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{{Short description|Province of Turkey}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox Turkey place
| type = province
| name =
| other_name = Adeyaman ili
| image_skyline = Mount Nemrut - East Terrace (4961323529).jpg
| image_caption = [[Mount Nemrut]]
| image_shield =
| image_map = Adiyaman in Turkey.svg
| map_caption = Location of the province within Turkey
| coordinates =
| seat = [[Adıyaman]]
| leader_party =
| leader_name = Osman Varol
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 7337
|leader_title=[[Governor of Adıyaman|Governor]]| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/>
| population_total = 635169
| population_as_of = 2022
| website = {{URL|http://www.adiyaman.gov.tr/}}
| area_code = 0416
}}
'''Adıyaman Province''' ({{langx|tr|Adıyaman ili}}, {{langx|ku-Latn|Parêzgeha Semsûr}})<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://peyamakurd.org/kurmanci/Kurdistan/parezgeha-semsure-cun-u-hatina-bajer-qedexe-kir|title=Parêzgeha Semsûrê çûn û hatina bajêr qedexe kir|date=2 April 2020|work=Peyama Kurd|access-date=27 April 2020|language=ku|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120123946/https://peyamakurd.org/kurmanci/Kurdistan/parezgeha-semsure-cun-u-hatina-bajer-qedexe-kir|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a [[Provinces of Turkey|province]] in the [[Southeastern Anatolia Region]] of [[Turkey]]. The capital is [[Adıyaman]]. Its area is 7,337 km<sup>2</sup>,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx|title=İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri|publisher=General Directorate of Mapping|access-date=19 September 2023}}</ref> and its population is 635,169 (2022).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=19 September 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref> The province is considered part of [[Turkish Kurdistan]] and has a [[Kurds|Kurdish]] majority.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |date=2002 |title=Kurds, Kurdistān |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/kurds-kurdistan-COM_0544?s.num=167&s.start=100 |journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |isbn=9789004161214}}</ref>
Adıyaman Province was part of the province of [[Malatya]] until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning [[Democrat Party (Turkey, historical)|Democratic Party]] in the [[1954 Turkish general election|1954 general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adıyaman Tarihi|url=http://www.adiyaman.gov.tr/adiyaman-tarihi|access-date=8 December 2020|language=tr}}</ref>
== History ==
=== Early Armenian rule ===
[[Armenians|Armenian]] existence in Adıyaman dates back to the 4th century, where they were known as 'fire worshippers'. Armenians lived in the area when [[Islam|Muslim Arabs]] captured the area in 639. The [[Arabs]] considered the city as part of [[Sasanian Armenia|Armenia]] and experienced immigration from [[Byzantine Armenia]] due to [[Byzantine]] oppression in 713. The city came under [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk rule]] after the [[Battle of Manzikert]] in 1071 and the local [[Armenians]] established [[Principality|principalities]] in the area. One of these principalities was founded by [[Philaretos Brachamios]] who tried to protect the land between the [[Seljuks|Seljuk]] and the [[Byzantine]]. After his death, the region came under control of various chieftains such as [[Kogh Vasil]] and [[Constantine of Gargar]].{{sfn|Beihammer|2017|p=42}} The region around Gargar and the [[Mor Bar Sauma Monastery]] became a particular base of power for local chiefs of Syrian and Armenian origin.{{sfn|MacEvitt|2010|p=293}}
The Armenians had good relations with the European [[Crusader states]], but the Crusader [[County of Edessa]] would advance against the Armenians in Adıyaman. Political leaders in Adıyaman were also victims of assassinations by Edessa. The wife of [[Kogh Vasil]] founded an army to protect the area from Edessa as well, but Edessa ultimately captured the area. Close relations between the Armenians and the [[Crusader states]], however, continued until [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur ad-Din]] [[Battle of Aintab|captured the area]] in 1150. The area came under the rule of [[Husam al-Din Timurtash|Timurtash]] of the [[Artuqids]] for his support for Nur ad-Din and later the [[Seljuks]] from the beginning of the 13th century. The locals failed at removing the rulership of [[Kilij Arslan II]] during the late 12th century. In the subsequent period, the area was fought over between the [[Mamluk Sultanate]] and the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]], changing hands between the two until it finally came under permanent [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] control.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Dalyan|first=Murat Gökhan|title=A Glance at the History of Armenians in Adıyaman|url=https://turksandarmenians.marmara.edu.tr/en/a-glance-at-the-history-of-armenians-in-adiyaman/|access-date=19 April 2021|website=[[Marmara University]] |date=17 September 2015 }}</ref>
=== Ottoman rule ===
[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Sultan [[Selim I]] captured the area during the [[Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)|Ottoman–Mamluk War]] in 1516–1517. In the first [[defter]] of the area in 1519, it was mentioned that the [[Kurds|Kurdish]] [[Reşwan (tribe)|Reşwan]] tribe populated the area. Documents from 1524 and 1536 also contain records of the Reşwan tribe living in the area. The tribe was engaged in agriculture after having had a nomadic lifestyle.<ref name="suatdede">{{cite journal|last1=Dede|first1=Suat|date=December 2011|title=From nomadism to sedentary life in Central Anatolia: The case of the Risvan tribe (1830–1932)|url=http://www.thesis.bilkent.edu.tr/0005059.pdf|journal=Bilkent University School of Economics and Social Sciences|pages=20–21 & 68|accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref>
[[Evliya Çelebi]] visited the city in the 17th century and described the agricultural life.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Arslan|first=Ramazan|date=2010|title=XIX. Yüzyılda Adıyaman'da Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapı|url=https://birimler.dpu.edu.tr/app/views/panel/ckfinder/userfiles/17/files/DERG_/26-1/288-301.pdf|journal=Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi|language=tr|publisher=[[Kütahya Dumlupınar University]]|issue=26|page=5}}</ref>
At the beginning of the 19th century, most Armenians lived near the castle of Adıyaman city and mostly made their living through shop keeping and trading. In the villages, they were involved in [[agriculture]] and [[animal husbandry]]. The local Armenians welcomed American missionaries approaching them during the 19th century at first, but prevented them from converted them later on. Some of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Gregorian Armenians]] did however convert to Protestantism and the missionaries ultimately divided the local Armenian community. [[William Francis Ainsworth|Ainsworth]] visited the town of Adıyaman in the 1842 and mentioned that the town contained 800 Muslim households and 300 Armenian households and that it had several [[mosque]]s but no [[Church (building)|churches]]. After his visit to the town, he visited the Kurdish village of Kerkunah in the outskirts and afterwards [[Kâhta]], where he mentioned that a Kurdish rebellion was taking place.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ainsworth|first=W. F.|title=Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea, and Armenia|year=1842|volume=I|pages=267–271}}</ref> Most of the rural areas spoke [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] in 1882, while [[Turkish language|Turkish]] was prevalent in Adıyaman town.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Arslan|first=Ramazan|date=2010|title=XIX. Yüzyılda Adıyaman'da Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapı|url=https://birimler.dpu.edu.tr/app/views/panel/ckfinder/userfiles/17/files/DERG_/26-1/288-301.pdf|journal=Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi|language=tr|publisher=[[Kütahya Dumlupınar University]]|issue=26|page=4}}</ref>
[[Armenian nationalism]] increased among the Armenians by the end of the century and most of the Armenian population fell victim to the [[Armenian genocide]] in 1915. There are, however, still some Armenians around [[Kâhta]].<ref name=":1" />
The area was part of [[Mamuret-ul-Aziz Vilayet]] as Behisni, Hasanmansur and Kahta districts. These three districts had a total population of 99,439 in 1914 of which {{Percentage|92870|99439|1}} was Muslim and {{Percentage|6560|99439|1}} Christian.<ref name="1914data" >{{Cite book|last=Karpat|first=Kemal|title=Ottoman population 1830-1914|publisher=[[The University of Wisconsin Press]]|year=1982|isbn=9780299091606|pages=146}}</ref>
=== Republican era ===
The names of 224 villages in Adiyaman Province was [[Geographical name changes in Turkey#Kurdish and Zazaki|Turkified]] as part of the campaign to remove any mention of Kurdishness in the country.<ref name="Tuncel">{{cite journal|last=Tuncel|first=Harun|year=2000|title=Türkiye'de İsmi Değiştirilen Köyler English: Renamed Villages in Turkey|url=http://cografya.bilecik.edu.tr/Dosya/Arsiv/Harun%20Tun%C3%A7el%20Makaleler/T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99de%20%C4%B0smi%20De%C4%9Fi%C5%9Ftirilen%20K%C3%B6yler.pdf|url-status=dead|journal=Fırat University Journal of Social Science|language=tr|volume=10|issue=2|page=28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114102054/http://cografya.bilecik.edu.tr/Dosya/Arsiv/Harun%20Tun%C3%A7el%20Makaleler/T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99de%20%C4%B0smi%20De%C4%9Fi%C5%9Ftirilen%20K%C3%B6yler.pdf|archive-date=14 November 2013|access-date=13 January 2013}}</ref> In 1932, the whole region was chiefly populated by Kurds.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Oriental Institute Communications: Tell Asmar and Khafaje: The First Season's Work in Eshnunna 1930/31|publisher=[[Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago]]|year=1932|volume=13–19|pages=129}}</ref> The province had a population of 208,755 in 1955 of which {{Percentage|208283|208755|1}} adhered to [[Islam]] and {{Percentage|343|208755|1}} to [[Christianity]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Dündar|first=Fuat|title=Türkiye nüfus sayımlarında azınlıklar|date=2000|language=tr|isbn=9789758086771|page=202 |publisher=Civiyazilari }}</ref> In 1960, the province had a population of 233,717 of which {{Percentage|233001|233717|1}} was Muslim and {{Percentage|695|233717|1}} Christian.<ref>{{Citation|last=Dündar|first=Fuat|title=Türkiye nüfus sayımlarında azınlıklar|date=2000|language=tr|isbn=9789758086771|page=211 |publisher=Civiyazilari }}</ref> In 1965, the population increased to 267,277 of which {{Percentage|266826|267288|1}} was Muslim and {{Percentage|401|267288|1}} Christian.<ref>{{Citation|last=Dündar|first=Fuat|title=Türkiye nüfus sayımlarında azınlıklar|date=2000|language=tr|isbn=9789758086771|page=222 |publisher=Civiyazilari }}</ref> The Turkish authorities put the province under [[State of emergency]] ([[OHAL]]) in the early 1990s as part of the [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Kurdish–Turkish conflict]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yavuz|first=Hakan|date=2001|title=Five stages of the construction of Kurdish nationalism in Turkey|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13537110108428635|journal=Nationalism and Ethnic Politics|volume=7|issue=3|pages=1–24|doi=10.1080/13537110108428635|s2cid=144320678}}</ref>
In 2023, [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes|7.8 and 7.5 magnitude earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş]] also affected Adıyaman.
==Geography==
[[File:Adıyaman ___location districts.png|320px|thumb|left]]
The province consists of the districts [[Adıyaman District|Adıyaman]] (center district), [[Besni District|Besni]], [[Çelikhan District|Çelikhan]], [[Gerger District|Gerger]], [[Gölbaşı District, Adıyaman|Gölbaşı]], [[Kâhta District|Kâhta]], [[Samsat District|Samsat]], [[Sincik District|Sincik]] and [[Tut District|Tut]].
== Demographics ==
{| class="toccolours" style="clear: right; float: right; border-spacing: 0; margin-left: 1em;"
| style="padding-right:0.2em" |
{{Historical populations
| title = Population
| percentages = pagr
|source = Population censuses (1914-2000)<ref name="1914data" /><ref>{{citation |last1=Kopar |first1=Metin |title=Adıyaman in The State Annuals Of Turkish Republic (1925-1930) |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/333551 |access-date=22 April 2021 |journal=Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi |date=2017 |page=185 |language=tr}}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1935">{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015544.pdf | title = 1935 General Census | date = 1935 | publisher = [[Turkish Statistical Institute]] | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220810115704/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015544.pdf | archive-date = 10 August 2022 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1950">{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015040.pdf | title = 1950 General Census | date = 1950 | publisher = [[Turkish Statistical Institute]] | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220120213736/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015040.pdf | archive-date = 20 January 2022 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1960">{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015128.pdf | title = 1960 General Census | date = 1960 | publisher = [[Turkish Statistical Institute]] | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220705173824/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015128.pdf | archive-date = 5 July 2022 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1970">{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015363.pdf | title = 1970 General Census | date = 1970 | publisher = [[Turkish Statistical Institute]] | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220810121207/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015363.pdf | archive-date = 10 August 2022 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1980">{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015840.pdf | title = 1980 General Census | date = 1980 | publisher = [[Turkish Statistical Institute]] | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220617101828/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015840.pdf | archive-date = 17 June 2022 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1990">{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013349.pdf | title = 1990 General Census | date = 1991 | publisher = [[Turkish Statistical Institute]] | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210831205734/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013349.pdf | archive-date = 31 August 2021 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK2000">{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014732.pdf | title = 2000 Census of Population| date = 2003 | publisher = [[Turkish Statistical Institute]] | language = en,tr | access-date = 29 June 2023}}</ref> and TÜIK (2010-2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |title=Population of SRE-1, SRE-2, Provinces and Districts|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute|TÜIK]] |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|1914| 99,439
|1923| 77,819
|1935| 126,460
|1950| 181,670
|1960| 233,717
|1970| 303,511
|1980| 367,595
|1990| 513,131
|2000| 623,811
|2010|590935
|2020|632459
|2022|635169}}
|}
Out of the 339 villages in the province, 296 are populated by Kurds while the remaining 43 are populated by Turks. In terms of religious affiliation, 293 of the villages have an Hanafi population, 80 villages with an Alevi population and two villages are reported to having a [[Shafiʽi school|Shafi'i]] population.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey|year=1989|editor-last=Peter Alfred|editor-first=Andrews|pages=179|editor2-last=Benninghaus|editor2-first=Rüdiger}}</ref>
The majority of the population is [[Hanafi]] [[Kurds|Kurdish]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2002|title=Kurds, Kurdistān|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/kurds-kurdistan-COM_0544?s.num=167&s.start=100|journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition=2|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]]|isbn=9789004161214}}</ref>{{sfnp|Turkish state|2014|pp=13–35}} with a significant [[Kurdish Alevism|Kurdish Alevi]] population.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yalçın|first=Kemal|title=Sari gyalin|publisher=Birzamanlar Yayincilik|year=2004|isbn=9789756158050|pages=157}}</ref> One estimate from 2014 places the Alevi population at 11%.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rençber|first=Fevzi|date=2014|title=Adıyaman Alevilerinin Coğrafi Dağılımları ve Demografik Yapısı|url=http://www.emakalat.com/tr/download/article-file/63752|journal=Mezhep Araştırmaları|language=tr|page=15}}</ref> The province is generally more [[Piety|pious]] than other Kurdish areas in Turkey<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pamuk|first=Humeyra|date=15 October 2015|title=Small Turkish town haunted by lost sons, hand of Islamic State|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/turkey-explosion-town/small-turkish-town-haunted-by-lost-sons-hand-of-islamic-state-idUSL8N12F4K320151015}}</ref> and has been a hotspot for radicalization and [[Islamism]] in recent years (see [[Dokumacılar]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yavuz|first1=M. Hakan|last2=Ali Özcan|first2=Nihat|date=2015|title=Turkish Democracy and the Kurdish Question|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mepo.12159|journal=[[Middle East Policy]]|volume=22|issue=4|pages=73–87|doi=10.1111/mepo.12159|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Historian Şahidin Şimşek argued that Hanafi adherents in the province had been manipulated by the state to believe that [[Kurdish nationalism]] equated to Alevism. Another theory points at the poverty in the province.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bozarslan|first=Murat|date=23 July 2015|title=The Islamic State's secret recruiting ground in Turkey|work=[[Al-Monitor]]|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/07/turkey-adiyaman-isis-connection-suruc-bombing.html#ixzz6izJ4z7TA|access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref>
The Kurdish tribes in the province include the Alikan, Atman, Balyan, Belikan tribe, Bêzikan, Birîmşa, Bîstikan, Canbegan, Celikan, Dêrsimî, Dirêjan, Gewozî, Hevêdan, Heyderan, Hûriyan, Izol, Kawan, Kerdizan, Kîkan, Kirvar, Mirdesan, Molikan, Mukriyan, Pîrvan, Reşwan, Şavak,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Kültürel Kimliklerin Çeşitliliği Bağlamında Özgün Bir Örnek: Şavak Aşireti |journal=Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Antropoloji Dergisi. |date=2013 |volume=26 |pages=129–156 |url=https://www.academia.edu/4482338 |access-date=11 May 2020 |publisher=[[Ankara University]] |language=tr}}</ref> Sinemilli, Sînanka, [[Şêxbizin (tribe)|Şêxbizin]] and the Teşikan tribe.<ref>{{cite book |last=Oncu |first=Mehmet |title=Ferhenga devoka herêma Semsûrê |year=2019 |publication-date=2019 |publisher=Sîtav |pages=20–326|isbn=9786057920607}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Aşiretler raporu |publisher=Kaynak Yayınları |year=1998 |pages=21–34 |language=tr}}</ref>
The Alevis of the western districts of [[Besni]], [[Gölbaşı, Adıyaman|Gölbaşı]] and [[Tut, Turkey|Tut]] are Turkmen and Kurdish.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 March 2017|title=Adıyaman Alevilerine kısa bir bakış|language=tr|work=Alevi Net|url=https://alevinet12.com/2017/03/16/adiyaman-alevilerine-kisa-bir-bakis/}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{Citation|last=Akdağ|first=Zekî|title=Çîrokên gelêrî yên Kurdan : (Herêma Semsûr û Rihayê)|publisher=Weşanên Enstîtuya Kurdî ya Stenbolê|year=2016|isbn=9789756282694|___location=[[Istanbul]]|language=ku}}
* {{cite book |last1=Beihammer |first1=Alexander Daniel |title=Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040-1130 |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-22959-4}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Çiftçi|first=Tekin|date=2019|title=Kürt Halk Hekimliği, Tedavi Yöntemleri ve Ocaklık Kültürü: Adıyaman Örneği|journal=Bingöl Üniversitesi Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Dergisi|volume=5|issue=10|language=tr|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/955511}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Çiftçi|first=Tekin|date=2020|title=An Analysis of Adiyaman's Compilation of Kurdish Orally Transmitted Folktales Utilizing the Methodology of Russian Formalist Literary Criticism: The Folktale Gurrî û Hûtê Kor|journal=International Journal of Kurdish Studies|volume=6|issue=1|pages=187–201|doi=10.21600/ijoks.749827|language=tr|doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Güzel|first1=Şerif|date=2018|title=Fonetîka devoka Semûrê|journal=Humanities Journal of University of Zakho|volume=6|issue=10.26436/2018.6.1.559|doi=10.21600/ijoks.749827|url=http://hjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/hum/article/view/293/234|last2=Alti|first2=Zafer|language=ku|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite book |author=Turkish state |title=Aşiretler Raporu |date=2014 |edition=3 |publisher=Kaynak Yayınları |language=tr |pages=13–35 |isbn=978-975-343-220-7}}
* {{cite book |last1=MacEvitt |first1=Christopher |title=The Crusades and the Christian World of the East: Rough Tolerance |date=24 November 2010 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-0269-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6RNqI0uikC |access-date=26 February 2024 |language=en}}
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Districts of Turkey|provname=Adıyaman}}
{{Provinces of Turkey}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|37|48|02|N|38|18|19|E|region:TR-02_type:adm1st|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adiyaman Province}}
[[Category:Adıyaman Province| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of Turkey]]
[[Category:Turkish Kurdistan]]
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