Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods: Difference between revisions
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<!--This subpage supports example edits for different citation methods, only edit here if you think the examples need further technical work.-->
{{redirect|WP:CITEX|information on the general Wikipedia citation guidelines|WP:CITE}}
{{Wikipedia how-to|WP:CITEX}}
This page shows some comparative examples for different citation methods using shortened notes and full length references in footnotes. These show representations of edit mode views, with examples of how the edits would render to the reader.
==Full references in footnotes== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->
===Full references written freehand
This is an edit mode representation showing full references in footnotes written freehand.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->
<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003><cite id=Kummer2003ch8>Kummer, Corby (2003). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC The Joy of Coffee]'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I Caffeine and Decaf], Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, 151–170. ISBN:0618302409 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</cite></ref>
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Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. cit. [[#Kummer2003ch8|Kummer 2003]] p.152</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001). "[http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform]". ''Hypertension'' 38(2):227–231. PMID:11509481 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.
</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson, S. (2001). "[http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency]". ''Medical Hypotheses'' 56(2):163–170. Harcourt Publishers Ltd. DOI:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 PMID:11425281 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[
''Information about Caffeine Dependence''. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007). [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm Caffeine in the diet]. ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia''. The U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
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<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin:1em; padding: 4px">
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{
cite book
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|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC
|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf
|
|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks
|pages = 151–170
|isbn = 0618302409
|
}}</ref>
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|last = Klatsky
|first = Arthur L.
|
|date = 2006
|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes
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|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190
|pmid = 16772246
|
}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{
cite journal
|author = Pereira, Mark A.
|
|year = 2006
|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.
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|pages = 1311–1316
|pmid = 16801515
|
}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{
cite web
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|publisher = New York Times
|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
|
}}</ref>
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{
Line 101 ⟶ 91:
|last = Mahmud
|first = A.
|
|year = 2001
|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform
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|pages = 227–231
|pmid = 11509481
|
}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{
cite journal
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|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133
|pmid = 11425281
|
}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[
cite web
|author
|date = 2004-07-20
|title = A coffee can make you forgetful
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm
|publisher = BBC News
|
}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{
cite journal
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|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0
|pmid = 12204388
|
}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{
cite web
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|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources
|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence
|
}}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{
cite web
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|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine
|
}}</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
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<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{cite book | last = Kummer | first = Corby | year = 2003 | title = The Joy of Coffee | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC | chapter = Caffeine and Decaf |chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks | isbn = 0618302409 | pages = 151–170 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref>
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{cite journal | last = Klatsky | first = Arthur L. |
cite web | last = Bakalar | first = Nicholas | date = 2006-08-15 | title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits | publisher = New York Times | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
|
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Mahmud | first = A. |
== References ==
{{reflist}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
===Rendering for footnote full references
Also, in order to disambiguate the interlinking between the "Kummer 2003" references from earlier examples, the naming of those references has been explicitly set to "DisambiguateKummer".
edit the project page rather than the section if the browser misbehaves here-->
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<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kummer | first = Corby | year = 2003 | title = The Joy of Coffee | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC | chapter = Caffeine and Decaf |
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{cite journal | last = Klatsky | first = Arthur L. |
cite web | last = Bakalar | first = Nicholas | date = 2006-08-15 | title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits | publisher = New York Times | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
|
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152|Ref=DisambiguateKummer}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Mahmud | first = A. |
;References
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<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8>Kummer 2003.</ref>
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky 2006.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira 2006.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar 2006.</ref>
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8 /> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud 2001.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson 2001.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[
== Notes ==
{{reflist|
== References ==
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* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316,
{{refend}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky 2006.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira 2006.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar 2006.</ref>
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8 /> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud 2001.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson 2001.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[
{{Fake heading|Notes}}
{{reflist|
{{Fake heading|References}}
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* Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23
* Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23
* Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, {{PMID
* Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, {{PMID
* Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, {{ISBN
* Lesk, Valerie E.; Womble, Stephen P. (June 2004), "Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System", Behavioral Neuroscience '''118''' (3): 453-461
* Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, {{PMID
* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316, {{PMID
* Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, {{PMID
{{refend}}
</div>
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This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes including wikilinks from the notes to the references written freehand. Note that an editorial choice has been made here to specify the page number range of the cited chapter in the initial "Kummer 2003" Ref, and to specify a specific page number in the second Ref, rather than to re-use a named Ref without specifying page numbers as was done above.
<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] pp.151–170.</ref>
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>[[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>[[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</ref>
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] p.152.</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>[[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>[[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[
== Notes ==
{{reflist|
== References ==
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* {{wikicite |ref=refSmith2002 |reference=Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, PMID 12204388, retrieved 2008-02-23}}
{{refend}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
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This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes including wikilinks from the notes to the references using citations. The body text is the same as the example above (shortened notes with wikilinks to references written freehand). Note how the citations in the references section do not need to be wrapped in the wikicite template however, as the templates all support the reference anchor parameter.
<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] pp.151–170.</ref>
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>[[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>[[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</ref>
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] p.152.</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>[[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>[[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[
== Notes ==
{{reflist|
== References ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web
|ref = refBakalar2006
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|publisher = New York Times
|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
|
}}
*{{cite web
|ref = refBBC2004
|author
|date = 2004-07-20
|title = A coffee can make you forgetful
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm
|publisher = BBC News
|
}}
*{{cite web
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|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine
|
}}
*{{cite web
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|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources
|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence
|
}}
*{{cite journal
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|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133
|pmid = 11425281
|
}}
*{{cite journal
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|last = Klatsky
|first = Arthur L.
|
|date = 2006
|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes
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|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190
|pmid = 16772246
|
}}
*{{cite book
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|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC
|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf
|
|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks
|isbn = 0618302409
|
}}
*{{cite journal
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|last = Mahmud
|first = A.
|
|year = 2001
|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform
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|pages = 227–231
|pmid = 11509481
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|ref = refPereira2006
|author = Pereira, Mark A.
|
|year = 2006
|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.
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|pages = 1311–1316
|pmid = 16801515
|
}}
*{{cite journal
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|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0
|pmid = 12204388
|
}}
{{refend}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
===={{anchor|harvnb}}{{anchor|sfn}}Shortened notes linked with {{tl|sfn}} and citation templates====
This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes written using {{tl|sfn}} with citation templates.<!--i.e., construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work--> Templates in the
A template call like <code><nowiki>{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}}</nowiki></code> is equivalent to <code><nowiki><ref>{{harvnb|Smith|
<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],{{sfn|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}} and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.{{sfn|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}} For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.{{sfn|Bakalar|2006}}
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|p=152}} Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.{{sfn|Mahmud|Feely|2001}} Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],{{sfn|Johnson|2001}} and may be a risk factor for [[
== Notes ==
{{reflist|
== References ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web
|last = Bakalar
|first = Nicholas
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|publisher = New York Times
|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
|
}}
*{{cite web
|last = Lesk
|first = Valerie
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|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm
|publisher = BBC News
|
}}
*{{cite web
|last = Haines
|first = Cynthia Dennison
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|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine
|
}}
*{{cite web
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|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources
|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Johnson
|first = S.
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|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133
|pmid = 11425281
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Klatsky
|first = Arthur L.
|
|year = 2006
|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes
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|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190
|pmid = 16772246
|
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Kummer
|first = Corby
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|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC
|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf
|
|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks
|isbn = 0618302409
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Mahmud
|first = A.
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|pages = 227–231
|pmid = 11509481
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Pereira
|first = Mark A.
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|pages = 1311–1316
|pmid = 16801515
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Smith
|first = A.
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|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0
|pmid = 12204388
|
}}
{{refend}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],{{sfn|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}} and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.{{sfn|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}} For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.{{sfn|Bakalar|2006}}
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|p=152}} Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.{{sfn|Mahmud|Feely|2001}} Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],{{sfn|Johnson|2001}} and may be a risk factor for [[
{{Fake heading|Notes}}
{{reflist|
{{Fake heading|References}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web
|last = Bakalar
|first = Nicholas
Line 647 ⟶ 605:
|publisher = New York Times
|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
|
}}
*{{cite web
|last = Lesk
|first = Valerie
Line 657 ⟶ 614:
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm
|publisher = BBC News
|
}}
*{{cite web
|last = Haines
|first = Cynthia Dennison
Line 668 ⟶ 624:
|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine
|
}}
*{{cite web
Line 677 ⟶ 633:
|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources
|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Johnson
|first = S.
Line 694 ⟶ 649:
|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133
|pmid = 11425281
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Klatsky
|first = Arthur L.
|
|year = 2006
|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes
Line 710 ⟶ 664:
|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190
|pmid = 16772246
|
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Kummer
|first = Corby
Line 720 ⟶ 673:
|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC
|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf
|
|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks
|isbn = 0618302409
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Mahmud
|first = A.
Line 739 ⟶ 691:
|pages = 227–231
|pmid = 11509481
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Pereira
|first = Mark A.
Line 757 ⟶ 708:
|pages = 1311–1316
|pmid = 16801515
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Smith
|first = A.
Line 772 ⟶ 722:
|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0
|pmid = 12204388
|
}}
{{refend}}
</div>
Line 785 ⟶ 735:
==Parenthetical references== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->
This style of citation was a type of referencing used on Wikipedia until September 2020, when a [[Special:PermanentLink/976895063#Deprecate parenthetical citations|community discussion]] reached a consensus to [[deprecation|deprecate]] this format of citation.
Inline [[WP:Parenthetical references|parenthetical references]] are conceptually very much like shortened footnotes, but insert the shortened reference inline into the article body text rather than in a footnote. The advantages are that the source of the reference is shown more clearly, and getting to the full citation takes only one click rather than two with shortened footnotes (one to reach the shortened footnote, a second to reach the full citation). The disadvantage, though, is that the references clutter up the article text, and for this reason, parenthetical references are not nearly as common as shortened footnotes in Wikipedia articles.
===Parenthetical references with references written freehand===
This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references, written freehand. Done this way, there is no linking from the references to the citation, so the user has to manually scroll down to find the citation.
<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption (Kummer 2003, pp. 151–170).
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] (Klatsky 2006), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components (Pereira 2006). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage (Bakalar 2006).
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether (Kummer 2003, p. 152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls (Mahmud 2001). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] (Johnson 2001) and may be a risk factor for [[
== References ==
Line 815 ⟶ 763:
* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316,
{{refend}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] (Klatsky 2006), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components (Pereira 2006). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage (Bakalar 2006).
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether (Kummer 2003, p. 152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls (Mahmud 2001). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] (Johnson 2001) and may be a risk factor for [[
{{Fake heading|References}}
Line 832 ⟶ 780:
* Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23
* Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23
* Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, {{PMID
* Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, {{PMID
* Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, {{ISBN
* Lesk, Valerie E.; Womble, Stephen P. (June 2004), "Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System", Behavioral Neuroscience '''118''' (3): 453-461
* Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, {{PMID
* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316, {{PMID
* Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, {{PMID
{{refend}}
</div>
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===Parenthetical references with wikilinks===
====Parenthetical references with wikilinks to references written freehand====
This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references including wikilinks from the notes to the references written freehand. <div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
<
white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;
white-space: -o-pre-wrap;
Line 854 ⟶ 802:
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] ([#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]]), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components ([[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]]). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage ([[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]]).
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], p.152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls ([[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]]). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] ([[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]]), and may be a risk factor for [[
== References ==
Line 869 ⟶ 817:
* {{wikicite |ref=refSmith2002 |reference=Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, PMID 12204388, retrieved 2008-02-23}}
{{refend}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
====Parenthetical references with wikilinks using citation templates====
This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references including wikilinks from the notes to the references using citations. The body text is the same as the example above (parenthetical references with wikilinks to references written freehand). Note how the citations in the references section do not need to be wrapped in the wikicite template however, as the templates all support the reference anchor parameter.
<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], pp.151–170).
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] ([#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]]), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components ([[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]]). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage ([[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]]).
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], p.152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls ([[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]]). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] ([[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]]), and may be a risk factor for [[
== References ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web
|ref = refBakalar2006
Line 896 ⟶ 840:
|publisher = New York Times
|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
|
}}
*{{cite web
|ref = refBBC2004
|author
|date = 2004-07-20
|title = A coffee can make you forgetful
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm
|publisher = BBC News
|
}}
*{{cite web
Line 916 ⟶ 859:
|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine
|
}}
*{{cite web
Line 925 ⟶ 868:
|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources
|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence
|
}}
*{{cite journal
Line 941 ⟶ 884:
|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133
|pmid = 11425281
|
}}
*{{cite journal
Line 947 ⟶ 890:
|last = Klatsky
|first = Arthur L.
|
|date = 2006
|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes
Line 957 ⟶ 900:
|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190
|pmid = 16772246
|
}}
*{{cite book
Line 966 ⟶ 909:
|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC
|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf
|
|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks
|isbn = 0618302409
|
}}
*{{cite journal
Line 975 ⟶ 918:
|last = Mahmud
|first = A.
|
|year = 2001
|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform
Line 984 ⟶ 927:
|pages = 227–231
|pmid = 11509481
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|ref = refPereira2006
|author = Pereira, Mark A.
|
|year = 2006
|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.
Line 998 ⟶ 941:
|pages = 1311–1316
|pmid = 16801515
|
}}
*{{cite journal
Line 1,012 ⟶ 955:
|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0
|pmid = 12204388
|
}}
{{refend}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
===={{anchor|harv}}Parenthetical references linked with {{tl|harv}} and citation templates====
This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references written using {{tl|harv}} with citation templates.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work--> Templates in the
Alternatives to {{tl|harv}} are:
Line 1,028 ⟶ 971:
<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption {{harv|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}.
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] {{harv|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}}, and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components {{harv|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}}. For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage {{harv|Bakalar|2006}}.
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether {{harv|Kummer|2003|p=152}}. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls {{harv|Mahmud|Feely|2001}}. Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] {{harv|Johnson|2001}}, and may be a risk factor for [[
== References ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web
|last = Bakalar
|first = Nicholas
Line 1,049 ⟶ 987:
|publisher = New York Times
|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
|
}}
*{{cite web
|last = Lesk
|first = Valerie
Line 1,059 ⟶ 996:
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm
|publisher = BBC News
|
}}
*{{cite web
|last = Haines
|first = Cynthia Dennison
Line 1,070 ⟶ 1,006:
|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine
|
}}
*{{cite web
Line 1,079 ⟶ 1,015:
|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources
|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Johnson
|first = S.
Line 1,096 ⟶ 1,031:
|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133
|pmid = 11425281
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Klatsky
|first = Arthur L.
|
|year = 2006
|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes
Line 1,112 ⟶ 1,046:
|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190
|pmid = 16772246
|
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Kummer
|first = Corby
Line 1,122 ⟶ 1,055:
|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC
|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf
|
|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks
|isbn = 0618302409
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Mahmud
|first = A.
Line 1,141 ⟶ 1,073:
|pages = 227–231
|pmid = 11509481
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Pereira
|first = Mark A.
Line 1,159 ⟶ 1,090:
|pages = 1311–1316
|pmid = 16801515
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Smith
|first = A.
Line 1,174 ⟶ 1,104:
|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0
|pmid = 12204388
|
}}
{{refend}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</div>
Line 1,188 ⟶ 1,118:
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption {{harv|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}.
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] {{harv|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}}, and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components {{harv|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}}. For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage {{harv|Bakalar|2006}}.
Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether {{harv|Kummer|2003|p=152}}. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls {{harv|Mahmud|Feely|2001}}. Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] {{harv|Johnson|2001}}, and may be a risk factor for [[
{{Fake heading|References}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web
|ref = refBakalar2006
Line 1,202 ⟶ 1,132:
|publisher = New York Times
|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
|
}}
*{{cite web
|ref = refBBC2004
|author
|date = 2004-07-20
|title = A coffee can make you forgetful
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm
|publisher = BBC News
|
}}
*{{cite web
Line 1,222 ⟶ 1,151:
|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine
|
}}
*{{cite web
Line 1,231 ⟶ 1,160:
|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources
|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence
|
}}
*{{cite journal
Line 1,247 ⟶ 1,176:
|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133
|pmid = 11425281
|
}}
*{{cite journal
Line 1,253 ⟶ 1,182:
|last = Klatsky
|first = Arthur L.
|
|date = 2006
|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes
Line 1,263 ⟶ 1,192:
|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190
|pmid = 16772246
|
}}
*{{cite book
Line 1,272 ⟶ 1,201:
|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC
|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf
|
|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks
|isbn = 0618302409
|
}}
*{{cite journal
Line 1,281 ⟶ 1,210:
|last = Mahmud
|first = A.
|
|year = 2001
|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform
Line 1,290 ⟶ 1,219:
|pages = 227–231
|pmid = 11509481
|
}}
*{{cite journal
|ref = refPereira2006
|author = Pereira, Mark A.
|
|year = 2006
|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.
Line 1,304 ⟶ 1,233:
|pages = 1311–1316
|pmid = 16801515
|
}}
*{{cite journal
Line 1,318 ⟶ 1,247:
|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0
|pmid = 12204388
|
}}
{{refend}}
</div>
| |||