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{{Short description|Town in Massachusetts, United States}}
{{For|geographic and demographic information on the [[census-designated place]] Hudson|Hudson (CDP), Massachusetts}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Hudson, Massachusetts
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_skyline = Hudson Center.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Wood Square
| image_seal = Seal of Hudson, Massachusetts.png
| image_flag =
| image_map = Middlesex County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Hudson highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location in [[Middlesex County, Massachusetts|Middlesex County]] in Massachusetts
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Massachusetts]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Massachusetts|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Middlesex County, Massachusetts|Middlesex]]
| established_title = Settled
| established_date = 1698
| established_title2 = Incorporated
| established_date2 = 1866
| established_title3 =
| established_date3 =
| government_type = [[Open town meeting]]
| leader_title = Town Manager
| leader_name = Thomas Gregory
| leader_title1 = [[Select Board]]
| leader_name1 = {{Plain list|
* Scott R. Duplisea
*Judy Congdon
*Diane G. Bemis
*James D. Quinn
*Steven C. Sharek
}}
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 30.7
| area_total_sq_mi = 11.8
| area_land_km2 = 29.8
| area_land_sq_mi = 11.5
| area_water_km2 = 0.9
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.3
| population_as_of = 2020
| settlement_type = [[New England town|Town]]
| population_total = 20,092
| population_density_km2 = 674.2
| population_density_sq_mi = 1,747.1
| elevation_m = 80
| elevation_ft = 263
| timezone = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset = −5
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset_DST = −4
| coordinates = {{Coord|42|23|30|N|71|34|00|W|region:US-MA_type:city(20,000)|display=inline,title}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.townofhudson.org}}
| postal_code_type = ZIP Code
| postal_code = 01749
| area_code = [[Area code 351|351]]/[[Area code 978|978]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 25-31540
| blank1_info = 0618226
| footnotes =
}}
'''Hudson''' is a town in [[Middlesex County, Massachusetts|Middlesex County]], [[Hudson (CDP), Massachusetts|Massachusetts, United States, with a total population of 20,092 as of the 2020 census. It contains the census]]-designated place of the same name. Before its incorporation as a town in 1866, Hudson was a neighborhood and unincorporated village of [[Marlborough, Massachusetts]], and was known as '''Feltonville'''. From approximately 1850 until the last shoe factory burned down in 1968,<ref name="halp011">[[#Halp01|Halprin 2001]]: p. 7</ref> Hudson was a [[mill town]] specializing in the production of shoes and related products. At one point, the town had 17 shoe factories,<ref name="halp011"/><ref name="halp081">[[#Halp08|Halprin 2008]]: pp. 7–10</ref> many of them powered by the [[Assabet River]], which runs through town. The many factories in Hudson attracted immigrants from Canada and Europe. Today most residents are of either [[Portuguese Americans|Portuguese]] or [[Irish Americans|Irish]] descent, with a smaller percentage being of [[French Americans|French]], [[Italian Americans|Italian]], [[English Americans|English]], or [[Scotch-Irish Americans|Scotch-Irish]] descent. While some manufacturing remains in Hudson, the town is now primarily residential. Hudson is served by the [[Hudson Public Schools]] district.
==
===Pre-European and colonial===
[[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous people]] lived in what became central Massachusetts for thousands of years prior to European settlement. Indigenous oral histories, archaeological evidence,<ref name="johnson1">{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Eric S. |title=Ancient Winters: The Archaeology of the Flagg Swamp Rockshelter |url=https://www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc/mhcarch/archresources/Ancient_Winters_REPORT.pdf |publisher=[[Massachusetts Historical Commission]] |access-date=July 15, 2020 |___location=Boston |date=2011}}</ref> and European settler documents attest to historic settlements of the [[Nipmuc]] people in present-day Marlborough and the surrounding area.<ref name="hudhs761"/> Nipmuc settlements along the Assabet River intersected with the territories of three other related [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian-speaking]] peoples: the [[Massachusett]], [[Pennacook]], and [[Wampanoag]].<ref name="mcadow105">[[#mcadow1990|McAdow 1990]]: pp. 105–109</ref>
In 1650, the area that would become Marlboro and [[Marlborough, Massachusetts|Marlborough]] was part of the Ockookangansett Indian Plantation for the [[Praying Indian]]s. During [[King Philip's War]], English settlers forcibly evicted the Indias from their plantation, imprisoning and killing many of them; most survivors did not return after the conflict.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="mcadow105"/> The first recorded European settlement of the Hudson area occurred in 1698 or 1699 when settler John Barnes was granted {{convert|1|acre}} of Indian lands straddling both banks of the [[Assabet River]].<ref name="hudhs761"/><ref name="efw19141">[[#do1914|Worcester 1914]]</ref> Barnes built a [[gristmill]] on the Assabet River's north bank on land that would one day be part of Hudson.<ref name="halp011"/><ref name="efw19141"/> In 1699 or 1700 Barnes sold his gristmill to Joseph Howe, who built a [[sawmill]] and bridge across the Assabet.<ref name="efw19141"/> Other early settlers include Jeremiah Barstow, who built a house near today's Wood Square in central Hudson, and Robert Barnard, who purchased the house from Barstow.<ref name="efw19141"/> The area became known as Hoe's Mills, Barnard's Mills, or simply The Mills throughout the 1700s.<ref name="hudhs761"/><ref name="efw19141"/>
The settlement was originally part of the town of Hudson.<ref name="efw19141"/><ref name="dom661">[[#dom66|Mayo 1966]]</ref> In June 1743, area residents Samuel Witt, John Hapgood, and others petitioned to break away from Hudson and become a separate Marlborough , claiming the journey to attend Hudson's town meeting was "vastly fatiguing."<ref name="halp011"/><ref name="halp081"/> Their petition was denied by the [[Massachusetts General Court]]. Samuel Witt later served on [[committees of correspondence]] during the 1760s.<ref name="hudhs761"/> At least nine men<ref name="hudhs761"/> from the area fought with the [[Minutemen]] on April 19, 1775, as they harassed British troops along the trade route to Boston.<ref name="halp011"/><ref name="halp081"/>
===18th century===
The area established itself as an [[Industrial Revolution in the United States|early industrial center]]. Business partners Phineas Sawyer and Jedediah Wood built a sawmill on Tannery Brook, a [[tributary]] [[stream]] of the Assabet River today crossed by Main Street, in the mid-1700s.<ref name="efw19141"/> This was followed by another mill on the Assabet in 1788 and a [[blacksmith]]'s [[forge]] in 1790.<ref name="efw19141"/> Joel Cranston opened a [[pub]] and general store—the settlement's first—in 1794.<ref name="efw19141"/> Silas Felton (1776–1828) arrived in the settlement in 1799, joining Cranston in business: it was not long before the area became known as Feltonville.<ref name="efw19141"/>
===19th century===
Feltonville's—and later Hudson's—significant role in the shoe industry may trace its origins to Daniel Stratton. A [[shoemaking|shoemaker]], Stratton opened his Feltonville shop in 1816, expanding it to a small factory on Washington Street in 1821.<ref name="efw19141"/>
In the 1850s, Feltonville received its first railroads.<ref name="halp011"/><ref name="halp081"/> There were two Feltonville train stations, originally operated by the [[Central Massachusetts Railroad#HistoricMassachusettsCentralRailroad|Massachusetts Central Railroad]] and the [[Fitchburg Railroad#Marlborough|Fitchburg Railroad]], later the [[Central Massachusetts Railroad|Central Massachusetts Railroad Company]], and later by [[Boston and Maine Corporation|Boston & Maine]], until both were closed in 1965. Railroads allowed the development of larger factories, some of the first in the country to use [[steam power]] and [[sewing machine]]s. By 1860, Feltonville had 17 shoe and shoe-related factories, which attracted Irish and [[French Canadians|French Canadian]] immigrants.<ref name="hudhs761"/>
Feltonville residents fought for the Union during the [[American Civil War]].<ref name="efw19141"/> Twenty-five of those men died doing so. Two existing houses—the [[Goodale Homestead]] on Chestnut Street (Hudson's oldest surviving building, dating from 1702) and the Curley home on Brigham Street (formerly known as the Rice Farm)—have been cited as waystations on the [[Underground Railroad]].<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="halp012"/>
On May 16, 1865, Feltonville residents once again petitioned to become a separate town.<ref name="efw19141"/> They cited the difficulty of attending town meeting,<ref name="efw19141"/> as their predecessors had in 1743, and also noted that Marlborough's high school was too far for most Feltonville children to practicably attend. This petition was approved by the Massachusetts General Court on March 16, 1866.<ref name="efw19141"/> A committee suggested naming the new town Hudson after Congressman [[Charles Hudson (Massachusetts)|Charles Hudson]], who was born and raised in the Feltonville neighborhood.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="halp012"/> By his own account, in response to this honor, Charles Hudson offered to donate $500 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US|value=500|start_year=1866}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}) towards establishing a free public library. Town citizens gratefully voted to accept Congressman Hudson's gift.<ref>{{Cite book|title=History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts: Containing Carefully Prepared Histories of Every City and Town in the County, Volume 1|last=Drake|first=Samuel Adams|publisher=Estes and Lauriat|year=1879|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0sQTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22charles+hudson%22&pg=PA500|access-date=July 15, 2020 |pages=500, Col. 2}}</ref>
[[File:The Square, Hudson Massachusetts - postcard.jpg|thumb|right|Wood Square in 1907]]
Over the next twenty years, Hudson grew as several industries settled in town. Two woolen mills, an elastic-webbing plant, a piano case factory, and a factory for [[waterproofing]] [[fabric]]s by rubber coating were constructed. Private banks, five schools, a [[poor farm]], and the current [[town hall]] were also built during this time.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="halp012">[[#Halp01|Halprin 2001]]: p. 8</ref> The population hovered around 4,000 residents, most of whom lived in modest houses with small backyard gardens. Some of Hudson's wealthier citizens built elaborate [[Queen Anne style architecture in the United States|Queen Anne Victorian]] mansions, and many of them still exist. One of the finest is the 1895 [[Colonel Adelbert Mossman House]] on Park Street, which is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].
[[File:Colonel Adelbert Mossman House.jpg|thumb|right|Colonel Adelbert Mossman House]]
The town maintained five volunteer [[fire company|fire companies]] during the 1880s and 1890s, one of which manned the Eureka Hand Pump, a record-setting pump that could shoot a {{convert|1.5|in|mm|adj=on}} stream of water {{convert|229|ft|m}}.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="efw19141"/><ref name="halp012"/> Despite this glut of fire companies, on July 4, 1894, two boys playing with [[firecrackers]] started a fire that burned down 40 buildings and {{convert|5|acre|m2}} of central Hudson.<ref name="efw19141"/> Nobody was hurt, but the damages were estimated at $400,000 in 1894 (the equivalent of approximately $11.1 million in 2018).<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="halp012"/> The town was substantially rebuilt within a year or two.
===20th century===
{{anchor|HudsonLightAndPower}}By 1900, Hudson's population reached about 5,500 residents and the town had built a [[power plant]] on Cherry Street.<ref name="efw19141"/> Many houses were wired for electricity, and to this day Hudson produces its own power under the auspices of the Hudson Light and Power Department, a non-profit municipal utility owned by the town. The brick [[Hudson Armory]] building accommodating [[Massachusetts State Defense Force|local Massachusetts militia]], and later units of the [[Massachusetts National Guard]], opened in 1910.<ref name="wlv20051">[[#wlv2005|Verdone 2005]]</ref> Electric [[Tram|trolley]] lines were built connecting Hudson with the towns of [[Leominster, Massachusetts|Leominster]], [[Concord, Massachusetts|Concord]], and Marlborough, though these only remained in existence until the late 1920s.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="halp012"/> The factories in town continued to grow, attracting immigrants from [[England]], [[Germany]], [[Portugal]], [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]], [[Greece]], [[Albania]], and [[Italy]]. By 1928 nineteen languages were spoken by the workers of the [[Firestone-Apsley Rubber Company]].<ref name="halp011"/> These immigrants usually lived in [[boarding house]]s near their places of employment. In 1926 Hudson industrialists Thomas Taylor and Frank Taylor donated the [[Taylor Memorial Bridge]] to the town, connecting the public Wood Park and Apsley Park across the Assabet River.
[[File:Apsley Rubber Company, Hudson, MA.jpg|thumb|right|Apsley Rubber Company in 1911]]
Today, the majority of Hudson residents are of Irish or Portuguese descent, with lesser populations of Brazilian, Italian, French, French Canadian, English, Scotch-Irish, Greek, and Polish descent. About one-third of Hudson residents are of Portuguese descent or birth.<ref name="halp081"/> Most people of Portuguese descent in Hudson are from the [[Azores|Azorean]] island of [[Santa Maria Island|Santa Maria]], with a smaller amount from the island of [[São Miguel Island|São Miguel]], the [[Madeira]] islands, or from the [[Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro|Trás-os-Montes]] region of mainland Portugal.<ref name="halp081"/> The Portuguese community in Hudson maintains the Hudson Portuguese Club, which was established in 1919.<ref name="hpc-history">{{cite web |last=Chaves |first=José M. |title=HISTORY - Hudson Portuguese Club |url=http://www.hudsonportugueseclub.org/history/ |website=Hudson Portuguese Club |access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref> It has outlived Hudson's other ethnic clubs, including the Buonovia Club ([[Italian Americans|Italian American]]), the Lithuanian Citizens' Club, a [[Polish Americans|Polish American]] club, and other Portuguese American clubs.<ref name="halp081"/> In 2003 the Hudson Portuguese Club replaced its original Port Street clubhouse with a function hall and restaurant built on the same site.
The [[Portuguese Americans|Portuguese American]] community in Hudson traces its history to at least 1886, when a certain José Maria Tavares arrived in town.<ref name="halp081"/> José's brothers João "John" and Manuel joined him the following year.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="hpc-history"/> In 1888 three more Portuguese immigrants reached Hudson: eighteen-year-old José "Joseph" Braga, and António Chaves and his sister Maria. In 1889 the six-person Garcia family arrived.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="hpc-history"/> The 1890s saw the addition of the Bairos, Camara, Correia, and Luz families.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="hpc-history"/> In 1900 Mr. and Mrs. José "Joseph" Almada and Mrs. Almada's brother Manuel Silva settled in Hudson.<ref name="halp081"/> By 1910 eleven more Portuguese families resided in Hudson: the Coito, Costa, Furtado, Grillo, Mello, Pereira, Pimentel, Rainha, Resendes, Ribeiro, and Sousa families.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="hpc-history"/> This initial group of Portuguese immigrants all hailed from the Azorean islands of Santa Maria or São Miguel.<ref name="halp081"/>
By 1916 immigrants from mainland Portugal reached Hudson, including a certain João "John" Rio and family.<ref name="halp081"/> As early as the 1920s, Hudson's Portuguese population exceeded 1000 individuals—more than 10% of Hudson's total population at the time.<ref name="halp081"/> Some were employed as factory workers, though many also owned small businesses.<ref name="halp081"/>
Hudson also welcomed a small but well-documented [[Lithuanian American]] community. This community originated in 1897, when Anthony Markunas arrived in Hudson.<ref name="halp081"/> Another early Lithuanian immigrant was Michael Rimkus, who owned and operated a grocery store on the corner of Loring and Broad streets from 1908 to 1950.<ref name="halp081"/> It appears Lithuanians came to Hudson from larger communities located in [[Nashua, New Hampshire|Nashua]], [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], and [[Boston]].<ref name="halp081"/> Apparently Hudson's Lithuanians were known for their [[herb]] gardens—where they grew [[Ruta graveolens|rue]], [[chamomile]], and [[Mentha|mint]]—and [[beekeeping]].<ref name="halp081"/> For many years Mr. Karol Baranowski maintained on [[apiary]] on Lois Street (now Mason Street).<ref name="halp081"/> His next-door neighbor Dominic Janciauskas, a fellow Lithuanian American, operated a [[silver fox (animal)|silver fox]] farm.<ref name="halp081"/> The community was large and active enough to support the social and recreational Lithuanian Citizens' Club, located on School Street from 1926 to 1960.<ref name="halp081"/>
Hudson's population hovered around 8,000 from the 1920s to the 1950s, when developers purchased some farms surrounding the town center. The new houses built on this land helped double Hudson's population to 16,000 by 1970.<ref name="halp012"/>
From the 1970s through the 1990s [[high-tech]]nology companies built plants in Hudson, most notably the [[Hudson Fab]] [[semiconductor device fabrication|semiconductor]] factory built by [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] in 1979. Just before Digital folded in 1998, [[Intel Corporation|Intel]] bought this facility.<ref name="intel1">{{cite web|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/corporate-responsibility/intel-in-massachusetts.html |title=Intel in Massachusetts |work=Intel.com |access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref> Under Intel's ownership, the plant continued producing [[integrated circuit|silicon chips]] and [[Wafer (electronics)|wafers]].
===21st century===
At the height of the [[Great Recession]] in the late 2000s, Hudson lost many local businesses. Particularly affected were the downtown commercial district and industrial establishments. Further bad news came in 2013 when Intel, Hudson's largest employer and charitable donor, announced it would close its Hudson semiconductor factory and layoff 700 employees by 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bray |first=Hiawatha |url=http://www.boston.com/news/innovation/2013/09/12/intel-to-close-hudson-plant-lay-off-700/amp |title=Intel to close Hudson plant, lay off 700 |work=Boston.com |date=September 12, 2013 |access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Arsenault |first=Nancy |url=http://stowindependent.com/intel-closing-impacts-region |title=Intel Closing Impacts Region |work=Stow Independent Online |access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref> Initially Intel tried to find a buyer for the facility, but when none came forward by 2015, Intel announced it would demolish the plant.<ref>{{cite web|last=Eckelbecker |first=Lisa |url=https://www.metrowestdailynews.com/article/20150730/NEWS/150739710 |title=Intel to raze Hudson computer chip making center |work=Metrowest Daily News |date=July 30, 2015 |access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Micucci |first=Emily |url=https://www.wbjournal.com/article/intel-to-hang-onto-hudson-land-after-demolition |title=Intel to hang onto Hudson land after demolition |work=Worcester Business Journal |date=July 30, 2015 |access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref> However, Intel's campus in Hudson includes an 850-person [[microprocessor]] [[research and development]] facility that did not close, and remains operational as of 2020.<ref name="intel1"/>
Since the mid-2010s Hudson's commercial downtown has witnessed an economic revitalization, with previously empty storefronts finding tenants. This is partly thanks to the town's increasing role as a regional culinary destination, including for craft beer.<ref name="brookejg">{{cite web |last1=Jackson-Glidden |first1=Brooke |title=These Restaurants In Hudson, Mass. Are Worth The Road Trip |url=https://www.wgbh.org/dining-out/2018/01/16/restaurants-in-hudson-mass |website=WGBH |access-date=July 15, 2020 |date=January 16, 2018}}</ref><ref name="jasnoff">{{cite web|last=Jasnoff |first=Brittany |url=https://www.bostonmagazine.com/restaurants/2015/11/24/hudson-guide/ |title=Where to Eat and Drink in Hudson |work=Boston Magazine |date=November 24, 2015 |access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref><ref name="hernandez">{{cite web |last1=Hernandez |first1=Peggy |title=They put Hudson on the culinary map |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/food-dining/2015/07/21/they-put-hudson-culinary-map/7k3kn9L8VvlCtTF2PwWv0J/story.html%3FoutputType%3Damp |website=Boston Globe |access-date=July 15, 2020 |date=July 21, 2015}}</ref> Hudson's craft beer scene arguably began in 1980 when the Horseshoe Pub & Restaurant opened.<ref name="masslive1">{{cite web |last1=Ferguson |first1=Ellanje |title=Medusa Brewing Company setup in the midst of Hudson's booming restaurant scene inviting you to bring your own food in |url=https://www.masslive.com/food/2017/08/medusa_brewing_company_the_tap.html |website=MassLive |access-date=July 15, 2020 |date=August 10, 2017}}</ref> In 2012, the Hudson [[Rotary International|Rotary Club]], Horseshoe Pub, and other local businesses organized the first Spirit of Hudson Food and Brewfest to showcase local restaurants and breweries. Since then, the event has evolved into a large food and beer fest featuring dozens of restaurants and breweries, from tiny local producers to internationally known craft beer stalwarts such as [[Harpoon Brewery|Harpoon]] and [[Stone Brewing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiritofhudson.com/ |title=Spirit of Hudson Food & Brewfest |work=Spiritofhudson.com }}</ref> The first [[microbrewery]] in Hudson, Medusa Brewing Company, opened downtown in 2015.<ref name="masslive1"/> A second—Ground Effect Brewing Company—followed in 2018.<ref name="miller">{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Norman |title=Ground Effect Brewing Company opens Thursday in Hudson |url=https://www.metrowestdailynews.com/news/20181114/ground-effect-brewing-company-opens-thursday-in-hudson |website=Metrowest Daily News |access-date=July 15, 2020 |date=November 14, 2018 |archive-date=July 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715230244/https://www.metrowestdailynews.com/news/20181114/ground-effect-brewing-company-opens-thursday-in-hudson |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2022 Ground Effect changed hands with the opening of Clover Road Brewing Company, in the same ___location with the same head brewer, but new ownership.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Norman |title=As luck would have it, Clover Road Brewing Company opens doors in Hudson |url=https://www.metrowestdailynews.com/story/business/2022/09/22/clover-road-brewing-company-opens-hudson-old-ground-effect-space/10381834002/ |website=metrowestdailynews.com |access-date=December 4, 2022 |date=September 22, 2022}}</ref>
Although Hudson's population is now about 20,000, the town maintains the traditional [[open town meeting|town meeting]] form of government.<ref name="halp081"/> Some light manufacturing and agricultural uses remain in the eastern end of town, a vestige of Hudson's dual agrarian and industrial history. However, today Hudson is a mostly suburban [[Commuter town|bedroom community]] with many residents commuting to [[Boston]] or [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]].
===Former names===
Before becoming a separate incorporated town in 1866, Hudson was a neighborhood and unincorporated village within the town—now city—of [[Marlborough, Massachusetts|Marlborough]], and had various names during that time.
From 1656 until 1700, present-day Hudson and the surrounding area was known as the '''Indian Plantation''' or the '''Cow Commons'''.<ref name="hudhs761">[[#Hudhs76|The Hudson Historical Society 1976]]</ref> From 1700 to 1800,<ref name="hudhs761"/> the settlement was known as '''Howe's Mills''', '''Barnard's Mills''', or '''The Mills''', evidencing its early industrial history.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="efw19141"/> From 1800 to 1828,<ref name="hudhs761"/> the settlement was called '''New City''', for reasons not entirely clear but perhaps related to increased population and industrialization. From 1828 until incorporation in 1866,<ref name="hudhs761"/> the village was called '''Feltonville'''. The name Feltonville derives from that of Silas Felton, who operated a dry goods store in the hamlet from 1799 onward and served many years as a Marlborough selectman, town clerk, town assessor, and postmaster.<ref name="halp081"/><ref name="halp012"/> Today, Felton remains immortalized in the Silas Felton Hudson Historic District and two Hudson street names: Felton Street and Feltonville Road.
==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 11.8 square miles (30.7 km<sup>2</sup>),
The [[Assabet River]] runs prominently through most of Hudson.<ref name="mcadow60">[[#mcadow1990|McAdow 1990]]: pp. 60–65</ref> The river arises from [[wetland]]s in [[Westborough, Massachusetts|Westborough]] and flows northeast {{convert|34|mi}}, starting at an elevation of {{convert|320|ft}}.<ref name="mcadow60"/> It descends through the towns of [[Northborough, Massachusetts|Northborough]], [[Marlborough, Massachusetts|Marlborough]], [[Berlin, Massachusetts|Berlin]], Hudson, [[Stow, Massachusetts|Stow]], [[Maynard, Massachusetts|Maynard]], [[Acton, Massachusetts|Acton]], and finally [[Concord, Massachusetts|Concord]], where it merges with the [[Sudbury River]] to form the [[Concord River]], at an elevation of {{convert|100|ft}}. The dam in central Hudson is one of nine historic mill or flood control dams on the Assabet River. A portion of the [[Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge]] is located in Hudson.
There are various public access points to the Assabet River in Hudson. The back of the Hudson Public Library parking lot provides access to launch canoes and kayaks. Downstream is the dam, but upstream provides miles of flat water—depending on the season, as far southeast as the dam at Millham Reservoir in Marlborough.<ref name="mcadow60"/> Another canoe and kayak launch exists farther upstream behind Hudson High School, accessible via an unpaved parking lot on Chapin Street.<ref name="mcadow60"/> There is also boat access downstream of the dam at Main Street Landing, accessible from the paved [[Assabet River Rail Trail]] parking lot on Main Street, and providing a few miles of paddling northeast until the mill dam in the Stow section of [[Gleasondale, Massachusetts|Gleasondale]].<ref name="mcadow60"/>
On the border with Stow are [[Lake Boon]], a popular vacation spot prior to the widespread adoption of the automobile but now a primarily residential neighborhood, and [[White Pond (Massachusetts)|White Pond]], which historically provided drinking water to Maynard and is still owned by that town.
On the border with Marlborough is [[Fort Meadow Reservoir]], which once provided drinking water to Hudson and Marlborough. The Town of Hudson owns and maintains [https://hudsonrecreation.recdesk.com/Community/Page?pageId=1816 Centennial Beach] on the shores of Fort Meadow Reservoir. It is open to residents and non-residents for the cost of a daily or season pass, typically from June to August.
===Adjacent municipalities===
Hudson is bordered by four towns and one city: [[Bolton, Massachusetts|Bolton]] and [[Stow, Massachusetts|Stow]] on the north, the city of [[Marlborough, Massachusetts|Marlborough]] on the south, [[Sudbury, Massachusetts|Sudbury]] on the east, and [[Berlin, Massachusetts|Berlin]] on the west.
===Villages===
The neighborhood and unincorporated village of [[Gleasondale, Massachusetts|Gleasondale]] straddles Hudson and Stow.
==Demographics==
{{See also|List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income}}
{{Historical populations | type=USA | state=collapsed
| 1870|3389
| 1880|3739
| 1890|4670
| 1900|5454
| 1910|6743
| 1920|7607
| 1930|8460
| 1940|8042
| 1950|8211
| 1960|9666
| 1970|16084
| 1980|16408
| 1990|17233
| 2000|18113
| 2010|19063
| 2020|20092
| 2022*|19744
| footnote=* = population estimate. Source: [[United States Census]] records and [[Population Estimates Program]] data.<ref name="2020_Census">{{cite web | title=Census - Geography Profile: Hudson town, Middlesex County, Massachusetts| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date=November 6, 2021 | url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US2501731540}}</ref><ref name="2000-2009_PopulationEstimates">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=July 12, 2011 |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US25&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-T1&-ds_name=PEP_2009_EST&-_lang=en&-format=ST-9&-_sse=on |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103061111/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US25&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-T1&-ds_name=PEP_2009_EST&-_lang=en&-format=ST-9&-_sse=on |archive-date=November 3, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="1990_Census">{{cite web|title=1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts |id=1990 CP-1-23 |at=Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990 |publisher=US Census Bureau |access-date=July 12, 2011 |date=December 1990 |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp1/cp-1-23.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207032409/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp1/cp-1-23.pdf |archive-date=December 7, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="1980_Census">{{cite web | title=1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts | id=PC80-1-A23 | at=Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980 | publisher=US Census Bureau | access-date=July 12, 2011 |date=December 1981 | url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_maABC-01.pdf}}</ref><ref name="1950_Census">{{cite journal | title=1950 Census of Population | volume=1: Number of Inhabitants | at=Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950 | publisher=Bureau of the Census | access-date=July 12, 2011 | year=1952 | url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/23761117v1ch06.pdf}}</ref><ref name="1920_Census">{{cite web | title=1920 Census of Population | at=Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920 | publisher=Bureau of the Census | access-date=July 12, 2011 | url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/41084506no553ch2.pdf}}</ref><ref name="1890_Census">{{cite web | title=1890 Census of the Population | at=Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890 | publisher=Department of the Interior, Census Office | access-date=July 12, 2011 | url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/41084506no553ch2.pdf}}</ref><ref name="1870_Census">{{cite web | title=1870 Census of the Population | at=Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts | publisher=Department of the Interior, Census Office | access-date=July 12, 2011 | year=1872| url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870e-05.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020−2022| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date=November 25, 2023 | url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html}}</ref>
}}
As of the 2000 census,<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 18,113 people, 6,990 households, and 4,844 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|1,574.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 7,168 housing units at an average density of {{convert|623.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 94.12% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.91% [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.13% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.40% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.06% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.40% from other races, and 1.98% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 3.06% of the population.
There were 6,990 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. Of all households, 25.2% were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $58,549, and the median income for a family was $70,145. Males had a median income of $45,504 versus $35,207 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $26,679. About 2.7% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 3.8% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.
As of 2017 Census Bureau estimates, Hudson's population increased to 19,994. The town's racial makeup was 92.6% white, 1.3% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 2.7% Asian, and 2.5% from two or more races, with Hispanic or Latino people of any race making up 6.7% of the population.
===Education===
According to 2017 Census Bureau estimates, 90.3% of Hudson residents graduated high school or higher, while 39.8% have a bachelor's degree or higher. The Census Bureau estimated that in the five-year period between 2013 and 2017, 86.3% of Hudson households had a broadband internet subscription.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/hudsontownmiddlesexcountymassachusetts# |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Hudson town, Middlesex County, Massachusetts |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=January 29, 2020}}</ref>
==Government==
<!--
Note: The following infobox does not have all the governor's councilors, state reps, state senators, fed reps for the whole state or whole county, but only those that represent Hudson-->
{| class="toccolours"
|-
|+ '''County government: [[Middlesex County, Massachusetts|Middlesex County]]'''
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[Court clerk|Clerk of Courts]]:
| [[Michael A. Sullivan (politician)|Michael A. Sullivan]]
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[District attorney|District Attorney]]:
| Marian T. Ryan
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[Recorder of deeds|Register of Deeds]]:
| Maria C. Curtatone (South Middlesex Registry)
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[Probate|Register of Probate and Family Court]]:
| Tara E. DeCristofaro
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[Sheriff|County Sheriff]]:
| [[Peter Koutoujian]]
|-
! colspan=2 | State government
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[Massachusetts House of Representatives|State Representative]]:
| Rep. [[Kate Hogan]] (D)
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[Massachusetts Senate|State Senator]]:
| Sen. [[Jamie Eldridge]] (D)
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[Massachusetts Governor's Council|Governor's Councilor]]:
| Marilyn M. Petitto-Devaney (Third District)
|-
! colspan=2 | Federal government
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]]:
| [[Lori Trahan]] (D-[[United States House of Representatives, Massachusetts District 3|3rd District]])
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[United States Senate|U.S. Senators]]:
| [[Elizabeth Warren]] (D), [[Ed Markey]] (D)
|}
===Local government===
[[File:Hudson Town Hall.jpg|thumb|left|Hudson Town Hall, built in 1872]]
The Town of Hudson has an [[open town meeting]] form of government, like most [[New England]] towns. The Town Manager (formerly titled Executive Assistant)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.communityadvocate.com/hudson/assistant-no-more-after-town-meeting-vote-hudson-s-gregory-is-now-town-manager/article_b99cccd5-71b2-43b0-848a-cf8a5b9e8904.html|access-date=May 7, 2025|title=Assistant no more: After Town Meeting vote, Hudson’s Gregory is now Town Manager|date=May 7, 2025|publisher=Community Advocate}}</ref> is an official appointed by the Select Board who is responsible for the day-to-day administrative affairs of the town. They function with authority delegated to the office by the town charter<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.townofhudson.org/sites/g/files/vyhlif3281/f/uploads/1978_town_charter_9.24.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029175010/https://www.townofhudson.org/sites/g/files/vyhlif3281/f/uploads/1978_town_charter_9.24.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 29, 2021|title=Final Report of the Charter Commission : Town of Hudson, Massachusetts|date=May 8, 1978|website=Townofhudson.org|access-date=February 2, 2022}}</ref> and bylaws.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.townofhudson.org/sites/g/files/vyhlif3281/f/uploads/genbylaws_revised_5.1.21_current.pdf|title=Town of Hudson General By-Laws|date=May 8, 1978|website=Townofhudson.org|access-date=February 2, 2022}}</ref> The current Town Manager is Thomas Gregory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.townofhudson.org/select-board-executive-assistant|title = Select Board / Executive Assistant | Hudson MA|website=Townofhudson.org}}</ref> The [[Select Board]] is a group of publicly elected officials who are the executive authority of the town. The Select Board was formerly known as the Board of Selectmen. The title was officially changed by an affirmative vote of Article 26 of the Hudson Town Meeting on May 1, 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.townofhudson.org/sites/g/files/vyhlif3281/f/uploads/may_1_2021_annual_town_meeting_results.pdf|title=Annual Town Meeting Results|date=May 1, 2021|website=Townofhudson.org|access-date=February 2, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.townofhudson.org/sites/g/files/vyhlif3281/f/uploads/may_2021_tm_warrant.pdf|title=Annual Town Meeting Warrant|date=May 1, 2021|website=Townofhudson.org|access-date=February 2, 2022}}</ref> There are five positions on the Hudson Select Board, currently filled by Scott R. Duplisea, Judy Congdon, Diane G. Bemis, James D. Quinn, and Steven C. Sharek.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.townofhudson.org/select-board |title = Select Board {{!}} Hudson MA|website=Townofhudson.org}}</ref> The Select Board elect from among their membership the positions of chairman, vice-chairman, and clerk.
The Massachusetts legislature abolished the Middlesex County government in 1997. Former county agencies and institutions reverted to the control of the state government of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Certain county government positions, such as [[District Attorney]] and [[Middlesex County Sheriff's Office|Sheriff]], still function under the state government instead of a county government.
==Education==
[[File:Old High School, Hudson, MA.jpg|thumb|right|[[Felton Street School]] in 1912, now converted into condominiums]]
Hudson's local public school district is [[Hudson Public Schools]],<ref>[http://www.hudson.k12.ma.us/home.aspx?categoryID=3 Hudson Public Schools - Achievement and Character] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725110557/http://www.hudson.k12.ma.us/home.aspx?categoryID=3 |date=July 25, 2011 }}. Hudson.k12.ma.us. Retrieved on July 17, 2013.</ref> a district open to Hudson residents and through school choice to any area students. The [[superintendent (education)|superintendent]] of Hudson Public Schools is Dr. Brian Reagan. Prior to starting ninth grade Hudson students may choose to attend either [[Hudson High School (Massachusetts)|Hudson High School]] or [[Assabet Valley Regional Technical High School]]. Assabet Valley Regional Technical High School is open to students from Berlin, Hudson, Maynard, Northborough, Southborough, Westborough, and Marlborough.
===Schools===
* Camela A. Farley Elementary School
* Forest Avenue Elementary School
* Joseph L. Mulready Elementary School
* David J. Quinn Middle School
* [[Hudson High School (Massachusetts)|Hudson High School]]
===Private schools===
* Saint Michael's School was a private Catholic primary school that served grades 1 through 8 as well as kindergarten. The original building was built in 1918,<ref name="dom661"/> when the school was founded, and the school was administered by Saint Michael's Catholic Parish. When Hudson Catholic High School closed in 2009, Saint Michael's School moved to the former HCHS building. In May 2011 the parish announced the school would close at the end of the school year.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jeff Malachowski|title=St. Michael School in Hudson to close|url=http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/news/education/x401383831/St-Michaels-school-in-Hudson-to-close|date=May 13, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826101318/http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/news/education/x401383831/St-Michaels-school-in-Hudson-to-close|archive-date=August 26, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The original St. Michael's School building stood empty for a few years before the parish demolished it to expand its existing parking lot.
* [[Hudson Catholic High School (Massachusetts)|Hudson Catholic High School]] (HCHS) was a private Catholic high school that served grades 9 through 12. It was completed in 1959<ref name="dom661"/> and was administered by Saint Michael's Catholic Parish. The principal was Caroline Flynn and the assistant principal was Mark Wentworth at the school's closure. The parish announced only about a month before the end of the 2008–2009 school year that the school would be closed by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Boston Archdiocese]] due to lack of enrollment—and, as a consequence, funds—for the 2009–2010 school year.<ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles_of_faith/2009/03/hudson_catholic.html Hudson Catholic High School closing - Articles of Faith]. Boston.com. Retrieved on July 17, 2013.</ref> The HCHS building was then used as the Saint Michael's School building, which itself closed in May 2011, and has since been demolished. The parish sold the former HCHS lot, on which now stands a [[Walgreens]] pharmacy.<ref>[http://www.hudsoncatholic.net/welcome.ez hudsoncatholic.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509162458/http://www.hudsoncatholic.net/welcome.ez |date=May 9, 2008 }}. hudsoncatholic.net. Retrieved on July 17, 2013.</ref>
* A former private Catholic school district known as Saint Michael's Schools and administered by Saint Michael's Catholic Parish closed in 2011.
==Library==
[[File:Public Library, Hudson, MA.jpg|thumb|right|Hudson Public Library in 1907, a [[Carnegie library]] opened in 1905]]
The first public library in Hudson opened in 1867 thanks to $500 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US|value=500|start_year=1867}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}) in financial assistance from Charles Hudson and matching funds provided by the nascent town.<ref>C.B. Tillinghast. The free public libraries of Massachusetts. 1st Report of the Free Public Library Commission of Massachusetts. Boston: Wright & Potter, 1891. [https://books.google.com/books?id=LusKAAAAYAAJ Google books]</ref><ref>[http://www.hudsonpubliclibrary.com/about-us/history/ Retrieved November 8, 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130126041346/http://www.hudsonpubliclibrary.com/about-us/history/ |date=January 26, 2013 }}</ref> This first library was a modest reading room in the Brigham Block building and contained 721 books. In 1873 the library moved to a room in the newly completed Hudson Town Hall. The current Hudson Public Library (HPL) building is a [[Carnegie library]] first built in 1905 using a $12,500 donation from [[Andrew Carnegie]].<ref name="efw19141"/> It opened to the public on November 16, 1905.
The original structure was a two-story [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] design typical of Carnegie libraries and other American public buildings of the early twentieth century. Despite numerous additions over time the Carnegie building is mostly intact, including its original front entrance and handsome main stair. The town added a third story to the building in 1932 for a total cost of $15,000 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=15000|start_year=1932}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}). Today the third floor serves as a quiet reading room, and also houses the periodicals collection, a community meeting room, and staff offices. In 1966 a two-story [[Modern architecture|Modernist]] addition was added at the rear of the original building, more than doubling the library's size. The children's department, housed on the library's first floor, was expanded and renovated in 2002. The second floor serves as the adults' and teens' department.
The Hudson Public Library's collection has grown to approximately 65,000 books, periodicals, audio recordings, video recordings, historical records, and other items as of 2020. As part of its collection HPL owns three oil paintings, each a portrait portraying one of the library's major benefactors: Charles Hudson, [[Lewis D. Apsley|Lewis Dewart Apsley]], and Andrew Carnegie. Apsley funded his own portrait as well as that of Charles Hudson, while the portrait of Carnegie was a 1935 gift from the [[Carnegie Corporation of New York|Carnegie Corporation]]. These portraits are displayed on the landing of the stair going up to the third floor reading room.
Hudson Public Library is a member of the [[CW MARS]] regional library consortium and catalog. This allows Hudson cardholders to borrow items from other central and western Massachusetts public libraries and gives cardholders from those libraries access to Hudson's collection. In fiscal year 2008, the Town of Hudson spent 1.19% ($614,743) of its budget on its public library—approximately $31 per person, per year.<ref>July 1, 2007, through June 30, 2008; cf. The FY2008 Municipal Pie: What's Your Share? Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Board of Library Commissioners. Boston: 2009. Available: [http://mblc.state.ma.us/advisory/statistics/public/repmunicpie/index.php Municipal Pie Reports] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123010127/http://mblc.state.ma.us/advisory/statistics/public/repmunicpie/index.php |date=January 23, 2012 }}. Retrieved August 4, 2010</ref>
==Religion==
[[File:Hudson-Marl-Church.JPG|thumb|right|Unitarian Church, built in 1861]]
[[File:PostcardHudsonMAMethodistEpiscopalChurchAfterFire1911.jpg|thumb|right|Methodist-Episcopal Church after 1911 fire; it was replaced in 1913]]
[[File:First United Methodist Church, Hudson MA 03-09-2023.jpg|thumb|The First United Methodist Church on Felton Street, built in 1912-1913]]
[[File:St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Hudson, Massachusetts 03-24-2024.jpg|thumb|St. Luke's Episcopal Church on Washington Street, built in 1913]]
[[File:Union Church of All Faiths, Hudson, MA - September 2019.jpg | thumb|right | Union Church of All Faiths | alt= Union Church of All Faiths, located in Hudson, MA, USA. A very small wooden structure resembling a church, painted white, with a small steeple and cross. It is large enough to fit four or five people.]]
The majority of Hudson residents who practice a religion are likely [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]] or [[Protestantism|Protestants]], based on the churches existing in town.
A small portion of town residents are [[Judaism|Jewish]], [[Islam|Muslim]], [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], or [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]], but there are not currently synagogues, mosques, temples, or Orthodox churches in Hudson. Nevertheless, the town lends its name to the 1907 [[Hudson Incident]]—a key event in the [[Albanian Orthodox Church]]'s formation—in which an Albanian nationalist died in Hudson and was refused burial rites by area [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]] priests.<ref name="biernat">{{cite book|last=Biernat|first=Agata|chapter=Albania and Albanian émigrés in the United States before World War II|pages=9–22|editor1-last=Mazurkiewicz|editor1-first=Anna|title=East Central Europe in Exile Volume 1: Transatlantic Migrations|year=2014|___location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=9781443868914|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzNQBwAAQBAJ&q=Hudson+Incident+Orthodox&pg=PA14}}</ref>
The [[Catholic Church in Portugal|Portuguese Roman Catholics]] in Hudson hold annual feasts or festivals honoring and celebrating the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Ghost]] and [[Our Lady of Fátima]], known in Portuguese as ''[[Cult of the Holy Spirit|Festas do Espírito Santo]]'' and ''Festa da Nossa Senhora de Fátima'', respectively. There are three related but distinct ''festas'' in Hudson: the Império Mariense, the lmpério Micaelense, and the Lady of Fátima Feast / Festa da Nossa Senhora de Fátima. The oldest of these is the Império Micaelense festival, which traces its origins to 1914.<ref name="hpc-feasts">{{cite web |title=CULTURAL FEASTS - Hudson Portuguese Club |url=https://www.hudsonportugueseclub.org/culturalfeasts/ |website=Hudson Portuguese Club |access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref> Such festivals are a common religious and sociocultural event in the Azores and in [[Portuguese Americans|Portuguese communities]] of Azorean descent throughout the United States, Canada, and Brazil.
===Houses of worship===
Carmel [[Mar Thoma Syrian Church|Marthoma]] Church on River Road is the newest church building in Hudson, constructed in 2001.<ref name="carmel">{{cite web |url=http://www.church.carmelmarthomachurch.org/Index.html |title=Carmel MTC |access-date=January 2, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725141018/http://www.church.carmelmarthomachurch.org/Index.html |archive-date=July 25, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="carmelhistory">{{cite web |title=About Us - Church History |url=https://carmelmarthomachurch.org/history |website=Carmel Marthoma Church |access-date=July 17, 2020 |date=2018}}</ref> The congregation traces its beginnings to the early 1970s as a prayer fellowship that met in the greater Boston area.<ref name="carmel"/><ref name="carmelhistory"/> In 1981 the parent [[Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] officially recognized this gathering as a congregation and part of its Diocese of North America and Europe.<ref name="carmelhistory"/> In 1984 the congregation registered as a legal entity in Massachusetts, with nine families becoming members.<ref name="carmelhistory"/> As of 2018 the congregation numbered 120 families residing throughout Massachusetts, [[Connecticut]], [[New Hampshire]], and [[Rhode Island]].<ref name="carmelhistory"/> The current vicar is Rev. Thomas John.<ref name="thomasjohn">{{cite web |title=Vicar Bio |url=https://carmelmarthomachurch.org/vicar-bio |website=Carmel Marthoma Church |access-date=July 17, 2020 |date=2018}}</ref>
The First Federated Church on Central Street was built between 1967 and 1968.<ref name="halp014"/><ref name="first-federated1">{{cite web |last1=Rogers |first1=Doris |last2=Coolidge |first2=Mildred |title=History - First Federated Church |url=http://firstfederatedchurch.org/about-us/history/ |website=First Federated Church |access-date=July 17, 2020 |date=2020}}</ref> It is a [[Baptists|Baptist]]–[[Congregational church]] associated with [[American Baptist Churches USA]] and the [[United Church of Christ]].<ref name="first-federated1"/> The Baptist portion of the federated congregation traces its origins to 1844, when Feltonville residents invited a [[Christian revival|revivalist]] preacher to hold services for them.<ref name="first-federated1"/> This Baptist community grew large enough to build and open their own Feltonville Baptist Church building in 1851; it was located on Church Street behind the Unitarian Church, where the Hudson [[Boys & Girls Clubs of America|Boys and Girls Club]] stands today.<ref name="first-federated1"/> A rapidly growing congregation necessitated a larger church built on the same site in 1877.<ref name="first-federated1"/> The Congregational side of the church traces its origins to at least 1889, when Congregationalists from Hudson held meetings in downtown's Chase Block building.<ref name="first-federated1"/> In 1902 they built their own church at the corner of Green and Central streets.<ref name="first-federated1"/> In 1918, after some time of combined worship, the Congregational and Baptist churches decided to merge into one congregation—the First Federated Church—and worship at the Baptists' Church Street building.<ref name="first-federated1"/> The Congregational church building became a community hall with [[bowling]] alleys until it was sold to a French Catholic congregation in 1927: this church would become Christ the King Roman Catholic Church (see below).<ref name="first-federated1"/> On the morning of September 23, 1965, a fire severely damaged the 1877 Baptist church, which had to be demolished.<ref name="first-federated1"/> After fundraising for a new structure, the First Federated Church broke ground at Central Street on [[Palm Sunday]], March 19, 1967, and opened the new church on Palm Sunday one year later, April 7, 1968.<ref name="first-federated1"/><ref name="first-federated2">{{cite web |last1=Miloyevich |first1=Yvonne |title=From the Pastor - First Federated Church |url=http://firstfederatedchurch.org/blog/ |website=First Federated Church |access-date=July 17, 2020 |date=2020}}</ref>
The First United [[Methodism|Methodist]] Church of Hudson on Felton Street was completed in 1912<ref name="fumc-history">{{cite web |last=Booth |first=Rev. Newell S. |title=Our History |url=http://www.hudsonfumc.org/history-of-first-united-methodist-church-of-hudson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831001757/http://hudsonfumc.org/history-of-first-united-methodist-church-of-hudson |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 31, 2018 |website=First United Methodist Church |access-date=July 17, 2020 }}</ref> or 1913<ref name="efw19141"/><ref name="halp014"/> after the previous one, which was located across the street from the Unitarian Church in central Hudson, burned in a 1911 fire.<ref name="halp014"/><ref name="fumc-history"/> The congregation traces its origins back to early settler Phineas Sawyer, who converted to Methodism in 1789 and opened his home to Methodist meetings in 1800.<ref name="fumc-history"/> In 1828 Feltonville's Methodists built a brick meetinghouse on Gospel Hill in what would become eastern Hudson.<ref name="fumc-history"/> This structure burned on December 28, 1852, after which the congregation worshiped at the Methodist church in [[Gleasondale, Massachusetts|Gleasondale]] (then known as Rock Bottom), until 1863.<ref name="fumc-history"/> Sometime in the succeeding decades the congregation built an ornate wood-framed church on Main Street, which they lost in the 1911 fire.<ref name="fumc-history"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://hudsonfumc.org/first-umc-meet-our-staff/ | title=First UMC – Meet our Staff | publisher=First United Methodist Church, Hudson, Mass. | date=2022 | accessdate=January 14, 2024}}</ref>
Grace Church (formerly called Grace Baptist Church)<ref name="halp014"/> on River Road is a [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptist]] congregation founded in 1986 and moved to its current ___location in 1996. The congregation has grown from an original 25 to a current 1,200 members. The current lead pastor is Marc Peña.<ref name="gc-leadership">{{cite web |title=Grace Church - Leadership |url=https://gracehudson.org/leadership |website=Grace Church |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>
The Hudson [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] on Marlboro Street<ref name="sdachurch">{{cite web |title=Directions - Hudson SDA Church |url=http://hudsonchurch.weebly.com/directions.html |website=Hudson SDA Church |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> was built in the 1960s.
Saint Luke's [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] Church on Washington Street was built in 1913.<ref name="efw19141"/><ref name="halp014"/> The brick church building boasts a 1930 [[M. P. Moller|Møller]] [[pipe organ]].<ref name="stlukes-organ">{{cite web |title=St. Luke's in the World - Saint Luke's Episcopal Church |url=https://saintlukeshudson.com/programs/ |website=Saint Luke's Episcopal Church |date=October 23, 2018 |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> The current rector is Rev. James T. Kodera.<ref name="stlukes-contact">{{cite web |title=Contact Us! - Saint Luke's Episcopal Church |url=https://saintlukeshudson.com/contact/ |website=Saint Luke's Episcopal Church |date=July 26, 2018 |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>
Saint Michael's Roman Catholic Church—also known as St. Mike's—is a [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] congregation and parish located on Manning Street.<ref name="stmikes-history">{{cite web |title=Parish History - Saint Michael Parish |url=https://stmikes.org/parish-history |website=Saint Michael Parish |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> It has existed as a congregation since 1869,<ref name="efw19141"/><ref name="halp014">[[#Halp01|Halprin 2001]]: 76–84</ref><ref name="stmikes-history"/> though the first recorded Catholic resident of Feltonville was a certain James Wilson, who arrived in 1834.<ref name="stmikes-history"/> The present [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] church was designed by architect P. C. Kelly of [[New York City]]<ref name="stmikes-history"/> and built in 1889.<ref name="efw19141"/><ref name="halp014"/><ref name="stmikes-history"/> In 1996 the building underwent a major renovation funded by parishioners.<ref name="stmikes-history"/> In 2000 neighboring Catholic parish Christ the King Parish was suppressed and merged with Saint Michael Parish.<ref name="stmikes-history"/><ref name="stmikes-staff">{{cite web |title=Parish Staff - Saint Michael Parish |url=https://stmikes.org/parish-staff |website=Saint Michael Parish |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>
The Unitarian Church of Marlborough and Hudson is a [[Unitarian Universalism|Unitarian Universalist]] congregation associated with the [[Unitarian Universalist Association]].<ref name="ucmh-about">{{cite web |title=About Us - Unitarian Church of Marlborough and Hudson |url=https://www.ucmh.org/about-us/ |website=Unitarian Church of Marlborough and Hudson |access-date=July 17, 2020 |date=2020}}</ref> [[Abolitionism|Anti-slavery abolitionists]] founded the congregation.<ref name="ucmh-about"/> The Unitarian Church building located on the corner of Main and Church streets in downtown Hudson is older than the town itself, as it was built in 1861.<ref name="efw19141"/><ref name="halp014"/> The church hosts a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] meeting group.<ref name="buddhist">{{cite web |title=Join Buddhist discussion group at Hudson church |url=https://hudson.wickedlocal.com/article/20130125/NEWS/301259383 |website=Wicked Local Hudson |access-date=July 16, 2020 |date=January 25, 2013}}</ref> The current minister is Rev. Alice Anacheka-Nasemann.<ref name="ucmh-about"/>
===Churches no longer in use===
Christ the King Roman Catholic Church and Parish was located on the corner of Central and Green streets. It was built in 1902 as a Congregational church, became a community hall in 1918, and was purchased by a French Catholic congregation in 1927.<ref name="first-federated1"/> In 2000 Christ the King Parish was suppressed and merged with neighboring Saint Michael Parish.<ref name="stmikes-history"/> In 2004 then pastor Fr. Walter A. Carreiro and the Parish Pastoral Council decided to suspend the church building's use for worship.<ref name="stmikes-history"/> At the same time the St. Michael Early Childhood Center, located in a building on the same property, was relocated to Saint Michael School. The church was closed at the same time as other churches in the Boston Archdiocese were being closed to respond to the shortage of vocations and not to help pay sex abuse lawsuits, as is sometimes misreported.{{fact|date=March 2023}} Christ the King was not closed by the Archdiocese and proceeds of its subsequent sale to the Tighe-Hamilton Funeral Home reverted directly to Saint Michael Parish.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcab.org/Parish_Reconfiguration/closures.html/ |title=Parish reconfiguration closures |work=Rcab.Org |access-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-date=April 1, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401173010/http://www.rcab.org/Parish_Reconfiguration/closures.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The building still exists as a memorial service chapel for Tighe Hamilton Funeral Home.<ref name="tighe-hamilton">{{cite web |title=Tighe Hamilton Funeral Home |url=https://www.tighehamilton.com/ |website=Tighe Hamilton Funeral Home |access-date=July 17, 2020 |date=2020}}</ref>
The [[Union Church of All Faiths]], also known as the United Memorial Chapel for All Faiths, is a {{convert|5|ft|adj=on}} by {{convert|11|ft|adj=on}} wood-frame building located in Hudson. It is occasionally cited as the smallest church in the United States.<ref name="halp014"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Citro |first1=Joseph A. |last2=Foulds |first2=Diane E.|date=2004 |title=Curious New England: The Unconventional Traveler's Guide to Eccentric Destinations |url=https://archive.org/details/curiousnewenglan0000citr |url-access=registration |___location=Lebanon, NH |publisher=University Press of New England |pages=[https://archive.org/details/curiousnewenglan0000citr/page/129 129]–130 |isbn=1-58465-112-1 |edition=2nd}}</ref> However, smaller and older "tiny churches" exist in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kirby |first=Doug |title=America's smallest roadside churches |website=[[NBC News]] |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/7266966/ns/travel-road_trips/t/americas-smallest-roadside-churches/#.Xr8H6GhKhPY |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403090557/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/7266966/ns/travel-road_trips/t/americas-smallest-roadside-churches/#.Xr8H6GhKhPY |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |date=June 10, 2006 |access-date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> Retired clergyman Rev. Louis Winthrop West built the chapel in 1953 on the grounds of the First Federated Church of Hudson, where it was located for many years. The building's interior fits four people, although 100 people sometimes gathered outside for religious services, including weddings.<ref name="halp014"/> In 2003 former Hudson resident Vic Petkauskos bought the chapel, relocated it to [[Hyannis, Massachusetts|Hyannis]], and renovated it. He planned to place it on a barge and hold wedding ceremonies off the coast of [[Cape Cod]], although whether he ever did so is unclear.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gellerman |first1=Bruce |last2=Sherman |first2=Erik |date=2008 |title=Massachusetts Curiosities: Quirky characters, roadside oddities & other offbeat stuff |___location=Guilford, CT |publisher=Globe Pequot Press |pages=171–173 |isbn=978-0-7627-4680-4 |edition=2nd}}</ref> The church still exists: at some point it made its way back to Hudson from Hyannis. It is currently located on private property on Causeway Street in Hudson, where it is visible from the road.
== Media ==
=== Newspapers ===
* ''[https://www.communityadvocate.com/marlborough-hudson-edition/ The Community Advocate]''
==Notable people==
[[File:cellucci paul.jpg|thumb|Former Governor Paul Cellucci]]
* [[Lewis D. Apsley|Lewis Dewart Apsley]], founder of [[Firestone-Apsley Rubber Company|Apsley Rubber Company]]; [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Congressman]] from Massachusetts from 1893 to 1897<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/biography/us/congress/apsley-lewis-dewart.html |title=Lewis Dewart APSLEY, Congress, MA (1852-1925) |work=Infoplease.com |access-date=February 1, 2009}}</ref>
* [[Luís Gil Bettencourt]], traditional and rock guitarist; older brother of Nuno Bettencourt
* [[Nuno Bettencourt]], rock musician; lead guitarist for the band [[Extreme (band)|Extreme]]<ref name="hometown">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1483977/tantrics-pain-pal-nuno-bettencourt-help-create-hey-now/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209225618/http://www.mtv.com/news/1483977/tantrics-pain-pal-nuno-bettencourt-help-create-hey-now/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 9, 2015 |title=Tantric's Pain, Pal Nuno Bettencourt Help Create 'Hey Now' |access-date=March 26, 2015 |date=December 30, 2003 |author=Jon Wiederhorn |publisher=MTV}}</ref>
* [[Matt Burke (American football)|Matt Burke]], former [[defensive coordinator]] for the [[Miami Dolphins]], raised in Hudson and graduated from Hudson High School
* [[Tina Cardinale-Beauchemin]], captain of the first [[United States women's national ice hockey team]]
* [[Paul Cellucci]], [[Governor of Massachusetts]] from 1997 to 2001 and [[United States Ambassador to Canada]] from 2001 to 2005
* [[Shaye Cogan]], singer, vaudevillian, and film actor popular in the 1950s
* [[William D. Coolidge]], physicist who invented an improved [[X-ray]] [[X-ray tube|tube]], developed the [[tungsten]] [[Electrical filament|filament]] for the incandescent [[light bulb]], was vice-president of [[General Electric]], and was elected to the [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]] in 1975
* [[Hugo Ferreira]], rock musician; singer-songwriter for the band [[Tantric (band)|Tantric]]<ref name="hometown" />
* [[Kevin Figueiredo]], rock drummer; drummer for the band [[Extreme (band)|Extreme]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daddario.com/EvArtistDetail.Page?ActiveID=3551&ArtistId=40667&sid=212bd07a-2cd4-4f38-83b0-a160a350cfdb |title=Kevin Figueiredo, Artist Detail |access-date=March 26, 2015 |author=Evans Drumheads |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121110/http://www.daddario.com/EvArtistDetail.Page?ActiveID=3551&ArtistId=40667&sid=212bd07a-2cd4-4f38-83b0-a160a350cfdb |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Johnny Gilroy]], All-American [[American football|football]] [[halfback (American football)|halfback]] at [[Georgetown University]] and professional player during the 1920s for the [[Canton Bulldogs]], [[Cleveland Tigers (NFL)|Cleveland Tigers]], [[Washington Senators (NFL)|Washington Senators]], and [[Boston Bulldogs (AFL)|Boston Bulldogs]]
* [[Pete Manning (gridiron football)|Pete Manning]], professional American and [[Canadian football]] player during the 1960s for the [[Chicago Bears]], [[Calgary Stampeders]], and [[Toronto Argonauts]]<ref name="pjmobit">{{cite web |title=Peter J. Manning Obituary |url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx?n=peter-j-manning&pid=191186616 |publisher=[[Boston Globe]] |access-date=July 2, 2020 |date=January 7, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Evan Markopoulos]], professional wrestler of [[TNA Gut Check]] fame
* [[Marykate O'Neil]], indie-pop singer-songwriter and guitarist
* [[Brigette Peterson]], mayor of [[Gilbert, Arizona]]<ref>{{Cite news|first= Jeff |last= Malachowski|authorlink= |title= Former Marlborough, Hudson resident sworn in as mayor of Gilbert, Arizona |newspaper=[[The MetroWest Daily News]]|date= January 18, 2021|url= https://www.metrowestdailynews.com/story/news/2021/01/18/hudson-catholic-high-school-alum-lead-central-arizona-town-mayor/4173345001/ |via=}}</ref>
* [[Charles J. Precourt|Charles Precourt]], retired U.S. [[astronaut]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/precourt.html |title=Charles J. Precourt—Biographical Data |publisher=[[NASA]]; [[Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center]] |access-date=February 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327025216/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/precourt.html |archive-date=March 27, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[William B. Rice]], industrialist and businessman who co-founded [[Rice & Hutchins]], a shoe manufacturing company
* [[Wilbert Robinson]], [[catcher]] for various [[Major League Baseball]] teams; best known for being manager of the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] from 1914 to 1931; inducted into the [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Baseball Hall of Fame]] in 1945; born in [[Bolton, Massachusetts|Bolton]] but raised in Hudson
* [[Paul Ryan (cartoonist)|Paul Ryan]], [[comic artist]] on ''[[Fantastic Four]]'' and ''[[The Phantom]]''; born in [[Somerville, Massachusetts|Somerville]] but a long-time Hudson resident until his death in 2016
* [[Thomas P. Salmon]], [[Governor of Vermont]] from 1973 to 1977; born in [[Cleveland, Ohio]], raised in [[Stow, Massachusetts|Stow]], and attended [[Hudson High School (Massachusetts)|Hudson High School]]
* [[William C. Sullivan]], former head of [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] intelligence operations
* [[Lucy Goodale Thurston]], one of the first American Protestant missionaries in [[Kingdom of Hawaii|Hawaii]]
* [[Burton K. Wheeler|Burton Kendall Wheeler]], [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] from [[Montana]] from 1923 to 1947<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=w000330 |title=WHEELER, Burton Kendall |work=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]] |publisher=[[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] |access-date=February 1, 2009}}</ref>
==Popular culture==
Portions of the 2018 comedy film ''[[Father of the Year (film)|Father of the Year]]'' were shot in Hudson in 2017.<ref name="slane2020">{{cite web |last1=Slane |first1=Kevin |title=23 movies and TV shows filmed in Mass. you can stream right now |url=https://www.boston.com/culture/entertainment/2020/05/15/movies-tv-shows-filmed-in-massachusetts-streaming |publisher=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=September 17, 2020 |date=May 15, 2020}}</ref><ref name="phelps">{{cite news |last1=Phelps |first1=Jonathan |title=David Spade filming draws crowd in Hudson |url=https://www.metrowestdailynews.com/news/20170502/david-spade-filming-draws-crowd-in-hudson |access-date=September 17, 2020 |work=MetroWest Daily News |date=May 2, 2017 |archive-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811221539/https://www.metrowestdailynews.com/news/20170502/david-spade-filming-draws-crowd-in-hudson |url-status=dead }}</ref> Filming for the television programs ''[[Castle Rock (TV series)|Castle Rock]]'' and ''[[Defending Jacob (miniseries)|Defending Jacob]]'' took in place in Hudson in 2019.<ref name="slane2020"/><ref name="slane2019">{{cite web |last1=Slane |first1=Kevin |title=All the Hollywood movies and TV shows filming in Massachusetts in 2019 |url=https://www.boston.com/culture/entertainment/2019/07/22/movies-tv-shows-filming-in-massachusetts-2019 |publisher=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=September 17, 2020 |date=September 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name="contreras">{{cite web |last1=Contreras |first1=Cesareo |title=Chris Evans' new TV series 'Defending Jacob' is filming in Hudson |url=https://hudson.wickedlocal.com/entertainmentlife/20190401/chris-evans-new-tv-series-defending-jacob-is-filming-in-hudson |publisher=MetroWest Daily News |access-date=September 17, 2020 |date=April 1, 2019 |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917061215/https://hudson.wickedlocal.com/entertainmentlife/20190401/chris-evans-new-tv-series-defending-jacob-is-filming-in-hudson |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Assabet River Rail Trail]]
* [[Mass Central Rail Trail—Wayside]]
* [[Firestone-Apsley Rubber Company]]
* [[Gleasondale, Massachusetts]]
* [[Hudson Public Schools]]
* [[List of mill towns in Massachusetts]]
== Citations ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== General and cited references ==
* {{cite book |first=Lewis |last=Halprin |author2=The Hudson Historical Society |title=Images of America: Hudson |year=2001 |orig-year=First published 1999 |___location=[[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston, SC]] |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=0-7385-0073-9 |ref=Halp01}}
* {{cite book |first=Lewis |last=Halprin |author2=The Hudson Historical Society |title=Postcard History Series: Hudson |year=2008 |___location=[[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston, SC]] |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-6284-1 |ref=Halp08}}
* {{cite book |author=The Hudson Historical Society |title=Hudson Bicentennial Scrapbook |year=1976 |publisher=Private publication |ref=Hudhs76}}
* {{cite book |last1=Mayo |first1=Dorothy Ordway |author2=The Hudson Historical Society |title=Hudson |year=1966 |publisher=Bolton Printing Co. |___location=Bolton, MA |ref=dom66}}
* {{cite book |last1=McAdow |first1=Ron |title=The Concord, Sudbury and Assabet Rivers: A Guide to Canoeing, Wildlife and History |date=1990 |publisher=Bliss Publishing Company, Inc. |___location=Marlborough, MA |isbn=0-9625144-0-3 |edition=First |ref=mcadow1990}}
* {{cite book |last1=Worcester |first1=E. F. (Edward F.) |title=Hudson Yesterday and Today |year=1914 |orig-year=Revised edition of ''Hudson, Past and Present'' (1899) |publisher=Hudson Publishing Co. |___location=Hudson, MA |hdl=2027/bc.ark:/13960/t5gb81266 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/bc.ark:/13960/t5gb81266 |access-date=July 1, 2020 |ref=efw14}}
* {{cite book |last1=Verdone |first1=William L. |last2=Halprin |first2=Lewis |title=Images of America: Hudson's National Guard Militia |date=2005 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |___location=Charleston, SC |isbn=0-7385-4456-6 |ref=wlv2005}}
==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080404033909/http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_results.asp?ImageType=index&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871 ''1871 Atlas of Massachusetts''.] by Wall & Gray. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080404035120/http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0010_0011.jpg&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&pageprefix= Map of Massachusetts.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080404034546/http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0044_0045.jpg&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&pageprefix= Map of Middlesex County.]
* ''History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=QGolOAyd9RMC&q=intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Middlesex+intitle:County+intitle:Massachusetts Volume 1 (A–H)], [https://books.google.com/books?id=hNaAnwRMedUC&dq=intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Middlesex+intitle:County+intitle:Massachusetts&pg=PA506 Volume 2 (L–W)] compiled by Samuel Adams Drake, published 1879–1880. 572 and 505 pages. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QGolOAyd9RMC&q=intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Middlesex+intitle:County+intitle:Massachusetts Hudson article] by Charles Hudson in volume 1, pages 496–505.
* Halprin, Lewis, and Alan Kattelle (1998). ''Images of America: Lake Boon''. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. {{ISBN|0-7524-1292-2}}.
* Worcester, E. F. (Edward F.) (1899). ''Hudson, Past and Present''. Hudson, MA: Hudson Publishing Co.
==External
{{Commons category}}
{{NIE Poster|year=1905|Hudson (Massachusetts)|Hudson, Massachusetts}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513170319/http://www.townofhudson.org/public_documents/index Town of Hudson]
* [http://hudsonhistoricalsociety.org/ Hudson Historical Society]
* [http://www.hudsonpubliclibrary.com/ Hudson Public Library]
* [http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=mg2localgovccpage&L=1&L0=home&L1=Resident&sid=massgov2&selectCity=Hudson Town Profile on Massachusetts State Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101011071453/http://menotomymaps.com/map_img.asp?p=map_fdbdown.asp%3F23&mak=1870s_Hudson_MA 1870s Map of Hudson, 1 of 2]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101119011428/http://menotomymaps.com/map_img.asp?p=map_fdbdown.asp%3F24&mak=1870s_Hudson_MA 1870s Map of Hudson, 2 of 2]
{{Middlesex County, Massachusetts}}
{{Greater_Boston}}
{{Merrimack River}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Hudson, Massachusetts| ]]
[[Category:1699 establishments in the Province of Massachusetts Bay]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1699]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1866]]
[[Category:Towns in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Towns in Middlesex County, Massachusetts]]
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