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{{Short description|Nintendo 64 video game}}
{{About|the Nintendo 64 video game}}
{{Featured article}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}{{EngvarB|date=February 2015}}
| title = Perfect Dark
| image = Perfect dark box.jpg
| alt = The face of a woman holding a gun occupies a black background while a grey alien is reflected on her right eye. At the top of the image, the title "Perfect Dark" is displayed with a double slash symbol after the word "Dark". Game specifications are shown on the right side of the image.
| caption = North American box art
| developer = [[Rare (company)|Rare]]
| publisher = Rare
| series = [[Perfect Dark (series)|''Perfect Dark'']]
| designer = {{ubl|[[Duncan Botwood]]|[[David Doak]]}}
| programmer = Mark Edmonds
| composer = {{ubl|[[Grant Kirkhope]]|[[Graeme Norgate]]|David Clynick}}
| platforms = [[Nintendo 64]]
| released = {{vgr|NA|22 May 2000|EU|30 June 2000|JP|21 October 2000}}
| genre = [[First-person shooter]], [[Stealth game|stealth]]
| modes = [[Single-player]], [[multiplayer]]
}}
'''''Perfect Dark''''' is a 2000 [[first-person shooter]] developed and published by [[Rare (company)|Rare]] for the [[Nintendo 64]]. The first game of the ''[[Perfect Dark (series)|Perfect Dark]]'' series, it follows [[Joanna Dark]], an agent of the Carrington Institute research centre, as she attempts to stop an extraterrestrial conspiracy by rival corporation dataDyne. The game features a [[Campaign setting|campaign]] mode where the player must complete a series of [[Level (video games)|levels]] to progress through the story, as well as a range of [[multiplayer video game|multiplayer]] options, including a [[Cooperative video game|co-operative]] mode and traditional [[Deathmatch (video games)|deathmatch]] settings with computer-controlled [[Video game bot|bots]].
As a [[spiritual successor]] to Rare's 1997 first-person shooter ''[[GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)|GoldenEye 007]]'', ''Perfect Dark'' shares many features with its predecessor and runs on an upgraded version of its [[game engine]]. ''GoldenEye 007'' director [[Martin Hollis (video game designer)|Martin Hollis]] led the game's production for the first fourteen months of its near three-year development cycle before he left Rare to start [[Free Radical Design]]. The game is one of the most technically-advanced titles for the Nintendo 64, and requires an [[Nintendo 64 accessories#Expansion Pak|Expansion Pak]] to access the campaign mode and most of the multiplayer features. Shortly before the game's release, a feature that would have allowed players to place a photograph of their choice onto the face of their multiplayer [[Player character|character]] was cut due to sensitivity issues surrounding the ability for players to attack images of real people.
Upon release, ''Perfect Dark'' received critical acclaim and sold relatively well, eventually joining Nintendo's "[[Nintendo Selects|Player's Choice]]" game selection. Critics widely praised its graphics, [[Artificial intelligence in video games|artificial intelligence]], and number of multiplayer options, but some criticised its inconsistent [[frame rate]]. The game received the [[BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Awards|BAFTA Interactive Entertainment]] Moving Images Award for 2000 and the [[Golden Satellite Award]] for Best Interactive Product in 2001. The game is occasionally cited as one of the [[List of video games considered the best|greatest games of all time]]. It was supplemented by a [[Perfect Dark (Game Boy Color video game)|Game Boy Color counterpart]], which allows some gameplay options to alternatively be unlocked via a [[Transfer Pak]]. A [[remaster]], also titled ''[[Perfect Dark (2010 video game)|Perfect Dark]]'', which was developed by [[4J Studios]] and published by [[Xbox Game Studios|Microsoft Game Studios]], as well as featuring enhanced graphics and online multiplayer, was released in 2010 for the [[Xbox 360]] via its [[Xbox Live Arcade]] download service. The game was re-released on the [[Nintendo Classics]] service via the Mature 17+ app in June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Dalton |date=2024-06-18 |title=Surprise Nintendo Switch Online Update Adding 4 Classic Games |url=https://gamerant.com/nintendo-switch-online-new-games-june-2024-metroid-zelda-perfect-dark/ |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=Game Rant |language=en}}</ref> A reboot, also titled ''[[Perfect Dark (upcoming video game)|Perfect Dark]]'', is being developed by [[The Initiative (company)|The Initiative]].<ref name="Reboot announcement"/>
==Gameplay==
''Perfect Dark'' is a [[first-person shooter]] where players complete [[Level (video games)|levels]] to unlock content and progress through the game's storyline.<ref name="IGN review"/> Players manoeuvre their [[player character|character]] from a [[First-person (gaming)|first-person]] perspective and have the ability to lean left or right, look up or down, crouch, crawl, and drop from most ledges;<ref name="ONPG controls"/> there is no jump ability.<ref name="N64 review"/> Interaction with the environment is via a single [[Context-sensitive user interface|context-sensitive]] button, which can activate computers, operate lifts, and open doors.<ref name="ONPG controls"/> Players can carry an unlimited number of weapons, ranging from handguns to assault rifles, rocket launchers, a shotgun, a sniper rifle, and combat knives.<ref name="ONPG weapons"/> Besides their primary mode of fire, weapons have a secondary function that enables an alternate fire mode or grants players special abilities.<ref name="N64 review"/> For example, the secondary function of the K7 Avenger assault rifle detects threats like explosive devices.<ref name="ONPG weapons"/> Most weapons have a finite [[magazine (firearms)|magazine]] and must be reloaded after a certain number of shots.<ref name="ONPG controls"/> Some can be used [[Dual wield|in duplicate]], one in each hand.<ref name="ONPG weapons"/>
Players have a certain amount of [[Health (gaming)|health]] which decreases when attacked by opponents. Although the game does not feature health recovery items, players can pick up shields that protect them with a secondary health bar.<ref name="IGN Guide basics"/> Players and opponents can disarm each other at close range, and players may use this feature to steal weapons or knock foes unconscious.<ref name="ONPG weapons"/> Damage taken during combat is ___location-based, with a shot to the torso causing more damage than a shot to a limb.<ref name="GSpot Guide enemies"/> A number of tutorials and training activities can be taken in the game's [[home level]].<ref name="N64 review"/> The most notable of these is the [[shooting range]], where players can test their proficiency with the game's weapons in individual challenges.<ref name="ONPG training"/> In addition to training activities, players can find information about the game's locations and characters, which are gradually unlocked as they complete levels.<ref name="ONPG training"/>
===
[[File:Perfect Dark Gameplay.jpg|left|thumb|In this level, the player is aiming at an opponent. The game's [[HUD (video games)|HUD]] at the bottom right corner shows the player's remaining ammunition and the weapon's selected function.|alt=A long corridor with columns and girders on the right side. An opponent is standing in the distance. A hand holding a weapon and graphics symbols representing ammunition are seen at the bottom right corner.]]
''Perfect Dark'' features a [[Campaign setting|campaign]] mode where a single player controls the game's protagonist, [[Joanna Dark]], through a series of levels collected together into missions.<ref name="N64 review"/> In each level, the player must complete a set of objectives while opponents controlled by the game's artificial intelligence try to hinder the player's progress.<ref name="ONPG missions"/> Objectives generally require the recovery and use of high-tech gadgets like [[Night-vision device|night-vision goggles]] or door decoders.<ref name="N64 review"/> The player has freedom as to how to approach encounters and many objectives can be completed in a [[Nonlinear gameplay|nonlinear]] order.<ref name="Edge review"/> [[Stealth game|Stealth]] is an important element of the gameplay because the player can kill opponents without being seen or remain undetected by using disguises.<ref name="ONPG controls"/><ref name="N64 review"/> If Joanna fails an objective or her health is fully depleted, the player must start the level again from the beginning.<ref name="ONPG missions"/>
Each level can be played on three distinct difficulty settings.<ref name="ONPG missions"/> These affect aspects such as the number of objectives that must be completed, damage taken from opponents, the effectiveness of the game's optional aiming assistance, and the availability of ammunition and protective shields.<ref name="IGN Guide walkthrough"/> Four bonus levels may be unlocked by completing the campaign on each difficulty setting and all the challenges in the firing range.<ref name="IGN Guide assignments"/> Some of these bonus levels allow the player to assume the role of a different character.<ref name="N64 review"/> If all the levels have been completed on the highest difficulty, an additional setting becomes available, allowing the player to customise various aspects of the game's opponents, such as their health, aiming accuracy, and the damage they inflict.<ref name="IGN Guide walkthrough"/> The player may unlock [[Cheating in video games|cheats]] by completing levels within a certain time limit.<ref name="N64 review"/>
The campaign includes a [[Cooperative video game|co-operative]] mode, allowing either two players, or one player and up to four computer-controlled [[Video game bot|bots]], to tackle a level together.<ref name="ONPG missions"/> If two players play, the game [[Split screen (video games)|splits the screen]] horizontally or vertically.<ref name="Manual starting"/> Options such as [[friendly fire]] can be disabled and only one player is required to survive a level.<ref name="ONPG missions"/> A "Counter-Operative" mode is included, allowing one player to play a level as Joanna while another takes the role of an opponent while attempting to stop her.<ref name="NGen review"/> The player-controlled opponent has less health than Joanna but will reappear as another opponent when defeated. The opposing player may choose to take control of another opponent at any time by swallowing a suicide pill.<ref name="ONPG missions"/>
===Multiplayer===
''Perfect Dark'' features a [[multiplayer video game|multiplayer]] mode where up to four players and eight computer-controlled bots can compete against each other in different arenas.<ref name="NGen review"/> A split-screen is used for multiple players. Players start a game unarmed and with a certain amount of health. Weapons and ammunition are placed around the arena in preset positions. Once a player is killed, they are regenerated unarmed elsewhere in the arena. The objective of each game is determined by the scenario being played.<ref name="ONPG prepare"/> Scenarios range from the traditional [[Deathmatch (video games)|deathmatch]] mode, where players score points by killing opponents, to objective-based modes such as [[Capture the Flag]] and [[King of the Hill (game)|King of the Hill]].<ref name="ONPG prepare"/> Other scenarios include Hold the Briefcase, where players must take a briefcase and survive with it for as long as possible, and Hacker Central, a game type where players score points by hacking a computer system using a data uplink device.<ref name="ONPG prepare"/>
Aspects of a multiplayer game can be highly customised,<ref name="GSpot review"/> including the chosen arena, the winning conditions, and the ability to choose what weapons and items appear where in the arena.<ref name="ONPG prepare"/> Players can be grouped into teams or compete individually, and they can optionally be shown coloured according to their team.<ref name="ONPG prepare"/> The appearance, team affiliation, skill level and pre-set behaviours of each computer-controlled bot can be customised.<ref name="ONPG prepare"/> Pre-set behaviours range from them pursuing the highest-scoring player to exclusively chasing the player who killed them last. Other behaviours restrict bots to only attack players using fists and disarming moves.<ref name="ONPG prepare"/> On higher skill levels, bots perform actions at a superhuman level.<ref name="ONPG prepare"/> Players may issue commands to bots of their team to perform certain tasks. For example, a player can order an allied bot to defend an area or attack a designated opponent.<ref name="ONPG prepare"/>
The multiplayer mode includes 30 pre-set challenges against bots that may be tackled by one or more players.<ref name="ONPG prepare"/> These challenges cover a variety of game types, weapon arrangements, and level setups.<ref name="N64 review"/> By completing challenges, additional features such as new weapons, player models, and bot behaviours are unlocked.<ref name="ONPG prepare"/><ref name="ONPG personal"/> At the end of a match, the overall results are shown, alongside information about the individual players' performance. The game keeps track of player statistics such as damage dealt and distance travelled, and awards players with medals based on how well they performed.<ref name="ONPG personal"/> Players are ranked according to their performance; the better the performance, the higher the grade.<ref name="Manual multiplayer"/> The player's overall progress, multiplayer setups, and character profiles can be saved to the [[Nintendo 64]] game cartridge or a [[Controller Pak]].<ref name="Manual starting"/><ref name="Manual multiplayer"/> The game also supports the [[Rumble Pak]].<ref name="IGN review"/>
==Plot==
''Perfect Dark'' is set in an alternate 2023 against the backdrop of an interstellar war between two alien races:<ref name="ONPG profiles"/> the Maians, who resemble the archetypal [[Grey alien]], and the Skedar, [[reptile]]-like creatures who use a cloaking device to appear human. On Earth, there is an ongoing rivalry between two companies: The Carrington Institute, a research centre founded by Daniel Carrington that secretly operates an espionage group in league with the Maians; and dataDyne, a defence contractor corporation headed by Cassandra de Vries. In exchange for creating an [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] with code-breaking abilities to access an ancient alien spacecraft at the bottom of the [[Pacific Ocean]], the Skedar agree to supply dataDyne with enough alien technology to become the biggest corporation on Earth.<ref name="IGN Guide story"/>
The player is cast as Joanna Dark, an agent of the Carrington Institute whose excellent scores in training have earned her the codename "Perfect Dark".<ref name="Manual background"/> On her first mission, she is sent to extract a defector known as Dr. Caroll from a dataDyne laboratory. Dr. Caroll is revealed to be the AI created by dataDyne, and is worried about the mission for which it had been designed. After the extraction, Carrington is held captive at his private villa by dataDyne soldiers. When Joanna rescues him, she is informed that Dr. Caroll has been taken to a dataDyne front in [[Chicago]]. There, Joanna learns that Cassandra, [[National Security Agency|NSA]] director Trent Easton, and a mysterious man known as Mr. Blonde plan to kidnap the President of the United States to get access to a deep sea research vessel called the ''Pelagic II''. Although the President is in danger, Carrington alerts Joanna that a Maian craft was shot down near [[Area 51]] and sends her to rescue a Maian protector named Elvis.<ref name="IGN Guide story"/>
Because the President of the United States refuses to loan dataDyne the ''Pelagic II'', the NSA sends a strike team to kill and replace him with a dataDyne-grown clone. The strike team invades the air base from which the [[Air Force One]] will depart. When Joanna foils this strike, the NSA and a group of cloaked Skedar take over the plane itself, which crashes after Joanna attempts to detach a craft attached to it. Having survived the crash, Joanna eliminates the President's clone and rescues the real President. Trent's incompetence angers Mr. Blonde, who kills him after disabling his cloaking device. With no other options, dataDyne hijacks the ''Pelagic II'' to reach the ancient spacecraft. However, unbeknownst to dataDyne, the spacecraft contains a powerful weapon capable of destroying a planet and the Skedar intend to test it on Earth before using it against the Maian homeworld.<ref name="IGN Guide story"/>
Joanna and Elvis follow dataDyne to the ancient spacecraft, where they find a reprogrammed Dr. Caroll cracking the weapon. Joanna replaces its current personality with a backup of the original, and the restored Dr. Caroll sets the weapon to self-destruct. As Carrington and Joanna prepare for a Presidential reception, the Skedar assault the Carrington Institute and capture Joanna. In space, aboard an alien spaceship on course to the Skedar homeworld, Joanna finds herself in a holding cell with Cassandra. Feeling that she has been used, Cassandra redeems herself by making a distraction and sacrificing herself, freeing Joanna and therefore giving herself a chance for revenge. With the help of Elvis, Joanna takes control of the spaceship and lands on the Skedar homeworld, where she ultimately defeats the Skedar leader, leaving the Skedar in disarray. The game ends with Elvis and Joanna leaving the planet just prior to an orbital bombardment from the Maian navy.<ref name="IGN Guide story"/>
==Development==
===Concept and design===
''Perfect Dark'' was developed by [[Rare (company)|Rare]] and originally directed by [[Martin Hollis (video game designer)|Martin Hollis]] as a [[spiritual successor]] to the company's 1997 first-person shooter ''[[GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)|GoldenEye 007]]''.<ref name="Gamasutra Interview"/><ref name="IGN interview"/> Shortly after ''GoldenEye 007'' was released,<ref name="IGN interview"/> Rare was planning to work on a game based on the ''[[GoldenEye]]'' sequel ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'', but the company was outbid by [[Electronic Arts]], which would release [[Tomorrow Never Dies (video game)|their video game adaptation]] in 1999.<ref name="Making Of 0m06s"/> The result did not upset the developers,<ref name="Making Of 0m06s"/> who felt they had already spent too much time immersed in the ''[[James Bond]]'' universe.<ref name="NowGamer hollis"/> Working titles for the new project included "Covert Ops" and "Alien Intelligence" before the words "Perfect Dark" were decided on.<ref name="NLife feature"/> The word "Dark" was chosen for its association with the game's bleak focus on killing.<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/> Hollis noted naming similarities to the 2006 first-person shooter ''[[Black (video game)|Black]]'' by [[Criterion Games]]: "Game developers just like black, nihilism, [[dystopia]]n futures, the number zero, infinity, spheres, perfection—all that kind of stuff".<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/> The double slash symbol in the game's logo was inspired by the [[Japanese writing system]],<ref name="Rare Gamer"/> while the bad grammar of the phrase "Perfect Dark" partially alludes to Hollis' affection for the way Japanese developers use English words in their own games and products.<ref name="NowGamer hollis"/>
The game's [[science fiction]] setting was chosen due to the developers' interest in the genre.<ref name="Gamasutra Interview"/> ''[[The X-Files]]'' television series inspired the incorporation of a gray alien character and the premise of aliens being investigated.<ref name="Making Of 1m42s"/> Other influences on the setting, theme and plot included conspiracy theories and works such as the ''[[Ghost in the Shell (manga)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' manga, ''[[Elektra (comics)|Elektra]]'' comic books,<ref name="Making Of 1m42s"/> the films ''[[Blade Runner]]'' and ''[[Judge Dredd (film)|Judge Dredd]]'',<ref name="NLife feature"/> and the writing of author [[Philip K. Dick]].<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/> Hollis and designer [[David Doak]] picked architectural and impressive sci-fi dystopian settings; the plot was then constructed around these locations.<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/> For example, the first level takes place in a skyscraper that lead artist Karl Hilton had always wanted to build, and features realistic environments like service stairs and an exterior area that can be explored.<ref name="E3 1998 Showtalk"/> Although the game features a new fictional universe, it was still envisioned as a spy shooter like ''GoldenEye 007''.<ref name="NLife feature"/> The developers' desires to expand upon its stealth mechanics, along with their admiration for the 1998 stealth game ''[[Metal Gear Solid (1998 video game)|Metal Gear Solid]]'', led to the creation of gadgets such as the CamSpy and the data uplink device.<ref name="NLife feature"/>
The decision to make the central character a woman was part of Hollis' belief that there should be more games starring women, considering the fact that ''GoldenEye 007'' already starred a man.<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/> To this end, the team created Joanna Dark, influenced by a number of fictional heroines: Kim Kimberly from the 1983 [[interactive fiction]] game ''[[Snowball (game)|Snowball]]'', the seductive spy Agent X-27 in the 1931 film ''[[Dishonored (film)|Dishonored]]'', the eponymous [[femme fatale]] of the 1990 film ''[[La Femme Nikita (film)|La Femme Nikita]]'', and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agent [[Dana Scully]] from ''The X-Files''.<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/> The name of the in-game company dataDyne was inspired by [[Yoyodyne]] from the 1965 novella ''[[The Crying of Lot 49]]'' by [[Thomas Pynchon]].<ref name="NowGamer hollis"/> The layout of the Air Force One level was inspired by the 1997 film [[Air Force One (film)|of the same name]] because it was the only reference material the team had.<ref name="NLife feature"/> In the game's Counter-Operative mode, the idea that the opposing player can take control of another opponent at any time was inspired by the 1999 film ''[[The Matrix]]'', where agents can reappear as another person in the film's simulated reality.<ref name="NLife feature"/>
===Production===
[[File:Nintendo-64-Memory-Expansion-Pak.jpg|thumb|The [[Nintendo 64 accessories#Expansion Pak|Expansion Pak]] is required to access the game's campaign and most of the multiplayer features.]]
When production of the game started, the developers upgraded the ''GoldenEye 007'' [[game engine]] with new features and enhancements such as real-time [[Computer graphics lighting|lighting]] and support for bigger environments and more textures.<ref name="Making Of 10m46s"/> According to Rare, only 30% of the original engine remained, providing a basic framework to construct levels and animate characters.<ref name="N64 investigation 2"/> A new movement system was constructed, allowing players to fall off edges.<ref name="IGN interview"/> Other incremental improvements included better shattering glass effects, which would allow players to shoot out objects such as bottles of wine, and the inclusion of computer-controlled bots in multiplayer matches.<ref name="NLife feature"/> The artificial intelligence was improved so that opponents could work as a team and draw a secondary weapon when disarmed.<ref name="IGN Into the Dark"/><ref name="Enemy AI"/> Death cries and more elaborate gore effects, which allow gunshots to disperse and stain enemies' blood onto nearby walls and objects, were also added.<ref name="M rating"/>
Originally, Hollis hoped that the difference between light and dark would be a significant feature of the gameplay, and the title was intended to reflect this focus.<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/> A [[flashlight]] was implemented by software engineer Steve Ellis,<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/> who had been responsible for much of the multiplayer mode of ''GoldenEye 007'',<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 6"/> but was ultimately not included in the game due to limitations of the Nintendo 64 hardware. In 2006, Hollis remarked that such aims were overambitious, stating that "even today, you can see game developers struggle to make light and dark foundational from a gameplay perspective".<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/> Nevertheless, the game features more advanced lighting than its predecessor.<ref name="N64 review"/> For example, lights can be shot out to create darkened areas, gunfire and explosions illuminate rooms dynamically,<ref name="IGN review"/> and the player can use [[infrared]] or night-vision goggles.<ref name="N64 review"/>
Hollis was involved with ''Perfect Dark'' for the first 14 months of its near three-year development cycle, during which progress was unsatisfactory.<ref name="Gamasutra Interview"/><ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/> As he explained, "each of us was asking for more than the other could give. This situation ended with my departure, and with very deep regret I was unable to see ''Perfect Dark'' to completion".<ref name="CVG Hollis Interview"/> Hollis' decision came after his four-year contract with Rare was about to expire, which he chose not to renew as he wanted to pursue other interests.<ref name="EuroG oral"/> Shortly after his exit in September 1998, four additional members—Doak, Hilton, Ellis and composer [[Graeme Norgate]]—left Rare to form [[Free Radical Design]], partially because they were unsatisfied with the working environment.<ref name="EuroG oral"/> This resulted in a loss of half of the workforce and led Rare to assign more people to the team remaining on the project, which eventually became three times bigger than ''GoldenEye 007''{{'}}s.<ref name="Making Of 4m37s"/> Programmer Mark Edmonds was promoted to team leader because of his knowledge of the game engine.<ref name="NLife feature"/> Although the story and ideas for the game were kept intact, the new team contributed so much to development that it was seen as a fresh start.<ref name="Making Of 4m37s"/> The team worked in a very isolated and free environment and did not have a production manager, a schedule, meetings, commercial pressure, or any sort of deadlines. According to artist Brett Jones: "People would just do things they thought were cool and would work".<ref name="Making Of 4m37s"/>
In spring 1999, Rare moved its headquarters from a country farmhouse in [[Twycross]], [[Leicestershire]] to its current multi-million office complex.<ref name="EuroG oral"/> Although the locations are a few minutes away from each other, the move caused minor disruptions for some.<ref name="NLife feature"/> Rare installed an in-house [[motion capture]] studio,<ref name="IGN interview"/> which was used to capture hit animations and full walk cycles.<ref name="Making Of 6m42s"/> Game designer [[Duncan Botwood]] wore a pair of heels to portray Joanna Dark in some sessions, but motion capture artist Laurie Sage performed most of her moves.<ref name="NLife feature"/> Many of the game opponents were based on members of the development team, who also performed the motion capture required for their animation.<ref name="NLife feature"/> Numerous secrets were added to the game to fuel the exploration efforts of players,<ref name="N64 how to"/> including a piece of cheese hidden in every level.<ref name="IGN Cheese"/> These were deliberately placed by one of the level editors as a graphical oddity for the player's confusion.<ref name="Rare Gamer"/> The game has two hidden passwords: one found by picking up a necklace in one level and another by reaching the highest rank in the multiplayer mode.<ref name="N64 how to"/> Rare had originally intended these details to access password-protected sections of promotional websites and use them for an [[alternate reality game]].<ref name="Kotaku passwords"/>
As developers kept adding features, the game ended up using all the extra memory on their [[debug]] consoles and became too big to fit into the Nintendo 64's standard 4 [[Megabyte|MB]] of [[random-access memory]] (RAM).<ref name="EuroG oral"/> Because the developers were unable to optimise it, they made use of the Nintendo 64 [[Nintendo 64 accessories#Expansion Pak|Expansion Pak]], which increases the Nintendo 64's RAM from 4 MB to 8 MB.<ref name="EuroG oral"/> Although the Expansion Pak is required to access the game's campaign and most of the multiplayer features, a limited subset of deathmatch options are available without the device—around 35% of the game is playable without an Expansion Pak, as estimated on the game's instruction booklet.<ref name="Manual controller"/> The Expansion Pak allows the game to optionally be played in a [[480i]] "high-resolution" mode.<ref name="IGN expansion"/><ref name="Making Of 11m47s"/> The Counter-Operative mode proved to be difficult to implement and led the game to be delayed.<ref name="IGN counter"/> The [[Iterative and incremental development|iterative]] nature of the game's development led Hollis to describe the ultimate number of multiplayer options as "a vast array of features I [had] never planned".<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19"/>
Cut from the game was a feature that allowed players to place a photograph of their choice onto the face of their multiplayer character.<ref name="IGN Gamers in the Game"/><ref name="GS Perfect Face"/> The photos would have been taken by the [[Game Boy Camera]] accessory and directly transferred to the game via a Nintendo 64 [[Transfer Pak]].<ref name="NOM Issue 90"/> They could then be cropped or manipulated with an in-game editor and mapped onto the [[Polygon (computer graphics)|polygonal]] head of a multiplayer character.<ref name="IGN Gamers in the Game"/> The photos could also be saved to the game cartridge or a Controller Pak for cross-game sharing.<ref name="IGN Gamers in the Game"/> Although Rare's [[Nintendo]]-side producer [[Ken Lobb]] originally stated that the feature was removed due to technical difficulties, the actual reason was revealed to be sensitive issues surrounding the ability for players to attack images of real people.<ref name="GS Perfect Face"/> Rare's decision came after then-recent attacks such as the [[Columbine High School massacre]],<ref name="CVG PD loses face"/> when new censorship laws were being introduced in the United States.<ref name="N64 preview 2"/>
The soundtrack was primarily composed by [[Grant Kirkhope]], who replaced Norgate after his departure. Writing sci-fi music was a new and enjoyable experience for Kirkhope, as he had mainly worked on ''[[Banjo-Kazooie (video game)|Banjo-Kazooie]]'' at the time.<ref name="NLife feature"/> While he took inspiration from ''Blade Runner'' and the whistling sound of "[[The X-Files (composition)|The X-Files]]" theme song,<ref name="EuroG oral"/> he reused much of Norgate's sample set, especially peculiar sci-fi noises he had created.<ref name="NLife feature"/> One of Norgate's few contributions to the final ''Perfect Dark'' score was the theme of the first level.<ref name="NLife feature"/> A third composer, David Clynick, composed the game's cinematic sequence while Kirkhope was working on ''[[Donkey Kong 64]]'' and ''[[Banjo-Tooie]]''.<ref name="Kirkhope"/> The game supports [[16:9 aspect ratio|16x9]] widescreen and [[Dolby Laboratories|Dolby]] [[surround sound]], and features [[voice acting]] for all in-game and cutscene dialogue.<ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="IGN interview"/> Nintendo wanted an American actress to voice Joanna Dark, but the role ultimately went to composer [[Eveline Fischer]].<ref name="Making Of 3m09s"/> Because ''Perfect Dark'' features more than 45 minutes of voiced cutscenes, the game was shipped in a 32 MB cartridge.<ref name="EGM feature"/>
==Marketing and release==
[[File:Perfect Dark Japanese Ad.jpg|thumb|While the localised title of "Red and Black" was ultimately dropped, Japanese advertisements and box art still kept its dual colour theme.|alt=A two colour image showing a room. A woman is sitting on a couch and holding a gun in her right hand. A large weapon is lying on the left wall. Around the image are Japanese symbols.]]
Although a follow-up to ''GoldenEye 007'' was confirmed to be in development in early 1998,<ref name="No Bond"/> ''Perfect Dark'' was formally presented as Nintendo's lead game at [[E3 1998]] in Atlanta, Georgia.<ref name="N64 announcement"/> Originally scheduled for a release in summer 1999 and later in December 1999,<ref name="N64 investigation 1"/><ref name="N64 Issue 30"/><ref name="N64 preview 3"/> ''Perfect Dark'' was heavily trailed in video game magazines, with ''[[Nintendo Official Magazine]]'' predicting that it would be "the best shooting game this century".<ref name="NOM Issue 82"/> A working version of the game appeared at the [[European Computer Trade Show]] in September 1998;<ref name="IGN European Trade Event"/> ''[[N64 Magazine]]'' described the preview as having "the kind of attention to detail that had everyone who saw [it] drooling".<ref name="N64 preview 1"/> A more complete version was presented at E3 in May 1999, where the game's compatibility with the Game Boy Camera was announced,<ref name="Edge E3 1999"/> and at [[Nintendo Space World]] in August 1999, alongside Rare's ''Donkey Kong 64'' and ''[[Jet Force Gemini]]''.<ref name="Spaceworld 99"/> Shortly before release, Rare unveiled a website for the in-game company dataDyne to promote interest in the game's storyline.<ref name="IGN dD talent"/><ref name="IGN dD truth"/> The game had a marketing budget of $10 million.<ref name="Marketing budget"/>
''Perfect Dark'' was first released in North America on 22 May 2000.<ref name="M rating"/> Nintendo arranged a number of publicity stunts, including hiring model [[Michele Merkin]], who appeared as Joanna Dark in commercials and in-store promotions for the game.<ref name="IGN commercial"/><ref name="IGN Merkin"/> The game received a Mature rating from the [[Entertainment Software Rating Board]], particularly for its graphic content and adult language.<ref name="M rating"/> This generated some controversy because Nintendo has a reputation for family-friendly games.<ref name="Controversy"/> The European release followed on 30 June 2000.<ref name="Edge review"/> To supplement the game, Rare released a [[Game Boy Color]] counterpart, also titled ''[[Perfect Dark (Game Boy Color video game)|Perfect Dark]]'', shortly afterwards.<ref name="IGN PD GBC Review"/> The Game Boy Color game features a compatibility mode that allows certain cheats within the Nintendo 64 game to alternatively be unlocked via the Transfer Pak.<ref name="IGN combination"/> In Japan, ''Perfect Dark'' was released on 21 October 2000.<ref name="2003 sales"/>
''Perfect Dark'' features a different box art for each regional release.<ref name="NLife artworks"/> Rare's art director Kev Bayliss, who created the North American and European artworks, designed the North American version in one day because Rare needed it very quickly.<ref name="NLife artworks"/> He then created a more suitable Joanna Dark model for the European version and all the promotional material at the time.<ref name="NLife artworks"/> For the Japanese release, a completely different image was requested by Nintendo,<ref name="NLife artworks"/> who originally considered releasing the game in Japan under the title {{nihongo|"Aka to Kuro"|赤と黒||lit. "Red and Black"}}.<ref name="IGN new name"/> "Perfect Dark" does not translate well into Japanese, and the title "Aka to Kuro" was considered sufficiently edgy.<ref name="IGN red and black"/> The game was ultimately released as {{nihongo|パーフェクト・ダーク||Pāfekuto Dāku}}, a transliteration of the Western title.<ref name="GSpot PD returns"/>
==Reception==
{{Video game reviews
| GR = 95%<ref name="GameRankings"/>
| MC = 97/100<ref name="Metacritic"/>
| Allgame = 4.5/5<ref name="Allgame review"/>
| Edge = 9/10<ref name="Edge review"/>
| EGM = 29.5/30<ref name="EGM review"/>
| EPD = 10/10<ref name="EP review"/>
| GamePro = 5/5<ref name="GamePro review"/>
| GameRev = A−<ref name="GameRev review"/>
| GSpot = 9.9/10<ref name="GSpot review"/>
| IGN = 9.8/10<ref name="IGN review"/>
| N64 = 96%<ref name="N64 review"/>
| NGen = 4/5<ref name="NGen review"/>
| NP = 9.6/10<ref name="NP review"/>
}}
''Perfect Dark'' received critical acclaim from video game publications.<ref name="Metacritic"/> The most praised aspects of the game were its graphics, artificial intelligence, and number of multiplayer options.<ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="Edge review"/><ref name="GSpot review"/><ref name="EGM review"/> ''[[GameSpot]]'' claimed that, as a console first-person shooter, ''Perfect Dark'' is "unparalleled",<ref name="GSpot review"/> while ''[[IGN]]'' journalist [[Matt Casamassina]] remarked that its extensive features set the game apart from its peers.<ref name="IGN review"/> Similarly, ''N64 Magazine'' described ''Perfect Dark'' as "dauntingly huge", stating that it "takes everything that made its predecessor such an enduring favourite and does it bigger, better and more often".<ref name="N64 review"/> ''[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]'' concluded that, although the game fails to be as revolutionary as its predecessor, it refines its "phenomenal gameplay while massively developing its multiplayer components".<ref name="Edge review"/> ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' editors called the game "undeniably a work of art", suspenseful, "more compelling than most action movies and much deeper than any video game of its type".<ref name="NP review"/>
The graphics were praised for their dynamic lighting, complex geometry, varied textures, and smooth animations.<ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="NGen review"/><ref name="EP review"/><ref name="Allgame review"/> ''IGN'' remarked that levels were more detailed than in ''GoldenEye 007'', and that character models and weapons were well-animated.<ref name="IGN review"/> ''[[GameRevolution]]'' highlighted the game's semi-realistic look, saying that it "adds to the depth and addiction of the game".<ref name="GameRev review"/> The game's voiced [[cutscene]]s, surround sound effects, and atmospheric score, which was described as a mixture between the ''Blade Runner'' soundtrack by [[Vangelis]] and ''GoldenEye 007''{{'}}s, were said to effectively bring the game to life.<ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="N64 review"/><ref name="NP review"/><ref name="GamePro review"/> ''[[The Electric Playground]]'' credited Rare for being able to fit such a clear-sounding experience into the limited space of a Nintendo 64 cartridge.<ref name="EP review"/> The four reviewers in Japanese magazine ''[[Famitsu]]'' gave the game each a seven out of ten rating, with criticism being that visuals enduced motion sickness and were inferior to graphics from the next generation of video game consoles, with the ultimate consensus was the game was only recommended for fans of the genre.<ref name="famitsu"/>
The gameplay was praised for the challenging artificial intelligence of enemies and varied level design.<ref name="Edge review"/><ref name="NGen review"/><ref name="GSpot review"/> The enemies were admired for their use of squad tactics, ability to wait for players to come back instead of obediently chasing after them, and for ducking around a corner for cover.<ref name="GSpot review"/> As with ''GoldenEye 007'', the game's nonlinear approach to completing mission objectives was highlighted positively, giving players freedom to deal with situations as they see fit.<ref name="Edge review"/> The multiplayer mode was seen as the strongest aspect of the game. Reviewers noted that the flexibility of options, number of gameplay modes, "clever" weapons, number of unlockable features, and customisable computer-controlled bots give the game an unprecedented amount of [[replay value]].<ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="GSpot review"/><ref name="EGM review"/><ref name="EP review"/><ref name="GameRev review"/> ''[[GamePro]]'' called the game's Counter-Operative mode one of the "coolest multiplayer modes ever", stating that the player playing as Joanna never knows which enemy the opposing player controls.<ref name="GamePro review"/>
The game's inconsistent [[frame rate]] was frequently criticised.<ref name="Edge review"/><ref name="NGen review"/><ref name="GSpot review"/><ref name="EGM review"/><ref name="EP review"/> According to ''[[Trigger Happy (book)|Trigger Happy]]'' author [[Steven Poole]], the game's "inadequate temporal resolution—owing to a wrongheaded choice to privilege visual detail over frame-rate—made it unplayable at higher difficulty levels".<ref name="trigger happy"/> ''IGN'' editors observed that the frame rate can be choppy in large areas or environments with many characters on screen, but felt they were too frequently caught up in the game to notice it, or else were willing to forgive it.<ref name="IGN review"/> Poole described the "lazy sci-fi fetishism" of Joanna Dark's character design as "a blatant and doomed attempt to steal the thunder of [[Lara Croft]]",<ref name="trigger happy"/> and argued that she illustrated the challenges of characterising the protagonists of first-person shooters, a problem that ''GoldenEye 007'' had avoided by using the already well-known character James Bond.<ref name="Edge Characterisation"/>
At their Best and Worst of 2000 awards, ''GameSpot'' editors awarded ''Perfect Dark'' Best Nintendo 64 Game and Best Shooting Game,<ref name="GS Best N64 Game"/><ref name="GS Best Shooting Game"/> and nominated it in the Best Multiplayer Game category.<ref name="GS Best Multiplayer Game"/> Rare was recognised for its work on the game and received the [[BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Awards|BAFTA Interactive Entertainment]] Moving Images Award for 2000,<ref name="BAFTA Award"/> and the [[Golden Satellite Award]] for Best Interactive Product in 2001.<ref name="Satellite Award"/>
===Sales===
According to [[The NPD Group|NPD]]'s Toy Retail Survey Tracking system, ''Perfect Dark'' was the second best-selling game of May 2000 in North America, behind ''[[Pokémon Trading Card Game (video game)|Pokémon Trading Card Game]]''.<ref name="IGN NPD May"/> The Japanese launch saw sales totalling 35,000 units in its first week.<ref name="2003 sales"/> As a bestseller, ''Perfect Dark'' joined Nintendo's "[[Nintendo Selects|Player's Choice]]" game selection on 21 December 2000.<ref name="Players Choice"/> The game sold relatively well through the year's holiday season, reaching No. 23 on the all formats chart for the week of 24 December 2000.<ref name="2001 holiday season"/> As of March 2003, ''Perfect Dark'' had sold almost 1.3 million copies in the United States and 77,000 copies in Japan.<ref name="2003 sales"/> Total sales in the United States reached 1.5 million by December 2007.<ref name="US 2007 sales"/> In a 2011 interview with ''[[Eurogamer]]'', game designer Chris Tilston revealed that lifetime sales for the game reached 3.2 million, but did not clarify if the figure accounted for units shipped to retailers.<ref name="EuroG sales"/>
==Legacy==
Shortly after ''Perfect Dark'' was released, Rare planned to develop a "sister" title, called ''Velvet Dark'', for either the Nintendo 64 or its successor, the [[GameCube]], but the project never moved beyond pre-production and was ultimately abandoned.<ref name="GS Velvet Dark"/><ref name="5 Things"/> The name "Velvet Dark" references Joanna Dark's alleged sister in the co-operative mode, who would have been the game's protagonist.<ref name="GS Velvet Dark"/><ref name="5 Things"/> Meanwhile, Free Radical Design released ''[[TimeSplitters (video game)|TimeSplitters]]'' for the [[PlayStation 2]] in October 2000, a first-person shooter based around a completely new engine.<ref name="GS TimeSplitters Review"/> ''TimeSplitters'' bears several gameplay and presentational similarities to ''GoldenEye 007'' and ''Perfect Dark'', including a similar aiming system and unlockable options through quick level completions.<ref name="GS TimeSplitters Review"/><ref name="IGN TimeSplitters Preview"/> After Rare was purchased by [[Microsoft]] in 2002,<ref name="MS Rare"/> the company released a prequel, ''[[Perfect Dark Zero]]'', as a launch title for the [[Xbox 360]] in 2005. Although the game received generally positive reviews from critics,<ref name="PDZ Metacritic"/> some publications felt it did not meet their expectations.<ref name="EG PDZ Review"/><ref name="GI PDZ Review"/>
In a retrospective analysis, ''Edge'' acknowledged that the game's frame rate and other dated elements of its design rendered it "nigh-on unplayable".<ref name="EdgeTimeExtended"/> The magazine found the ambitious mentality which resulted in weapons and computer-controlled players being "designed for possibilities rather than balance", both one of ''Perfect Dark''{{'}}s most interesting aspects and the cause of its biggest problem: "Restraint [...] would have made ''Perfect Dark'' a tighter, more focused experience, helped with those framerate issues, and removed almost all of the fun".<ref name="EdgeTimeExtended"/> The magazine concluded that despite ''Perfect Dark'' not standing up as a good game to play in 2009, "its currency of ideas and provocation [...] remains sound".<ref name="EdgeTimeExtended"/> In 2015, ''[[Den of Geek]]'' considered ''Perfect Dark'' "a game that's done more for the shooter genre than often credited for", and said that the game was still ahead of its time because no game had revitalised its ideas.<ref name="Geek ahead"/>
Since its release, the game has attracted a following of elite players who constantly try to [[speedrun]] its levels and break world records.<ref name="Kotaku record"/> These records are managed by their website and involve highly skilled players exploiting tiny gameplay inconsistencies.<ref name="Kotaku record"/><ref name="Kotaku skips"/> The game is occasionally cited as one of the [[List of video games considered the best|greatest video games of all time]]. In 2001, ''[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]]'' editors ranked ''Perfect Dark'' 65th on their list of Top 100 Games of All Time,<ref name="EGM Top 100"/> while ''Nintendo Power'' included it in their 2006 list of Top 200 Nintendo games.<ref name="NP Top 200"/> In 2007, ''IGN'' editors placed the game at No. 86 on their list of Top 100 Games of All Time, noting that "Everything that ''GoldenEye'' made great, ''Perfect Dark'' did too, and then some."<ref name="IGN-100"/> Similarly, ''Edge'' placed the title at No. 28 on their 2007 list of 100 Best Videogames (a list voted for by readers, ''Edge'' staff and gaming industry professionals),<ref name="Edge100"/> claiming that the game brought the Nintendo 64 era to a satisfying close.<ref name="Edge100"/> In 2009, ''[[Official Nintendo Magazine]]'' ranked it 37th on a list of 100 Best Nintendo Games.<ref name="Best Nintendo Games"/>
In 2022, a fan by the name of Ryan Dwyer fully [[decompiler|decompiled]] the original [[ROM image]] into [[C (programming language)|C]] [[source code]], allowing the game to be [[porting|ported]] unofficially to various platforms.<ref name="ROM Decompiled"/> An unofficial PC port was released in 2023.<ref name="Unofficial PC port"/>
==Remaster==
{{Main|Perfect Dark (2010 video game)}}
A [[remaster]] of the game, also titled ''[[Perfect Dark (2010 video game)|Perfect Dark]]'', was released in 2010 for the Xbox 360 through its [[Xbox Live Arcade]] download service, featuring an improved frame rate, enhanced graphics and online multiplayer.<ref name="IGN XBLA review"/> The remaster was developed by [[4J Studios]], the same studio that previously handled the Xbox 360 [[Porting|ports]] of Rare's [[Platform game|platform]] games ''Banjo-Kazooie'' and ''Banjo-Tooie''.<ref name="Engadget XBLA review"/> The game received generally favorable reviews from gaming publications. Some critics considered the relatively unchanged game to be outdated, but most agreed that the title was a solid revival of a classic.<ref name="GSpot XBLA review"/><ref name="IGN XBLA review"/> In 2015, the remaster was included in the ''[[Rare Replay]]'' video game compilation for [[Xbox One]].<ref name="Rare Replay"/>
==Reboot==
{{Main|Perfect Dark (upcoming video game)}}
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Manual controller">{{Cite AV media notes |title=Perfect Dark |chapter=About the Controller |pages=2–4 |type=Instruction booklet |date=2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo of America]] |___location=Redmond, Washington |id=U/NUS-NPDE-USA}}</ref>
<ref name="Manual background">{{Cite AV media notes |title=Perfect Dark |chapter=Background |page=5 |type=Instruction booklet |date=2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo of America]] |___location=Redmond, Washington |id=U/NUS-NPDE-USA}}</ref>
<ref name="Manual starting">{{Cite AV media notes |title=Perfect Dark |chapter=Getting Started |pages=10–13 |type=Instruction booklet |date=2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo of America]] |___location=Redmond, Washington |id=U/NUS-NPDE-USA}}</ref>
<ref name="Manual multiplayer">{{Cite AV media notes |title=Perfect Dark |chapter=Multiplayer Options |pages=14–18 |type=Instruction booklet |date=2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo of America]] |___location=Redmond, Washington |id=U/NUS-NPDE-USA}}</ref>
<ref name="ONPG profiles">{{Cite book |title=Perfect Dark: The Official Nintendo Player's Guide |chapter=Perfect Preface: Dark Profiles |pages=4–5 |date=December 2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo Power]] |isbn=978-1-93-020602-1}}</ref>
<ref name="ONPG missions">{{Cite book |title=Perfect Dark: The Official Nintendo Player's Guide |chapter=Perfect Preface: Mission Modes |pages=6–7 |date=December 2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo Power]] |isbn=978-1-93-020602-1}}</ref>
<ref name="ONPG controls">{{Cite book |title=Perfect Dark: The Official Nintendo Player's Guide |chapter=Perfect Preface: Controls and Techniques |pages=8–11 |date=December 2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo Power]] |isbn=978-1-93-020602-1}}</ref>
<ref name="ONPG training">{{Cite book |title=Perfect Dark: The Official Nintendo Player's Guide |chapter=Perfect Preface: Agent Training |pages=12–13 |date=December 2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo Power]] |isbn=978-1-93-020602-1}}</ref>
<ref name="ONPG weapons">{{Cite book |title=Perfect Dark: The Official Nintendo Player's Guide |chapter=Perfect Preface: Weapons |pages=14–21 |date=December 2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo Power]] |isbn=978-1-93-020602-1}}</ref>
<ref name="ONPG prepare">{{Cite book |title=Perfect Dark: The Official Nintendo Player's Guide |chapter=Combat Simulator: Prepare for Combat |pages=144–150 |date=December 2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo Power]] |isbn=978-1-93-020602-1}}</ref>
<ref name="ONPG personal">{{Cite book |title=Perfect Dark: The Official Nintendo Player's Guide |chapter=Combat Simulator: Getting Personal |pages=151–156 |date=December 2000 |publisher=[[Nintendo Power]] |isbn=978-1-93-020602-1}}</ref>
<ref name="trigger happy">{{Cite book |title=Trigger Happy: The Inner Life of Videogames |first=Steven |last=Poole |author-link=Steven Poole |page=[https://archive.org/details/triggerhappyinne0000pool/page/254 254] |date=March 2001 |publisher=Fourth Estate |isbn=978-1841151212 |url=https://archive.org/details/triggerhappyinne0000pool/page/254}}</ref>
<ref name="N64 announcement">{{Cite magazine |title=GoldenEye 007 sequel at E3! |magazine=[[N64 Magazine]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=16 |page=21 |date=June 1998}}</ref>
<ref name="N64 preview 1">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark: James Who? |magazine=[[N64 Magazine]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=21 |pages=6–9 |date=November 1998}}</ref>
<ref name="N64 investigation 1">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[N64 Magazine]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=22 |pages=34–39 |date=December 1998}}</ref>
<ref name="N64 Issue 30">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[N64 Magazine]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=30 |pages=46–51 |date=July 1999}}</ref>
<ref name="N64 preview 2">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark: Golden Girl |magazine=[[N64 Magazine]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=31 |pages=6–9 |date=August 1999}}</ref>
<ref name="N64 preview 3">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark: 21st Century Girl |magazine=[[N64 Magazine]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=33 |pages=8–9 |date=October 1999}}</ref>
<ref name="N64 investigation 2">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[N64 Magazine]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=39 |pages=44–51 |date=March 2000}}</ref>
<ref name="N64 review">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[N64 Magazine]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=42 |first=Martin |last=Kitts |pages=47–62 |date=June 2000}}</ref>
<ref name="N64 how to">{{Cite magazine |title=How to See Things You Shouldn't in Perfect Dark |magazine=[[N64 Magazine]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=51 |first=Mark |last=Green |pages=58–63 |date=February 2001}}</ref>
<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 6">{{Cite magazine |title=Desert Island Disks: David Doak |magazine=[[Retro Gamer]] |publisher=Live Publishing |issue=6 |pages=41–45 |date=July 2004 |issn=1742-3155}}</ref>
<ref name="Retro Gamer Issue 19">{{Cite magazine |title=The Legacy of Perfect Dark: Martin Hollis Q&A |magazine=[[Retro Gamer]] |publisher=[[Imagine Publishing]] |issue=19 |page=79 |date=January 2006 |issn=1742-3155}}</ref>
<ref name="E3 1998 Showtalk">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=60 |page=30 |date=July 1998 |issn=1350-1593}}</ref>
<ref name="Edge E3 1999">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=73 |page=60 |date=July 1999 |issn=1350-1593}}</ref>
<ref name="Edge review">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=85 |pages=72–73 |date=June 2000 |issn=1350-1593 |url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/perfect-dark-review/ |access-date=15 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604061915/http://www.next-gen.biz/reviews/perfect-dark-review |archive-date=4 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Edge Characterisation">{{Cite magazine |title=Characterisation: Designing a believable virtual skin |magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |first=Steven |last=Poole |author-link=Steven Poole |issue=88 |page=26 |date=September 2000 |issn=1350-1593}}</ref>
<ref name="EdgeTimeExtended">{{Cite magazine |title=Time Extend: Perfect Dark |magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |issue=197 |pages=98–101 |date=January 2009 |issn=1350-1593 |url=http://www.edge-online.com/features/time-extend-perfect-dark/ |access-date=17 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018042258/http://www.edge-online.com/features/time-extend-perfect-dark/ |archive-date=18 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="famitsu">{{cite web|url=http://ign64.ign.com/news/26369.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20001110073700/http://ign64.ign.com/news/26369.html|title=Famitsu is Lost in the Dark|date=October 13, 2000|accessdate=January 15, 2025|work=[[IGN]]|archivedate=November 10, 2000}}</ref>
<ref name="EGM feature">{{Cite magazine |title=Woman with the Golden Gun |magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |issue=129 |pages=140–149 |first=Crispin |last=Boyer |date=April 2000}}</ref>
<ref name="EGM review">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |issue=131 |pages=165 |author1=Crispin Boyer |author2=Kraig Kujawa |author3=Mark MacDonald |date=June 2000}}</ref>
<ref name="NOM Issue 82">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[Nintendo Official Magazine]] |publisher=[[EMAP]] |pages=82–83 |issue=82 |date=July 1999}}</ref>
<ref name="NOM Issue 90">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[Nintendo Official Magazine]] |publisher=[[EMAP]] |pages=7–19 |issue=82 |date=March 2000}}</ref>
<ref name="NP review">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[Nintendo Power]] |publisher=[[Nintendo of America]] |issue=132 |page=122 |date=May 2000}}</ref>
<ref name="NP Top 200">{{Cite magazine |title=NP Top 200 |magazine=[[Nintendo Power]] |publisher=[[Nintendo of America]] |issue=200 |pages=58–66 |date=February 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="NGen review">{{Cite magazine |title=Perfect Dark |magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]] |publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |issue=66 |pages=98–99 |date=June 2000 |first=Michael |last=Wolf}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN Guide story">{{Cite web |access-date=19 September 2011 |url=http://guidesarchive.ign.com/guides/3906/story.html |title=Perfect Dark Guide – Story |website=[[IGN]] |first=Chris |last=Carle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522094724/http://guidesarchive.ign.com/guides/3906/story.html |archive-date=22 May 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN Guide basics">{{Cite web |access-date=21 May 2009 |url=http://guidesarchive.ign.com/guides/3906/basics.html |title=Perfect Dark Guide – Game Basics |website=[[IGN]] |first=Chris |last=Carle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521212209/http://guidesarchive.ign.com/guides/3906/basics.html |archive-date=21 May 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN Guide walkthrough">{{Cite web |access-date=5 April 2010 |url=http://guidesarchive.ign.com/guides/3906/walkthrough.html |title=Perfect Dark Guide – Walkthrough |website=[[IGN]] |first=Chris |last=Carle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405090250/http://guidesarchive.ign.com/guides/3906/walkthrough.html |archive-date=5 April 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN Guide assignments">{{Cite web |access-date=29 March 2010 |url=http://guidesarchive.ign.com/guides/3906/specialassignments.html |title=Perfect Dark Guide – Special Assignments |website=[[IGN]] |first=Chris |last=Carle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329172122/http://guidesarchive.ign.com/guides/3906/specialassignments.html |archive-date=29 March 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="GSpot Guide enemies">{{Cite web |access-date=24 November 2004 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/guides/video/perfectdark/sec4_01.html |title=Perfect Dark Game Guide – Enemy Descriptions |website=[[GameSpot]] |author1=Eddie Parker |author2=Bart G. Farkas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041124041619/http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/guides/video/perfectdark/sec4_01.html |archive-date=24 November 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN combination">{{Cite web |access-date=27 May 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/084/084357p1.html |title=The Perfect Combination |website=[[IGN]] |date=31 August 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316143230/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/084/084357p1.html |archive-date=16 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN Cheese">{{Cite web |access-date=4 April 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/080/080032p1.html |title=Get on the IGN Cheese List |website=[[IGN]] |date=25 May 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316143357/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/080/080032p1.html |archive-date=16 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Rare Gamer">{{Cite web |title=Perfect Dark Rumour Mill |url=http://www.raregamer.co.uk/?games=perfect-dark-rumour-mill |website=Raregamer.co.uk |access-date=8 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008222050/http://www.raregamer.co.uk/?games=perfect-dark-rumour-mill |archive-date=8 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="NowGamer hollis">{{Cite web |access-date=3 December 2010 |url=http://www.nowgamer.com/features/895052/interview_martin_hollis.html |title=Interview: Martin Hollis |website=[[NowGamer]] |date=29 March 2010 |first=Darran |last=Jones |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402052449/http://www.nowgamer.com/features/895052/interview_martin_hollis.html |archive-date=2 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN new name">{{Cite web |access-date=12 January 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/081/081879p1.html |title=New Name for PD? |website=[[IGN]] |date=7 July 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713004509/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/081/081879p1.html |archive-date=13 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN red and black">{{Cite web |access-date=12 January 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/082/082525p1.html |title=Red and Black is Dark |website=[[IGN]] |date=24 July 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316142608/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/082/082525p1.html |archive-date=16 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="GSpot PD returns">{{Cite web |access-date=12 January 2011 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/n64/action/perfectdark/news_2608740.html |title=Perfect Dark Returns |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Yukiyoshi Ike |last=Sato |date=27 July 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030626113143/http://www.gamespot.com/n64/action/perfectdark/news_2608740.html |archive-date=26 June 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="CVG Hollis Interview">"Feature: Ex-Rare man Martin Hollis talks games"
* {{Cite web |access-date=12 July 2012 |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/169389/interviews/creative-minds/ |title=Page 1 |website=[[Computer and Video Games]] |first=Mark |last=Walbank |date=2 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712125512/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/169389/interviews/creative-minds/ |archive-date=12 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web |access-date=8 November 2012 |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/169389/interviews/creative-minds/?page=2 |title=Page 2 |website=[[Computer and Video Games]] |first=Mark |last=Walbank |date=2 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108174225/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/169389/interviews/creative-minds/?page=2 |archive-date=8 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web |access-date=8 November 2012 |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/169389/interviews/creative-minds/?page=3 |title=Page 3 |website=[[Computer and Video Games]] |first=Mark |last=Walbank |date=2 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108174258/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/169389/interviews/creative-minds/?page=3 |archive-date=8 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}
</ref>
<ref name="Gamasutra Interview">"The Restless Vision Of Martin Hollis, The Man With The GoldenEye"
* {{Cite web |access-date=19 January 2012 |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1451/the_restless_vision_of_martin_.php |title=Page 1 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |date=8 June 2007 |first=Jon |last=Jordan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520013818/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1451/the_restless_vision_of_martin_.php |archive-date=20 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web |access-date=19 January 2012 |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1451/the_restless_vision_of_martin_.php?page=2 |title=Page 2 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |date=8 June 2007 |first=Jon |last=Jordan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519232444/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1451/the_restless_vision_of_martin_.php?page=2 |archive-date=19 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web |access-date=19 January 2012 |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1451/the_restless_vision_of_martin_.php?page=3 |title=Page 3 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |date=8 June 2007 |first=Jon |last=Jordan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605201731/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1451/the_restless_vision_of_martin_.php?page=3 |archive-date=5 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web |access-date=19 January 2012 |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1451/the_restless_vision_of_martin_.php?page=4 |title=Page 4 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |date=8 June 2007 |first=Jon |last=Jordan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520035308/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1451/the_restless_vision_of_martin_.php?page=4 |archive-date=20 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}
</ref>
<ref name="Kirkhope">{{Cite web |title=Perfect Dark Video Game Music Compositions |url=http://grantkirkhope.com/perfectdark.html |access-date=9 February 2014 |first=Grant |last=Kirkhope |author-link=Grant Kirkhope |website=Grantkirkhope.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619005912/http://grantkirkhope.com/perfectdark.html |archive-date=19 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN Gamers in the Game">{{Cite web |access-date=30 November 2010 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/068/068036p1.html |title=Rare Puts Gamers in the Game |website=[[IGN]] |date=12 May 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302190022/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/068/068036p1.html |archive-date=2 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="GS Perfect Face">{{Cite web |access-date=16 January 2011 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/rare-cleans-up-perfect-dark-2446534 |title=Rare Cleans Up Perfect Dark |website=[[GameSpot]] |date=10 February 2000 |first=Ravi |last=Hiranand |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230153001/http://www.gamespot.com/news/rare-cleans-up-perfect-dark-2446534 |archive-date=30 December 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="CVG PD loses face">{{Cite web |access-date=30 November 2010 |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=10995 |title=Perfect Dark loses face |website=[[Computer and Video Games]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417112350/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=10995 |archive-date=17 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN interview">{{Cite web |access-date=11 February 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/068/068109p1.html |title=Perfect Dark Interview |website=[[IGN]] |date=14 May 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316142941/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/068/068109p1.html |archive-date=16 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN counter">{{Cite web |access-date=31 March 2012 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/076/076454p1.html |title=Going Against Joanna |website=[[IGN]] |date=13 March 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331092144/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/076/076454p1.html |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN expansion">{{Cite web |access-date=6 November 2021 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/02/03/expansion-recommended |title=Expansion Recommended |website=[[IGN]] |date=3 February 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101235532/https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/02/03/expansion-recommended |archive-date=1 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN Into the Dark">{{Cite web |access-date=11 February 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/073/073908p1.html |title=Into the Dark |website=[[IGN]] |date=13 January 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713004440/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/073/073908p1.html |archive-date=13 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Enemy AI">{{Cite web |access-date=10 September 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/077/077722p1.html |title=Bad Meaning Good |website=[[IGN]] |date=17 April 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331092133/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/077/077722p1.html |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN European Trade Event">{{Cite web |access-date=11 February 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/064/064740p1.html |title=ECTS: Nintendo Games of the Show |website=[[IGN]] |date=8 September 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713004424/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/064/064740p1.html |archive-date=13 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Spaceworld 99">{{Cite web |access-date=19 February 2017 |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/1999/08/28/rare-brings-e3-to-spaceworld |title=Rare Brings E3 to Spaceworld |website=[[IGN]] |date=17 August 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221215744/http://www.ign.com/articles/1999/08/28/rare-brings-e3-to-spaceworld |archive-date=21 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN dD talent">{{Cite web |access-date=21 December 2010 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/076/076022p1.html |title=DataDyne Corporation Seeks Talent |website=[[IGN]] |date=2 March 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302190047/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/076/076022p1.html |archive-date=2 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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<ref name="No Bond">{{Cite web |access-date=6 November 2021 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/1998/01/30/no-more-bond-for-rare |title=No More Bond for Rare |website=[[IGN]] |date=29 January 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228084146/https://www.ign.com/articles/1998/01/30/no-more-bond-for-rare |archive-date=28 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="M rating">{{Cite web |access-date=18 September 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/077/077713p1.html |title=M is Definitely for Mature |website=[[IGN]] |date=7 April 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331092139/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/077/077713p1.html |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Controversy">{{Cite web |access-date=18 September 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/080/080434p1.html |title=Against the Big N's M |website=[[IGN]] |date=5 June 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316143653/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/080/080434p1.html |archive-date=16 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN commercial">{{Cite web |access-date=18 February 2011 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/077/077890p1.html |title=Perfect Dark Commercial Online |website=[[IGN]] |date=10 April 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713004520/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/077/077890p1.html |archive-date=13 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN Merkin">{{Cite web |access-date=21 December 2010 |url=http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/079/079992p1.html |title=Joanna Sees off Perfect Dark |website=[[IGN]] |date=24 May 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017233313/http://uk.ign64.ign.com/articles/079/079992p1.html |archive-date=17 October 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN NPD May">{{Cite web |access-date=21 August 2019 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/06/09/top-selling-games-2 |title=Top Selling Games |website=[[IGN]] |date=9 June 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821091845/https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/06/09/top-selling-games-2 |archive-date=21 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="US 2007 sales">{{Cite web |access-date=12 August 2019 |url=http://www.the-magicbox.com/Chart-USPlatinum.shtml |title=US Platinum Videogame Chart |website=The-magicbox.com |date=27 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231174815/http://www.the-magicbox.com/Chart-USPlatinum.shtml |archive-date=31 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="EuroG sales">{{Cite web |access-date=9 June 2014 |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-10-13-ex-rare-devs-talk-killer-instinct-perfect-dark-interview?page=3 |title=Ex-Rare devs talk Killer Instinct, Perfect Dark |website=[[Eurogamer]] |date=13 October 2011 |first=Wesley |last=Yin-Poole |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301115429/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-10-13-ex-rare-devs-talk-killer-instinct-perfect-dark-interview?page=3 |archive-date=1 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Players Choice">{{Cite web |url=https://ign64.ign.com/news/29381.html |title=Nintendo Brings More Bargains |access-date=24 January 2001 |date=21 December 2000 |website=[[IGN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010124042900/https://ign64.ign.com/news/29381.html |archive-date=24 January 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="2001 holiday season">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2001/01/17/players-choice-titles-sell-strong |title=Player's Choice Titles Sell Strong |access-date=5 August 2019 |date=17 January 2001 |website=[[IGN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805184917/https://www.ign.com/articles/2001/01/17/players-choice-titles-sell-strong |archive-date=5 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN PD GBC Review">{{Cite web |access-date=14 January 2011 |url=http://uk.gameboy.ign.com/articles/163/163801p1.html |title=Perfect Dark GBC Review |website=[[IGN]] |date=5 September 2000 |first=Craig |last=Harris |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090329170617/http://uk.gameboy.ign.com/articles/163/163801p1.html |archive-date=29 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN review">{{Cite web |url=http://ign64.ign.com/articles/153/153906p1.html |title=Perfect Dark Review |access-date=29 December 2008 |first=Matt |last=Casamassina |author-link=Matt Casamassina |date=19 May 2000 |website=[[IGN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060809021300/http://ign64.ign.com/articles/153/153906p1.html |archive-date=9 August 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="GSpot review">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/perfect-dark-review/1900-2573816/ |title=Perfect Dark Review |access-date=19 January 2014 |first=Joe |last=Fielder |date=22 May 2000 |website=[[GameSpot]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227025642/http://www.gamespot.com/n64/action/perfectdark/review.html |archive-date=27 December 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="EP review">{{Cite web |access-date=16 May 2003 |url=http://www.elecplay.com/review.html?article=2548&full=1 |title=Perfect Dark Review |website=[[The Electric Playground]] |first=Victor |last=Lucas |date=28 May 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030516173556/http://www.elecplay.com/review.html?article=2548&full=1 |archive-date=16 May 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="GameRev review">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gamerevolution.com/oldsite/games/n64/action/perfect_dark.htm |title=Perfect Dark Review |access-date=27 November 2010 |author=Colin |date=1 June 2000 |website=[[GameRevolution]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000243/http://www.gamerevolution.com/oldsite/games/n64/action/perfect_dark.htm |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Allgame review">{{Cite web |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=18830&tab=review |title=Perfect Dark – Review |first=Scott |last=McCall |website=[[AllGame]] |access-date=28 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114195857/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=18830&tab=review |archive-date=14 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Metacritic">{{Cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/perfect-dark/critic-reviews/?platform=nintendo-64 |title=Perfect Dark |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=27 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125002333/http://www.metacritic.com/game/nintendo-64/perfect-dark |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="EGM Top 100">{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.gamers.com/feature/egmtop100/index.jsp |title=Top 100 Games of All Time |magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]] |access-date=20 December 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011220003000/http://www.gamers.com/feature/egmtop100/index.jsp |archive-date=20 December 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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<ref name="BAFTA Award">{{Cite web |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2000/interactive/moving-images |title=Interactive – Moving Images in 2000 |access-date=16 September 2017 |website=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170916222646/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2000/interactive/moving-images |archive-date=16 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Satellite Award">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pressacademy.com/winners2000.html |title=2001 Winners |access-date=3 February 2001 |website=[[International Press Academy]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010203151500/http://www.pressacademy.com/winners2000.html |archive-date=3 February 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="GS Best N64 Game">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/bestof_2000/p3_07.html |title=Best and Worst of 2000 – Best Nintendo 64 game |access-date=24 February 2003 |website=[[GameSpot]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030224091905/http://gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/bestof_2000/p3_07.html |archive-date=24 February 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="GS Best Shooting Game">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/bestof_2000/p4_21.html |title=Best and Worst of 2000 – Best Shooting Game |access-date=13 November 2004 |website=[[GameSpot]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041113073035/http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/bestof_2000/p4_21.html |archive-date=13 November 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="GS Best Multiplayer Game">{{Cite web |url=http://gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/bestof_2000/p2_12.html |title=Best and Worst of 2000 – Best Multiplayer Game Runners-Up |access-date=8 October 2002 |website=[[GameSpot]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021008160010/http://gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/bestof_2000/p2_12.html |archive-date=8 October 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN TimeSplitters Preview">{{Cite web |access-date=12 June 2011 |url=http://uk.ps2.ign.com/articles/082/082499p1.html |title=TimeSplitters Hands-On Preview |website=[[IGN]] |date=24 July 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111083626/http://uk.ps2.ign.com/articles/082/082499p1.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="GS TimeSplitters Review">{{Cite web |access-date=12 June 2011 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/action/timesplitters/review.html |title=TimeSplitters Review |website=[[GameSpot]] |date=25 October 2000 |first=Jeff |last=Gerstmann |author-link=Jeff Gerstmann |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709054415/http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/action/timesplitters/review.html |archive-date=9 July 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="MS Rare">{{Cite web |access-date=14 January 2011 |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2002/Sep02/09-24ProjectRPR.mspx |title=Microsoft Acquires Video Game Powerhouse Rare Ltd. |website=[[Microsoft]] |date=24 September 2002 |___location=Redmond, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108152343/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2002/Sep02/09-24ProjectRPR.mspx |archive-date=8 November 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="PDZ Metacritic">{{Cite web |access-date=20 September 2017 |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/perfect-dark-zero/critic-reviews/?platform=xbox-360 |title=Perfect Dark Zero |website=[[Metacritic]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123204052/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/perfect-dark-zero |archive-date=23 November 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="GI PDZ Review">{{Cite magazine |access-date=13 November 2010 |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/NR/exeres/579038CD-9DA1-4FA4-9971-C07F661AC32A.htm |title=Perfect Dark Zero Review |magazine=[[Game Informer]] |first=Jeremy |last=Zoss |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614102700/http://www.gameinformer.com/NR/exeres/579038CD-9DA1-4FA4-9971-C07F661AC32A.htm |archive-date=14 June 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Engadget XBLA review">{{Cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2010/03/17/perfect-dark-xbla-review/ |title=Review: Perfect Dark (XBLA) |date=17 March 2010 |access-date=17 August 2010 |website=[[Engadget]] |first=James |last=Ransom-Wiley |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315095455/https://www.engadget.com/2010/03/17/perfect-dark-xbla-review/ |archive-date=15 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="GSpot XBLA review">{{Cite web |access-date=5 February 2013 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/perfect-dark/reviews/perfect-dark-review-6253759/ |title=Perfect Dark Review |website=[[GameSpot]] |date=17 March 2010 |first=Tom |last=Mc Shea |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125072339/http://www.gamespot.com/perfect-dark/reviews/perfect-dark-review-6253759/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN XBLA review">{{Cite web |access-date=3 November 2010 |url=http://uk.xboxlive.ign.com/articles/107/1077981p1.html |title=Perfect Dark XBLA Review |website=[[IGN]] |date=16 March 2010 |first=Daemon |last=Hatfield |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713005608/http://uk.xboxlive.ign.com/articles/107/1077981p1.html |archive-date=13 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="GS Velvet Dark">{{Cite web |access-date=31 July 2015 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/n64s-perfect-dark-was-meant-to-have-a-sister-game-/1100-6429334/ |title=N64's Perfect Dark Was Meant to Have a Sister Game, Velvet Dark |website=[[GameSpot]] |date=30 July 2015 |first=Chris |last=Pereira |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731201417/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/n64s-perfect-dark-was-meant-to-have-a-sister-game-/1100-6429334/ |archive-date=31 July 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="5 Things">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye22UAfs6-0 |title=Rare Revealed: Five Things You Didn't Know About Perfect Dark |date=April 29, 2016 |publisher=[[Rare (company)|Rare]] |place=Twycross, England |time=8:02 |access-date=April 30, 2024 |format=Video}}</ref>
<ref name="Rare Replay">{{Cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/6/15/8783621/rare-replay-xbox-one |title=Rare Replay for Xbox One includes 30 Rare games for $30 (update) |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |first=Michael |last=McWhertor |date=15 June 2015 |access-date=28 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628185752/http://www.polygon.com/2015/6/15/8783621/rare-replay-xbox-one |archive-date=28 June 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Geek ahead">{{Cite web |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/us/games/perfect-dark/234192/why-perfect-dark-was-ahead-of-its-time-then-and-still-is-now |title=Why Perfect Dark Was Ahead of Its Time Then and Still Is Now |website=[[Den of Geek]] |first=Daniel |last=Hill |date=15 June 2015 |access-date=10 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816015056/https://www.denofgeek.com/us/games/perfect-dark/234192/why-perfect-dark-was-ahead-of-its-time-then-and-still-is-now |archive-date=16 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="NLife artworks">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2019/06/feature_heres_why_perfect_dark_has_three_different_covers |title=Feature: Here's Why Perfect Dark Has Three Different Covers |website=[[Nintendo Life]] |first=Damien |last=McFerran |date=1 June 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611195915/http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2019/06/feature_heres_why_perfect_dark_has_three_different_covers |archive-date=11 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Kotaku passwords">{{Cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/solving-the-mystery-of-perfect-dark-s-hidden-passwords-1794600862 |title=Solving The Mystery Of Perfect Dark's Hidden Passwords |website=[[Kotaku]] |first=Heather |last=Alexandra |date=24 April 2017 |access-date=13 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211220611/https://kotaku.com/solving-the-mystery-of-perfect-dark-s-hidden-passwords-1794600862 |archive-date=11 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Kotaku skips">{{Cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/top-speedrunner-outlines-perfect-darks-wildest-skip-1831400684 |title=Top Speedrunner Outlines Perfect Dark's Wildest Skips |website=[[Kotaku]] |first=Heather |last=Alexandra |date=31 December 2018 |access-date=23 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102181626/https://kotaku.com/top-speedrunner-outlines-perfect-darks-wildest-skip-1831400684 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Kotaku record">{{Cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/speedrunner-finally-ties-perfect-dark-world-record-scr-1828360914 |title=Speedrunner Finally Ties Perfect Dark World Record, Screams His Head Off |website=[[Kotaku]] |first=Ethan |last=Gach |date=15 August 2018 |access-date=23 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213114923/https://kotaku.com/speedrunner-finally-ties-perfect-dark-world-record-scr-1828360914 |archive-date=13 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="NLife feature">"Feature: Perfect Dark Turns 20 – The Definitive Story Behind The N64 Hit That Outclassed James Bond"
* {{Cite web |access-date=19 May 2020 |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2020/05/feature_perfect_dark_turns_20_-_the_definitive_story_behind_the_n64_hit_that_outclassed_james_bond |title=Page 1 |website=[[Nintendo Life]] |first=James |last=Batchelor |date=16 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517064728/https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2020/05/feature_perfect_dark_turns_20_-_the_definitive_story_behind_the_n64_hit_that_outclassed_james_bond |archive-date=17 May 2020 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite web |access-date=19 May 2020 |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2020/05/feature_perfect_dark_turns_20_-_the_definitive_story_behind_the_n64_hit_that_outclassed_james_bond?page=2 |title=Page 2 |website=[[Nintendo Life]] |first=James |last=Batchelor |date=16 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517175046/https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2020/05/feature_perfect_dark_turns_20_-_the_definitive_story_behind_the_n64_hit_that_outclassed_james_bond?page=2 |archive-date=17 May 2020 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite web |access-date=19 May 2020 |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2020/05/feature_perfect_dark_turns_20_-_the_definitive_story_behind_the_n64_hit_that_outclassed_james_bond?page=3 |title=Page 3 |website=[[Nintendo Life]] |first=James |last=Batchelor |date=16 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517175054/https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2020/05/feature_perfect_dark_turns_20_-_the_definitive_story_behind_the_n64_hit_that_outclassed_james_bond?page=3 |archive-date=17 May 2020 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite web |access-date=19 May 2020 |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2020/05/feature_perfect_dark_turns_20_-_the_definitive_story_behind_the_n64_hit_that_outclassed_james_bond?page=4 |title=Page 4 |website=[[Nintendo Life]] |first=James |last=Batchelor |date=16 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519110141/https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2020/05/feature_perfect_dark_turns_20_-_the_definitive_story_behind_the_n64_hit_that_outclassed_james_bond?page=4 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |url-status=live}}
</ref>
<ref name="EuroG oral">{{Cite web |access-date=24 May 2020 |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2020-05-22-perfect-dark-the-oral-history-of-an-n64-classic |title=Perfect Dark: the oral history of an N64 classic |website=[[Eurogamer]] |date=22 May 2020 |first=Wesley |last=Yin-Poole |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524213210/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2020-05-22-perfect-dark-the-oral-history-of-an-n64-classic |archive-date=24 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Reboot announcement">{{Cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2020/12/10/22168765/perfect-dark-game-awards-reveal-reboot-xbox-trailer-initiative |title=A new Perfect Dark game is on the way from The Initiative |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |first=Austen |last=Goslin |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211230747/https://www.polygon.com/2020/12/10/22168765/perfect-dark-game-awards-reveal-reboot-xbox-trailer-initiative |archive-date=11 December 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Making Of 0m06s">{{Cite web |access-date=3 December 2021 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |title=Learn How Perfect Dark Came to Be in this Behind-the-Scenes Video |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Eddie |last=Makuch |date=26 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228194253/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |archive-date=28 December 2015 |url-status=live }} See video at 0:06 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=6s here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203183033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=6s |date=3 December 2021 }}.</ref>
<ref name="Making Of 1m42s">{{Cite web |access-date=3 December 2021 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |title=Learn How Perfect Dark Came to Be in this Behind-the-Scenes Video |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Eddie |last=Makuch |date=26 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228194253/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |archive-date=28 December 2015 |url-status=live }} See video at 1:42 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=102s here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107115902/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=102s |date=7 November 2021 }}.</ref>
<ref name="Making Of 3m09s">{{Cite web |access-date=3 December 2021 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |title=Learn How Perfect Dark Came to Be in this Behind-the-Scenes Video |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Eddie |last=Makuch |date=26 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228194253/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |archive-date=28 December 2015 |url-status=live }} See video at 3:09 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=189s here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107115904/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=189s |date=7 November 2021 }}.</ref>
<ref name="Making Of 4m37s">{{Cite web |access-date=3 December 2021 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |title=Learn How Perfect Dark Came to Be in this Behind-the-Scenes Video |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Eddie |last=Makuch |date=26 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228194253/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |archive-date=28 December 2015 |url-status=live }} See video at 4:37 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=277s here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107115902/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=277s |date=7 November 2021 }}.</ref>
<ref name="Making Of 6m42s">{{Cite web |access-date=3 December 2021 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |title=Learn How Perfect Dark Came to Be in this Behind-the-Scenes Video |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Eddie |last=Makuch |date=26 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228194253/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |archive-date=28 December 2015 |url-status=live }} See video at 6:42 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=402s here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107115906/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=402s |date=7 November 2021 }}.</ref>
<ref name="Making Of 10m46s">{{Cite web |access-date=3 December 2021 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |title=Learn How Perfect Dark Came to Be in this Behind-the-Scenes Video |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Eddie |last=Makuch |date=26 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228194253/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |archive-date=28 December 2015 |url-status=live }} See video at 10:46 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=646s here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107115907/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=646s |date=7 November 2021 }}.</ref>
<ref name="Making Of 11m47s">{{Cite web |access-date=3 December 2021 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |title=Learn How Perfect Dark Came to Be in this Behind-the-Scenes Video |website=[[GameSpot]] |first=Eddie |last=Makuch |date=26 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228194253/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/learn-how-perfect-dark-came-to-be-in-this-behind-t/1100-6433378/ |archive-date=28 December 2015 |url-status=live }} See video at 11:47 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=707s here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107115902/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CxpdspOV5I&t=707s |date=7 November 2021 }}.</ref>
<ref name="Best Nintendo Games">{{Cite web |first=Tom |last=East |date=24 February 2009 |title=100 Best Nintendo Games - Part Four |url=http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/article.php?id=7276 |website=[[Official Nintendo Magazine]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226213643/http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/article.php?id=7276 |archive-date=26 February 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="ROM Decompiled">{{Cite web |first=Chris |last=Scullion |title=Perfect Dark has been fully decompiled, making PC ports and mods possible |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/perfect-dark-has-been-fully-decompiled-making-pc-ports-and-mods-possible/ |website=VGC |date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017153511/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/perfect-dark-has-been-fully-decompiled-making-pc-ports-and-mods-possible/ |archive-date=17 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Unofficial PC port">{{Cite web |first=Andrew |last=Heaton |title=Classic N64 game Perfect Dark gets an unofficial PC port |url=https://www.destructoid.com/classic-n64-perfect-dark-gets-unofficial-pc-port/ |website=[[Destructoid]] |date=30 October 2023 |access-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030221100/https://www.destructoid.com/classic-n64-perfect-dark-gets-unofficial-pc-port/ |archive-date=30 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
{{Spoken Wikipedia|Perfect_Dark.ogg|date=4 February 2007}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.rare.co.uk/recent/games/pdark/ |title=''Perfect Dark'' at Rare.co.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000823090109/http://www.rare.co.uk/recent/games/pdark/ |archive-date=23 August 2000 |url-status=dead}}
{{Perfect Dark}}
{{Rare}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Perfect Dark| ]]
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