Content deleted Content added
m robot Adding: pl:Arcos de Valdevez |
|||
| (155 intermediate revisions by 87 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox Portuguese subdivision
| type = municipality
|official_name =
|image_flag = Pt-avv1.png
|image_shield = AVV - Arcos de Valdevez.png
|image_skyline = RioVezArcosdeValdevez.jpg
|image_caption = The Roman bridge over the [[Vez River]]
|image_location = LocalArcosDeValdevez.svg
|region = [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte]]
|CIM = [[Alto Minho]]
|district = [[Viana do Castelo District|Viana do Castelo]]
|parishes = [[#Human geography|36]]
|leader_name = Francisco Rodrigues de Araújo
|leader_party = [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PSD]]
|coordinates = {{coord|41|50|50|N|8|25|7|W|type:adm1st_region:PT_dim:100000|display=inline,title}}
|
|elevation_min =
|elevation_max = 1416
|area_total = 447.60
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_total = 22847
|patron = [[Pelagius of Cordova|São Paio]]
|postal_code = 4970
|area_code = 258
|website =
}}
{| border="0" cellpadding="20" cellspacing="0" style="float:right;"
|
|}
'''Arcos de Valdevez''' ({{IPA|pt|ˈaɾkuʒ ðɨ ˌvaldɨˈveʃ|-|Pt-pt Arcos de Valdevez FF.ogg}}) is a [[concelho|municipality]] along the northern frontier of [[Portugal]] and [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] (Spain). The population in 2011 was 22,847,<ref name=ine>[http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xlang=en&xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0005889&contexto=pi&selTab=tab0 Instituto Nacional de Estatística] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115205227/http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xlang=en&xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0005889&contexto=pi&selTab=tab0 |date=15 November 2016 }}</ref> in an area of 447.60 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=dgt>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/ |title=Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país |access-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105172426/http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/ |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the largest municipality in area of the district of [[Viana do Castelo (district)|Viana do Castelo]].
==History==
[[File:Battle of Valdevez 2.JPG|thumb|235px|A statue that commemorates the historical [[Battle of Valdevez]]]]
[[File:Arcos-de-Valdevez IMG 0102.JPG|thumb|235px|The Municipal City Hall in Arcos de Valdevez, showing the ornate nineteenth-century façade]]
The first settlements in the area of Arcos de Valdevez occurred between the [[5th millennium BC|fifth]] and [[3rd millennium BC|third millennium B.C.]], verified by archaeological investigations from many of the funerary mounds within the municipality, such as ''Núcleo Megalítico do Mezio''. This also includes many [[Petroglyph|rock carvings]] and paintings that were found in the Gião archaeological station. This period of prehistory and the [[Hispania|Roman occupation]] known not just for its influence on toponymy, were important for many of the defensive and habitation structures that dot the landscape of the municipality. These include many of the ''[[Castro culture|castros]]'' that exist throughout the area, and in particular, in the parishes of Ázere, Álvora, and Cendufe.
During the [[Middle Ages]] many of these proto-cultural sites were abandoned for medieval parishes or monasteries located along plains or atop strategic hills, such as the Monastery of Ermelo ([[Cistercians]]) or Santa Maria de Miranda ([[Benedictine]]). These areas facilitated settlement, which was tied to [[herding]] and seasonal cultivation, while the mountains provided many sources for [[Game (food)|game]]. The facility of settlement greatly enhanced its importance, since its proximity to Spanish territory favoured strategic expansion into the south: the number of medieval bridges in the area, such as in Vilela and Cabreiro improved further expansion.
In documents dating back to the tenth and eleventh centuries, there were several military, social centres, and infrastructures that had been built along these northern positions. A Roman-type bridge within the municipal limits, was constructed between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and first referenced during the named ''Inquirições de 1258'' (''1258 Inquiries''), when the name ''Arcos'' appeared in Portuguese [[toponymy]].
Although abandoned in the thirteenth century, the Castle of Santa Cruz in Vila Fonche, which predates the village, was one of the first human centers, helping to protect human populations and facilitate communication that crossed the bridges along the Vez River. By 1258, the castle controlled a geographic area that included the present boundaries of Arcos de Valdevez. Its importance along these trade and military routes influenced King [[Manuel I of Portugal|Manuel I]] to elevate this "metro-pole" to the status of village in 1515.
[[Liberalism in Portugal|Liberal reforms]] during the eighteenth century expanded the administrative limits of the municipality, with the annexation of the areas of Soajo, Ermelo, and Gavieira.
==Geography==
===Physical geography===
[[File:Arcos-de-Valdevez IMG 0113.JPG|thumb|235px|The green hilltops in the municipality of Arcos de Valdevez, within the civil parish of Salvador]]
{{Historical populations
|title = Population of<br/>Arcos de Valdevez<br/><small>(1801–2011)</small>
| 1801 | 21435
| 1849 | 25824
| 1900 | 31968
| 1930 | 32163
| 1960 | 38739
| 1981 | 31156
| 1991 | 26976
| 2001 | 24761
| 2011 | 22847
}}
[[File:Igreja de Eiras vista de Pinheiro.jpg|thumb|235px|A view from the small civil parish of Eiras, showing the dispersed communities in the foothills of Peneda-Gerês mountain range]]
[[File:Arcos-de-Valdevez IMG 0131.JPG|thumb|235px|The River Vez, with the Church of the Espírito Santo in the background, within the parish of Gavieira]]
Arcos de Valdevez is situated in the northwest [[Portugal|Portuguese]] peninsula of the historical province of [[Minho (province)|Minho]], in the district of [[Viana do Castelo (district)|Viana do Castelo]]. It is limited in the east by Spanish [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], in the south by the municipality of [[Ponte da Barca Municipality|Ponte da Barca]], in the southwest and west by [[Ponte de Lima Municipality|Ponte de Lima]], also by its western frontier with [[Paredes de Coura Municipality|Paredes de Coura]], in the north by [[Monção Municipality|Monção]] and northeast by [[Melgaço Municipality, Portugal|Melgaço]].<ref name="Pacto de Autarcas 2011, p.6">Pacto de Autarcas (2011), p. 6</ref> Territorially, it occupies 20.18% of the [[Alto Minho]] subregion, 2.10% of the [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte]] region, or approximately 0.5% of continental Portugal.<ref name="Pacto de Autarcas 2011, p.6"/>
The physical geography of the municipality consists of three fundamental morphological units: the river-valley depression occupied by the Rivers Vez and Lima, of which 35% of the municipality is located; the mountainous escarpment of the [[Peneda-Gerês National Park|Peneda-Gerês]]; and an accidented area in the west that extends to the eastern limits of the municipality.<ref>Pacto de Autarcas (2011), p. 8</ref> The Vez valley, which crosses the territory from north to south, divides the mountainous western and eastern areas, and is the ___location of the principal activities of the territory.
===Human geography===
The municipal seat of Arcos de Valdevez, the city specifically, is composed of the civil parishes of Salvador and São Paio, which together account for a population of approximately 2204 inhabitants. It is characteristic of the larger area of [[Norte Region, Portugal|northern Portugal]], with a relatively homogeneous culture and population, dispersed within a similar scenic environment; it is one of the larger municipalities in Portugal, with an area of approximately {{convert|447.6|km2|mi2}}.
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 36 civil parishes (''[[freguesia (Portugal)|freguesias]]''):<ref>{{cite web|title=Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 16-17|url=http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2013/01/01901/0000200147.pdf |accessdate=16 July 2014|author=Diário da República|author-link=Diário da República|language=Portuguese}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
* Aboim das Choças
* [[Aguiã]]
* Alvora e Loureda
* Arcos de Valdevez (São Salvador), Vila Fonche e Parada
* Arcos de Valdevez (São Paio) e Giela
* Ázere
* Cabana Maior
* Cabreiro
* Cendufe
* Couto
* Eiras e Mei
* Gavieira
* Gondoriz<ref>[[:pt:Gondoriz (Arcos de Valdevez)]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=August 2024}}
* Grade e Carralcova
* Guilhadeses e Santar
* Jolda (São Paio)
* Jolda (Madalena) e Rio Cabrão
* Miranda
* Monte Redondo
* Oliveira
* Paçô
* Padreiro (Salvador e Santa Cristina)
* Padroso
* Portela e Extremo
* Prozelo
* Rio de Moinhos
* Rio Frio
* Sabadim
* São Jorge e Ermelo
* Senharei
* Sistelo
* Soajo
* Souto e Tabaçô
* [[Távora (Santa Maria e São Vicente)]]
* Vale
* Vilela, São Cosme e São Damião e Sá
{{div col end}}
The largest of these parishes, Gavieira, Soajo, Cabreiro, [[Gondoriz]], and Sistelo, are located in the mountainous areas that are part of [[Peneda-Gerês National Park]].
The municipal seat is situated {{convert|36|km|mi}} from [[Braga Municipality]] and {{convert|90|km|mi}} from [[Porto]], in the civil parish of São Salvador. The urban agglomerations of Arcos de Valdevez coincide roughly with the principal roadway, the Estrada Nacional E.N.101, that links Braga with Monção. The construction of the ancillary I.C.28 altered this pattern, permitting rapid access to Arcos de Valdevez from other regional centres.
Administratively, along with Viana do Castelo, Ponte da Lima, and Ponte de Barca, it is overseen by the ''VALIMA Associação de Municípios do Vale do Lima'' (''Association of Municipalities of the Vale do Lima'').
Since 1981 the population of the municipality has been in steady decline; relative to the 2008 census, the population of the municipality has decreased, but at a rate far less than following the urbanization brought on by the [[Carnation Revolution]] in Portugal.<ref name="Pacto10">Pacto de Autarcas (2011), p. 10</ref> The result has been an emigrant population, with most activities and residential concentration within a small area along the southwest border.<ref name=Pacto10/> Consequently, the urban areas of Salvador (with an [[urban density]] of 1090 habitantes/km<sup>2</sup>) and its neighbouring parishes (São Paio, Aguiã, and Giela) have seen some concentration.<ref name=Pacto10/>
==Architecture==
[[File:Pelourinho Arcos de Valdeez.JPG|thumb|170px|The ''Peolourinho de Arcos de Valdevez'' was constructed to mark the settlement of Portuguese territory in the area]]
===Civic===
* '''Bridge of Arcos de Valdevez''' ({{langx|pt|Ponte de Arcos de Valdevez}}) – constructed during the nineteenth century, beginning in 1876 and finalized in 1880, to replace the medieval construction. The monument is composed of stone blocks in four arcs with ample lateral accesses in a Roman style that open to a flat platform.
* '''Castro of Ázere''' ({{langx|pt|Castro de Ázere}}), a fortified [[castro culture|castro]] placement in Monte, erected during the Iron Age, but inhabited from the eighth century B.C.;<ref name="SIPA1">{{cite web|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=3588 |title=Castro de Ázere (PT011601040002) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |___location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Paula |last=Noé |year=1992 |accessdate=25 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045654/http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=3588 |archivedate=6 March 2016 }}</ref>
* '''Dolmens of Serra do Soajo''' ({{langx|pt|Antas da Serra do Soajo}}), a group of [[dolmen]] constructions, in various states of ruin, used by the ancient settlers of the region, in the foothills of the Serra do Gêres, near Mezio and Cabana Maior;<ref name="SIPA2">{{cite web|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5162 |title=Antas da Serra do Soajo (PT011601460001) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |___location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Paula |last=Noé |year=1992 |accessdate=25 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306051259/http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5162 |archivedate=6 March 2016 }}</ref>
* '''Manor of Quinta de Aboim''' ({{langx|pt|Solar da Quinta de Aboim}}) – located in the parish of Aboim das Choças, is an example of a nobleman's eighteenth-century manor house;
* '''[[Pillory of Arcos de Valdevez]]''' ({{langx|pt|Pelourinho de Arcos de Valdevez}}) – in 1515 King [[Manuel I of Portugal|Manuel I]] had this stone structure built in the main square, but it was moved in 1700 from the Municipal Square ({{langx|pt|Praça Municipal}}) to the river's edge, until finally being re-erected in a small square along a strip near the main church. In 1998, it was replaced in its present ___location. Designed by João Lopes, it is a single structure in the form of a twisted [[colonnade]], surmounted by the Portuguese military sphere and national shield, atypical of common pillory use.
* '''Summer-House of Requeijo''' ({{langx|pt|Casa Solarenga de Requeijo}}) – a manor house with a characteristic rectangular plan from the eighteenth century, and constructed with two towers, three-floors, and a lateral Franciscan chapel. The main floor is encircled with elaborate entrances and columns.
===Religious===
* '''Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Conceição''' ({{langx|pt|Capela da Nossa Senhora da Conceição}}) – a seventeenth-century chapel dedicated to ''Our Lady of the Conception'';
* '''Church of Arcos de Valdevez''' ({{langx|pt|Igreja Matriz de Arcos de Valdevez}}) – this church was constructed under the guidance of King [[Pedro II of Portugal|Pedro II]], during the eighteenth century over the medieval ruins. Its interior is richly decorated with gold-leaf cornices and wood-carved ornamentation from the late eighteenth to nineteenth centuries. In 1776 the Calvário chapel, along the southern annex, was completed in the Rococo style;
* '''Church of Nossa Senhora da Lapa''' ({{langx|pt|Igreja da Nossa Senhora da Lapa}}) – was constructed to the cult of Nossa Senhora da Lapa, with influences from the Beira region, it was completed in 1767, and is characterized by a central plan with a tower and the main chapel designed by André Soares in the Baroque style. The interior, including the altars and ornamentation was completed in the [[Rococo]]-style.
* '''Church of São Bento''' ({{langx|pt|Igreja de São Bento}}) – dedicated to [[Saint Benedict]], is located on a prominent overlook, west of the village, it was completed in 1674, incorporating the older Franciscan Monsatary (today survived by a lone house), and decorated with [[azulejo]] and diverse religious images from the seventeenth century;
* '''Church of São Paio''' ({{langx|pt|Igreja de São Paio}}) – its construction was begun in 1781 and completed in the nineteenth century, it includes a single bell and staircase, apparently influenced by architecture in Oporto. Azulejos on the front façade date back to the nineteenth century.
* '''Church of the Espírito Santo''' ({{langx|pt|Igreja do Espírito Santo}}) – the church dedicated to the Holy Spirit, was established by the ''Confraria do Espírito Santo'' in 1681, in the [[Mannerism (architecture)|Mannerist]]-style and remodelled during the nineteenth century in the neo-Classical tradition. Its interior shows notable examples of seventeenth-century paintings, as well as a sculpted pulpit that is attributed to the Arcuense manuel Gomes, based on original plans by the painter Álvares Costa.
* '''Church of the Misericórdia e Cruzeiro''' ({{langx|pt|Igreja da Misericórdia e Cruzeiro}}) – in 1595, the ''Confraria da Misericórdia'' (''the Brotherhood of the Misericórdia'') was established in Arcos, and promoted the construction of the villages first temple, which was completed in 1710. The church presents a Rococo architecture, that is richly decorated in Baroque (the main and side doorways) and neo-Classical (pulpits and sacristy) elements. Located in an enclosed lateral square, formerly the old cemetery, it is an example of eighteenth-century design, with a base decorated with representations of the life of [[Christ]].
* '''Monastery of Ázere''' ({{langx|pt|Mosteiro de Ázere}}) – a Benedictine monastery
* '''Monastery of Ermelo''' ({{langx|pt|Mosterio de Ermelo}}), a Romanesque monastery and church, but also a group of churches that correspond to the area of the River Lima, it was heavily altered in 1760. From the writings of Carlos Alberto F. de Almeida (1988), the decoration of the capitals and corners show an evolution in comparison to those in the Minho watershed, comparable to those in Valdreu (Terras de Bouro), Fervença (Celorico de Basto), and Ferreira (Paços de Ferreira).<ref name="SIPA3">{{cite web|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5250 |title=Mosteiro de Ermelo (PT011601110008) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |___location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Paula |last=Noé |year=1998 |accessdate=25 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930170113/http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5250 |archivedate=30 September 2014 }}</ref>
==
The municipal government has funded several sports related projects to develop local athletics, including the construction and maintenance of the following:
* '''Arcos de Valdevez Municipal Pool''' ({{langx|pt|Piscina Municipal de Arcos de Valdevez}}), that includes a 47m x 17m x1.8m deep pool, a health club, a commercial area with three shops and snack-bar; the building offers swimming lessons, [[hydrogymnastics]], hydro-therapy, Jacuzzi, as well as aerobics and training services;
* '''Coutada Municipal Stadium''' ({{langx|pt|Estadio Municipal da Coutada}}), that supports the activities of the local schools, sports teams (especially [[soccer]] and [[Rugby football|rugby]]), as well as athletics that include infrastructures for track events, administration, receptions, and a bar.
In addition, there are several local sports organizations and clubs that benefit from the local infrastructures or offer different sporting services; these include the local [[equestrianism|equestrian]] and nautical club.
The local football (soccer) club in Arcos is the [[C.A. Valdevez]] ({{langx|pt|Clube Atlético de Valdevez}}), established in 1945, and currently playing the [[Portuguese Second Division]] Series A league. Arcos de Valdevez has a rugby team, [[Clube de Rugby de Arcos de Valdevez]].
== Notable people ==
* [[Mariana Joaquina Pereira Coutinho]] (1748–1820) a courtier and [[salonist]] for queen [[Maria I of Portugal]]
* [[Manuel António Gomes]] (1868 in Santiago de Cendufe – 1933) a Catholic priest, inventor and physicist.
* [[Abílio Rodas de Sousa Ribas]] (born 1931 in Soajo) a Roman Catholic bishop emeritus of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé and Príncipe]]
* [[Pedro Tiba]] (born 1988), known as ''Tiba'', a footballer with over 400 club caps
==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist}}
;Sources
* {{Cite web|editor=VALIMAR |url=http://www.valimardigital.pt/portal/page/portal/SHARED/upload/Hpc136_184.pdf |title=Conhecer o Vale do Lima |trans-title=Discover the Lima Valley |publisher=VALIMAR Associação de Municípos do Vale do Lima |___location=Ponte de Lima, Portugal |year=2001 |language=Portuguese |accessdate=24 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810055016/http://www.valimardigital.pt/portal/page/portal/SHARED/upload/Hpc136_184.pdf |archivedate=10 August 2011 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.anmp.pt/files/dpeas/2010/pactoautarcas/p02/seapArcosdeValdevez.pdf |title=Pacto de Autarcas: Plano de Ação para as Alterações Climáticas de Arcos de Valdevez |editor=ANMP |publisher=Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses |___location=Coimbra, Portugal |language=Portuguese |accessdate=24 October 2012 |year=2011}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Municipalities of Viana do Castelo}}
{{Authority control}}
[[
[[
[[Category:Municipalities of Viana do Castelo District]]
| |||