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{{Short description|Group of loosely affiliated 9/11 conspiracy theorists}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}}
[[File:9-11 Truth 1.jpg|thumb|Supporters of the 9/11 Truth movement at an anti-war demonstration in Los Angeles, October 2007]]
The '''9/11 truth movement''' encompasses a disparate group of adherents to a set of overlapping [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] that dispute the general consensus of the [[September 11 attacks]] that a group of [[Al-Qaeda]] terrorists had hijacked four airliners and crashed them into [[the Pentagon]] and the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|original World Trade Center Twin Towers]], which consequently [[collapse of the World Trade Center|collapsed]]. The primary focus is on missed information that adherents allege is not adequately explained in the official [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST) reports, such as the collapse of [[7 World Trade Center (1987–2001)|7 World Trade Center]]. They suggest a [[cover-up]] and, at the least, complicity by [[September 11 attacks advance-knowledge conspiracy theories|insiders]].<ref name="Feuer">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/us/05conspiracy.html|first=Alan|last=Feuer|title=500 Conspiracy Buffs Meet to Seek the Truth of 9/11|quote=the movement known as "9/11 Truth", a society of skeptics and scientists who believe the government was complicit in the terrorist attacks.|newspaper=New York Times|date=June 5, 2006|access-date=May 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512222259/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/us/05conspiracy.html |archive-date=May 12, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Rudin">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/uk_news/magazine/7488159.stm|first=Mike|last=Rudin|title=The evolution of a conspiracy theory|publisher=BBC|date=July 4, 2008|access-date=May 23, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Barber">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/8d66e778-3128-11dd-ab22-000077b07658.html |first=Peter|last=Barber|title=The truth is out there|quote=an army of sceptics, collectively described as the 9/11 Truth movement|publisher=Financial Times|date=June 7, 2008|access-date=May 23, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603164130/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/8d66e778-3128-11dd-ab22-000077b07658.html |archive-date=June 3, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Powell">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/07/AR2006090701669_pf.html|first=Michael|last=Powell|title=The Disbelievers|quote=The loose agglomeration known as the '9/11 Truth Movement'|newspaper=Washington Post|date=September 8, 2006|access-date=May 30, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Barry">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-sep-10-na-conspiracy10-story.html|first=Ellen|last=Barry|title=9/11 Conspiracy Theorists Gather in N.Y.|quote= a group known as the 9/11 Truth Movement|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=September 10, 2006|access-date=May 30, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617183636/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/sep/10/nation/na-conspiracy10|archive-date=June 17, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hunt">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3483477/The-30-greatest-conspiracy-theories-part-1.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3483477/The-30-greatest-conspiracy-theories-part-1.html |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|first=H.E.|last=Hunt|title=The 30 greatest conspiracy theories – part 1|quote=A large group of people – collectively called the 9/11 Truth Movement|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|___location=London|date=November 19, 2008|access-date=May 30, 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Kay">{{cite news|url=http://www.financialpost.com/scripts/story.html?id=f54cf9ee-4637-44de-8819-19d918b3241b&k=21893|first=Jonathan|last=Kay|title=Richard Gage: 9/11 truther extraordinaire|quote=The '9/11 Truth Movement,' as it is now commonly called|periodical=Financial Post|date=April 25, 2009|access-date=August 4, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701172048/http://www.financialpost.com/scripts/story.html?id=f54cf9ee-4637-44de-8819-19d918b3241b&k=21893|archive-date=July 1, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/skeptics+speak+UQAM/2976659/story.html |first=Jan |last=Ravensbergen |title=9/11 skeptics to speak at UQAM |quote=two leading voices of what's known as the 9/11 truth movement |newspaper=Montreal Gazette |date=May 2, 2010 |access-date=May 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504062139/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/skeptics%2Bspeak%2BUQAM/2976659/story.html |archive-date=May 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref>
They analyze evidence from the attacks, discuss [[9/11 conspiracy theories|different theories]] about how the attacks happened and call for a new investigation into the attacks.<ref name="Morales">{{cite news|url=http://www.thevillager.com/villager_319/talkingpoint.html|first=Frank|last=Morales|title=9/11 Truth comes home; Pols back new investigation|periodical=Villager|date=June 11, 2009|access-date=June 21, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614224623/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_319/talkingpoint.html|archive-date=June 14, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Olivier"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nysun.com/news/foreign/un-official-calls-study-neocons-role-911|first=Eli|last=Lake|title=U.N. Official Calls for Study Of Neocons' Role in 9/11|newspaper=New York Sun|date=April 10, 2008|access-date=June 21, 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090529075002/http://nysun.com/news/foreign/un-official-calls-study-neocons-role-911|archive-date=May 29, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2004/2004-10-29-06.asp|title=Citizens Petition New York Attorney General to Open 9-11 Inquiry|publisher=Environment News Service|date=October 29, 2004|access-date=June 21, 2009|archive-date=October 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002233942/http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2004/2004-10-29-06.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thevillager.com/villager_268/pentagonpapers.html|first=Jefferson|last=Siegel|title='Pentagon Papers senator' calls for new 9/11 probe|newspaper=Villager|date=June 18, 2008|access-date=June 21, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912171656/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_268/pentagonpapers.html|archive-date=September 12, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="eastvalleytribune">{{cite news|url=http://eastvalleytribune.com/article_6294b160-5bf3-5925-b34b-856202b2f397.html|title=Sen. Karen Johnson's floor speech about 9/11|newspaper=East Valley Tribune|date=June 9, 2008 |access-date=December 13, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Stratford Gazette"/> Some of the organizations assert that there is evidence that individuals within the [[United States government]] may have been either responsible for or knowingly complicit in the September 11 attacks. Motives suggested by the movement include the use of the attacks as a pretext to fight wars in [[Iraq War|Iraq]] and [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Afghanistan]] and to create opportunities to curtail American [[civil liberties]].<ref name="Rudin"/><ref name="Manjoo"/> Support for the movement is negligible from professionals in relevant fields, such as civil and aerospace engineering.<ref>''Debunking 9/11 Myths: Why Conspiracy Theories Can't Stand Up to the Facts'', by David Dunbar and Brad Reagan, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2006, p.x-xix et passim</ref>
==Characteristics==
===Name===
[[File:911InsideJobSticker.jpg|thumb|Sticker (pictured in 2006) promoting the conspiracy theory that the September 11 attacks were orchestrated by the US government]]
"9/11 truth movement" is a term that has been applied to loosely affiliated<ref name="Manjoo">{{cite news|url=http://www.salon.com/ent/feature/2006/06/27/911_conspiracies |first=Farhad |last=Manjoo |title=The 9/11 deniers |work=Salon |date=June 27, 2006 |access-date=September 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091127063119/http://www.salon.com/ent/feature/2006/06/27/911_conspiracies |archive-date=November 27, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Bunch">{{cite news|last=Bunch|first=Sonny|date=September 24, 2007|title=The Truthers Are Out There|periodical=Weekly Standard|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/014/113zubvo.asp|url-status=dead|access-date=September 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071003222637/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/014/113zubvo.asp|archive-date=October 3, 2007}}</ref> organizations and individuals that question whether the United States government, agencies of the United States or individuals within such agencies were either responsible for or purposefully complicit in the September 11 attacks.<ref name="Barber"/><ref name="Powell"/><ref name="Barry"/><ref name="Hunt"/><ref name="Kay"/><ref name="Kennedy">{{cite news|url=http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=476951|first=Gene|last=Kennedy|title=BYU Professor on Paid Leave for 9-11 Theory|quote=Jones is a physics professor involved in what's called the "9-11 Truth Movement".|publisher=KSL TV|date=September 8, 2006}}</ref><ref name="Molé">{{cite journal|url=http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/06-09-11|first=Phil|last=Molé|title=9/11 Conspiracy Theories: The 9/11 Truth Movement Perspective|quote=a larger coalition known as the "9/11 Truth Movement"|journal=Skeptic|volume=12|issue=4|year=2006|access-date=June 2, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606001336/http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/06-09-11|archive-date=June 6, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sales">{{cite news|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/ontheweb/features/2006/08/loosechange200608|first=Nancy Jo|last=Sales|title=Click Here for Conspiracy|quote=a nationwide collection of doubters known as the "9/11 Truth" movement|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=August 2006|access-date=June 2, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090530062159/http://www.vanityfair.com/ontheweb/features/2006/08/loosechange200608|archive-date=May 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The term is also being used by the adherents of the movement,<ref name="Grossman">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1531304,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110053438/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1531304%2C00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 10, 2006|first=Lev|last=Grossman|title=Why the 9/11 Conspiracy Theories Won't Go Away|magazine=Time|date=September 3, 2006}}</ref><ref name="Harvey">{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,20341165-5007191,00.html|first=Adam|last=Harvey|title=9/11 myths busted|newspaper=Courier Mail|publisher=The Sunday Mail (Qld)|date=September 3, 2006|access-date=June 3, 2009|archive-date=December 31, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231063243/http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/sunday-mail/myths-busted/story-e6frep2o-1111112178647|url-status=dead}}</ref> who call themselves "9/11 skeptics",<ref name="CBC-Speculation">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/conspiracytheories/speculation.html|title=Conspiracy theories: The Speculation|publisher=CBC|date=October 29, 2003|access-date=June 2, 2009}}</ref> "truth activists",<ref name="Curiel">{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/09/03/INGR0KRCBA1.DTL|first=Jonathan|last=Curiel|title=The Conspiracy to Rewrite 9/11|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|date=September 3, 2006|access-date=June 2, 2009}}</ref> or "9/11 truthers",<ref name="Gravois">{{cite journal|last=Gravois|first=John|journal=The Chronicle of Higher Education|date=June 23, 2006|title=Professors of Paranoia?|url=http://chronicle.com/free/v52/i42/42a01001.htm|access-date=September 19, 2011}}</ref> while generally rejecting the term "conspiracy theorists".<ref name="Bunch"/><ref name="Curiel"/>
<!-- redundant from main
Members of the movement are often referred to as "truthers",<ref name="Bunch"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyberpresse.ca/international/en-vedette/201005/01/01-4276172-le-mystere-de-la-tour-7.php|first=Judith|last=Lachapelle|title=Le "mystère" de la Tour 7|publisher=La Presse|date=May 1, 2010|access-date=May 1, 2010}}</ref> "[[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorists]]",<ref name="Feuer"/><ref name="Sullivan"/><ref name="Burchell">{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24345179-7583,00.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215183856/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24345179-7583,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 15, 2012|first=David|last=Burchell|title=They're out there, plotting against us all|periodical=Australian|date=September 15, 2008|access-date=May 24, 2009}}</ref> occasionally as "9/11 deniers"<ref name="Manjoo"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/article634203.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917193750/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/article634203.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 17, 2008|first=Roland|last=White|title=Rebel MI5 agent says 9/11 planes were holograms|periodical=Sunday Times|___location=London, UK|date=September 10, 2006|access-date=June 5, 2009}}</ref> and by sympathetic writers as "9/11 skeptics."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=23985|first=Paul|last=Weinberg|title=Politics: 9/11 Sceptics Hold Inquiry|publisher=Inter Press Service News Agency |date=June 10, 2009 |access-date=June 10, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.amny.com/news/local/groundzero/am-loos0901,0,4383055.story|first=Justin|last=Silverman|title=9/11 skeptics challenge WTC findings |publisher=amNewYork |date=September 1, 2006|access-date=June 10, 2009}}</ref> Members of the movement hold diverse views on other political issues.
end 'name calling' redundant copy-->
===Adherents===
Adherents of the movement come from diverse social backgrounds.<ref name="Feuer"/><ref name="Harvey"/><ref name="Curiel"/> The movement draws adherents from people of diverse political beliefs including [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberals]], [[Conservatism in the United States|conservatives]], and [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarians]].<ref name="Barber"/><ref name="Molé"/><ref name="Curiel"/>
[[Lev Grossman]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine has stated that support for the movement is not a "fringe phenomenon", but "a mainstream political reality."<ref name="Grossman"/> Others, such as Ben Smith of ''[[Politico (newspaper)|Politico]]'' and the ''[[Minneapolis Star Tribune]]'' have stated that the movement has been "relegated to the fringe".<ref>Bob von Sternberg, ''[[Star Tribune]]'', (Minneapolis, MN) – September 6, 2006, Metro Section: News, p. 1A.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/culture-of-conspiracy-the-birthers/|title=Culture Of Conspiracy: The Birthers|work=CBS News|date=March 1, 2009}}</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' editorial staff went further describing the movement as "lunatic fringe."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/07/AR2010030702354.html|title=A leading Japanese politician espouses a 9/11 fantasy|newspaper=Washington Post|date=March 8, 2010}}</ref> Mark Fenster, a [[University of Florida]] law professor and author of the book ''Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture'',<ref>{{Cite book|author=Fenster, Mark| title=Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture |publisher=University of Minnesota Press|___location= Minneapolis; London|isbn = 978-0816654949 |year=2008 }}</ref> says that "the amount of organisation" of the movement is significantly stronger than the organization of the movement related to doubts about the official account of the [[assassination of John F. Kennedy]],<ref name="Barber"/> though this is likely the result of [[new media]] technologies, such as online social networks, blogs, etc.
The movement is active in the US as well as in other countries.<ref name="Stratford Gazette">{{cite news|url=http://www.stratfordgazette.com/stratford/article/86274|first=Tori|last=Sutton|title=Seeking the truth about 9/11|newspaper=Stratford Gazette|date=February 18, 2010|access-date=February 19, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324192812/http://www.stratfordgazette.com/stratford/article/86274|archive-date=March 24, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2004, [[John Buchanan (American politician)|John Buchanan]] ran for president on a 9/11 truth platform.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2004/01/25/Analysis-Challenge-by-honest-Republican/UPI-77191075046442|first=Jillian|last=Jonas|title=Analysis: Challenge by 'honest Republican'|publisher=United Press International|date=January 25, 2004|access-date=May 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://johnbuchanan.org/news/newsitem.php?section=INF&id=1504&showcat=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040326051601/http://johnbuchanan.org/news/newsitem.php?section=INF&id=1504&showcat=4|first=John|last=Buchanan|title=Is George Bush guilty of treason?|quote=On September 1, 2000, before Mr. Bush took office, the Project for a New American Century proposed the invasions, without provocation or attack, of Afghanistan and Iraq. The motive? 'to protect America's oil interests.' The signatories to that sinister plan – Dick Cheney, Paul Wolfowitz, and Richard Perle, to name but a few – cleverly and dishonorably set the stage for all that would follow, including the horrifying spectacle of 9/11, when they noted that since well-fed and materially-comfortable Americans would lack the will and focus to fight such 'interventionist' wars – now known as 'The Bush Doctrine' – there must be a galvanizing incident on the order of Pearl Harbor.|archive-date=March 26, 2004|access-date=September 19, 2011}}</ref> [[Jeff Boss]] ran in the 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020 US presidential elections on platforms promoting the movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.co.gloucester.nj.us/civica/filebank/blobdload.asp?BlobID=5945|title=Jeff Boss's name is in box F10|publisher=co.gloucester.nj.us}}</ref>
In a 2011 article in ''[[Skeptical Inquirer]]'', [[Jamie Bartlett (journalist)|Jamie Bartlett]] and Carl Miller gave an overview and analyzed the members of the 9/11 truth movement. The authors found that people involved in this movement, which seemingly is a disparate group with very diversified backgrounds, could be classified into three groups. They join the movement for different reasons, loosely self-assemble to fill different roles, and are united by their shared mistrust in experts and the establishment (government and reputable sources of knowledge) and have a conspiratorial stance. Through their engagement, they each find their own fulfillment and satisfaction. Together, they contribute to the persistence, resilience, and exaggerated claims of acceptance (in general public) of the movement.<ref name=Bartlett>{{cite journal|last1=Bartlett|first1=Jamie|last2=Miller|first2=Carl|title=A Bestiary of the 9/11 Truth Movement: Notes from the Front Line|journal=[[Skeptical Inquirer]]|volume=35.4|issue=July/August|pages=43–46|year=2011|url=http://www.csicop.org/si/show/a_bestiary_of_the_9_11_truth_movement_notes_from_the_front_line|access-date=September 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001051753/http://www.csicop.org/si/show/a_bestiary_of_the_9_11_truth_movement_notes_from_the_front_line|archive-date=October 1, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
===Views===
{{Main|9/11 conspiracy theories}}
Many believers in the movement say that US government insiders played a part in the attacks, or may have known the attacks were imminent, and did nothing to alert others or stop them.<ref name="CBC-Speculation"/> Some within the movement who argue that insiders within the US government were directly responsible for the September 11 attacks often allege that the attacks were planned and executed in order to provide the US with a pretext for going to war in the Middle East, and, by extension, as a means of consolidating.<ref name="Grossman"/><ref name="Harvey"/>
According to these allegations, this would have given the Bush administration the justification for more widespread abuses of civil liberties and to invade Afghanistan and Iraq to ensure future supplies of oil.<ref name="CBC-Speculation"/> In some cases, even in the mainstream media, "hawks" in the [[White House]], especially then vice-president [[Dick Cheney]] and members of the [[Project for the New American Century]], the neoconservative think-tank, have been accused of either being aware of, or involved in, the alleged plot.<ref name="Sullivan">{{cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Will|date=September 3, 2006|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|title=Viewing 9/11 From a Grassy Knoll – You won't believe what the conspiracy theorists are claiming-or will you?|url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060903/11conspiracy_2.htm|access-date=May 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422134537/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060903/11conspiracy_2.htm|archive-date=April 22, 2009|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Jacobson"/><ref name="Manjoo-Anthrax">{{cite news|last=Manjoo|first=Farhad|publisher=Slate|date=August 7, 2008|title=The Anthrax Truth Movement|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2196986}}</ref>
A relatively common, but not exclusive view within the movement alleges that the buildings of the World Trade Center were destroyed by [[World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories|controlled demolition]].<ref name="Feuer"/><ref name="Molé"/><ref name="Tobin">{{cite news|last=Tobin|first=Hugh|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=May 21, 2008|title=Conspiracy theory lunacy|url=http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/stories/s2250663.htm}}</ref><ref name="europhysics-2016">{{cite journal |first1=Steven |last1=Jones |first2=Robert |last2=Korol |first3=Anthony |last3=Szamboti3 |first4=Ted |last4=Walter |title=15 Years Later: On the Physics of High-rise Building Collapses |journal=Europhysicsnews – the Magazine of the European Physical Society |year=2016 |volume=47 |issue=7 |pages=21–26 |doi=10.1051/epn/2016402 |bibcode=2016ENews..47d..21J |url=http://www.europhysicsnews.org/articles/epn/pdf/2016/04/epn2016-47-4.pdf|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Communication===
The Internet plays a large role both in the communication between adherents and between local groups of the 9/11 truth movement and in the dissemination of the views of the movement to the public at large.<ref name="Rudin"/><ref name="Barber"/><ref name="Hunt"/><ref name="Grossman"/><ref name="Jacobson">{{cite news|last=Jacobson|first=Mark|magazine=New York Magazine|title=The Ground Zero Grassy Knoll|date=March 20, 2006|url=https://nymag.com/news/features/16464|access-date=June 2, 2009}}</ref> [[Colorado Public Television]] has aired several films produced by the movement such as ''9/11 Explosive Evidence: Experts Speak Out'', a documentary produced by [[Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth]], which once was one of the "most shared" and "most watched" programs on the national [[PBS]] site. The station's airing of such films has been controversial for the affiliate and PBS.<ref>{{cite news|last=Getler|first=Michael|title=The Disaster That Keeps on Giving |url=https://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2012/09/the_disaster_that_keeps_on_giving_1.html |access-date=December 3, 2012 |newspaper=[[PBS]]|date=September 17, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ostrow|first=Joanne|title=KBDI pushes limits on controversial pledge tie-ins|url=http://www.denverpost.com/ostrow/ci_13163170|access-date=December 3, 2012|newspaper=[[Denver Post]]|date=August 21, 2009}}</ref>
==History==
Months before the attack, in June and July 2001, two of the conspiracy theory's earliest proponents, [[Milton William Cooper|William Cooper]] and [[Alex Jones]], claimed that the US government planned terror attacks that would be blamed on [[Osama bin Laden]]. Both began broadcasting the "controlled demolition" conspiracy theory on the day of the 9/11 attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://azcentral.com/in-depth/news/local/arizona-investigations/2020/10/01/behold-pale-horse-how-william-cooper-planted-seeds-qanon-theory/3488115001/|title=How William Cooper and his book 'Behold a Pale Horse' planted seeds of QAnon conspiracy theory|first1=Richard|last1=Ruelas|first2=Rob|last2=O'Dell|work=The Arizona Republic|date=October 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/trutherism/2011/09/where_did_911_conspiracies_come_from.html|title=Where Did 9/11 Conspiracies Come From?|first=Jeremy|last=Stahl|work=Slate|date=September 6, 2011}}</ref> Jones went on to become "one of the loudest voices in the self-styled 9/11 Truth movement".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00k0fbl|title=Alex Jones: 'The official story doesn't add up'|work=The Conspiracy Files|publisher=BBC Two|date=August 24, 2011}}</ref>
In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, different interpretations of the events that questioned the account given by the US government were published. Among others, [[Michael Ruppert]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Brzezinski|first=Zbigniew|isbn=978-0865715400|title=Crossing the Rubicon: The Decline of the American Empire at the End of the Age of Oil|publisher=New Society Publishers|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> and Canadian journalist [[Barrie Zwicker]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Ray|first=David|title=Towers of Deception: The Media Cover-up of 9/11|publisher=New Society Publishers|isbn=978-0865715738|year=2006|url=https://archive.org/details/towersofdeceptio00barr}}</ref> published criticisms or pointed out purported anomalies of the accepted account of the attacks. French author [[Jean-Charles Brisard]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Shaffer|first=Anthony|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0029E9RAE|title=Forbidden Truth: U.S.-Taliban Secret Oil Diplomacy Saudi Arabia And The Failed Search For Bin Laden|publisher=Nation Books|year=2002|access-date=May 30, 2011}}</ref> and German authors [[Mathias Bröckers]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Ray|first=David|title=Conspiracies, Conspiracy Theories, and the Secrets of 9/11|publisher=Progressive Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0930852238}}</ref> and [[Andreas von Bülow]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Die CIA und der 11. September. Internationaler Terror und die Rolle der Geheimdienste|isbn=978-3-492-04545-2|publisher=Piper|year=2003}}</ref> published books critical of media reporting and advancing the controlled demolition thesis of the destruction of the World Trade Center towers. In September 2002, the first "Bush Did It!" rallies and marches were held in [[San Francisco]] and [[Oakland, California]], organized by The All People's Coalition.<ref>[http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2002/09/14/1486451.php Bush Did It: Pictures From 9/11 Protest in Oakland], by Z, September 14, 2002, San Francisco Bay Area Indymedia website; accessed February 26, 2014.</ref>
[[File:911TruthProtestSign.jpg|thumb|A 9/11 truth movement protest sign, October 2009]]
In October 2004, the organization 9/11 Truth released a statement, signed by nearly 200 people, including many relatives of people who perished on September 11, 2001, that calls for an investigation into the attacks. It also asserted that unanswered questions would suggest that people within the administration of President George W. Bush may have deliberately allowed the attacks to happen. Actor [[Edward Asner]], former presidential candidate [[Ralph Nader]], former congresswoman [[Cynthia McKinney]], former assistant secretary of housing [[Catherine Austin Fitts]], author [[Richard Heinberg]], professors [[Richard A. Falk|Richard Falk]] of the University of California, [[Mark Crispin Miller]] of New York University, and others signed the statement. In 2009, [[Van Jones]], a former advisor to President Obama, said he had not fully reviewed the statement before he signed and that the petition did not reflect his views "now or ever".<ref name="salon-petition">{{cite journal|last=Rossmeier|first=Vincent|journal=Salon|title=Would you still sign the 9/11 Truth petition?|date=September 11, 2009|url=http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2009/09/11/truth_petition|access-date=September 11, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Keating|first1=Joshua|last2=Downie|first2=James|title=The World's Most Persistent Conspiracy Theories |journal=Foreign Policy|date=September 10, 2009|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/09/10/the_worlds_most_popular_conspiracy_theories |access-date=September 13, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/09/08/08greenwire-embattled-van-jones-quits-but-czar-debates-rage-9373.html|newspaper=New York Times|title=Embattled Van Jones Quits, but "Czar" Debates Rage On|first=Michael|last=Burnham|date=September 8, 2009|access-date=April 23, 2010}}</ref>
In 2006, [[Steven E. Jones]], who became a leading advocate of the demolition theory,<ref name="Rudin"/> published the paper "Why Indeed Did the WTC Buildings Completely Collapse?".<ref name="NYTCountersTheories">{{cite news|author=Jim Dwyer|title=2 U.S. Reports Seek to Counter Conspiracy Theories About 9/11|date=September 2, 2006|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/02/nyregion/02conspiracy.html|newspaper=New York Times|access-date=April 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512221337/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/02/nyregion/02conspiracy.html |archive-date=May 12, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was placed on paid leave by [[Brigham Young University]] following what they described as Jones's "increasingly speculative and accusatory" statements in September 2006, pending a review of his statements and research. Six weeks later, Jones retired<!-- see Jones's website at BYU.--> from the university.<ref name=Jones>{{cite news |last=Walch |first=Tad |date=September 8, 2006 |publisher=Deseret Morning News |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,645199800,00.html |title=BYU places '9/11 truth' professor on paid leave |access-date=January 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108144212/http://deseretnews.com/article/1%2C5143%2C645199800%2C00.html |archive-date=January 8, 2009 |url-status=dead }} {{cite journal |first=Will |last=Sullivan |title=BYU takes on a 9/11 conspiracy professor |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060911/11conspiracy.htm |journal=U.S. News & World Report |date=September 11, 2006 |access-date=April 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430003625/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060911/11conspiracy.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }} {{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,223318,00.html |title=BYU Professor Who Believes WTC Brought Down by Explosives Resigns |publisher=Fox News |date=October 21, 2006 |access-date=May 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620085444/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C223318%2C00.html |archive-date=June 20, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }} {{cite news |last=Walch |first=Tad |date=October 22, 2006 |publisher=Deseret Morning News |url=http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,650200587,00.html |title=BYU professor in dispute over 9/11 will retire |access-date=May 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531100558/http://www.deseretnews.com/dn/view/0%2C1249%2C650200587%2C00.html |archive-date=May 31, 2009 |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |title=Steven E. Jones. Retired Professor |publisher=Brigham Young University |url=http://www.physics.byu.edu/research/energy |access-date=May 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422055623/http://www.physics.byu.edu/research/energy |archive-date=April 22, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> Skepticism arose as to the scientific claims made by Jones and the efficacy of the peer-review process involved in the publication of his hypotheses, and conspiracy theorists responded to criticism by positing still more elaborate ostensible cover-ups.<ref>[http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/trutherism/2011/09/the_theory_vs_the_facts.html The Theory vs. the Facts], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'', Jeremy Stahl, September 7, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2018.</ref>
In the same year, 61 legislators in the US state of Wisconsin signed a petition calling for the dismissal of a [[University of Wisconsin]] lecturer Kevin Barrett, after he joined the group [[Scholars for 9/11 Truth]]. Citing [[academic freedom]], the university [[Provost (education)|provost]] declined to take action against Barrett.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ruethling|first=Gretchen|date=August 1, 2006|title=A Skeptic on 9/11 Prompts Questions on Academic Freedom |newspaper=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/01/education/01madison.html|access-date=May 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110164623/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/01/education/01madison.html |archive-date=November 10, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=CNN|date=November 20, 2006|title=Wisconsin academic: 9/11 report a fraud|url=http://edition.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/anderson.cooper.360/blog/2006/11/wisconsin-academic-911-report-fraud.html|access-date=May 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604004531/http://edition.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/anderson.cooper.360/blog/2006/11/wisconsin-academic-911-report-fraud.html|archive-date=June 4, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guardian-Asquith-2006">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2006/sep/05/internationaleducationnews.highereducation|first=Christina|last=Asquith|title=Who really blew up the twin towers?|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |___location=London, UK|date=September 5, 2006|access-date=May 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501185220/http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2006/sep/05/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |archive-date=May 1, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Several organizations of family members of people who have died in the attacks have called for an independent investigation into the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|last=Diffalah|first=Sarah|title=11/09: le crash du Pentagone toujours contesté|newspaper=Nouvel Observateur|date=July 23, 2009}}</ref> In 2009, a group of people, including 9/11 truth activist [[Lorie Van Auken]] and others who have lost friends or relatives in the attack, appealed to the City of New York to investigate the disaster. The New York City Coalition for Accountability Now collected signatures to require the [[New York City Council]] to place the creation of an investigating commission on the November 2009 election ballot.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=United Press International|title=Group calls for renewed Sept. 11 probe|date=August 10, 2009|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/08/10/Group-calls-for-renewed-Sept-11-probe/UPI-81561249924847|access-date=August 12, 2009}}</ref> The group collected more than enough signatures to put the proposal before the voters, but New York Supreme Court Justice Edward Lehner stated that the petition overstepped what is allowable by city law, and ruled that, despite wording in the petition to allow for elements ruled invalid to be stricken, it would not be allowed to appear on the ballot.<ref>{{cite news|title=New York Judges Fight New Investigation of 9/11|date=October 13, 2009|url=http://www.salem-news.com/articles/october132009/911_review_10-13-09.php|publisher=Salem-News.com|access-date=July 27, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/21193128/09-10-09-Lehner-Order|title=Christopher Burke, et. al against Michael McSweeney, City Clerk, and the Board of Elections, City of New York|date=October 8, 2009|work=Supreme Court of the State of New York|publisher=scribd.com|access-date=July 27, 2010}}</ref>
===9/11 Commission's ''Commission Report''===
According to some adherents of the 9/11 truth movement, many of the questions that the [[9/11 Family Steering Committee]] put to the [[9/11 Commission]], chaired by former [[New Jersey]] Governor [[Thomas Kean]], were not asked in either the hearings nor in the Commission Report.<ref>{{cite news|first=Lloyd|last=de Vries|title=9/11 Report: The Open Question|date=July 20, 2004|work=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/9-11-report-the-open-question/|access-date=June 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603175951/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/07/21/iraq/main630797.shtml| archive-date=June 3, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Lorie Van Auken]], one of the [[Jersey Girls]], estimates that only 30% of their questions were answered in the final 9/11 Commission Report, published July 22, 2004.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}
The [[9/11 Family Steering Committee]] produced a website summarizing the questions they had raised to the commission, indicating which they believe had been answered satisfactorily, which they believe had been addressed but not answered satisfactorily, and which they believe had been generally ignored in or omitted from the Report.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.911independentcommission.org|title=The Family Steering Committee|publisher=911independentcommission.org|access-date=May 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606114246/http://911independentcommission.org/ |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In addition, ''The 9/11 Commission Report: Omissions and Distortions'', written by [[David Ray Griffin]], claimed the report had either omitted information or distorted the truth, providing 115 examples of his allegations.<ref>{{cite news|last=Harmanci|first=Reyhan|title=An inside job?|date=March 30, 2006|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/03/30/NSGB3HTBQ61.DTL|publisher=The San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=September 17, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Abrams |first=Joseph |publisher=Fox News |title=Critics Demand Resignation of U.N. Official Who Wants Probe of 9/11 'Inside Job' Theories |date=July 15, 2008 |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,369122,00.html |access-date=September 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805030754/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C369122%2C00.html |archive-date=August 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bhaerman|first=Steve|title=Unquestioned Answers|publisher=Bohemian|date=June 14–20, 2006|url=http://www.bohemian.com/bohemian/06.14.06/david-ray-griffin-0624.html|access-date=September 17, 2009|archive-date=February 18, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218083349/http://www.bohemian.com/bohemian/06.14.06/david-ray-griffin-0624.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Griffin has characterized the 9/11 Commission Report as "a 571-page lie".<ref>{{cite news|last=Solomon|first=Evan|title=9/11: Truth, Lies and Conspiracy|date=August 25, 2006|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sunday/911griffin.html|publisher=CBC News|access-date=September 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611112401/http://www.cbc.ca/sunday/911griffin.html |archive-date=June 11, 2008}}</ref>
On May 26, 2008, adjunct religious studies professor Blair Gadsby began a protest and a hunger strike outside the offices of [[United States Senate|Senator]] and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] nominee for President [[John McCain]]'s office requesting McCain meet with the principal scientists and leaders of the 9/11 truth movement, specifically [[Richard Gage (architect)|Richard Gage]], Steven E. Jones, and David Ray Griffin. McCain had written the foreword to the book ''Debunking 9/11 Myths: Why Conspiracy Theories Can't Stand Up to the Facts'', published by the magazine ''[[Popular Mechanics]]''.<ref name="Benson"/>
Arizona Republican State Senator [[Karen Johnson (politician)|Karen Johnson]] joined the protest in support. On June 10, Johnson with Gadsby as her guest and other 9/11 truth movement members in the audience, spoke before the [[Arizona State Senate]] espousing the [[Controlled demolition hypothesis for the collapse of the World Trade Center|controlled demolition theory]] and supporting a reopening of the 9/11 investigation.<ref name="eastvalleytribune"/><ref name="Benson">{{cite web|url=https://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/local/articles/0604johnson0604.html|title=Lawmaker asks McCain to talk with 9/11 theorists|publisher=Arizona Republic|date=June 3, 2008|access-date=May 30, 2011}}</ref>
===FEMA and NIST report reactions===
[[File:World Trade Center 9-11 Iron-rich sphere.jpg|thumb|An iron-rich sphere, found in the dust of the World Trade Center, as documented by the United States Geological Survey and RJ LeeGroup, Inc. RJ Lee's report states the spheres are indicative of molten iron.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1165/table_1.html|title=Particle Atlas of World Trade Center Dust|date=September 23, 2005|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=June 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyenvirolaw.org/WTC/130%20Liberty%20Street/Mike%20Davis%20LMDC%20130%20Liberty%20Documents/Signature%20of%20WTC%20dust/WTC%20Dust%20Signature.Composition%20and%20Morphology.Final.pdf |title=WTC Dust Signature Report |date=December 2003 |publisher=RJ LeeGroup, Inc. |access-date=June 29, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122142837/http://www.nyenvirolaw.org/WTC/130%20Liberty%20Street/Mike%20Davis%20LMDC%20130%20Liberty%20Documents/Signature%20of%20WTC%20dust/WTC%20Dust%20Signature.Composition%20and%20Morphology.Final.pdf |archive-date=November 22, 2009 }}</ref> Members of the 9/11 truth movement claim the spheres indicate the presence of temperatures much hotter than office fires, or the presence of thermitic reactions.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Phillips|first1=Peter|title=Censored 2008: The Top 25 Censored Stories|chapter=Chapter 2: Censored Déjà Vu|publisher=Seven Stories Press|year=2007|page=140|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hg3DR7blYgAC&pg=PA140|isbn=978-1-58322-772-5|access-date=August 6, 2010}}</ref><ref name="active_thermitic"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartfordadvocate.com/article.cfm?aid=5546|title=Theories of 9/11|last=Abel|first=Jennifer|date=January 29, 2008|work=Hartford Advocate|access-date=August 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430203236/http://www.hartfordadvocate.com/article.cfm?aid=5546|archive-date=April 30, 2008}}</ref> However, such spheres have been found to form when iron particles are affected by normal fuel fires.<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Dave|title=New Info Challenges 9/11 Thermite Claims|url=http://www.nmsr.org/millette.pdf|access-date=9 October 2012|date=July–August 2012}}</ref>]]
{{More|NIST World Trade Center Disaster Investigation}}
Following the initial government investigation, the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] issued FEMA 403 in May 2002, titled ''World Trade Center Building Performance Study: Data Collection, Preliminary Observations, and Recommendations''. The [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST) subsequently issued final reports on building collapse in 2005 and 2008.
Numerous responses to these reports were written by members of the 9/11 truth movement. Many of these responses claimed that it{{which|date=June 2023}} ignored key evidence suggesting an explosive demolition, "distorted reality" by using deceptive language and diagrams, and depicted the report(s){{which|date=June 2023}} as consisting of [[straw man]] arguments, such as the 2005 article by [[Jim Hoffman]] entitled ''Building a better mirage: NIST's 3-year $20,000,000 Cover Up of the Crime of the Century''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpfa.org/archive/id/17162|title=KPFA 94.1, Guns and Butter|publisher=Kpfa.org|date=September 28, 2005|access-date=May 30, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614070353/http://www.kpfa.org/archive/id/17162|archive-date=June 14, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
In late 2005, Steven E. Jones, then a professor at [[Brigham Young University]], announced a paper criticizing the NIST Report and describing his hypothesis that the WTC towers had been intentionally demolished by explosives. This paper garnered some mainstream media attention, including an appearance by Jones on [[MSNBC]]. This was the first such programming on a major cable news station. Jones was criticized by his university for making his claims public before vetting them through the approved peer review process. He was placed on paid leave and has since retired.<ref name=Jones/><ref name=DMorning_pleave>{{cite news|first=Tad|last=Walch|title=BYU places "9/11 truth" professor on paid leave|url=http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,645199800,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061030050613/http://www.deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,645199800,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 30, 2006|publisher=Deseret Morning News|date=September 8, 2006}}</ref><ref name=USNW_BYUtakes>{{cite news|first=Will |last=Sullivan |title=BYU takes on a 9/11 conspiracy professor |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060911/11conspiracy.htm |publisher=U.S. News & World Report |date=September 11, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430003625/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060911/11conspiracy.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2009 |df=mdy}}</ref>
Accordingly, in April 2007, some 9/11 victims' family members and some members of the new ''Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice'' submitted an additional request for correction to NIST, containing their own views on the defects in the report.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ocio.os.doc.gov/ITPolicyandPrograms/Information_Quality/ssLINK/PROD01_004108|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150418063156/http://ocio.os.doc.gov/ITPolicyandPrograms/Information_Quality/ssLINK/PROD01_004108|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 18, 2015|title=Request for Correction|access-date=May 30, 2011}}</ref> NIST responded to this request in September 2007 supporting their original conclusions;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ocio.os.doc.gov/s/groups/public/@doc/@os/@ocio/@oitpp/documents/content/prod01_004622.pdf|title=Communication re Information Quality Request #07-06|access-date=May 30, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034908/http://www.ocio.os.doc.gov/s/groups/public/@doc/@os/@ocio/@oitpp/documents/content/prod01_004622.pdf|archive-date=July 21, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> the originators of the request wrote back to them in October 2007, asking them to reconsider their response.{{clarification needed|reason=and then what? radio silence?|date=June 2023}}
===Pamphlets at National September 11 Museum===
Members of the movement distributed pamphlets that they say told the "truth" about the attacks at the [[National September 11 Memorial & Museum]] when the Museum opened in May 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/may/20/911-truthers-plan-propaganda-brochures-museum-open/ |title=9/11 truthers to distribute propaganda at museum opening |work=Washington Times |access-date=May 21, 2014}}</ref>
==Organizations==
Since the publication of the official reports, a number of interconnected 9/11 truth movement organizations have been formed.
===Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth===
{{See also|Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth}}
[[File:Architects & Engineers for 9-11 Truth Banner.jpg|thumb|Two people holding a banner of Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth]]
Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth is an organization of architectural and engineering professionals<ref>{{cite news|first=Manasee |last=Wagh |title=Group's 9/11 theories draw controversy and indignation |date=March 25, 2011 |url=http://www.phillyburbs.com/news/local/courier_times_news/group-s-theories-draw-controversy-and-indignation/article_01d72cec-5573-59e8-9890-57edac492d37.html |publisher=phillyBurbs.com |access-date=April 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501042246/http://www.phillyburbs.com/news/local/courier_times_news/group-s-theories-draw-controversy-and-indignation/article_01d72cec-5573-59e8-9890-57edac492d37.html |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> who support the [[World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories]] and are calling for a new investigation into the destruction of the Twin Towers and WTC 7.<ref name="Olivier">{{cite news|first=Clint |last=Olivier |title=Controversial Group Re–Examines 9/11 In Clovis |date=May 26, 2009 |publisher=KMPH Fox News |url=http://www.kmph.com/Global/story.asp?S=10427820&nav=menu612_2_2 |access-date=May 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912013237/http://www.kmph.com/Global/story.asp?S=10427820&nav=menu612_2_2 |archive-date=September 12, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/reviews/the-weekends-tv-the-conspiracy-files-911-ndash-the-third-tower-sun-bbc2br-george-gently-sun-bbc2-861141.html|first=Thomas|last=Sutcliffe|title=Yet more tall stories with no foundation|periodical=Independent Extra|publisher=The Independent|___location=London, UK|date=July 7, 2008|access-date=May 24, 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090414093451/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/reviews/the-weekends-tv-the-conspiracy-files-911-ndash-the-third-tower-sun-bbc2br-george-gently-sun-bbc2-861141.html| archive-date=April 14, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The group is collecting signatures for a petition to the [[United States Congress]] that demands "a truly independent investigation with subpoena power" of the [[September 11 attacks]], which, according to the organization, should include an inquiry into the possible use of explosives in the destruction of the World Trade Center buildings.<ref name="telecinco">{{cite web|publisher=Telecinco|title=Un arquitecto estadounidense presenta en Madrid su versión alternativa al 11-S|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://www.telecinco.es/informativos/internacional/noticia/51928/Un+arquitecto+estadounidense+presenta+su+version+alternativa+al+11S+en+Madrid|access-date=May 23, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309183324/http://www.telecinco.es/informativos/internacional/noticia/51928/Un+arquitecto+estadounidense+presenta+su+version+alternativa+al+11S+en+Madrid|archive-date=March 9, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mounir|first=Roderic|title=Les attentats du 11-Septembre: "une démolition contrôlée!"|publisher=Le Courrier|date=November 13, 2008|url=http://www.lecourrier.ch/index.php?name=NewsPaper&file=article&sid=440823|access-date=May 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525215901/http://www.lecourrier.ch/index.php?name=NewsPaper&file=article&sid=440823|archive-date=May 25, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Richard Gage, a [[San Francisco Bay area]]-based architect,<ref name="Moskowitz">{{cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/11/29/airing_of_911_film_ignites_debate|first=Eric|last=Moskowitz|title=Airing of 9/11 film ignites debate|newspaper=Boston Globe|date=November 29, 2007|access-date=May 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604101255/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/11/29/airing_of_911_film_ignites_debate |archive-date=June 4, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> founded ''Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth'' in 2006.<ref name="Rudin"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/8d66e778-3128-11dd-ab22-000077b07658.html|first=Peter|last=Barber|title=The truth is out there|newspaper=Financial Times|date=June 7, 2008|access-date=May 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603164130/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/8d66e778-3128-11dd-ab22-000077b07658.html| archive-date=June 3, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Investigations by the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] and the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST) have concluded that the buildings collapsed as a result of the impacts of the planes and of the fires that resulted from them.<ref name="NYTCountersTheories"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Glanz|first=James|newspaper=New York Times|title=Towers Fell as Intense Fire Beat Defenses, Report Says|date=March 29, 2002|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/29/nyregion/nation-challenged-trade-center-towers-fell-intense-fire-beat-defenses-report.html|access-date=May 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604181451/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/29/nyregion/nation-challenged-trade-center-towers-fell-intense-fire-beat-defenses-report.html|archive-date=June 4, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gage criticized NIST for not having investigated the complete sequence of the [[collapse of the World Trade Center]] towers in [[NIST World Trade Center Disaster Investigation|its report]],<ref name="Potocki">{{cite news|last=Potocki|first=P. Joseph|publisher=Bohemian|title=Down the 9-11 Rabbit Hole|date=August 27, 2008|url=http://www.bohemian.com/bohemian/08.27.08/cover-911.truth-0835.html|access-date=May 25, 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090604091229/http://www.bohemian.com/bohemian/08.27.08/cover-911.truth-0835.html|archive-date=June 4, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> and claims "the official explanation of the total destruction of the World Trade Center skyscrapers has explicitly failed to address the massive evidence for [[World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories|explosive demolition]]".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Beam|first=Alex|title=The truth is out there ... Isn't it?|date=January 14, 2008|journal=The Boston Globe|url=https://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2008/01/14/the_truth_is_out_there____isnt_it|access-date=May 23, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090603232630/http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2008/01/14/the_truth_is_out_there____isnt_it| archive-date=June 3, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> To support its position, the group Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth points to the "free fall" pace of the collapse of the buildings, the "lateral ejection of steel", and to the "mid-air pulverization of concrete", the "molten metal", among other things.<ref name="Beam-Slate">{{cite journal|last=Beam|first=Christopher|date=April 8, 2009|title=Heated Controversy|journal=Slate|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2215703|access-date=May 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518074848/http://www.slate.com/id/2215703|archive-date=May 18, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
===9/11 Truth===
''9/11 Truth'' was launched in June 2004 and has become a central portal for many 9/11 truth movement organizations. It is run by Janice Matthews (executive director),<ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news|url=http://blog.washingtonpost.com/earlywarning/2006/05/911_truth_i_dont_think_so.html |date=May 26, 2006 |newspaper=Washington Post |title=9/11 Truth? I Don't Think So |author=Arkin, William M. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110135208/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/earlywarning/2006/05/911_truth_i_dont_think_so.html |archive-date=November 10, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hargrove |first=Thomas |publisher=Scripps Howard News Service |title=Third of Americans suspect 9-11 government conspiracy |date=August 1, 2006 |url=http://www.scrippsnews.com/911poll |access-date=December 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107092038/http://www.scrippsnews.com/911poll |archive-date=January 7, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> David Kubiak (International Campaign Advisor)<ref name="ID=855">{{cite web|url=http://www.zogby.com/news/ReadNews.dbm?ID=855 |title=Half of New Yorkers Believe US Leaders Had Foreknowledge of Impending 9-11 Attacks and "Consciously Failed" To Act...|publisher=Zogby International|date=August 30, 2004|access-date=May 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040831092509/http://www.zogby.com/news/ReadNews.dbm?ID=855|archive-date=August 31, 2004}}</ref> and Mike Berger (Media Coordinator),<ref name="CNN">{{cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0603/22/sbt.01.html|publisher=CNN|title=Charlie Sheen Questions Official 9/11 Explanations; "Young and Restless" Star Weighs in on Political Topics|date=March 22, 2006}}</ref> among others, and its advisory board includes Steven E. Jones and [[Barrie Zwicker]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.911truth.org/article.php?story=20061014120445472#about|title=911truth.org "About Us"|access-date=July 29, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210123422/http://www.911truth.org/article.php?story=20061014120445472#about|archive-date=February 10, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The organization co-sponsored opinion polls conducted by the U.S. market research and opinion polling firm [[Zogby International]] that have shown [[Opinion polls about 9/11 conspiracy theories|substantial numbers of people believing]] the government did not tell the full truth about the September 11 attacks.
===Scholars for 9/11 Truth===
The original Scholars for 9/11 Truth was founded by [[James H. Fetzer]], a former philosophy professor, and physicist Steven E. Jones, in December 2005. It was a group of people of differing backgrounds and expertise who rejected the mainstream media and government account of the [[September 11 attacks]].<ref name="Barber"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/06/AR2006080600393.html|first=Justin|last=Pope|title=9/11 Conspiracy Theories Persist, Thrive|newspaper=Washington Post|date=August 6, 2006|access-date=September 17, 2009 |quote=[...] Barrett will teach a class on Islam at the University of Wisconsin this fall, over the protests of more than 60 state legislators. Jones is a tenured physicist at Brigham Young University [...] co-founder James Fetzer, a retired philosophy professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth [...]}}</ref> Initially the group invited many ideas and hypotheses to be considered. However, leading members soon came to feel that the inclusion of some theories advocated by Fetzer—such as the use of directed energy weapons or miniature nuclear bombs to destroy the Twin Towers—were insufficiently supported by evidence and were exposing the group to ridicule. By December 2006, Jones and others set up a new scholars group, Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice, which described its focus as the use of scientific analysis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stj911.org/index.html|title=Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice|publisher=Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice}}</ref> The original members took a vote on which group to join and the majority voted to move to the new group.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stj911.org/faq.html#quest7|title=Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice}}</ref>
===Scholars for 9/11 Truth & Justice===
Scholars for 9/11 Truth & Justice (STJ) formed in January 2007 and is a self-described "group of scholars and supporters endeavoring to address the unanswered questions of the September 11, 2001 attack through scientific research and public education".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stj911.org/index.html |title=Scholars for 9/11 Truth & Justice |publisher=Stj911.org |access-date=May 20, 2014}}</ref> The group is composed of more than 900 members,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stj911.org/members/index.html|title=STH911 Members|publisher=Stj911.org|access-date=July 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716221732/http://stj911.org/members/index.html|archive-date=July 16, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> including [[Richard Gage (architect)|Richard Gage]], Steven E. Jones, [[Jim Hoffman]], [[David Ray Griffin]], and former Congressman [[Daniel Hamburg]]. Most members support the conspiracy theory that the World Trade Center Towers and the third skyscraper, WTC 7, were destroyed through [[Controlled demolition hypothesis for the collapse of the World Trade Center|explosive demolition]].{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}
In 2008 and 2009, several members of the Scholars for 9/11 Truth & Justice published essays in science and engineering journals. In April 2008, a letter by some of its members, was published in ''The Open Civil Engineering Journal''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCIEJ/2008/00000002/00000001/35TOCIEJ.SGM |author=Jones, Steven E. |author-link=Steven E. Jones |title=Fourteen Points of Agreement with Official Government Reports on the World Trade Center Destruction |publisher=Bentham Science Publishers |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610080428/http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCIEJ%2F2008%2F00000002%2F00000001%2F35TOCIEJ.SGM |archive-date=June 10, 2008 }}</ref> In July 2008, an article by Steven E. Jones and others was published in ''The Environmentalist.''<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jones, Steven E.|author-link=Steven E. Jones|title=Environmental anomalies at the World Trade Center: evidence for energetic materials|year=2008|doi=10.1007/s10669-008-9182-4|volume=29|journal=The Environmentalist|pages=56–63|doi-access=free}}</ref>
In October 2008, a comment by STJ member James R. Gourley describing what he considers fundamental errors in a Bažant and Verdure paper was included in an issue of the ''Journal of Engineering Mechanics''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ascelibrary.aip.org/dbt/dbt.jsp?KEY=JENMDT&Volume=134&Issue=10#DISCUSSIONS%20AND%20CLOSURES|title=Discussion of "Mechanics of Progressive Collapse: Learning from World Trade Center and Building Demolitions" by Zdenek P. Bažant and Mathieu Verdure|author=James R. Gourley|year=2008|publisher=ASCE Publications, Reston, VA}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In April 2009, Danish chemist and STJ member Niels H. Harrit, of the [[University of Copenhagen]], and eight other authors, including some STJ members, published a paper in ''The Open Chemical Physics Journal'', entitled ''Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade Center Catastrophe''. The paper, which caused the editor and only peer-reviewer, Professor Pileni, to resign, claiming it was published without her knowledge,<ref name="Videnskab">{{cite web|url=http://videnskab.dk/teknologi/chefredaktor-skrider-efter-kontroversiel-artikel-om-911|title=Chefredaktør skrider efter kontroversiel artikel om 9/11|work=Vindeskab.dk|date=April 28, 2009|access-date=July 23, 2012}}</ref> concludes that chips consisting of unreacted and partially reacted [[nano-thermite]] ("super-thermite") appear to be present in samples of the dust.<ref name="active_thermitic">{{cite web|url=http://www.bentham.org/open/tocpj/articles/V002/7TOCPJ.pdf |title=Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade Center Catastrophe |last=Harrit |first=Niels H. |access-date=October 11, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202230446/http://www.bentham.org/open/tocpj/articles/V002/7TOCPJ.pdf |archive-date=February 2, 2011 }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2013}}<ref>[[Politiken]]: [http://politiken.dk/indland/article684567.ece Konspirationsteorier om 9/11 får nyt liv], [[Jyllands-Posten]]: [http://jp.dk/nyviden/article1654301.ece Forskere: Sprængstof i støvet fra WTC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604222738/http://jp.dk/nyviden/article1654301.ece |date=June 4, 2012 }}, [[Ekstra Bladet]]: [http://ekstrabladet.dk/nationen/article1151442.ece Mystik om WTC: Nano-termit i tårne], Kristeligt Dagblad: [http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/319661:Danmark--Dansker-genopliver-konspirationsteori-om-11--september Dansker genopliver konspirationsteori om 11. september], Videnskab: [http://videnskab.dk/kultur-samfund/dansk-forsker-eksplosivt-nanomateriale-fundet-i-stovet-fra-world-trade-center Dansk forsker: Eksplosivt nanomateriale fundet i støvet fra World Trade Center]. The journal ''Videnskab'' is sponsored by the Danish Ministry for Science and Technology.</ref>
===9/11 Citizens Watch===
9/11 Citizens Watch was formed in 2002 by John Judge and Kyle Hence and, along with the [[9/11 Family Steering Committee|Family Steering Committee]], played an active role in calling for the establishment of the 9/11 Commission, and monitoring the commission closely.<ref name="csmonitor">{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0325/p03s01-usgn.htm|title=The Christian Science Monitor – A key force behind the 9/11 commission|publisher=Csmonitor.com|date=March 25, 2004|access-date=May 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913044931/http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0325/p03s01-usgn.htm |archive-date=September 13, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:William-rodriguez-american-scholars-symposium.jpg|thumb|[[William Rodriguez]] at American Scholars Symposium: 9/11 and the NeoCon Agenda in Los Angeles, California, June 24–25, 2006]]
===9/11 Commission Campaign===
Founded in 2011 by Senator [[Mike Gravel]], the 9/11 Commission Campaign's objective is to enact subpoena-capable, state-level commissions through state ballot initiatives, namely in Oregon, Alaska and California.<ref name="911commissioncampaign">{{cite web |url=http://9-11cc.org |title=About the 9-11 Commission Campaign |publisher=9-11cc.org |date=July 3, 2011 |access-date=July 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716220127/http://9-11cc.org/ |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> These commissions are envisioned as citizen-driven, independent organizations that would form a semi-unified grassroots national presence by exercising [[joint powers authority]].
===Hispanic Victims Group===
The Hispanic Victims Group is a group created after the 9/11 attacks, founded by [[William Rodriguez]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Senior|first=Jennifer|title=The Memorial Warriors|magazine=New York Magazine|url=https://nymag.com/news/articles/wtc/1year/families.htm|access-date=August 14, 2009}}</ref> a supporter of the 9/11 truth movement. The group was one of the key forces behind the creation of the 9/11 Commission.<ref name="csmonitor"/> William Rodriguez, as founder of the group, was a member of the Families Advisory Council for the [[Lower Manhattan Development Corporation]] (LMDC).<ref name="renewnyc">{{cite web|url=http://www.renewnyc.com/displaynews.aspx?newsid=5a791121-7404-4553-92ec-19c9b64237ad|publisher=Lower Manhattan Development Corporation|date=January 31, 2002|title=Chairman Whitehead Announces LMDC Advisory Councils}}</ref>
===Conferences===
Members of the 9/11 truth organizations, such as 911truth.org and Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice, held meetings and conferences to discuss ongoing research about 9/11 and to strategize about how best to achieve their goals during the early 2000s and 2010s. Many of these conferences are organized by 911truth.org, and some have been covered by the international media.<ref name="nationalpost1">{{cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=2bcf9f07-6407-4b2c-9f4e-7d4a15afcb98&k=46273 |title=Canada National Post: A theory that just won't die |publisher=Canada.com |date=July 28, 2006 |access-date=May 30, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212210153/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=2bcf9f07-6407-4b2c-9f4e-7d4a15afcb98&k=46273 |archive-date=February 12, 2012 |df=mdy}}</ref>
==Opponents==
[[Matt Taibbi]] of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' assessed that the movement "gives supporters of Bush an excuse to dismiss critics of this administration", and expressed concerns about the number of people who believe in 9/11 conspiracy theories.<ref>{{cite web|last=Taibbi |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Taibbi |year=2006 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/11818067/the_low_post_the_hopeless_stupidity_of_911_conspiracies/1 |title=The Low Post: I, Left Gatekeeper |work=Politics |publisher=Rolling Stone |access-date=September 29, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017051120/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/11818067/the_low_post_the_hopeless_stupidity_of_911_conspiracies/1 |archive-date=October 17, 2006 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}</ref>
[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) engineering professor [[Thomas W. Eagar]] was at first unwilling to acknowledge the concerns of the movement, saying that "if (the argument) gets too mainstream, I'll engage in the debate". In response to Steven E. Jones' publication of a hypothesis that the World Trade Center was destroyed by controlled demolition, Eagar said that adherents of the 9/11 truth movement would use the reverse scientific method to arrive at their conclusions, as they "determine what happened, throw out all the data that doesn't fit their conclusion, and then hail their findings as the only possible conclusion".<ref>{{cite web|last=Walch|first=Tad|year=2006|url=https://www.deseret.com/2006/9/11/19973114/controversy-dogs-y-s-jones|title=Controversy dogs Y.'s Jones |work=Utah news |publisher=Deseret News Publishing Company|access-date=December 18, 2020}}</ref>
Calling conspiracy theorists "the truthers", [[Bill Moyers]] has quoted journalist Robert Parry by stating that the theorists "... threw out all the evidence of al-Qaeda's involvement, from contemporaneous calls from hijack victims on the planes to confessions from al-Qaeda leaders both in and out of captivity that they had indeed done it. Then, recycling some of the right's sophistry techniques, such as using long lists of supposed evidence to overcome the lack of any real evidence, the 'truthers' cherry-picked a few supposed 'anomalies' to build an 'inside-job' story line".<ref>{{cite web|last=Moyers|first=Bill|url=http://www.commondreams.org/view/2011/02/15-7|title=Is This a Private Fight or Can Anyone Get In It?|publisher=Common Dreams|access-date=May 30, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628201056/http://www.commondreams.org/view/2011/02/15-7|archive-date=June 28, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Al-Qaeda]] has sharply criticized Iran's ex-president, [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]], over his suggestions that the US government was behind the September 11 attacks, dismissing his comments as "ridiculous".<ref>{{cite news|last=Youssef |first=Maamoun|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/sep/29/al-qaeda-says-irans-911-theory-ridiculous/print/ |title=Al Qaeda says Iran's 9/11 theory 'ridiculous'|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 29, 2011}}</ref>
Some [[scientific skepticism|skeptics]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/eleventhdayfulls0000summ|url-access=registration|title=The Eleventh Day: The Full Story of 9/11|first1=Anthony|last1=Summers|first2=Robbyn|last2=Swan|date=August 14, 2012|publisher=Ballantine Books|isbn=9781400066599|access-date=August 28, 2018|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>—who oppose conspiracy as the ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'' explanation to events, and who find most of the questions posed by the Truthers to be either easily answered<ref>Such as the fall of several buildings besides tower 7, the collapse of tower 7, the elevator shaft fires in the mid floors during the plane crashes, the actually seen free-fall speed, and many other facts in answer to questions. For example, see Myles Power, "Debunking 9/11 conspiracy theorists", a seven part series on [[YouTube]].</ref> or based on misleading or false ideas<ref>The Thermate/Thermite mixup, the vanishing wing of Flight 175 (hidden by a building close by, etc.)</ref>—have suggested that some of the Truthers are knowingly disseminating false information with no care for the grieving families, and have accordingly called them "disrespectful" or even "sickos".<ref>Donald Prothero, "Yet Another Crazy Conspiracy Theory". ''The Skeptic Magazine'', January 2013.</ref>
==Media==
===Books===
*''The Mysterious Collapse of World Trade Center 7: Why the Final Official Report About 9/11 Is Unscientific and False'' (2009) by [[David Ray Griffin]]<ref>{{cite book | last=Griffin | first=D.R. | title=The Mysterious Collapse of World Trade Center 7 | publisher=bookHaus | year=2009 | isbn=978-1-84437-083-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDhucgAACAAJ | access-date=2024-05-07 | page=}}</ref>
*In September 2004, the interactive "Complete 9/11 Timeline" website by Paul Thompson, a collection of mainstream media reports presented chronologically, was made into the book, entitled ''[[The Terror Timeline]]''.<ref name="Knight">{{cite journal|url=http://ngc.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/35/1_103/165.pdf|first=Peter|last=Knight|title=Outrageous Conspiracy Theories: Popular and Official Responses to 9/11 in Germany and the United States|journal=New German Critique|number=1 103|volume=35|year=2008|access-date=June 9, 2009 |doi=10.1215/0094033X-2007-024|page=165}}</ref>
*''The Most Dangerous Book in the World: 9/11 as Mass Ritual'' (2012) by S.K. Bain.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bain |first1=S. K. |title=Most Dangerous Book in the World: 9/11 as Mass Ritual |date=1 September 2012 |publisher=Trine Day |isbn=978-1-937584-19-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TggCBAAAQBAJ |access-date=3 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref> An "investigation into the occult aspects of 9/11"<ref>{{cite web |title=The Most Dangerous Book in the World {{!}} Independent Publishers Group |url=https://www.ipgbook.com/the-most-dangerous-book-in-the-world-products-9781937584177.php |website=www.ipgbook.com |access-date=3 January 2025}}</ref>
===Films===
Films made by people associated with the 9/11 truth movement include:
* ''The Great Conspiracy: The 9/11 News Special You Never Saw'' (2005) by [[Barrie Zwicker]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0462318/reference|title=The Great Conspiracy: The 9/11 News Special You Never Saw (2005)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref>
* ''Martial Law 9/11: Rise of the Police State'' (2005) by [[Alex Jones]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0462415/reference|title=Martial Law 9/11: Rise of the Police State (2005)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref>
* ''[[9/11: Press for Truth]]'' (2006) by Ray Nowosielski<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0867134/reference|title=Press for Truth (2006)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>''[[9/11 Press for Truth]]'' (2006) documents the struggle by the [[Jersey Widows]] to open a full investigation of the events, and their frustration while monitoring the 9/11 Commission as part of the [[9/11 Family Steering Committee|Family Steering Committee]].</ref>
* ''911 Mysteries Part 1: Demolitions'' (2006) by Sofia Shafquat<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0884319/reference|title=911 Mysteries Part 1: Demolitions (Video 2006)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref>
* ''[[Zeitgeist (film series)|Zeitgeist: The Movie]] (part ii)'' (2007) by Peter Joseph
* ''9/11: Blueprint for Truth'' (2007) and updated ''9/11: Blueprint for Truth – The Architecture of Destruction'' (2008)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1791438/reference|title=9/11: Blueprint for Truth – The Architecture of Destruction (2008)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref> by [[Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth|Richard Gage]]
* ''The New American Century'' (2007) by [[Massimo Mazzucco]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5329238/reference|title=The New American Century (Video 2007)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref>
* ''[[Loose Change (film)|Loose Change: An American Coup]]'' (2009) by [[Dylan Avery]]
* ''[[New World Order (film)|New World Order]]'' (2009) by [[Luke Meyer]] and [[Andrew Neel]]<ref>Alex Jones, 9/11 and New World Order conspiracy theorists are the subject of the documentary film New World Order, directed by Luke Meyer and Andrew Neel, that debuted on the Independent Film Channel on May 26, 2009. The documentary, while not endorsing the movement, is described as giving the movement "more sympathetic, or less critical, airing than they've yet had (except among the converted)". {{cite news |last=Ridley |first=Jim |date=May 19, 2009 |title=Doc Hangs with Conspiracy Theorists in New World Order |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2009/05/20/doc-hangs-with-conspiracy-theorists-in-new-world-order/ |work=[[The Village Voice]] |access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Nathan |last=Lee |date=May 26, 2009 |title=Movie Review: 'New World Order': Conspiracy Theorists Examined |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/22/movies/22orde.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''9/11: Explosive Evidence – Experts Speak Out'' (2012) by [[Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2628664/reference|title=9/11: Explosive Evidence – Experts Speak Out (2012)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref>
* ''September 11: The New Pearl Harbor'' (2013), a five-hour documentary by [[Massimo Mazzucco]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3828916/reference|title=September 11: The New Pearl Harbor (2013)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref>
* ''The Anatomy of a Great Deception'' (2014) by David Hooper<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3842468/reference|title=The Anatomy of a Great Deception (2014)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref>
===Articles===
* ''9/11 as False Flag: Why International Law Must Dare to Care'' (2017) by [[Amy Benjamin]], published in the ''[[African Journal of International and Comparative Law]]''<ref>{{cite journal | last=Benjamin | first=Amy Baker | title=9/11 as False Flag: Why International Law Must Dare to Care | journal=African Journal of International and Comparative Law | volume=25 | issue=3 | date=2017-07-26 | doi= 10.3366/ajicl.2017.0200| pages=371–392 | ssrn=3009498 | url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3009498| hdl=10292/10739 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>
== See also ==
{{Portal|United States}}
* ''[[The 28 pages]]''
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|last=Kay|first=Jonathan|year=2011|title=[[Among the Truthers|Among the Truthers: A Journey Through America's Growing Conspiracist Underground]]|publisher=Harper|isbn=978-0-06-200481-9}}
* {{Cite book|last=Summers|first=Anthony|year=2011|title=The Eleventh Day: The Full Story Of 9/11 and Osama Bin Laden|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4000-6659-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/eleventhdayfulls0000summ}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
===Media coverage===
* {{Cite news |last=Asquith |first=Christina |url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1864657,00.html |title=Who really blew up the twin towers? |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |___location=London |date=September 5, 2006 |access-date=April 23, 2010}}
* {{Cite news |last=Barber |first=Peter |date=June 7, 2008 |title=The Truth Is Out There – Part I |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a3e2879e-342c-11dd-869b-0000779fd2ac.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150507015321/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a3e2879e-342c-11dd-869b-0000779fd2ac.html%23axzz3ZPhZwdVs |archive-date=7 May 2015 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |access-date=12 July 2020}}
* {{Cite news |last=Barber |first=Peter |date=June 7, 2008 |title=The Truth Is Out There – Part II |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e46f11d8-342c-11dd-869b-0000779fd2ac.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150507051402/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e46f11d8-342c-11dd-869b-0000779fd2ac.html%23axzz3ZQW62yNV |archive-date=7 May 2015 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |access-date=12 July 2020}}
* {{Cite news |last=Barber |first=Peter |date=June 7, 2008 |title=The Truth Is Out There – Part III |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8a580372-342b-11dd-869b-0000779fd2ac.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150507003421/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8a580372-342b-11dd-869b-0000779fd2ac.html%23axzz3ZPNgh3CX |archive-date=7 May 2015 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |access-date=12 July 2020}}
* {{Cite news |last=Curiel |first=Jonathan |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/09/03/INGR0KRCBA1.DTL |title=The Conspiracy to Rewrite 9/11 |date=September 3, 2006 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle}}
* {{Cite news |last=Fish |first=Stanley |date=August 23, 2010 |title=Truth and Conspiracy in the Catskills |url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/23/truth-and-conspiracy-in-the-catskills/ |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}
* {{Cite news |last=Sales |first=Nancy Jo |date=August 2006 |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/ontheweb/features/2006/08/loosechange200608 |title=Click Here for Conspiracy |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}
* {{Cite news |last1=Swan |first1=Robbyn |last2=Summers |first2=Anthony |date=August 2011 |title=The Kingdom and the Towers |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2011/08/9-11-2011-201108 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}
* {{Cite news |last=Senior |first=Jennifer |date=September 15, 2002 |title=The Memorial Warriors |url=http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/sept11/features/n_7691/index1.html |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=September 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041212004428/http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/sept11/features/n_7691/index1.html |archive-date=December 12, 2004 }}
{{911ct}}
{{September 11 attacks}}
{{Conspiracy theories}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:9 11 Truth movement}}
[[Category:2001 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:9/11 conspiracy theories|Truth movement]]
[[Category:Alex Jones]]
[[Category:Criticism of the official accounts of the September 11 attacks]]
[[Category:Aftermath of the September 11 attacks|Truth movement]]
[[Category:George W. Bush administration controversies]]
[[Category:Groups challenging the official accounts of the September 11 attacks|Truth movement]]
[[Category:Political movements in the United States]]
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