Utente:LukeWiller/Sandbox/10: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 00:05, 2 apr 2012

Versione attuale delle 11:48, 28 mar 2020

(698 versioni intermedie di 3 utenti non mostrate)

Riga 1:

{{Auto1Navbox

|name = Comuni dell'Alto Milanese

|nome= Ford Bronco II

|state = collapsed

|immagine= Ford Bronco II.jpg

|title = Comuni dell'[[Alto Milanese]]

|didascalia= Un Ford Bronco II prima serie

|group1 = [[Città metropolitana di Milano]]

|bandiera= Flag of the United States.svg

|list1 = [[Arconate]]{{,}}[[Bernate Ticino]]{{,}}[[Buscate]]{{,}}[[Busto Garolfo]]{{,}}[[Canegrate]]{{,}}[[Casorezzo]]{{,}}[[Castano Primo]]{{,}}[[Cerro Maggiore]]{{,}}[[Cuggiono]]{{,}}[[Dairago]]{{,}}[[Inveruno]]{{,}}[[Legnano]]{{,}}[[Magnago]]{{,}}[[Nerviano]]{{,}}[[Nosate]]{{,}}[[Parabiago]]{{,}}[[Pogliano Milanese]]{{,}}[[Rescaldina]]{{,}}[[Robecchetto con Induno]]{{,}}[[San Giorgio su Legnano]]{{,}}[[San Vittore Olona]]{{,}}[[Turbigo]]{{,}}[[Vanzaghello]]{{,}}[[Villa Cortese]]

|bandiera_2=

|group2 = [[Provincia di Varese]]

|costruttore= Ford

|list2 = [[Albizzate]]{{,}}[[Angera]]{{,}}[[Arsago Seprio]]{{,}}[[Besnate]]{{,}}[[Busto Arsizio]]{{,}}[[Cadrezzate]]{{,}}[[Cairate]]{{,}}[[Carnago]]{{,}}[[Casorate Sempione]]{{,}}[[Cassano Magnago]]{{,}}[[Castelseprio]]{{,}}[[Castiglione Olona]]{{,}}[[Cavaria con Premezzo]]{{,}}[[Cislago]]{{,}}[[Comabbio]]{{,}}[[Fagnano Olona]]{{,}}[[Ferno]]{{,}}[[Gallarate]]{{,}}[[Gerenzano]]{{,}}[[Golasecca]]{{,}}[[Gorla Maggiore]]{{,}}[[Gornate Olona]]{{,}}[[Jerago con Orago]]{{,}}[[Lonate Ceppino]]{{,}}[[Lonate Pozzolo]]{{,}}[[Marnate]]{{,}}[[Mercallo]]{{,}}[[Mornago]]{{,}}[[Oggiona con Santo Stefano]]{{,}}[[Olgiate Olona]]{{,}}[[Origgio]]{{,}}[[Osmate]]{{,}}[[Saronno]]{{,}}[[Sesto Calende]]{{,}}[[Solbiate Arno]]{{,}}[[Solbiate Olona]]{{,}}[[Sumirago]]{{,}}[[Taino (Italia)|Taino]]{{,}}[[Uboldo]]{{,}}[[Varano Borghi]]{{,}}[[Vergiate]]{{,}}[[Vizzola Ticino]]

|tipo= Sport Utility Vehicle

|group3 = [[Provincia di Como]]

|altre_versioni=

|list3 =[[Carbonate]]{{,}}[[Locate Varesino]]{{,}}[[Mozzate]]

|inizio_produzione=1984

}}<nowiki><noinclude>

|antenata=

[[Categoria:Template di navigazione - Lombardia]]

|serie=Prima serie (1984–1988) <br />Seconda serie (1989–1990)

</noinclude></nowiki>

|fine_produzione=1990

|erede= Ford Explorer

<!-- Sezione altro -->

|progetto=

|design=

|design2=

|altre_antenate=

|altre_eredi=

|famiglia=

|concorrenti=

|esemplari=

|note=

}}Il '''Ford Bronco II''' è stato un [[compact SUV]] prodotto dalla [[Ford]] dal [[1984]] al [[1990]] in due serie.

==Il contesto==

Il Bronco II fu commercializzato dalla Ford per essere complementare al [[full-size SUV]] [[Ford Bronco|Bronco]] e per competere con i compact SUV delle altre [[case automobilistiche]], come il [[Chevrolet S-10 Blazer]], il [[Jeep Cherokee]] seconda serie ed il [[Toyota 4Runner]]

It was commissioned as a smaller complement to the full-size [[Ford Bronco|Bronco]] as well as to offer a [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] alternative to the [[Chevrolet S-10 Blazer]], [[Jeep Cherokee (XJ)]], and [[Toyota 4Runner]]. The Bronco II was Ford's first [[compact SUV]] since the original [[Ford Bronco#1966–1977|Bronco]] sold from 1966 to 1977. It is mechanically and (except in detail) structurally identical to the Ford Ranger. It had a {{convert|94|in|mm|0|adj=on}} wheelbase and was enclosed in the rear (e la parte posteriore della carrozzeria era chiusa).

Unlike the Bronco, the Bronco II offered [[four wheel drive]] as an option (all full-sized Broncos were four wheel drive) and did not have a removable roof.

|transmission='''[[Manual transmission|Manual]]'''<br>4-speed [[Mazda]] ''TK4''<br>5-speed [[Mazda]] ''TK5''<br>5-speed [[Mazda]] ''[[Mazda M5OD transmission|M5OD-R1]]''<br>5-speed [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] ''FM145''<br>5-speed [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] ''FM146''<br>'''[[Automatic transmission|Automatic]]'''<br>3-speed ''[[Ford C5 transmission|C5]]''<br>4-speed ''[[Ford A4LD transmission|A4LD]]''

|engine= 2.8&nbsp;L ''[[Ford Cologne V6 engine#2.8|Cologne]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]]<br>2.9&nbsp;L ''[[Ford Cologne V6 engine#2.9|Cologne]]'' V6<br>2.3&nbsp;L ''[[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] [[Mitsubishi Astron engine#4D55|4D55T]] [[Turbodiesel]] [[Straight-4|I4]]''

|assembly=[[Louisville, Kentucky]], [[USA]]

|layout=[[Front-engine design|Front engine]], [[rear-wheel drive]] / [[four-wheel drive]]

==Engines==

{{Auto2

|nome=Ford Bronco prima serie

|immagine= Ford Bronco II (Mexico).jpg

|didascalia=

|versioni=[[Sport Utility Vehicle]]

|anni_produzione=Dal [[1984]] al [[1988]]

|stelle=

<!-- Sezione dimensioni e pesi -->

|lunghezza= 4.021

|larghezza= 1.727

|altezza= 1.732

|passo= 2.388

|peso=

<!-- Sezione altro -->

|design=

|design2=

|famiglia=

|concorrenti=

|esemplari=

|note=

|immagine2=

|didascalia2=

}}

The 1984 and 1985 models were equipped with the {{convert|115|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[carbureted]] Cologne 2.8&nbsp;L [[V6 engine]] which was also used in the Ranger from 1984 to 1985. The 1986 model year introduced the {{convert|140|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[fuel injected]] 2.9&nbsp;L ''[[Ford Cologne V6 engine#2.9|Cologne]]'' V6. Overheating the engine usually leads to cracks in the cylinder head between the valve springs or at the base of the rocker shaft pedestals. This results in internal coolant leaks causing contamination of the oil which, if not caught in time, causes severe internal engine damage. Although there were slight improvements to the head castings in late-1989, these heads were not installed on production engines before the production of the Bronco II ceased. Bronco IIs that were still under warranty or at the owner’s desire were retrofitted with the improved heads (Surriscaldare il motore portava di solito alla rottura della testata nelle zone tra le molle di richiamo delle valvole o nella zona dei bilancieri. Ciò portava anche a perdite di liquido refrigerante, che andava a mischiarsi con l'olio, e se non si interveniva in tempo si giungeva a seri danni al motore. Sebbene vi siano state leggere migliorie alle testate nella seconda metà del 1989, queste non sarebbero state montate sui motori di normale produzione prima dell'uscita dai listini della Ford Bronco II. Le Bronco II ancora in garanzia o quelle per le quali il cliente lo chiedeva espressamente a pagamento, venivano equipaggiate in seconda battuta con le nuove testate).

A small {{convert|86|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} 2.3&nbsp;L [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] [[Straight-4|I4]] engine was also offered through 1987, but this engine was rarely used as it offered poor performance.

==Demise==

{{Auto2

|nome=Ford Bronco seconda serie

|immagine= 89-90 Ford Bronco II.jpg

|didascalia=

|versioni=[[Sport Utility Vehicle]]

|anni_produzione=Dal [[1989]] al [[1990]]

|stelle=

<!-- Sezione dimensioni e pesi -->

|lunghezza= 4.112

|larghezza= 1.727

|altezza= 1.775

|passo= 2.388

|peso=

<!-- Sezione altro -->

|design=

|design2=

|famiglia=

|concorrenti=

|esemplari=

|note=

|immagine2=

|didascalia2=

}}The first Bronco II was developed in parallel with the [[Ford Ranger|Ranger]] from 1984 to 1988. The restyling of the Bronco II and Ranger started in 1989, but ended for the Bronco II with the end of production in February 1990, replaced by the larger [[Ford Explorer|Explorer]]. The restyling is marked not only by difference in physical appearance, but also improved structural support. 1990 models produced after November 1989 with [[four-wheel drive]] came equipped with the [[Dana 35]] front axle, as opposed to the Dana 28 front axle used in earlier production.

The Explorer started where the Bronco II left off with a similar Ranger-based platform (La Explorer cominciò dove la Bronco II aveva interrotto con una analoga gamma basata sul pianale della Ranger), sharing essentially the same front end, but with Ford's new 4.0&nbsp;L OHV ''[[Ford Cologne V6 engine#4.0|Cologne]]'' {{convert|155|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} V6 and a four-door model with a two-door Sport option.

The Explorer kept to the Ranger based tradition until 1995 when it was overhauled with a major exterior restyling, and chassis modifications to allow the addition of Ford's {{convert|302|CID|L|1|abbr=on}} V8, and that was the end of the line for any reminisce of the Bronco II.

Ford would not market another compact SUV until the release of the [[Ford Escape|Escape]] in 2001.

==Safety==

The Bronco II was dogged by targeted reports that it was prone to [[rollover]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autosafety.org/srr/ROLLFBRO.pdf |format=PDF|title=Safety Research Report Index - Ford Bronco II Rollover |publisher=National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |accessdate=2011-04-01}}</ref> Some of the headlines in 1989-90 included "NHTSA Investigates Bronco II Rollovers," ''Automotive News'' (March 20, 1989) "Magazine Gives Ford's Bronco II 'Avoid' Rating," ''The Wall Street Journal'' (May 8, 1989), and "Consumer Reports Criticizes Ford Bronco II's Handling," ''The Washington Post'' (May 18, 1989).

After analysis of SUV crashes of the [[Suzuki Samurai]], the U.S. [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]] (NHTSA) opened a formal study of the Ford Bronco II in 1989. There were 43 Bronco II rollover fatalities in 1987, compared with eight for the Samurai, but accident data in four states showed the Bronco II’s rollover rate was similar to that of other SUVs, so the investigation was closed. NHTSA declined to reopen the investigation in 1997 after more Bronco II crashes.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.detnews.com/specialreports/2002/nhtsa/monrollover/monrollover.htm |title=Rollover complaints dismissed |first=Jeff |last=Plungis |work=Detroit News |date=March 4, 2002 |accessdate=2008-11-11}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

There were, however, reports that the Bronco II's suspension contained a design flaw that, when turning, forced the side of the vehicle on the outside of the turn upwards, opposite of what a safe suspension should do.<ref name=latin>{{cite journal |url= http://www.ecovitality.org/tortfiles/Latin-SUV.pdf |last=Latin |first=Howard |last2=Kasolas |first2=Bobby |year=2002 |title=Bad Designs, Lethal Profits: the duty to protect other motorists against SUV collision risks |journal=Boston University Law Review |volume=82 |pages=1195–7 |accessdate=2011-04-01}}</ref> The Bronco II was not only top heavy, but it forced itself over. "[I]n a hard turn, this suspension will cause the front end of the vehicle to rise and the track width to decrease, making the vehicle taller and narrower and elevating the center of gravity."<ref name=latin/> Ford engineers "suggested various changes that would have reduced the chance of rollovers, but these recommendations were ignored by the company."<ref name=latin/> Documented evidence showed that Ford knew about this problem, but found it less expensive to hire a team of lawyers to prepare for the oncoming lawsuits before the vehicle was even released, than to make the investment for a costly redesign.<ref name=latin/>

The successor vehicle, the Ford Explorer, would suffer a similar fate with the [[Firestone and Ford tire controversy]].<ref>Latin, page 1198.</ref>

==Collegamenti esterni==

*{{en}} [http://www.broncoii4x4.com Sito di proprietari del Bronco II]

*{{en}} [http://www.broncoii-ranger.com broncoii-ranger.com-Sito web sul Bronco II]

*{{en}} [http://BroncoII.org sito web sul Bronco II]

==Altri progetti==

{{interprogetto|commons=Category:Ford Bronco II}}

==Note==

<references/>

==Bibliografia==

* {{Bibliografia|Encyclopedia, 2006|{{cita libro | cognome= The Editors of Consumer Guide | nome= |coautori = | titolo= Encyclopedia of American Cars | editore= Publications International | città= | anno=2006|lingua = inglese |url = |accesso = |pagine = |id = ISBN 1-41271-354-4}}}}

{{Ford}}

{{Portale|trasporti}}