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{{Short description|none}}
{{Lists by country}}
{{Redirect2|List of countries|List of nations|other lists of countries|Lists of sovereign states and dependent territories|non-sovereign dependencies|Dependent territory}}
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{{Use British English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
 
<!-- Please discuss at talk before adding a map here. There are neutrality issues to resolve. -->
This is an alphabetical '''list of the independent [[country|countries]]''' of the world. This includes not only de jure independent countries, but also de facto independent countries, [[state]] for some explanation of the difference between these. To be listed here as a de facto independent country, article 1 of the [[Montevideo Convention]] from [[1933]] is followed, which means that entity should possess the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states. Furthermore, the entity doesn't accept that it de jure belongs to another country.
[[File:Palais des Nations unies, à Genève.jpg|alt=A long row of flags|thumb|upright=1.2|Flags of the [[member states of the United Nations|United Nations member]] and non-member GA observer states in front of the [[Palace of Nations]] in [[Geneva]], Switzerland]]
In the case a de facto independent country is included in this list, a note explains why this country is included. There are also a [[list of dependent territories]] and a [[list of disputed or occupied areas]].
 
<!-- Numerals are to be used as per MOS:NUMNOTES -->
Other articles focus on [[Imaginary country|imaginary countries]], [[micronation]]s and former countries (see [[List of extinct countries, empires, etc.]]).
The following is a list providing an overview of [[sovereign state]]s around the world with information on their status and recognition of their [[sovereignty]].
One can also browse countries [[List of national capitals|by capital city]], [[List of countries by continent|by continent]], [[List of countries by population|by population]], [[List of countries by area|by area]], [[List of countries by population density|by population density]], [[List of countries by gross domestic product|by gross domestic product]], [[List of countries by date of nationhood|by date of nationhood]] and by [[time zone]]. Also, you can see a [[list of island countries]].
 
The 205 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the [[United Nations System]]: 193 [[member states of the United Nations|UN member states]],<ref name="unms">{{cite web |title=Member States <nowiki>|</nowiki> United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states |publisher=United Nations |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301201032/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states |archive-date=2023-03-01 |url-status=live}}</ref> two [[United Nations General Assembly observers#Current non-member observers|UN General Assembly non-member observer states]], and ten other states. The ''sovereignty dispute'' column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states, of which there are 187 UN member states and one UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (15 states, of which there are six UN member states, one UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and eight de facto states), and states having a [[political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|special political status]] (two states, both in [[associated state|free association]] with New Zealand).
The [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Countries|WikiProject Countries]] is an attempt to formulate a template for the country articles and expands articles with public ___domain sources (''see'' [[Wikipedia:Status of the porting of the CIA World Factbook|Status of the porting of the CIA World Factbook]], [[Wikipedia:Status of the porting of U.S. Dept of State info|Status of the porting of U.S. Dept of State info]]).
 
Compiling a list such as this can be complicated and controversial, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for [[state (polity)|statehood]]. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the ''[[#Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]]'' section below. The list is intended to include entities that have been recognised as having ''[[de facto]]'' status as sovereign states, and inclusion should not be seen as an endorsement of any specific claim to statehood in legal terms.
For more sources, see [[Geographic references]].
 
==Criteria for inclusion==
:{{msg:compactTOC2}}__NOTOC__
<!-- Numerals are to be used as per MOS:NUMNOTES -->
The dominant [[customary international law]] standard of statehood is the [[Sovereign state#Declarative theory|declarative theory of statehood]], which was codified by the [[Montevideo Convention]] of 1933. The Convention defines the state as a [[Legal person|person]] of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) a capacity to enter into relations with the other states" so long as it was not "obtained by force whether this consists in the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure".<ref>{{cite book|author=Hersch Lauterpacht|title=Recognition in International Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWgEv1Qq2TwC&pg=PA419|year=2012|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=xxxv|isbn=9781107609433}}</ref>
 
Debate exists on the degree to which [[Diplomatic recognition|recognition]] should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the [[Sovereign state#Constitutive theory|constitutive theory of statehood]] defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognised as [[Sovereignty|sovereign]] by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all polities that consider themselves sovereign states (through a [[declaration of independence]] or some other means) and either:
==A==
* are often regarded as satisfying the declarative theory of statehood, ''or''
[[Abkhazia]]<sup>[[#Notes|7]]</sup> - [[Afghanistan]] - [[Albania]] - [[Algeria]] - [[Andorra]] - [[Angola]] - [[Antigua and Barbuda]] - [[Argentina]] - [[Armenia]] - [[Australia]] - [[Austria]] - [[Azerbaijan]]
* are recognised as a sovereign state by at least one [[member states of the United Nations|UN member state]]
 
In some cases, there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed. Unique political entities which fail to meet the classification of a sovereign state are considered [[quasi-state|proto-states]].<ref name=Hahn>{{cite book|last=Hahn|first=Gordon|title=Russia's Revolution from Above, 1985–2000: Reform, Transition, and Revolution in the Fall of the Soviet Communist Regime|date=2002|page=527|publisher=Transaction Publishers|___location=New Brunswick|isbn=978-0765800497}}</ref><ref name=Griffiths>{{cite book|last=Griffiths|first=Ryan|title=Age of Secession: The International and Domestic Determinants of State Birth|date=2016|pages=85, 213–242|publisher=Cambridge University Press|___location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1107161627}}</ref>
==B==
[[The Bahamas]] - [[Bahrain]] - [[Bangladesh]] - [[Barbados]] - [[Belarus]] - [[Belgium]] - [[Belize]] - [[Benin]] - [[Bhutan]] - [[Bolivia]] - [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Brazil]] - [[Brunei]] - [[Bulgaria]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - Burma (now [[Myanmar]]) - [[Burundi]]
 
On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 205 entities:{{efn|The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.}}{{efn|name="micros"|The [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] is not included, as despite being a sovereign entity it lacks territory and does not claim statehood. Entities considered to be [[micronation]]s are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all [[uncontacted peoples]], either who live in [[stateless society|societies that cannot be defined as states]] or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.}}
==C==
* 203 states recognised by at least one UN member state
[[Cambodia]] - [[Cameroon]] - [[Canada]] - [[Cape Verde]] - [[Central African Republic]] - [[Chad]] - [[Chile]] - [[People's Republic of China]] - [[Republic of China]]<sup>[[#Notes|1]]</sup> (''Taiwan'') - [[Colombia]] - [[Comoros]] - [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (formerly ''Zaire'') - [[Republic of the Congo]] - [[Costa Rica]] - [[Côte d'Ivoire]] - [[Croatia]] - [[Cuba]] - [[Cyprus]]<sup>[[#Notes|8]]</sup> - [[Czech Republic]]
* One state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is recognised only by non-UN member states
* One state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is not recognised by any other state
 
The table includes bullets in the right-hand column representing entities that are either not sovereign states or have a close association to another sovereign state. It also includes subnational areas where the sovereignty of the titular state is limited by an international agreement. Taken together, these include:
==D==
* Entities that are in a [[associated state|free association]] relationship with another state
[[Denmark]] - [[Djibouti]] - [[Dominica]] - [[Dominican Republic]]
* Two entities controlled by Pakistan which are neither sovereign states, dependent territories, nor part of another state: [[Azad Kashmir]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* Dependent territories of another state, as well as areas that exhibit many characteristics of dependent territories according to the [[dependent territory]] page
* Subnational entities created by international agreements
 
==EList of states==
===UN member states and General Assembly observer states===
[[East Timor]] - [[Ecuador]] - [[Egypt]] - [[El Salvador]] - [[Equatorial Guinea]] - [[Eritrea]] - [[Estonia]] - [[Ethiopia]]
{{col-begin|width=760px}}
{{col-2}}
'''"Membership within the [[United Nations System|UN System]]" column legend'''
{{legend|white|[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member state]]}}
{{legend|#ddf|[[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN General Assembly observer state]]}}
{{col-2}}
'''"[[List of states with limited recognition|Sovereignty dispute]]" column legend'''
{{legend|white|Undisputed sovereignty}}
{{legend|#fcc|Disputed sovereignty}}
{{col-end}}
{{sticky header}}
{| class="sortable wikitable sticky-header" text-align:left;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;"| Common and formal names
! style="width:90pt;"| Membership within the [[United Nations System|UN System]]{{efn|name="membership"|This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the [[United Nations]].<ref name="unms"/> It also indicates which non-member states participate in the [[United Nations System]] through membership in the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] or one of the [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|specialized agencies of the United Nations]]. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the [[International Court of Justice]].}}
! style="width:90pt;"| Sovereignty dispute{{efn|name="sd"|This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.}}
! class="unsortable"| Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty{{efn|name="fi"|Information is included on:
* The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at [[List of states with limited recognition]],
* Membership in the [[European Union]],{{efn|name="EU"}} where applicable,
* Any [[Dependent territory|dependencies]], if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
* [[Federation|federal structure]] of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at [[Federated state]],
* Any [[List of autonomous areas by country|autonomous areas]] inside the territory of the sovereign state,
* Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
* Any [[Government-in-exile|governments-in-exile]] recognised by at least one state.}}
|-
|<span id="Afghanistan"></span>'''{{flag|Afghanistan}}'''&nbsp;– Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The ruling Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, in power since 2021, [[recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|has not been recognised]] by the United Nations or any other state except Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Trevelyan |first=Mark |date=2025-07-03 |title=Russia becomes first country to recognise Taliban government of Afghanistan |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/russia-becomes-first-country-recognise-taliban-government-afghanistan-2025-07-03/ |access-date=2025-07-05 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> The defunct {{flag|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan}} remains the recognised government.<ref name="akhund2">{{Cite news|date=7 September 2021|title=Taliban announce new government for Afghanistan|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58479750|archive-date=7 September 2021|access-date=10 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907212403/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58479750|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="UN_Seats_Denied">{{Cite news|date=1 December 2021|title=U.N. Seats Denied, for Now, to Afghanistan's Taliban and Myanmar's Junta|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/01/world/americas/united-nations-taliban-myanmar.html|archive-date=28 December 2021|access-date=10 January 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/01/world/americas/united-nations-taliban-myanmar.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|<span id="Albania"></span>'''{{flag|Albania}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Albania
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Algeria"></span>'''{{flag|Algeria}}'''&nbsp;– People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Andorra"></span>'''{{flag|Andorra}}'''&nbsp;– Principality of Andorra
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Andorra is a [[Coregency#Andorra|co-principality]] in which the office of head of state is jointly held ''ex officio'' by the [[President of France|French president]] and the bishop of the Roman Catholic [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|diocese of Urgell]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders |title=Andorra country profile |work=BBC News |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215064605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders |archive-date=15 February 2009 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> who himself is appointed with approval from the [[Holy See]].
|-
|<span id="Angola"></span>'''{{flag|Angola}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Angola
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Antigua and Barbuda"></span>'''{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Antigua and Barbuda is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"|Commonwealth realm refers to any member state of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] whose head of state is King [[Charles III]]. Each realm is separate, independent, and a sovereign state; see [[Commonwealth realm#Interrelationship|Commonwealth realm interrelationship]].}} with one autonomous region, [[Barbuda]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Government of Antigua and Barbuda |title=Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act |work=Laws of Antigua and Barbuda |url=http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf |access-date=10 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706071022/http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{efn|name="autonomous"|For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see [[List of autonomous areas by country]].}}
|-
|<span id="Argentina"></span>'''{{flag|Argentina}}'''&nbsp;– Argentine Republic{{efn|The [[Constitution of Argentina|Argentine Constitution]] (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Argentina is a [[federation]] of [[Provinces of Argentina|23 provinces and one autonomous city]].{{efn|name="ArgentineAntarctica"|Argentina's [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic territory of ''[[Argentine Antarctica]]'' (''Antártida Argentina'') is one of five constituent [[Departments of Argentina|departments]] of the province [[Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina|Tierra del Fuego]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.patagonia-argentina.com/en/tierradelfuego/|title=Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica|website=Patagonia-Argentina|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329190125/https://www.patagonia-argentina.com/en/tierradelfuego/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|-
|<span id="Armenia"></span>'''{{flag|Armenia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Armenia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
| style="background:#fcc;"|Not recognised by [[#Pakistan|Pakistan]]
{{extent}}Armenia is [[Armenia–Pakistan relations|not recognised]] by Pakistan due to [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|the dispute]] over [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf|title=Pakistan Worldview, Report 21, Visit to Azerbaijan|publisher=Senate of Pakistan Foreign Relations Committee|date=2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219074354/http://foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country"|url=http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html|date=13 September 2006|access-date=11 June 2023 |website=Today.az |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813064453/http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html |archive-date=13 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.az/articles/armenia/86325|title=Pakistan the only country not recognising Armenia – envoy|publisher=News.Az|date=5 February 2014|access-date=17 February 2014|quote=We are the only country not recognising Armenia as a state.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223095734/http://news.az/articles/armenia/86325|archive-date=23 February 2014}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=December 2024|reason=There appears to have been an offensive in 2023, which may have changed the status of this; sources are from long before then}}
|-
|<span id="Australia"></span>'''{{flag|Australia}}'''&nbsp;– Commonwealth of Australia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Australia is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"}} and a [[federation]] of both [[States and territories of Australia|states and territories]]. There are six states, three internal territories, six external territories and one [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic external territory. The external territories of Australia are:
 
* {{noflag|[[Ashmore and Cartier Islands]]}}
==F==
* {{flag|Christmas Island}}
[[Fiji]] - [[Finland]] - [[France]]
* {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}
* {{noflag|[[Coral Sea Islands Territory]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Heard Island and McDonald Islands]]}}
* {{flag|Norfolk Island}}
* ''{{noflag|[[Australian Antarctic Territory]]}}''
|-
|<span id="Austria"></span>'''{{flag|Austria}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Austria
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the [[European Union]].{{efn|The member states of the [[European Union]] have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of [[supranational union]]. The EU has 27 member states.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Country profiles|url=https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/country-profiles_en|access-date=11 June 2023|website=The European Union|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426190108/https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/country-profiles_en|url-status=live}}</ref>|name="EU"}} Austria is a [[federation]] of [[Federal states of Austria|nine states]].
|-
|<span id="Azerbaijan"></span>'''{{flag|Azerbaijan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Azerbaijan{{efn|"Azerbaijan Republic" is sometimes used in an official capacity.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Bahamas"></span>'''{{flag|Bahamas|name=Bahamas, The}}'''&nbsp;– Commonwealth of The Bahamas<ref>{{cite web|title=Bahamas, The {{!}} The Commonwealth|url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/bahamas|website=thecommonwealth.org|date=15 August 2013|access-date=12 March 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309082734/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/bahamas|archive-date=9 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The Bahamas is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
|<span id="Bahrain"></span>'''{{flag|Bahrain}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Bahrain
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Bangladesh"></span>'''{{flag|Bangladesh}}'''&nbsp;– People's Republic of Bangladesh
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Barbados"></span>'''{{flag|Barbados}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Belarus"></span>'''{{flag|Belarus}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Belarus
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Many states [[International reactions to the 2020 Belarusian presidential election and protests|rescinded their recognition]] of President [[Alexander Lukashenko]] following [[2020 Belarusian presidential election|the disputed 2020 election]]. [[#Lithuania|Lithuania]] currently recognises [[Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya]]'s [[Coordination Council (Belarus)|Coordination Council]] as the legitimate government of Belarus.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania |author1-link=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Lithuania) |title=Lithuanian Foreign Ministry's statement on the situation in Belarus |url=https://www.mfa.lt/default/en/news/lithuanian-foreign-ministrys-statement-on-the-situation-in-belarus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703061115/https://www.mfa.lt/default/en/news/lithuanian-foreign-ministrys-statement-on-the-situation-in-belarus |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=14 March 2022 |date=23 September 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|<span id="Belgium"></span>'''{{flag|Belgium}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Belgium
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Belgium is a [[federation]] of [[Communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium|three linguistic communities and three regions]].
|-
|<span id="Belize"></span>'''{{flag|Belize}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Belize is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
|<span id="Benin"></span>'''{{flag|Benin}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Benin
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Bhutan"></span>'''{{flag|Bhutan}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Bhutan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Bolivia"></span>'''{{flag|Bolivia}}'''&nbsp;– Plurinational State of Bolivia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Bosnia and Herzegovina"></span>'''{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Bosnia and Herzegovina has two constituent ''entities'':
 
* {{noflag|[[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]}}
==G==
* {{flag|Republika Srpska}}
[[Gabon]] - [[The Gambia]] - [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] - [[Germany]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Greece]] - [[Grenada]] - [[Guatemala]] - [[Guinea]] - [[Guinea-Bissau]] - [[Guyana]]
 
and [[Brčko District]], a self-governing administrative ''district''.<ref name="Stjepanović2015">{{cite journal |title=Dual Substate Citizenship as Institutional Innovation: The Case of Bosnia's Brčko District |journal=Nationalism and Ethnic Politics |date=2015 |pages=382–383 |first=Dejan |last=Stjepanović |volume=21 |issue=4 |doi=10.1080/13537113.2015.1095043 |s2cid=146578107 |issn=1353-7113 |eissn=1557-2986 |oclc=5927465455}}</ref>
==H==
|-
[[Haiti]] - Holy See (see [[Vatican City]]<sup>[[#Notes|4]]</sup>) - [[Honduras]] - [[Hungary]]
|<span id="Botswana"></span>'''{{flag|Botswana}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Botswana
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Brazil"></span>'''{{flag|Brazil}}'''&nbsp;– Federative Republic of Brazil
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Brazil is a [[federation]] of [[Federative units of Brazil|26 states and one federal district]].
|-
|<span id="Brunei"></span>'''{{flag|Brunei}}'''&nbsp;– Brunei Darussalam
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Bulgaria"></span>'''{{flag|Bulgaria}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Bulgaria
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Burkina Faso"></span>'''{{flag|Burkina Faso}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Burundi"></span>'''{{flag|Burundi}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Burundi
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Cambodia"></span>'''{{flag|Cambodia}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Cambodia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Cameroon"></span>'''{{flag|Cameroon}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Cameroon
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Canada"></span>'''{{flag|Canada}}'''{{efn|The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: [[Name of Canada#Use of Dominion|Use of Dominion]], [[Dominion#Canada]].}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Canada is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"}} and a [[Canadian federalism|federation]] of [[Provinces and territories of Canada|10 provinces and three territories]].
|-
|<span id="Cape Verde"></span>'''{{flag|Cape Verde}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Cabo Verde{{efn|The government of Cape Verde declared "Cabo Verde" to be the official English name of the country in 2013.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa/|title=Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change|author=Tanya Basu|magazine=[[National Geographic]]|date=14 December 2013|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020000546/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa/|archive-date=20 October 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Central African Republic"></span>'''{{flag|Central African Republic}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Chad"></span>'''{{flag|Chad}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Chad
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Chile"></span>'''{{flag|Chile}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Chile
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Chile has one special territory, [[Easter Island]].{{efn|name="ChileanAntarctic"|Chile's [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic territory of the ''[[Chilean Antarctic Territory|Chilean Antarctic]]'' (''Antártica Chilena'') is a [[Communes of Chile|commune]] of the [[Antártica Chilena Province]] of the [[Magallanes Region]].}}
|-
|<span id="China"></span>'''{{flag|China}}'''&nbsp;– People's Republic of China{{efn|name="ChinaTaiwan"|The [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as [[Chinese Taipei]], or by other [[Chinese Taipei#Other alternative references to Taiwan|alternative names]].}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[Foreign relations of China#Countries without diplomatic relations with the PRC|Partially unrecognised]]. {{claimedby|ROC}}
{{extent}}China contains five autonomous regions, [[Guangxi]], [[Inner Mongolia]], [[Ningxia]], [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], and [[Xinjiang]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} Additionally, it has sovereignty over two [[special administrative regions of China|Special Administrative Regions]]:
 
* {{flag|Hong Kong}}
==I==
* {{flag|Macao}}
[[Iceland]] - [[India]] - [[Indonesia]] - [[Iran]] - [[Iraq]] - [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] - [[Israel]] - [[Italy]] - Ivory Coast (see [[Côte d'Ivoire]])
 
China claims, but does not control, [[#Taiwan|Taiwan]], which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.{{efn|name="TAI2"|In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in [[Taipei]]. The CCP established the PRC. As such, the [[political status of Taiwan|political status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan]] (alongside the [[Taiwan Area|territories]] under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the [[China and the United Nations|China seat]] to the PRC. In the view of the United Nations, no member of the organization withdrew as a consequence of this, but the ROC representatives declared that they were withdrawing. Most states recognise the PRC to be the [[One China|sole legitimate representative]] of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]]". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwan independence]].}}
==J==
[[Jamaica]] - [[Japan]] - [[Jordan]]
 
China is not recognised by [[Foreign relations of China#Countries without diplomatic relations with the PRC|{{numrec|Republic of China|link=N}}]] UN member states and [[#Vatican City|Vatican City]], which, with the exception of [[#Bhutan|Bhutan]], all recognise the Republic of China (Taiwan) instead.{{efn|See also [[Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China]] and [[Foreign relations of China]].}}
==K==
|-
[[Kazakhstan]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Kiribati]] - [[North Korea|Korea, North]] - [[South Korea|Korea, South]] - [[Kuwait]] - [[Kyrgyzstan]]
|<span id="Colombia"></span>'''{{flag|Colombia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Colombia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Comoros"></span>'''{{flag|Comoros}}'''&nbsp;– Union of the Comoros
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Comoros is a [[federation]] of [[Politics of the Comoros#Autonomous islands|three islands]].{{efn|name="federal"|More information on more or less [[federation|federal]] structures can be found at [[Federation#Federal governments|Federal governments]].<ref>Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.</ref>}}
|-
|<span id="Democratic Republic of the Congo"></span>'''{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|name=Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}'''{{efn|Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as [[Zaire]], its official name from 1971 to 1997.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Republic of the Congo"></span>'''{{flag|Republic of the Congo|name=Congo, Republic of the}}'''{{efn|Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Costa Rica"></span>'''{{flag|Costa Rica}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Costa Rica
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Croatia"></span>'''{{flag|Croatia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Croatia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Cuba"></span>'''{{flag|Cuba}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Cuba
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Cyprus"></span>'''{{flag|Cyprus}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Cyprus
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
| style="background:#fcc;" |Not recognised by [[#Turkey|Turkey]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/07/07/kakouris.cyprus/|publisher=CNN|title=Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey|author=Andreas S. Kakouris|date=9 July 2010|access-date=17 May 2014|quote=Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognise the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognise the Republic of Cyprus and its government.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518074323/http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/07/07/kakouris.cyprus/|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><!-- and [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]{{cn|date=17 May 2014}} -->
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]].
 
Cyprus is not recognised by [[#Turkey|Turkey]] due to the [[Cyprus problem]], with Turkey recognising [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]].
==L==
|-
|<span id="Czech Republic"></span>'''{{flag|Czech Republic}}'''{{efn|An official short name in English has been adopted by the Czech government, "''Czechia''". This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organizations including the United Nations. See [[Name of the Czech Republic]].}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Denmark"></span>'''{{flag|Kingdom of Denmark|name=Denmark}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Denmark
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} The [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]] includes two self-governing territories:
* {{flag|Faroe Islands}}
* {{flag|Greenland}}
 
The [[Denmark|metropolitan territory of Denmark]], the Faroe Islands and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom.{{efn|The designation "Denmark" can refer either to Metropolitan Denmark or to the entire Danish Realm (e.g. in international organisations).}} The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but [[Law of the European Union|EU law]] (in most cases) does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland. See [[Greenland and the European Union]], and [[Faroe Islands and the European Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.dk/_p_12710.html |title=Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands : No. 137 of March 23, 1948 |website=Statsministeriat |___location=Copenhagen |access-date=20 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910005827/http://www.stm.dk/_p_12710.html |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.dk/_p_12712.html |title=The Greenland Home Rule Act : Act No. 577 of 29 November 1978 |website=Statsministeriat |___location=Copenhagen |access-date=20 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214060548/http://www.stm.dk/_p_12712.html |archive-date=14 February 2014}}</ref>
[[Laos]] - [[Latvia]] - [[Lebanon]] - [[Lesotho]] - [[Liberia]] - [[Libya]] - [[Liechtenstein]] - [[Lithuania]] - [[Luxembourg]]
|-
|<span id="Djibouti"></span>'''{{flag|Djibouti}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Djibouti
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Dominica"></span>'''{{flag|Dominica}}'''&nbsp;– Commonwealth of Dominica
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Dominican Republic"></span>'''{{flag|Dominican Republic}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Ecuador"></span>'''{{flag|Ecuador}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Ecuador
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Egypt"></span>'''{{flag|Egypt}}'''&nbsp;– Arab Republic of Egypt
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="El Salvador"></span>'''{{flag|El Salvador}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of El Salvador
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Equatorial Guinea"></span>'''{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Equatorial Guinea
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Eritrea"></span>'''{{flag|Eritrea}}'''&nbsp;– State of Eritrea
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Estonia"></span>'''{{flag|Estonia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Estonia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Eswatini"></span>'''{{flag|Eswatini}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Eswatini{{efn|Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Ethiopia"></span>'''{{flag|Ethiopia}}'''&nbsp;– Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Ethiopia is a [[federation]] of [[Regions of Ethiopia|12 regions and two chartered cities]].
<!--The European Union is not a sovereign state and should not be included-->
|-
|<span id="Fiji"></span>'''{{flag|Fiji}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Fiji
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Fiji contains one autonomous region, [[Rotuma]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Laws of Fiji |place=Suva, Fiji |publisher=Government of Fiji |year=1927 |edition=1978 |chapter=Rotuma Act |chapter-url=http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html |access-date=10 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621140255/http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html |archive-date=21 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister |title=Chapter 122: Rotuma Act |work=Laws of Fiji |publisher=[[University of the South Pacific]] |year=1978 |url=http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/ |access-date=10 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301163146/http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/ |archive-date=1 March 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|<span id="Finland"></span>'''{{flag|Finland}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Finland
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
 
* {{flag|Åland}} is a neutral and demilitarized autonomous region of Finland.{{efn|name="autonomous"}}{{efn|[[Åland]] was demilitarized by the [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1856, which was later affirmed by the [[League of Nations]] in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on [[1995 enlargement of the European Union|Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995]].}}
==M==
|-
[[Republic of Macedonia]]<sup>[[#Notes|6]]</sup>- [[Madagascar]] - [[Malawi]] - [[Malaysia]] - [[Maldives]] - [[Mali]] - [[Malta]] - [[Marshall Islands]] - [[Mauritania]] - [[Mauritius]] - [[Mexico]] - [[Federated States of Micronesia]] - [[Moldova]] - [[Monaco]] - [[Mongolia]] - [[Morocco]] - [[Mozambique]] - [[Myanmar]]
|<span id="France"></span>'''{{flag|France}}'''&nbsp;– French Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} France contains five [[Overseas departments and regions of France|overseas regions/departments]]; [[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]], and [[Réunion]]. France also includes eight [[Overseas France|overseas territories]]:
 
* {{noflag|[[Clipperton Island]]}}
==N==
* {{flag|French Polynesia}}
[[Namibia]] - [[Nauru]] - [[Nepal]] - [[Netherlands]] - [[New Zealand]]<sup>[[#Notes|2]]</sup> - [[Nicaragua]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nigeria]] - [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]<sup>[[#Notes|8]]</sup> - [[North Korea]] - [[Norway]]
* {{flag|New Caledonia}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Barthélemy]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint Martin]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Wallis and Futuna]]}}
* {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}}{{efn|name="Adélie"|France's [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic territory of ''[[Adélie Land]]'' (''Terre Adélie'') is one of five constituent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.}}
|-
|<span id="Gabon"></span>'''{{flag|Gabon}}'''&nbsp;– Gabonese Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Gambia"></span>'''{{flag|Gambia|name=Gambia, The}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of The Gambia<ref>{{cite web|title=The Gambia profile|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13376517|website=BBC News|access-date=12 March 2018|date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311064543/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13376517|archive-date=11 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Georgia"></span>'''{{flag|Georgia (country)|name=Georgia}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Georgia contains two autonomous republics, [[Adjara]] and [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} In [[#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] and [[#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]], de facto states have been formed.
|-
|<span id="Germany"></span>'''{{flag|Germany}}'''&nbsp;– Federal Republic of Germany
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Germany is a [[federation]] of [[States of Germany|16 states]].
|-
|<span id="Ghana"></span>'''{{flag|Ghana}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Ghana
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Greece"></span>'''{{flag|Greece}}'''&nbsp;– Hellenic Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Greece contains one autonomous area, [[Mount Athos]].<ref>Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.</ref>
|-
|<span id="Grenada"></span>'''{{flag|Grenada}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Grenada is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
|<span id="Guatemala"></span>'''{{flag|Guatemala}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Guatemala
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Guinea"></span>'''{{flag|Guinea}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Guinea{{efn|Also known as Guinea-Conakry.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Guinea-Bissau"></span>'''{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Guinea-Bissau
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Guyana"></span>'''{{flag|Guyana}}'''&nbsp;– Co-operative Republic of Guyana
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Haiti"></span>'''{{flag|Haiti}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Haiti
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Honduras"></span>'''{{flag|Honduras}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Honduras
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Hungary"></span>'''{{flag|Hungary}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Iceland"></span>'''{{flag|Iceland}}'''{{efn|name="Republic"|While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/281235/Iceland|title=Iceland - Culture, History, & People|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718220132/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/281235/Iceland|archive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/26th-gegn-docs/WP/WP54_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%202011.pdf |title=Working Paper No. 54 : UNGEGN list of country names (Prepared by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names) |___location=Vienna |date=May 2011 |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811023432/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/26th-gegn-docs/WP/WP54_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%202011.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref> and sometimes its counterpart ''Lýðveldið Ísland'' in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54970|title=Hvert er formlegt heiti landsins okkar?|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722022935/http://visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54970|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> One example of the former is the name of the [[Constitution of Iceland]], which in Icelandic is ''Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands'' and is translated to "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, in this usage, "republic" is not capitalized.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="India"></span>'''{{flag|India}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of India
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}India is a [[federation]] of [[States and union territories of India|28 states and eight union territories]].
|-
|<span id="Indonesia"></span>'''{{flag|Indonesia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Indonesia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Indonesia has nine autonomous [[Provinces of Indonesia|provinces]]: [[Aceh]], [[Jakarta]], [[Central Papua]], [[Highland Papua]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]], [[South Papua]], [[Southwest Papua]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]], and [[Special Region of Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Iran"></span>'''{{flag|Iran}}'''&nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Iran
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Iraq"></span>'''{{flag|Iraq}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Iraq
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Iraq is a [[federation]]{{efn|name="federal"}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160518175432/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Iraqi constitution|archivedate=18 May 2016}}</ref> of [[Governorates of Iraq|19 governorates]], four of which make up the autonomous [[Kurdistan Region]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Ireland"></span>'''{{flag|Ireland}}'''{{efn|"Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official ''description'' in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger [[Ireland|island of Ireland]], however, this is officially deprecated.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=46 |pages=72–90 |number=1 |date=January 2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press on behalf of The North American Conference on British Studies |doi=10.1086/508399 |jstor=10.1086/508399 |title=The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"? |last=Daly |first=Mary E. |doi-access=free |issn=0021-9371}}</ref> See [[names of the Irish state]].}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Israel"></span>'''{{flag|Israel}}'''&nbsp;– State of Israel
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[International recognition of Israel|Partially unrecognised]]
{{extent}}Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by [[#Palestine|Palestine]]. It has annexed [[East Jerusalem]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm|title=Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel|website=www.knesset.gov.il|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905144734/http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm|archive-date=5 September 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> an act not recognised by the international community.<ref name=dis>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html |title=Disputes: International |publisher=CIA World Factbook |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514215411/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html |archive-date=14 May 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Israel has [[West Bank areas in the Oslo II Accord|varying levels of control]] over the rest of the [[West Bank]], and although it ended its [[Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip|permanent civilian or military presence]] in the [[Gaza Strip]], it is still considered to be the occupying power under international law.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bell |first=Abraham |title=International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense |work=Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29 |publisher=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs |date=28 January 2008 |url=http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |archive-date=21 June 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Salih |first=Zak M. |title=Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status |publisher=[[University of Virginia School of Law]] |date=17 November 2005 |url=http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation |publisher=Human Rights Watch |date=29 October 2004 |url=https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101210931/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm |archive-date=1 November 2008 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=occ>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429|page=429|first=Andrew|last=Sanger|chapter=The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla |title=Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010|volume=13|editor=M.N. Schmitt |editor2=Louise Arimatsu |editor3=Tim McCormack|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|date=2011|isbn=978-90-6704-811-8|quote=It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.|doi=10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14}}<br />* {{cite book|title=International Law and the Classification of Conflicts|editor=Elizabeth Wilmshurst|first=Iain|last=Scobbie|author-link=Iain Scobbie|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2012|isbn=978-0-19-965775-9|page=295|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295|quote=Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.}}<br />* {{cite book|title=Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships|first=Michelle|last=Gawerc|publisher=Lexington Books|date=2012|isbn=9780739166109|page=44|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44|quote=In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.}}</ref>
Israel is not recognised as a state by [[International recognition of Israel|28 UN members]] and the [[#SADR|Sahrawi Republic]]. The [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], recognised by a majority of UN member states as the representative of the Palestinian people, [[Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition|recognised Israel in 1993]].
 
|-
==O==
|<span id="Italy"></span>'''{{flag|Italy}}'''&nbsp;– Italian Republic
[[Oman]]
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} [[Italy]] has five autonomous regions: [[Aosta Valley]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]] and [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Ivory Coast"></span>'''{{flag|Ivory Coast}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Côte d'Ivoire{{efn|The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Jamaica"></span>'''{{flag|Jamaica}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Jamaica is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
|<span id="Japan"></span>'''{{flag|Japan}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
 
|<span id="Jordan"></span>'''{{flag|Jordan}}'''&nbsp;– Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
==P==
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
[[Pakistan]] - [[Palau]] - [[Palestine]] (see [[West Bank]], [[Gaza Strip]])<sup>[[#Notes|3]]</sup> - [[Panama]] - [[Papua New Guinea]] - [[Paraguay]] - [[Peru]] - [[Philippines]] - [[Poland]] - [[Portugal]]
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Kazakhstan"></span>'''{{flag|Kazakhstan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Kazakhstan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Kenya"></span>'''{{flag|Kenya}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Kenya
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Kiribati"></span>'''{{flag|Kiribati}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Kiribati
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Kuwait"></span>'''{{flag|Kuwait}}'''&nbsp;– State of Kuwait
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Kyrgyzstan"></span>'''{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}'''&nbsp;– Kyrgyz Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Laos"></span>'''{{flag|Laos}}'''&nbsp;– Lao People's Democratic Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Latvia"></span>'''{{flag|Latvia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Latvia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Lebanon"></span>'''{{flag|Lebanon}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Lebanon
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Lesotho"></span>'''{{flag|Lesotho}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Lesotho
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Liberia"></span>'''{{flag|Liberia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Liberia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Libya"></span>'''{{flag|Libya}}'''&nbsp;– State of Libya
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Liechtenstein"></span>'''{{flag|Liechtenstein}}'''&nbsp;– Principality of Liechtenstein
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Lithuania"></span>'''{{flag|Lithuania}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Lithuania
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Luxembourg"></span>'''{{flag|Luxembourg}}'''&nbsp;– Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Madagascar"></span>'''{{flag|Madagascar}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Madagascar
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Malawi"></span>'''{{flag|Malawi}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Malawi
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Malaysia"></span>'''{{flag|Malaysia}}'''&nbsp;
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Malaysia is a [[federation]] of [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|13 states and three federal territories]].
|-
|<span id="Maldives"></span>'''{{flag|Maldives}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Maldives
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Mali"></span>'''{{flag|Mali}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Mali
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Malta"></span>'''{{flag|Malta}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Malta
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Marshall Islands"></span>'''{{flag|Marshall Islands}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of the Marshall Islands
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]].
|-
|<span id="Mauritania"></span>'''{{flag|Mauritania}}'''&nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Mauritania
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Mauritius"></span>'''{{flag|Mauritius}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Mauritius
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Mauritius has an autonomous island, [[Rodrigues]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Mexico"></span>'''{{flag|Mexico}}'''&nbsp;– United Mexican States
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Mexico is a [[federation]] of [[Administrative divisions of Mexico|31 states and one autonomous city]].
|-
|<span id="Micronesia"></span>'''{{flag|Federated States of Micronesia|name=Micronesia, Federated States of}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]]. The Federated States of Micronesia is a [[federation]] of [[Administrative divisions of the Federated States of Micronesia|four states]].
|-
|<span id="Moldova"></span>'''{{flag|Moldova}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Moldova
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Moldova has two [[Administrative divisions of Moldova|autonomous territorial units]], [[Gagauzia]] and the [[Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester|Left Bank of the Dniester]]. The latter and a city, [[Bender, Moldova|Bender]] (Tighina), are under the ''de facto'' control of [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]].
|-
|<span id="Monaco"></span>'''{{flag|Monaco}}'''&nbsp;– Principality of Monaco
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Mongolia"></span>'''{{flag|Mongolia}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Montenegro"></span>'''{{flag|Montenegro}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Morocco"></span>'''{{flag|Morocco}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Morocco
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Part of the Moroccan-claimed [[Western Sahara]] is controlled by the partially recognised [[#SADR|Sahrawi Republic]].
|-
|<span id="Mozambique"></span>'''{{flag|Mozambique}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Mozambique
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Myanmar"></span>'''{{flag|Myanmar}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of the Union of Myanmar{{efn|The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. See [[Names of Myanmar]].}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}[[Wa State]] is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. The United Nations has not recognised the de facto ruling government of Myanmar, the [[State Administration Council]].<ref name="UN_Seats_Denied" /> <!--France has only begun the process of recognising the NUG by passing a bill in the Senate-->
|-
|<span id="Namibia"></span>'''{{flag|Namibia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Namibia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Nauru"></span>'''{{flag|Nauru}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Nauru
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Nepal"></span>'''{{flag|Nepal}}'''&nbsp;– Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Nepal is a [[federation]] composed of [[Provinces of Nepal|seven provinces]].
|-
|<span id="Netherlands"></span>'''{{flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of the Netherlands
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} The [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] includes four areas with substantial autonomy:
 
* {{flag|Aruba}}
==Q==
* {{flag|Curaçao}}
[[Qatar]]
* {{flag|Netherlands}}
* {{flag|Sint Maarten}}
 
The Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three overseas parts of the Netherlands ([[Bonaire]], [[Saba (island)|Saba]] and [[Sint Eustatius]]) are [[Caribbean Netherlands|special municipalities]] of the metropolitan Netherlands.{{efn|The designation "the Netherlands" can refer either to the Metropolitan [[Netherlands]] or to the entire [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Kingdom]] (e.g. in international organisations).}} The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but [[Law of the European Union|EU law]] only wholly applies to parts within Europe.
==R==
|-
[[Romania]] - [[Russia]] - [[Rwanda]]
|<span id="New Zealand"></span>'''{{flag|New Zealand}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}New Zealand is a [[Commonwealth realm]],{{efn|name="realm"}} and has one dependent territory and one [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territory:
 
* {{flag|Tokelau}}
==S==
* ''{{noflag|[[Ross Dependency]]}}''
[[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] - [[Saint Lucia]] - [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] - [[Samoa]] - [[San Marino]] - [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] - [[Saudi Arabia]] - [[Senegal]] - [[Serbia and Montenegro]] - [[Seychelles]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Singapore]] - [[Slovakia]] - [[Slovenia]] - [[Solomon Islands]] - [[Somalia]] - [[Somaliland]]<sup>[[#Notes|7]]</sup> - [[South Africa]] - [[South Korea]] - [[South Ossetia]]<sup>[[#Notes|7]]</sup> - [[Spain]] - [[Sri Lanka]] - [[Sudan]] - [[Suriname]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Sweden]] - [[Switzerland]] - [[Syria]]
 
The [[New Zealand Government]] acts for the entire [[Realm of New Zealand]] in all international contexts, which has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely [[associated state]]s:
==T==
Taiwan (see [[Republic of China]]<sup>[[#Notes|1]]</sup>) - [[Tajikistan]] - [[Tanzania]] - [[Thailand]] - Timor Leste (see [[East Timor]]) - [[Togo]] - [[Tonga]] - [[Trinidad and Tobago]] - [[Tunisia]] - [[Turkey]] - [[Turkmenistan]] - [[Tuvalu]]
 
* {{flag|Cook Islands}}
==U==
* {{flag|Niue}}
[[Uganda]] - [[Ukraine]] - [[United Arab Emirates]] - [[United Kingdom]] - [[United States|United States of America]] - [[Uruguay]] - [[Uzbekistan]]
 
The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with {{Numrel|CK|alt2= |}} and {{Numrel|Niue|alt2= |}} UN members respectively.<ref>{{cite web |author=Federal Foreign Office of Germany |title=Beziehungen zu Deutschland |publisher=Government of Germany |date=November 2009 |url=http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723070259/http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html |archive-date=23 July 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}} For more information, see [[Foreign relations of the Cook Islands]].</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations |title=Foreign Affairs |publisher=United Nations |url=http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html |access-date=16 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004083335/http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html |archive-date=4 October 2014}}</ref> They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,<ref name="untreaty1">{{cite web |url=http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf |title=Article 102, Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, Supplement No. 8, Volume VI (1989–1994) |website=untreaty.un.org |access-date=15 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403031600/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and are members of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]].
==V==
|-
[[Vanuatu]] - [[Vatican City]]<sup>[[#Notes|4]]</sup> (''Holy See'') - [[Venezuela]] - [[Vietnam]]
|<span id="Nicaragua"></span>'''{{flag|Nicaragua}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Nicaragua
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, [[North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region|North Caribbean Coast]] and [[South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region|South Caribbean Coast]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Niger"></span>'''{{flag|Niger}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of the Niger
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Nigeria"></span>'''{{flag|Nigeria}}'''&nbsp;– Federal Republic of Nigeria
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Nigeria is a [[federation]] of [[States of Nigeria|36 states and one federal territory]].
|-
|<span id="North Korea"></span>'''{{flag|North Korea}}'''&nbsp;– Democratic People's Republic of Korea
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|SKOREA}}
{{extent}}North Korea is not recognised by one UN member, [[#South Korea|South Korea]], which claims to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html |date=June 22, 1965 |website=ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp |title=Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea |access-date=27 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313123054/http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html |archive-date=13 March 2009 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|<span id="North Macedonia"></span>'''{{flag|North Macedonia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of North Macedonia{{efn|Formerly known constitutionally as the "Republic of Macedonia" from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to the [[Macedonia naming dispute]] with [[Greece]]. Following the [[Prespa Agreement]] going into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed "North Macedonia".}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Norway"></span>'''{{flag|Norway}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Norway
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Norway has two [[unincorporated area]]s in Europe:
 
* {{noflag|[[Svalbard]]}} is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the [[Svalbard Treaty]].
==W==
* {{noflag|[[Jan Mayen]]}} is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.
[[Western Sahara]]<sup>[[#Notes|5]]</sup>
 
Norway has one [[Dependencies of Norway|dependent territory]] and two [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territories in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]:
==Y==
[[Yemen]]
 
* {{noflag|[[Bouvet Island]]}}
==Z==
* ''{{noflag|[[Peter I Island]]}}''
* ''{{noflag|[[Queen Maud Land]]}}''
|-
|<span id="Oman"></span>'''{{flag|Oman}}'''&nbsp;– Sultanate of Oman
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Pakistan"></span>'''{{flag|Pakistan}}'''&nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Pakistan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Pakistan is a [[federation]] of [[Administrative units of Pakistan|four provinces and one capital territory]]. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of [[Kashmir]], but has not officially annexed any of it,<ref>Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Aslam, Tasnim |title=Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part... |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374 |newspaper=Outlook India |publisher=The Outlook Group |date=11 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213213928/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374 |archive-date=13 December 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |access-date=27 February 2011}}</ref> instead regarding it as a disputed territory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Kristen P. |title=Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2001 |pages=154–155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYmurpH3ahsC |isbn=978-0-275-96934-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pruthi |first=R.K. |title=An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21st Century |publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=2001 |pages=120–121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3yDkKDbZ3YC |isbn=978-81-261-1091-9}}</ref> The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:
 
* {{flag|Azad Kashmir}}
[[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]]
* {{noflag|[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]}}
 
Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&catid=14 |title=Azad Kashmir Day |access-date=2014-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812174212/http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&catid=14 |archive-date=12 August 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="gbtribune.files.wordpress.com">{{cite web |url=http://gbtribune.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/self-governance-order-2009.pdf |title=To Be Published In The Next Issue Of The |access-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905063539/http://gbtribune.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/self-governance-order-2009.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="AJ&KHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.ajk.gov.pk/history.php|title=AJ&K History|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106174235/http://www.ajk.gov.pk/history.php|archive-date=6 January 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defense) are performed by Pakistan.<ref name="gbtribune.files.wordpress.com"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-aRAwAAQBAJ&q=azad+kashmir+gilgit+baltistan&pg=PA1100|title=Political Handbook of the World 2014|access-date=5 October 2014|isbn=9781483333281|last1=Lansford|first1=Tom|date=2014-04-08|publisher=SAGE Publications}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ajkassembly.gok.pk/AJK_Interim_Constitution_Act_1974.pdf# |title=The Azad Jammu And Kashmir Interim Constitution Act, 1974 |format=PDF |access-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013171853/http://www.ajkassembly.gok.pk/AJK_Interim_Constitution_Act_1974.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|<span id="Palau"></span>'''{{flag|Palau}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Palau
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]].
|-
|<span id="Palestine"></span>'''{{flag|Palestine}}'''&nbsp;– State of Palestine
| style="background:#ddf;" |<span style="display:none">A</span> [[United Nations General Assembly observers#Current non-member observers|UN General Assembly observer state]]; member of two [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]<!-- {{cn|date=April 2021}} -- it appears that the convention on this page is to keep details and citations to the last column, which is where the details and citations for this claim can be found -->
| style="background:#fcc;" | [[International recognition of the State of Palestine|Partially unrecognised]]. [[Israeli-occupied territories|Occupied]] by [[#Israel|Israel]].
{{extent}}The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel but has received diplomatic recognition from {{Numrec|Palestine}} states.<ref>{{cite web|author=Palestine Liberation Organization|title=Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission|url=http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|publisher=Negotiations Affairs Department|access-date=28 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818214013/http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|archive-date=18 August 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.<ref>See the following on statehood criteria:
* {{cite web|author=Mendes, Errol|title=Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute|url=http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|pages=28, 33|date=30 March 2010|access-date=17 April 2011|postscript=:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831190057/http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|archive-date=31 August 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice".
* {{cite journal|author=McKinney, Kathryn M.|title=The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine|url=http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|journal=Seattle University Law Review|volume=18|issue=93|year=1994|page=97|publisher=Seattle University|access-date=17 April 2011|postscript=:|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|archive-date=22 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".
* {{cite journal|author=McDonald, Avril|title=Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute|url=https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|journal=Human Rights Brief|volume=25|date=Spring 2009|publisher=Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law|access-date=17 April 2011|postscript=:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329201731/https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|archive-date=29 March 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."</ref> The [[Palestinian Authority]] is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the [[Oslo Accords]] that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the [[occupied Palestinian territories]]. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]].<ref name="unnms"/> The State of Palestine is a member state of [[UNESCO]],<ref>{{cite web|author=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|title=Arab States: Palestine|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/|publisher=United Nations|access-date=3 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104131813/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/|archive-date=4 January 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization|UNIDO]] and other international organizations.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL34074.pdf|pages=40–41|date=18 March 2021|access-date=11 April 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513163558/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL34074.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|<span id="Panama"></span>'''{{flag|Panama}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Panama
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Papua New Guinea"></span>'''{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}'''&nbsp;– Independent State of Papua New Guinea
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Papua New Guinea is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"}} with one autonomous region, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Paraguay"></span>'''{{flag|Paraguay}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Paraguay
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Peru"></span>'''{{flag|Peru}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Peru
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Philippines"></span>'''{{flag|Philippines}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of the Philippines
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The Philippines contains one autonomous region, [[Bangsamoro]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Poland"></span>'''{{flag|Poland}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Poland
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Portugal"></span>'''{{flag|Portugal}}'''&nbsp;– Portuguese Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Portugal contains two autonomous regions, [[Azores|the Azores]] and [[Madeira]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Qatar"></span>'''{{flag|Qatar}}'''&nbsp;– State of Qatar
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Romania"></span>'''{{flag|Romania}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Russia"></span>'''{{flag|Russia}}'''&nbsp;– Russian Federation
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Russia is a [[federation]] of 83 internationally recognised [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]] (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Rwanda"></span>'''{{flag|Rwanda}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Rwanda
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Saint Kitts and Nevis"></span>'''{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}'''&nbsp;– Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Saint Kitts and Nevis is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"}} and is a [[federation]]{{efn|name="federal"}} of two islands, [[Saint Kitts]] and [[Nevis]].
|-
|<span id="Saint Lucia"></span>'''{{flag|Saint Lucia}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Saint Lucia is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
|<span id="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"></span>'''{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
|<span id="Samoa"></span>'''{{flag|Samoa}}'''&nbsp;– Independent State of Samoa
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="San Marino"></span>'''{{flag|San Marino}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of San Marino
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="São Tomé and Príncipe"></span>'''{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}'''&nbsp;– Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}São Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, [[Príncipe]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Saudi Arabia"></span>'''{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
<!--Sealand is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included-->
<!--Scotland is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included-->
|-
|<span id="Senegal"></span>'''{{flag|Senegal}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Senegal
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Serbia"></span>'''{{flag|Serbia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Serbia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Serbia contains two autonomous provinces, [[Vojvodina]] and [[Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija|Kosovo and Metohija]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} The latter is under the de facto control of [[#Kosovo|Kosovo]].
|-
|<span id="Seychelles"></span>'''{{flag|Seychelles}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Seychelles
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Sierra Leone"></span>'''{{flag|Sierra Leone}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Sierra Leone
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Singapore"></span>'''{{flag|Singapore}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Singapore
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Slovakia"></span>'''{{flag|Slovakia}}'''&nbsp;– Slovak Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Slovenia"></span>'''{{flag|Slovenia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Slovenia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Solomon Islands"></span>'''{{flag|Solomon Islands}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Solomon Islands is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
|<span id="Somalia"></span>'''{{flag|Somalia}}'''&nbsp;– Federal Republic of Somalia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Somalia is a federation of [[states and regions of Somalia|six states]]. Two, [[Puntland]] and [[Galmudug]], have self-declared autonomy, while one, [[#Somaliland|Somaliland]], is de facto independent.
|-
|<span id="South Africa"></span>'''{{flag|South Africa}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of South Africa
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="South Korea"></span>'''{{flag|South Korea}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Korea
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|NKOREA}}
{{extent}}South Korea has one autonomous region, [[Jeju Province]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}<ref>{{cite web|author=Keun Min|title=Greetings|publisher=Jeju Special Self-Governing Province|url=http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02|access-date=10 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502123553/http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
South Korea is not recognised by [[#North Korea|North Korea]], which claims to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]].
|-
|<span id="South Sudan"></span>'''{{flag|South Sudan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of South Sudan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}South Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of South Sudan|10 states and three administrative areas]].
 
The [[Abyei|Abyei Area]] is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and [[#Sudan|Sudan]], but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.<ref name=UNISFA2017>{{cite web|url=https://unisfa.unmissions.org/statement-unisfa-recent-spate-attacks-abyei|title=Statement from UNISFA on the recent spate of attacks in Abyei|website=UNmissions.org|date=18 October 2017|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022254/https://unisfa.unmissions.org/statement-unisfa-recent-spate-attacks-abyei|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=AbyeiName>{{cite web|url=http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/17103/Abyei-Administration-Area-Changes-Name.aspx|title=Abyei Administration Area Changes Name|website=Gurtong.net|date=29 July 2015|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022037/http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/17103/Abyei-Administration-Area-Changes-Name.aspx|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
----
|-
<small>
|<span id="Spain"></span>'''{{flag|Spain}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Spain
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Spain is divided into [[Autonomous communities of Spain|17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}{{efn|name="Plazas"|Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering [[Morocco]], known as the [[plazas de soberanía]].}}
|-
|<span id="Sri Lanka"></span>'''{{flag|Sri Lanka}}'''&nbsp;– Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka{{efn|Formerly known as [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]] until 1972.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Sudan"></span>'''{{flag|Sudan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of the Sudan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of Sudan|18 states]].
 
The [[Abyei|Abyei Area]] is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of [[#South Sudan|South Sudan]] and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.<ref name=UNISFA2017/><ref name=AbyeiName/>
|-
|<span id="Suriname"></span>'''{{flag|Suriname}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Suriname
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Sweden"></span>'''{{flag|Sweden}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Sweden
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
|<span id="Switzerland"></span>'''{{flag|Switzerland}}'''&nbsp;– Swiss Confederation
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Switzerland is a [[federation]] of [[Cantons of Switzerland|26 cantons]].
|-
|<span id="Syria"></span>'''{{flag|Syria}}'''&nbsp;– Syrian Arab Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}During the [[Syrian civil war]], the [[National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces|Syrian National Coalition]] (SNC) was [[National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces#International recognition|recognised]] as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members and established an [[Syrian Interim Government|interim government]] to rule rebel-controlled territory. After the [[fall of the Assad regime]], the SNC declared its allegiance to the new government.
Syria has one self-declared autonomous region, [[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|Rojava]].
|-
|<span id="Tajikistan"></span>'''{{flag|Tajikistan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Tajikistan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Tajikistan contains one autonomous region, [[Gorno-Badakhshan]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Tanzania"></span>'''{{flag|Tanzania}}'''&nbsp;– United Republic of Tanzania
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Tanzania contains one autonomous region, [[Zanzibar]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Thailand"></span>'''{{flag|Thailand}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Thailand
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Timor-Leste"></span>'''{{flag|Timor-Leste}}'''&nbsp;– Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste{{efn|Formerly also known as East Timor.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Togo"></span>'''{{flag|Togo}}'''&nbsp;– Togolese Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Tonga"></span>'''{{flag|Tonga}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Tonga
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Trinidad and Tobago"></span>'''{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Trinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, [[Tobago]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Tunisia"></span>'''{{flag|Tunisia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Tunisia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Turkey"></span>'''{{flag|Turkey}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Türkiye{{efn|Formerly the "Republic of Turkey". In 2023, the United Nations recognized "Türkiye" as the official English name of the country after a request made by the Turkish government.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Turkmenistan"></span>'''{{flag|Turkmenistan}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Tuvalu"></span>'''{{flag|Tuvalu}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Tuvalu is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
|<span id="Uganda"></span>'''{{flag|Uganda}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Uganda
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Ukraine"></span>'''{{flag|Ukraine}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Ukraine contains one autonomous region, the [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea]],{{efn|name="autonomous"}} which is under the control of [[#Russia|Russia]]. Seven other areas of Ukraine are under full or partial Russian control, including [[Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]], [[Kharkiv Oblast|Kharkiv]],<!-- Eastern part of Kharkiv Oblast is still occupied by Russia --> [[Kherson Oblast|Kherson]], [[Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]], [[Mykolaiv Oblast|Mykolaiv]],<!-- The Kinburn Peninsula of Mykolaiv Oblast is still occupied by Russia --> [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Zaporizhzhia]] oblasts and [[Sevastopol]].
|-
|<span id="United Arab Emirates"></span>'''{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The United Arab Emirates is a [[federation]] of [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|seven emirates]].
|-
|<span id="United Kingdom"></span>'''{{flag|United Kingdom}}'''&nbsp;– United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The United Kingdom is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"||group=}} consisting of [[countries of the United Kingdom|four constituent countries]]: [[England]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]]. The United Kingdom has the following 13 [[British Overseas Territories|overseas territories]] and one [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territory:
 
* {{noflag|[[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]{{Efn|There is no official flag for Akrotiri and Dhekelia; it is represented by the [[flag of the United Kingdom]], the [[Union Jack]]. See [[Flag of Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]}}}}
* {{flag|Anguilla}}
* {{flag|Bermuda}}
* {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
* {{flag|British Virgin Islands}}
* {{flag|Cayman Islands}}
* {{flag|Falkland Islands}}
* {{flag|Gibraltar}}
* {{flag|Montserrat}}
* {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] {{Efn|There is no official flag for Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; it is represented by the [[flag of the United Kingdom]], the [[Union Jack]]. However, the 3 islands that comprise it do have flags. See [[Flag of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]}}}}
* {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
* {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
* ''{{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}''
 
The [[The Crown|British monarch]] also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing [[Crown Dependencies]]:
 
* {{flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}}
* {{flag|Isle of Man}}
* {{flag|Jersey}}
|-
|<span id="United States"></span>'''{{flag|United States}}'''&nbsp;– United States of America
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The United States is a [[federation]] of [[List of states and territories of the United States|50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory]] ([[Palmyra Atoll]]).
 
Additionally, the [[federal government of the United States]] has sovereignty over 13 [[Territories of the United States#Incorporated vs. unincorporated territories|unincorporated territories]]. Of these unincorporated territories, five are inhabited possessions:
 
* {{flag|American Samoa}}
* {{flag|Guam}}
* {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}
* {{flag|Puerto Rico}}
* {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}}
 
The United States also has sovereignty over eight uninhabited territories:
 
* [[Baker Island]]
* [[Howland Island]]
* [[Jarvis Island]]
* [[Johnston Atoll]]
* [[Kingman Reef]]
* [[Midway Atoll]]
* [[Navassa Island]]
* [[Wake Island]]
 
The United States disputes sovereignty over two territories:
 
* ''[[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]''
* ''[[Serranilla Bank]]''
 
Three sovereign states have become [[associated state]]s of the United States under the [[Compact of Free Association]]:
 
* {{flag|Marshall Islands}}
* {{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
* {{flag|Palau}}
|-
|<span id="Uruguay"></span>'''{{flag|Uruguay}}'''&nbsp;– Oriental Republic of Uruguay
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Uzbekistan"></span>'''{{flag|Uzbekistan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Uzbekistan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Uzbekistan contains one autonomous region, [[Karakalpakstan]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
|<span id="Vanuatu"></span>'''{{flag|Vanuatu}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Vanuatu
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Vatican City"></span>'''{{flag|Vatican City}}'''&nbsp;– Vatican City State
| style="background:#ddf;" |<span style="display:none">A</span> [[United Nations General Assembly observers#Current non-member observers|UN General Assembly observer state]] under the designation of "[[Holy See]]"; member of three [[list of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Administered by the [[Holy See]], a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to {{Numrec|Holy See|N=3||states}} (including {{Numrec|Holy See|link=N}} UN member states, the [[#Cook Islands|Cook Islands]], the [[#Taiwan|Republic of China (Taiwan)]], and [[#Palestine|Palestine]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html|title=Bilateral relations of the Holy See|publisher=Holy See website|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709142833/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html|archive-date=9 July 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In addition, the [[European Union]] and the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of three [[list of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] ([[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]], [[Universal Postal Union|UPU]], and [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]]) and the [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]], as well as being a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")<ref name="unnms">{{cite web|title=Non-member States and Entities |url=https://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml |publisher=United Nations |access-date=30 August 2010 |date=29 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509204646/http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml |archive-date=9 May 2009}}</ref> and [[Foreign relations of the Holy See#Participation in international organizations|multiple other UN System organizations]]. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the [[Pope]], who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ''[[ex officio member|ex officio]]'' sovereign of Vatican City.
|-
|<span id="Venezuela"></span>'''{{flag|Venezuela}}'''&nbsp;– Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Venezuela is a [[federation]] of [[States of Venezuela|23 states]], [[Administrative divisions of Venezuela|one capital district, and federal dependencies]].
|-
|<span id="Vietnam"></span>'''{{flag|Vietnam}}'''&nbsp;– Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Yemen"></span>'''{{flag|Yemen}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Yemen
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Zambia"></span>'''{{flag|Zambia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Zambia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
|<span id="Zimbabwe"></span>'''{{flag|Zimbabwe}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Zimbabwe
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|}
 
===Other states===
{{col-begin|width=760px}}
{{col-2}}
'''"Membership within the UN System" column legend'''
{{legend|#e2efda|Member state of a UN Specialized Agency}}
{{legend|lemonchiffon|No membership}}
{{col-2}}
'''"Sovereignty dispute" column legend'''
{{legend|white|Undisputed sovereignty}}
{{legend|#fcc|Disputed sovereignty}}
{{col-end}}
{| class="sortable wikitable sticky-header" text-align:left;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;"| Common and formal names
! style="width:90pt;"| Membership within the [[United Nations System|UN System]]{{efn|name="membership"}}
! style="width:90pt;"| Sovereignty dispute{{efn|name="sd"}}
! class="unsortable"| Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty{{efn|name="fi"}}
|-
|<span id="Abkhazia"></span>'''{{flag|Abkhazia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Abkhazia
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" | Claimed by [[#Georgia|Georgia]]. [[Russian-occupied territories in Georgia|Occupied]] by [[#Russia|Russia]].
{{extent}}[[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Recognised by]] Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.<ref name=ASOTREC>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|date=17 November 2006|access-date=5 June 2011|script-title=ru:Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же|publisher=newsru.com|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416050525/http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|archive-date=16 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]].
|-
|<span id="Cook Islands"></span>'''{{flag|Cook Islands}}'''
| style="background:#e2efda;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of eight [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None<br /><small>(See [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|political status]])</small>
{{extent}}A state in [[associated state|free association]] with [[#New Zealand|New Zealand]], the Cook Islands maintains [[Foreign relations of the Cook Islands|diplomatic relations with at least 63 other states]] and is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. The Cook Islands is a member of [[list of specialized agencies of the United Nations|multiple UN agencies]] with full treaty-making capacity.<ref name="untreaty1"/> It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
|<span id="Kosovo"></span>'''{{flag|Kosovo}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Kosovo
| style="background:#e2efda;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of two [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|SERBIA}}
{{extent}}Pursuant to [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244]], Kosovo was placed under the administration of the [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/|website=UN|access-date=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225015010/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/|archive-date=25 December 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kosovo [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declared independence in 2008]], and it has {{Numrec|Kosovo|received diplomatic recognition from|UN member states}} and the [[#Taiwan|Republic of China (Taiwan)]], while 18 of those states have recognised Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/22340--18-k-sl03032020?lang=lat|title=''"Sijera Leone je 18. država koja je povukla priznanje tzv. Kosova"''|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=30 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130005310/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/22340--18-k-sl03032020?lang=lat|url-status=live}}</ref> Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank Group]]. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in [[North Kosovo]].
|-
|<span id="Niue"></span>'''{{flag|Niue}}'''
| style="background:#e2efda;"|<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of five [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None<br /><small>(See [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|political status]])</small>
{{extent}}A state in [[associated state|free association]] with [[#New Zealand|New Zealand]], Niue maintains [[Foreign relations of Niue|diplomatic relations with at least 28 other states]] and is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. Niue is a member of [[list of specialized agencies of the United Nations|multiple UN agencies]] with full treaty-making capacity.<ref name="untreaty1"/> It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
|<span id="Northern Cyprus"></span>'''{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}'''&nbsp;– Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" | Claimed by [[#Cyprus|Cyprus]]. [[Cyprus problem|Occupied]] by [[#Turkey|Turkey]].
{{extent}} [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|Recognised only by]] [[#Turkey|Turkey]]. Under the name "[[Turkish Cypriot State]]", it is an observer state of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] and the [[Economic Cooperation Organization]]. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the [[#Cyprus|Republic of Cyprus]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Cyprus|date=7 June 2023|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=11 June 2023|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202203/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|<span id="SADR"></span>'''{{flag|Sahrawi Republic}}'''&nbsp;– Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" | Claimed and [[Southern Provinces|occupied]] by [[#Morocco|Morocco]].
{{extent}}The [[Polisario Front]], which administers the Sahrawi Republic, is recognized by the UN as the [[List of active national liberation movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations|legitimate representative]] of the people of [[Western Sahara]].<ref>[https://documents.un.org/doc/resolution/gen/nr0/376/64/pdf/nr037664.pdf Question of Western Sahara] A/RES/34/37 (1979)</ref><ref>[https://documents.un.org/doc/resolution/gen/nr0/390/38/pdf/nr039038.pdf Question of Western Sahara] A/RES/35/19 (1980)</ref> Recognised at some stage by {{Numrec|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic||UN member states}}, {{Numrec|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|W=Y|link=N}} of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the [[African Union]], an international organization with [[United Nations General Assembly observers|permanent observer status]] at the UN General Assembly.
 
The territories under its control, the so-called [[Free Zone (region)|Free Zone]], are claimed in whole by [[#Morocco|Morocco]] as part of its [[Southern Provinces]]. In turn, the Sahrawi Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the [[Moroccan Western Sahara Wall|Moroccan sand wall]] controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in [[Tindouf]], [[#Algeria|Algeria]].
|-
|<span id="Somaliland"></span>'''{{flag|Somaliland}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Somaliland
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|SOMALIA}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state<ref name=montevideo>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC|last1=Ker-Lindsay|first1=James|title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States|page=53|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2012|quote=In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognised by any states: Transnistria, Nagorny Karabakh, and Somaliland.|access-date=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009041217/http://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC|archive-date=9 October 2013|url-status=live|isbn=9780199698394}}</ref><ref name=FailureofStates>{{cite journal|url=http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|last1=Kreuter|first1=Aaron|title=Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession|journal=[[Minnesota Journal of International Law]]|volume=19|pages=380–381|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Law School]]|year=2010|issue=2 |quote=Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.|access-date=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082111/http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=StrangeCase>{{cite journal|url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|last1=Arieff|first1=Alexis|title=de facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland|journal=[[Yale Journal of International Affairs]]|issue=Spring/Summer 2008|pages=1–79|publisher=International Affairs Council at Yale|access-date=17 April 2011|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|archive-date=13 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Foreign relations of Somaliland|not formally diplomatically recognised by]] any other state{{efn|Though [[Somaliland–Taiwan relations|de facto recognized by the Republic of China (Taiwan)]].}} and claimed in whole by the [[#Somalia|Federal Republic of Somalia]].<ref name="Somalilandprofile">{{cite web|title=Somaliland profile|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115069|website=[[BBC News]]|date=14 December 2017|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423054426/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115069|archive-date=23 April 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|<span id="South Ossetia"></span>'''{{flag|South Ossetia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" | Claimed by [[#Georgia|Georgia]]. [[Russian-occupied territories in Georgia|Occupied]] by [[#Russia|Russia]].
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jansen, Dinah|title=The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm|journal=Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security|pages=222–242|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie|isbn=978-1-896440-61-3|access-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819063355/https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm|archive-date=19 August 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognised by]] Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] through the [[Administration of South Ossetia]].<ref name="cnnAbSO">{{Cite news|title=Russia condemned for recognising rebel regions|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|newspaper=CNN.com|publisher=Cable News Network|date=26 August 2008|access-date=26 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829045537/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|archive-date=29 August 2008|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|<span id="Taiwan"></span>'''{{flag|Republic of China|name=Taiwan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of China{{efn|name="ChinaTaiwan"}}
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> UN member state until 1971, now no membership
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[Foreign relations of Taiwan|Partially unrecognised]]. {{claimedby|PRC}}.
{{extent}}A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the [[#China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the islands of [[geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[Penghu]], [[Kinmen]], the [[Matsu Islands]], and [[Pratas Island]], as well as [[Taiping Island]] and [[Zhongzhou Reef]] of the [[Spratly Islands]], and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the [[Mainland China|mainland]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview |work=[[Taipei Times]] |date=8 October 2008 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320 |access-date=13 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603213128/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320 |archive-date=3 June 2009 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The ROC is recognised by {{Numrec|Republic of China|alt=UN member states and the Holy See as of}} UN member states and [[#Vatican City|Vatican City]], none of which recognise the PRC. Additionally, one UN member ([[#Bhutan|Bhutan]]) has [[Foreign relations of Taiwan#Relations with neither the ROC nor the PRC|refrained from recognising]] either the ROC or the PRC.
In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/News_Content3.aspx?n=A88B8E342A02AD0A&s=F1B6AD3B065E43D8|script-title=zh:中華民國國情介紹|date=22 March 2017|website=2.16.886.101.20003|access-date=20 April 2022|archive-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702041112/https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/News_Content3.aspx?n=A88B8E342A02AD0A&s=F1B6AD3B065E43D8|url-status=live}}</ref> with 58 UN member states, one [[list of states with limited recognition|self-declared state]] ([[#Somaliland|Somaliland]]), three territories ([[Guam]], [[Hong Kong]], and [[Macau]]), and the [[European Union]] via its [[Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office|representative offices and consulates]] under the [[One China]] principle. Taiwan has the 31st-largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.<ref>{{cite web |last1=van der Wees |first1=Gerrit |title=Is Taiwan's International Space Expanding or Contracting? |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/12/is-taiwans-international-space-expanding-or-contracting/ |website=thediplomat.com |publisher=The Diplomat |access-date=16 December 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709172602/https://thediplomat.com/2021/12/is-taiwans-international-space-expanding-or-contracting/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.{{efn|name="TAI2"}} The ROC [[Foreign relations of Taiwan#International organizations|participates in international organizations]] under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "[[Chinese Taipei]]". In the [[World Trade Organization|WTO]], the ROC has full membership under the designation of "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu". The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]]. See [[China and the United Nations]].
|-
|<span id="Transnistria"></span>'''{{flag|Transnistria}}'''&nbsp;– Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" | Claimed by [[#Moldova|Moldova]]. [[Russian military presence in Transnistria|Occupied]] by [[#Russia|Russia]].
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,<ref name=montevideo/> [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognised only by]] [[#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] and [[#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]].<ref name=ASOTREC /> Claimed in whole by [[#Moldova|Moldova]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 November 2022|title=Transnistria profile – Overview|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18286268|access-date=11 June 2023|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405014442/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18286268|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
 
==See also==
{{div col}}
* [[Armorial of sovereign states]]
* [[Associated state]]
* [[Condominium (international law)|Condominium]]
* [[Dependent territory]]
* [[ISO 3166-1]]
* [[List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations]]
* [[List of administrative divisions by country]]
* [[List of countries and dependencies and their capitals in native languages]]
* [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]
* [[List of countries and dependencies by population]]
* [[List of countries and territories by the United Nations geoscheme]]
* [[List of country-name etymologies]]
* [[List of international rankings]]
* [[List of ISO 3166 country codes]]
* [[List of micronations]]
* [[List of national capitals]]
* [[List of national flags of sovereign states]]
* [[List of rebel groups that control territory]]
* [[List of states with limited recognition]]
* [[List of territorial disputes]]
* [[List of territories governed by the United Nations]]
* [[Lists of political entities by century]]
* [[Lists of state leaders by century]]
* [[Member states of the United Nations]]
* [[Sovereign state]]
** [[List of former sovereign states]]
** [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent]]
** [[List of sovereign states by date of formation]]
* [[Template:Clickable world map]]
* [[Terra nullius]]
* [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]
{{div col end}}
 
==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}
About the status/sovereignty of countries listed
 
*<sup>1</sup> [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan): see [[Political status of Taiwan]]
==References==
*<sup>2</sup> [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]] are in free association with New Zealand (see also [[Niue Constitution Act 1974 (NZ)]]) and can be found at the [[list of dependent territories]]
{{reflist|30em}}
*<sup>3</sup> Palestine: "[[State of Palestine]]" was declared 1988 and recognized by a series of Arab and Muslim countries, see also: [[proposals for a Palestinian state]] and [[Palestinian territories]]. [[Gaza Strip]], [[West Bank]], [[Israel]] include country articles about areas in the [[Palestine]] region.
 
*<sup>4</sup> Vatican: see [[Holy See]]
==Bibliography==
*<sup>5</sup> Western Sahara: see [[Politics of Western Sahara]]
{{Refbegin}}
*<sup>6</sup> [[Republic of Macedonia]]: known also as "The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (see there).
* {{cite book |title=The World: A Third World Guide: 1995/96 |editor1-last=Bissio |editor1-first=Roberto Remo |publisher=Instituto del Tercer Mundo |year=1995 |___location=Montevideo |isbn=978-0-85598-291-1 |oclc=476299738}}
*<sup>7</sup> Abkhazia, Somaliland, and South Ossetia are self-declared independent states with no international recognition from any other nation: see [[List of unrecognized countries]].
* {{cite web|title=Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm|publisher=Statistics Division, United Nations|date=1 April 2010|access-date=19 August 2007|archive-date=28 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628144412/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm|url-status=live}}
*<sup>8</sup> The [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] seceded from [[Cyprus]], but is only recognized by [[Turkey]].
* {{cite web|last=Davis|first=Tim|title=World Countries and States List|url=http://www.timdavis.com.au/data/|work=TimDavis.com.au|date=19 February 2009}}
* {{cite web|title=Geographic Names|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/geoinfo/geoname.pdf|publisher=Department of Public Information, Cartographic Section, United Nations|date=7 September 2000}}
* {{cite web|title=ISO 3166-1 Country names and code elements|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists/country_names_and_code_elements.htm|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|year=2010|access-date=10 September 2011|archive-date=23 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131223122703/http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists/country_names_and_code_elements.htm|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|title=List of countries, territories and currencies|url=http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm|publisher=Publications Office of the European Union|date=4 May 2010|access-date=19 August 2007|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225012123/http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607060922/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 June 2007|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|___location=United States|year=2010}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYszJtC66FAC&q=%22official%20name%22%20palestine&pg=PA161 |page=161 |title=Middle East Review 2003/04: The Economic and Business Report |author=World of Information (Firm), and International Chamber of Commerce |edition=27th |___location=London |publisher=Kogan Page |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7494-4066-4 |oclc=51992589 }}
* {{cite web|url=https://peakbagger.com/PBGeog/countries.aspx|title=The Countries of the World|website=PeakBagger.com|last1=Slayden|first1=Greg|access-date=24 July 2020|df=dmy-all|archive-date=24 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724064538/https://peakbagger.com/PBGeog/countries.aspx|url-status=live}}
{{Refend}}
 
{{Earth}}
==Related topics==
{{Lists of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent}}
*[[List of reference tables#List of countries and other entities]]
{{Lists of political entities by century}}
*[[Geography]]
{{States with limited recognition}}
*The [[Earth]]
{{Portal bar|Countries|Geography|Lists|Politics|World}}
*[[Continent]]
*[[Thirty most populous cities in the world]]
*[[Micronation#Historical_anomalies_and_aspirant_states|Micronations]]
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:sovereign states, List of}}
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