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{{Short description|Sixth major release of Mac OS X}}
{{future software}}
{{Distinguish|Mac OS X Snow Leopard}}
{{Infobox OS|
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2013}}
name = Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard"
{{Infobox OS version
|screenshot =
| name = Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
|caption =
|developer version of = [[Apple ComputermacOS]]
| logo = [[File:OSXLeopard.svg|60px|class=skin-invert]]
|family = [[BSD]]
| logo_size = 60px
|source_model = [[Closed source]] ([[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]] foundation is [[open source]])
| screenshot = Leopard_Desktop.png<!--Do not change unless you have read "Wikipedia:Software_screenshots"!-->
|latest_release_version = N/A
| caption = Screenshot of Mac OS X Leopard. The [[Dock (Mac OS X)|Dock]] and [[Window (computing)|window]] designs have been updated from previous versions of Mac OS X.
|latest_release_date = N/A
|kernel_type developer = [[HybridApple kernel]] ([[XNUInc.]])
| family = {{flat list|
|license = [[Apple Public Source License|APSL]] and Apple [[EULA]]
* [[Macintosh operating systems|Macintosh]]
|working_state = in development, but will be previewed during the WWDC (August 7-11, 2006)
* [[Unix]]<ref name=leopard_unix_cert>{{cite web|url=http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/brand3555.htm|title=Mac OS X Version 10.5 on Intel-based Macintosh computers|publisher=The Open Group|access-date=December 4, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511222112/http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/brand3555.htm|archive-date=May 11, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|website =
}}
| website = {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528055219/http://www.apple.com/macosx|date=May 28, 2009|title=Apple - Mac OS X Leopard}}
'''Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard"''' is the upcoming sixth major release of [[Mac OS X]] for [[Apple Computer|Apple]]'s [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]] computers. Apple CEO [[Steve Jobs]] stated during his keynote speech on [[June 6]], [[2005]] at the [[Worldwide Developers Conference]] (WWDC) that Apple intended to release Leopard at the end of [[2006]] (when Microsoft at that time was planning on releasing [[Windows Vista]]) or early [[2007]] (the new release time for Vista to consumers). Leopard will support Macs with either [[PowerPC]] or [[Intel]] [[Central processing unit|processors]], although by release, Apple may only be selling Intel-based Macintosh computers.
| source_model = [[Closed source|Closed]], with [[open-source software|open source]] components
| license = [[Commercial software|Commercial]] [[proprietary software]]<ref>{{cite web|title=SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR MAC OS X Single Use, Family Pack and Leopard Upgrade Licenses for use on Apple-branded Systems|url=https://images.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/osx_snow_leopard_sec_upd.pdf|website=apple.com|publisher=[[Apple Inc]]|access-date=19 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325013508/http://images.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/osx_snow_leopard_sec_upd.pdf|archive-date=March 25, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> with [[Apple Public Source License]] (APSL)
| kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]])
| updatemodel = [[Apple Software Update]]
| supported_platforms = [[IA-32]], [[x86-64]], [[PowerPC]]
| release_version = 10.5.8 (Build 9L31a)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lapcatsoftware.com/blog/2009/09/01/apple-hot-swapped-mac-os-x-10-5-8|title=Apple hot-swapped Mac OS X 10.5.8|last1=Johnson|first1=Jeff|date=September 1, 2009|publisher=Lap Cat Software Blog|access-date=August 7, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201052428/http://lapcatsoftware.com/blog/2009/09/01/apple-hot-swapped-mac-os-x-10-5-8|archive-date=February 1, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
| release_date = {{Start date and age|2009|8|13}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3606|title=About the Mac OS X v10.5.8 Update|website=[[Apple Inc.]]|access-date=August 5, 2009|archive-date=April 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401165753/http://support.apple.com/kb/ht3606|url-status=live}}</ref>
| GA date = {{Start date and age|2007|10|26}}<ref name="leopard-pr">{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2007/10/16Apple-to-Ship-Mac-OS-X-Leopard-on-October-26|title=Apple to Ship Mac OS X Leopard on October 26|date=October 16, 2007|publisher=Apple Inc.|access-date=January 11, 2018|archive-date=January 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128030037/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2007/10/16Apple-to-Ship-Mac-OS-X-Leopard-on-October-26|url-status=live}}</ref>
| preceded_by = [[Mac OS X Tiger|Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger]]
| succeeded_by = [[Mac OS X Snow Leopard]]
| tagline = Add a new Mac to your Mac.
| support_status = Historical, unsupported as of about June 23, 2011, [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] support and [[iTunes]] support terminated as of 2012 as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9244852/Apple_signals_end_to_OS_X_Snow_Leopard_support|title=Apple signals end to OS X Snow Leopard support|quote=Apple provided the final update to Leopard in June 2011|author1=Gregg Keizer|date=December 17, 2013|publisher=[[Computerworld]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407021432/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9244852/Apple_signals_end_to_OS_X_Snow_Leopard_support|archive-date=April 7, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9246609/Apple_retires_Snow_Leopard_from_support_leaves_1_in_5_Macs_vulnerable_to_attacks|title=Apple retires Snow Leopard from support, leaves 1 in 5 Macs vulnerable to attacks|date=February 26, 2014|access-date=2014-05-09|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528150522/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9246609/Apple_retires_Snow_Leopard_from_support_leaves_1_in_5_Macs_vulnerable_to_attacks|archive-date=May 28, 2014|df=mdy-all}} See the graph picture on the web</ref> <!--As already said in the talk page, having "Support" page on Apple's website does NOT mean it's supported, other companies do that e.g. you can still get support pages for win 2000/98 on microsoft website while the systems aren't supported anymore.--> Drops support for iTunes releases from iTunes 1 to 3
| date = January 2009 <!--approximate date of template insertion for dating hidden maintenance categories-->
}}
{{macOS topics}}
'''Mac OS X Leopard''' (version 10.5) is the sixth [[software versioning|major release]] of [[macOS]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple's]] desktop and server [[operating system]] for [[Macintosh]] computers. Leopard was released on October 26, 2007, as the successor of [[Mac OS X Tiger]], and is available in two editions: a [[Desktop computer|desktop]] version suitable for [[personal computer]]s, and a [[Server (computing)|server]] version, [[Mac OS X Server]]. It retailed for $129<ref name="leopard-pr"/> for the desktop version and $499 for Server.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=Apple Inc.|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2007/10/16Apple-Announces-Mac-OS-X-Server-Leopard|title=Apple Announces Mac OS X Server Leopard|date=October 16, 2007|access-date=January 11, 2018|archive-date=February 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208044844/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2007/10/16Apple-Announces-Mac-OS-X-Server-Leopard/|url-status=live}}</ref> Leopard was superseded by [[Mac OS X Snow Leopard]] (version 10.6) in 2009. Mac OS X Leopard is the last version of macOS that supports the [[PowerPC]] architecture as its successor, Mac OS X Snow Leopard, functions solely on [[Intel]] based Macs.
 
According to Apple, Leopard contains over 300 changes and enhancements compared to its predecessor, Mac OS X Tiger,<ref name="listnewfeatures">{{cite web|date=October 16, 2007|title=Mac OS X Leopard&nbsp;— Features - 300+ New Features|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/300.html|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|access-date=October 16, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016170507/http://www.apple.com/macosx/features/300.html|archive-date=October 16, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> covering core operating system components as well as included applications and developer tools. Leopard introduces a significantly revised desktop, with a redesigned [[Dock (macOS)|Dock]], [[Stacks (software)|Stacks]], a semitransparent [[menu bar]], and an updated [[Finder (software)|Finder]] that incorporates the [[Cover Flow]] visual navigation interface first seen in [[iTunes]]. Other notable features include support for writing [[64-bit]] [[graphical user interface]] applications, an automated backup utility called [[Time Machine (macOS)|Time Machine]], support for [[Spotlight (software)|Spotlight]] searches across multiple machines, and the inclusion of [[Front Row (software)|Front Row]] and [[Photo Booth]], which were previously included with only some Mac models.
==Processor==
Leopard will be available for PowerPC machines, as well as new Intel machines. It is not known if both the PowerPC and Intel versions will be a single disc using [[universal binary|Universal Binaries]], but evidence so far suggests this will be the case. The Apple DVD developer install kit took advantage of this feature, meaning a user can install the operating system on either a PowerPC or an [[x86]] system using the same disc. Universal binaries allow software manufacturers to make one binary which is compatible with both platforms, greatly easing the transition to the Intel architecture.
 
Apple missed Leopard's release time frame as originally announced by Apple's CEO [[Steve Jobs]]. When first discussed in June 2005, Jobs had stated that Apple intended to release Leopard at the end of 2006 or early 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com/Apples-Intel-switch-Jobs-keynote-transcript---page-2/2100-1047_3-5748045-2.html?tag=st.num|title=Apple's Intel switch: Jobs' keynote transcript|date=June 15, 2005|access-date=April 12, 2007|publisher=CNet|archive-date=October 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018102933/https://www.cnet.com/news/|url-status=live}}</ref> A year later, this was amended to Spring 2007;<ref name="wwdc06engadget">{{cite web|author=Ryan Block|date=August 7, 2006|title=Live from WWDC 2006: Steve Jobs keynote|url=https://www.engadget.com/2006/08/07/live-from-wwdc-2006-steve-jobs-keynote|publisher=[[Engadget]]|access-date=August 7, 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813091903/http://www.engadget.com/2006/08/07/live-from-wwdc-2006-steve-jobs-keynote|archive-date=August 13, 2006|df=mdy-all}}</ref> however, on April 12, 2007, Apple issued a statement that its release would be delayed until October 2007 because of the development of the [[iPhone]].<ref name="april07pr">{{cite press release|author=Apple Inc.|date=April 12, 2007|title=Apple Statement|url=http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/070412/sfth056.html?.v=87|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=April 12, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070414112638/http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/070412/sfth056.html?.v=87|archive-date=April 14, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
== Features ==
Leopard will include a software assistant currently called [[Boot Camp]] (this name is only a development name, so it may change) <ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Computer, Inc|title=Boot Camp|url=http://www.apple.com/macosx/bootcamp/|work=Apple|accessdate=2006-04-11}}</ref> that assists in the installation of Windows XP Home or Professional Edition. This software, which only works on Intel-based Macs, prepares a separate partition for the installation of Windows XP on the Mac's hard drive. This allows Windows XP to run natively (not virtually like Virtual PC or VMWare), which means all applications will run at full speed while isolating it from Mac OS X. The only downside to it being non-virtual is that you must reboot from one operating system to the other, rather than have both available at the same time. This piece of software was revealed on [[April 5]] [[2006]] as a public beta.
 
==New and changed features==
Although intended for the installation of Windows XP, Boot Camp can be used to assist in the installation of other operating systems such as beta versions of Vista<ref>{{cite web|author=AirmanPika|title=Vista Installed|url=http://forum.osx86project.org/index.php?showtopic=14448|work=OSx86 Project Forum|accessdate=2006-04-09}}</ref> as well as versions of Linux and other operating systems such as Solaris<ref>{{cite web|author=Jan Setje-Eihler|title=Solaris Nevada build 36 running on an iMac|url=http://blogs.sun.com/roller/page/setje?entry=solaris_on_the_imac|accessdate=2006-05-13}}</ref>.
===User interface===
Mac OS X Leopard made many changes to the [[user interface]]. This includes a more detailed, transparent menu bar, [[skeuomorphism|skeuomorphic]] system icons, and a glossy, reflective, 3D Dock. Windows lost their metallic, lined look they had previously. As well as this, the Apple icon is now black instead of blue. This is notably very similar to [[IPhone OS 1]]'s user interface. Rory Prior, on the ThinkMac blog, criticized a number of changes to Leopard's user interface, including the transparent menu bar and the new folder icons.<ref name="RLPRIOR"/> Decreased transparency of the menu bar, along with the ability to disable the menu bar transparency were added with the 10.5.2 release on February 11, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=307109|title=Information about the 10.5.2 update|publisher=Docs.info.apple.com|date=May 2, 2008|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315182840/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=307109|archive-date=March 15, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
 
===End-user features===
Garbage collection is also planned for the Objective-C runtime, as reported in the [[man page]] for Apple's version of [[GCC]]:
<pre>
-fobjc-gc
Enable garbage collection (GC) for Objective-C objects. The
resulting binary can only be used on Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) and
later systems, due to additional functionality needed in the (NeXT)
Objective-C runtime.
</pre>
 
Apple advertised that Mac OS X Leopard has 300+ new features,<ref name="listnewfeatures"/> including:
==Speculation==
* A new and improved '''[[Apple Automator|Automator]]''', with easy starting points to easily start a workflow. It also can quickly create or edit workflows with new interface improvements. Now it can use a new action called "Watch Me Do" that lets users record a user action (like pressing a button or controlling an application without built-in Automator support) and replay as an action in a workflow. It can create more useful Automator workflows with actions for RSS feeds, iSight camera video snapshots, PDF manipulation, and much more.
At the end of his WWDC 2005 keynote, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would be previewing Mac OS X v10.5 at WWDC 2006, which will be held in [[San Francisco]] on [[August 7]] &ndash; [[August 11]]. <ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Computer, Inc|title=Apple WWDC 2005|url=http://www.apple.com/quicktime/qtv/wwdc05/|work=Apple|accessdate=2005}}</ref> Meanwhile, there is much speculation in the [[Mac rumors community]] about key features of Leopard. One suggestion is that the new OS will feature a redesigned [[Macintosh Finder|Finder]] that relies almost entirely on [[Spotlight (software)|Spotlight]] search technology. The new Finder would help users search through the [[metadata]] of their files (name, file type, creator, creation date, modification date, associated keywords, size, etc.) in real time, as they currently can in [[iTunes]]. Along these lines the Finder might display files and their metadata in much the same way as iTunes displays songs; with the ability to quickly sort on and modify that data. <ref>{{cite web|author=macosXrumors|title=Exclusive: Leopard to feature a totally redesigned Finder, based on Spotlight|url=http://www.macosxrumors.com/articles/2005/10/20/exclusive-leopard-to-feature-a-totally-redesigned-finder-based-on-spotlight/|accessdate=2005-10-20}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|author=Prince McLean|title=Multiple Finder window selects coming in Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard?|url=http://www.appleinsider.com/article.php?id=1593|work=AppleInsider|accessdate=2006-03-14}}</ref>
* '''[[Back to My Mac]]''', a feature for [[MobileMe]] users that allows users to access files on their home computer while away from home via the internet.
* '''[[Boot Camp (Software)|Boot Camp]]''', a software assistant allowing for the installation of other operating systems, such as [[Windows XP]] (SP2 or later) or [[Windows Vista]], on a separate partition (or separate internal drive) on Intel-based Macs.
* '''[[Dashboard (Mac OS)|Dashboard]]''' enhancements, including Web Clip, a feature that allows users to turn a part of any Web page displayed in [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] into a live Dashboard widget, and [[Dashcode]] to help developers code [[Web widget|widgets]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Inc|title=Leopard Sneak Peek&nbsp;— Dashboard|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/dashboard.html|access-date=November 28, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116063706/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/dashboard.html|archive-date=November 16, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* New '''Desktop''', comprises a redesigned 3-D Dock with a new grouping feature called '''[[Stacks (software)|Stacks]]''', which displays files in either a "fan" style, "grid" style, or (since 10.5.2) a "list" style. Rory Prior, on the ThinkMac blog, criticized the shelf-like Dock along with a number of other changes to the user interface.<ref name="RLPRIOR">{{cite web|url=http://www.thinkmac.co.uk/blog/2007/10/leopard-stupidity.html|title=ThinkMac Blog: Leopard stupidity|author=Rory Prior|date=October 28, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420132123/http://www.thinkmac.co.uk/blog/2007/10/leopard-stupidity.html|archive-date=April 20, 2009}}</ref>
* '''[[Dictionary (software)|Dictionary]]''' can now search [[Wikipedia]], and a dictionary of Apple terminology as well. Also included is the Japanese-language dictionary [[Daijisen]], Progressive E-J and Progressive J-E dictionaries, and the 25,000-word thesaurus {{Nihongo|''Tsukaikata no Wakaru Ruigo Reikai Jiten''|使い方の分かる類語例解辞典}}, all of which are provided by the Japanese publisher [[Shogakukan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Non-mentioned Leopard features|url=http://robles.wordpress.com/2007/07/07/non-mentioned-leopard-features|access-date=October 1, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011174742/http://robles.wordpress.com/2007/07/07/non-mentioned-leopard-features|archive-date=October 11, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="listnewfeatures"/>
* A redesigned '''[[Macintosh Finder|Finder]]''', with features similar to those seen in [[iTunes]] 7, including [[Cover Flow]] and a Source list-like sidebar.
* '''[[Front Row (software)|Front Row]]''' has been reworked to closely resemble the interface of the original [[Apple TV]].
* '''[[iCal]]''' calendar sharing and group scheduling as well as syncing event invitations from Mail.<ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Inc|title=Leopard Sneak Peek&nbsp;— iCal|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/ical.html|access-date=April 23, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070407141324/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/ical.html|archive-date=April 7, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The icon also reflects the current date even when the application is not running. In previous versions of Mac OS X, the icon would show July 17 in the icon any time the application was not running but the current date when the application was running.
* '''[[iChat]]''' enhancements, including multiple logins, invisibility, animated icons, and tabbed chats, similar to features present in [[Pidgin (software)|Pidgin]], [[Adium]] and the iChat plugin Chax; [[iChat|iChat Theater]], allowing users to incorporate images from [[iPhoto]], presentations from [[Keynote (presentation software)|Keynote]], videos from [[QuickTime]], and other Quick Look features into video chats; and Backdrops, which are similar to [[chroma key]]s, but use a real-time difference matte technique which does not require a green or blue screen. iChat also implements screen sharing, a feature previously available with [[Apple Remote Desktop]].<ref name="wwdc06engadget"/><ref>{{cite web|title=WWDC 2006 Keynote&nbsp;— Live Coverage|url=http://www.macrumorslive.com/web|access-date=August 7, 2006|archive-date=September 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919180736/https://www.macrumors.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Inc|title=Leopard Sneak Peek&nbsp;— iChat|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/ichat.html|access-date=November 28, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127235645/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/ichat.html|archive-date=November 27, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''[[Mail (OS X)|Mail]]''' enhancements including the additions of [[RSS|RSS feeds]], Stationery, Notes, and [[Task list|to-dos]]. To-dos use a system-wide service that is available to all applications.<ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Inc|title=Leopard Sneak Peek&nbsp;— Mail|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/mail.html|access-date=November 28, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127135115/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/mail.html|archive-date=November 27, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!--Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Mac OS X Leopard Dock Picture.png|thumb|left|This is a picture showing the new dock. The [[light]] that is seen under one of the [[Applications]] shows that it is currently running.]]-->
* '''Network file sharing''' improvements include more granular control over permissions, consolidation of [[Apple Filing Protocol|AFP]], [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]] and [[Server Message Block|SMB]] sharing into one control panel, and the ability to share individual folders, a feature that had not been available since [[Mac OS 9]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://db.tidbits.com/article/9261|title=Leopard Simplifies Sharing|author=Glenn Fleishman|date=October 25, 2007|access-date=October 26, 2007|publisher=TidBITS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027090110/http://db.tidbits.com/article/9261|archive-date=October 27, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* '''[[Parental controls]]''' now include the ability to place restrictions on use of the Internet and to set parental controls from anywhere using remote setup.<ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Inc|title=Mac OS X&nbsp;— Leopard Sneak Peek|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard|work=Apple|access-date=August 8, 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813194648/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard|archive-date=August 13, 2006|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* '''[[Photo Booth]]''' enhancements, including video recording with real-time filters and blue/green-screen technology.
* '''Podcast Capture''', an application allowing users to record and distribute podcasts. It requires access to a computer running Mac OS X Server with Podcast Producer.
* '''[[Preview (software)|Preview]]''' adds support for annotation, graphics, extraction, search, markup, Instant Alpha and size adjustment tools.<ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Insider|title=Road to Mac OS X Leopard: an extensive look at Preview 4.0|date=October 2, 2007 |url=http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/07/10/02/road_to_mac_os_x_leopard_an_extensive_look_at_preview_3_0.html|access-date=October 4, 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071003170126/http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/07/10/02/road_to_mac_os_x_leopard_an_extensive_look_at_preview_3_0.html|archive-date=October 3, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* '''[[Quick Look]]''', a framework allowing documents to be viewed without opening them in an external application and can preview it in full screen.<ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Inc|title=Quick Look|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/features/quicklook.html|work=Apple|access-date=April 11, 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809153107/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/features/quicklook.html|archive-date=August 9, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Plug-ins are available for [[Quick Look]] so that users can also view other files, such as Installer Packages.
[[File:Coverflowquicklook.PNG|thumb|right|The Finder, showing files in [[Cover Flow|Cover Flow View]] and viewing a file using [[Quick Look]]]]
* '''[[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]''' 3, which includes Web Clip.
* '''[[Spaces (software)|Spaces]]''', an implementation of [[virtual desktop]]s (individually called "Spaces"), allows multiple desktops per user, with certain applications and windows in each desktop.<ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Inc|title=Leopard Sneak Peek&nbsp;— Spaces|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/features/spaces.html|access-date=November 28, 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710195557/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/features/spaces.html|archive-date=July 10, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Users can organize certain Spaces for certain applications (e.g., one for work-related tasks and one for entertainment) and switch between them. [[Exposé (Mac OS X)|Exposé]] works inside Spaces, allowing the user to see at a glance all desktops on one screen.<ref name="ExposéInSpaces">{{cite web|url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1254656550190215821|title=OS 10.5 Leopard Spaces + Exposé|year=2006|access-date=August 28, 2006|work=GoogleVideos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117002010/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1254656550190215821|archive-date=January 17, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>) Users can create and control up to 16 spaces, and applications can be switched between each one, creating a very large workspace. The auto-switching feature in [[Spaces (software)|Spaces]] has annoyed some of its users. Apple added a new preference in 10.5.2 which disabled this feature, but there were still bugs found while switching windows. In 10.5.3, this problem was addressed and was no longer an issue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.sun.com/bblfish/entry/why_apple_spaces_is_broken|title=Why Apple Spaces is broken|publisher=Blogs.sun.com|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819114154/http://blogs.sun.com/bblfish/entry/why_apple_spaces_is_broken|archive-date=August 19, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* '''[[Spotlight (software)|Spotlight]]''' incorporates additional search capabilities such as [[Boolean operator (computer programming)|Boolean operator]]s, as well as the ability to search other computers (with appropriate [[File system permissions|permissions]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macworld.com/2006/08/firstlooks/leospot/index.php|title=Leopard first looks: Spotlight|author=Rob Griffiths|date=August 15, 2006|access-date=April 12, 2007|publisher=Macworld|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427131314/http://www.macworld.com/2006/08/firstlooks/leospot/index.php|archive-date=April 27, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* '''[[Time Machine (macOS)|Time Machine]]''', an automated backup utility which allows the user to restore files that have been deleted or replaced by another version of a file.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=software&articleId=9002309&taxonomyId=18|title=WWDC: Apple's Time Machine looks to ease backups|author=Rob Griffiths|date=August 9, 2006|access-date=April 12, 2007|publisher=[[Computerworld|Computerworld Inc.]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014204733/http://computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=software&articleId=9002309&taxonomyId=18|archive-date=October 14, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Though generally lauded in the press as a step forward for data recovery, Time Machine has been criticized in multiple publications for lacking the capabilities of third-party backup software. Analyzing the feature for [[TidBITS]], Joe Kissell pointed out that Time Machine does not create bootable copies of backed-up volumes, does not back up to AirPort Disk hard drives and will not back up FileVault encrypted home directories until the user logs out, concluding that the feature is "pretty good at what it does" but he will only use it as part of a "broader backup strategy".<ref>{{cite web|last=Kissell|first=Joe|url=http://db.tidbits.com/article/9270|title=TidBITS Macs & Mac OS X: Time Machine: The Good, the Bad, and the Missing Features|publisher=Db.tidbits.com|date=October 28, 2007|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608032013/http://db.tidbits.com/article/9270|archive-date=June 8, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itworld.com/article/2814789/operating-systems/review--leopard-is-an-upgrade-that-roars.html|title=Leopard is an upgrade that roars|author=Jason Snell|date=October 26, 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213115051/http://www.itworld.com/article/2814789/operating-systems/review--leopard-is-an-upgrade-that-roars.html|archive-date=February 13, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ihnatko|first=Andy|url=http://www.macworld.com/2007/10/features/leopard_pricing/index.php|title=What's Leopard really worth?|publisher=Macworld|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520113020/http://www.macworld.com/2007/10/features/leopard_pricing/index.php|archive-date=May 20, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref> One of these issues has been resolved, however; On March 19, 2008, updates were released for AirPort and Time Machine, allowing for Time Machine to use a USB hard disk which has been connected to an AirPort Extreme Base Station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/1132613/airporttime.html|title=Update allows Time Machine backups on AirPort Extreme|access-date=October 7, 2020|publisher=Macworld|date=March 20, 2008|archive-date=September 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919180737/https://www.macworld.com/article/189802/airporttime.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''[[Universal Access]]''' enhancements: significant improvements to applications including [[VoiceOver]], along with increased support for [[Braille]], [[closed captioning]] and a new high‐quality [[text-to-speech|Speech synthesis]] voice.<ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Inc|title=Leopard Sneak Peek&nbsp;— Accessibility|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/accessibility.html|access-date=November 28, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116183631/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/accessibility.html|archive-date=November 16, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russian language support, bringing the total to 18 languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/techspecs|title=Apple&nbsp;— Mac OS X Leopard&nbsp;— Technical Specs|author=Apple Inc.|work=Apple.com|access-date=November 4, 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202025039/http://www.apple.com/macosx/techspecs|archive-date=December 2, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* Leopard removes support for [[Classic (Mac OS X)|Classic]] applications.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=303137|title=Do Classic applications work with Mac OS X 10.5 or Intel-based Macs?|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|work=Knowledge Base|date=January 13, 2006|access-date=October 25, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025084826/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=303137|archive-date=October 25, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* Introduced the Alex voice to '''[[VoiceOver]]'''.
 
===Developer technologies===
A more ambitious rumor is that Apple plans to gather secondary metadata through a number of analysis techniques. For example, analyzing the tone and pitch of an [[MP3]] to determine the genre, using speech recognition to extract the lyrics from a song, using [[Optical character recognition|OCR]] to index and search images, or analyzing a photograph to determine if it was a night or day shot, etc. <ref>{{cite web|author= arn|title=Apple Spotlight Patents Hinting at Leopard?|url=http://www.macrumors.com/pages/2006/03/20060314174322.shtml|work=MacRumors|accessdate=2006-03-14}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Spotlight Voice Recognition and OCR|url=http://hrmpf.com/wordpress/62/spotlight-voice-recognition-and-ocr/|work=Hrmpf|accessdate=2006-02-21}}</ref>
* Native support by many libraries and frameworks for [[64-bit]] applications, allowing 64-bit [[Cocoa (API)|Cocoa]] applications. Existing [[32-bit]] applications using those libraries and frameworks should continue to run without the need for [[emulator|emulation]] or translation.<ref name="64bit"/>
* Leopard offers the [[Objective-C]] 2.0 runtime, which includes new features such as [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]]. [[Xcode]] 3.0 supports the updated language and was itself rewritten with it.<ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Inc|title=Mac OS X Leopard Sneak Peek&nbsp;— Xcode 3.0|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/developer/xcode.html|work=Apple|access-date=August 7, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629103804/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/developer/xcode.html|archive-date=June 29, 2007}}</ref>
* A new framework, [[Core Animation]], allows a developer to create complex animations while specifying only a "start" and a "goal" space. The main goal of Core Animation is to enable the creation of complex animations with small amounts of program code.
* Apple integrates [[DTrace]] from the [[OpenSolaris]] project and adds a graphical interface called [[Instruments (application)|Instruments]] (previously Xray). DTrace provides tools that users, administrators and developers can use to tune the performance of the operating system and the applications that run on it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.sun.com/roller/page/mws?entry=dtrace_on_macos_x_at|title=DTrace on Mac OS X at WWDC|author=Mike Shapiro|date=August 7, 2006|work=blog|access-date=August 8, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813125534/http://blogs.sun.com/roller/page/mws?entry=dtrace_on_macos_x_at|archive-date=August 13, 2006|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* The new Scripting Bridge allows programmers to use [[Python (programming language)|Python]] 2.5 and [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] 1.8.6 to interface with the Cocoa frameworks.<ref name="leopardunix">{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/technology/unix.html|title=Mac OS X Leopard&nbsp;— Technology&nbsp;— UNIX|publisher=Apple|access-date=June 11, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823040630/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/technology/unix.html|archive-date=August 23, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Ruby on Rails]] is included in the default install.
* Leopard's [[OpenGL]] stack has been updated to version 2.1, and uses [[LLVM]] to increase its vertex processing speed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvmdev/2006-August/006492.html|title=A cool use of LLVM at Apple: the OpenGL stack|last=Lattner|first=Chris|work=LLVMdev|date=August 15, 2006|access-date=August 21, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104170413/http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvmdev/2006-August/006492.html|archive-date=November 4, 2006|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* The Graphics and Media State of the Union address confirmed many other features are possible because of Core Animation, such as live desktops, improvements to [[Quartz Composer]] with custom patches, a new [[PDF]] Kit for developers, and improvements to [[QuickTime]] [[API]]s.
* The <code>[[FSEvents]]</code> framework allows applications to register for notifications of changes to a given directory tree.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/leopard/overview/osfoundations.html|title=Leopard Technology Series for Developers: OS Foundations|date=October 26, 2007|access-date=August 21, 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509131450/http://developer.apple.com/leopard/overview/osfoundations.html|archive-date=May 9, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* Leopard includes a read-only implementation of the [[ZFS]] file system.
::In mid-December 2006, a pre-release version of Leopard appeared to include support for Sun's ZFS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.worldofapple.com/archives/2006/12/17/zfs-file-system-makes-it-to-mac-os-x-leopard|title=ZFS Makes it to Leopard|last=World of Apple|work=World of Apple|date=December 17, 2006|access-date=December 17, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516153333/http://news.worldofapple.com/archives/2006/12/17/zfs-file-system-makes-it-to-mac-os-x-leopard|archive-date=May 16, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Jonathan I. Schwartz|Jonathan Schwartz]], CEO and President of [[Sun Microsystems]], boasted on June 6, 2007, that ZFS had become "the file system" for Leopard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sun.com/jsp_utils/rvideo.jsp?video=74cd4547-01df-440b-823d-48878ae34c73|title=Washington D.C. Sun Conference|last=Schwartz|first=Jonathan|work=sun.com|date=June 6, 2007|access-date=June 6, 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607100327/http://www.sun.com/jsp_utils/rvideo.jsp?video=74cd4547-01df-440b-823d-48878ae34c73|archive-date=June 7, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> However, the senior project marketing director for Mac OS X stated on June 11, 2007, that the existing [[HFS Plus|HFS+]], not ZFS, would be used in Leopard. Apple later clarified that a ''read-only'' version of ZFS would be included.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199903281|title=Apple Says No Sun File System For Leopard|last=Gonsalves|first=Antone|work=InformationWeek|access-date=June 12, 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614162343/http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199903281|archive-date=June 14, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* Leopard includes drivers for [[Universal Disk Format|UDF]] 2.5, necessary for reading [[HD DVD]] and [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]] discs using third-party drives, but the included DVD Player software can only play HD DVDs authored by [[DVD Studio Pro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=305800|title=DVD Player: Plays HD DVD discs authored in DVD Studio Pro only|publisher=Apple|access-date=December 12, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229080949/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=305800|archive-date=December 29, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* Leopard includes a framework implementing [[latent semantic mapping]] for classifying (e.g. textual) data.
* Leopard is the first operating system with open source BSD code to be certified as fully [[UNIX]]-compliant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opengroup.org/comm/press/19-2-nov07.htm|title=Mac OS X Leopard Achieves UNIX 03 Product Standard Certification|publisher=[[The Open Group]]|date=November 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705232513/http://www.opengroup.org/comm/press/19-2-nov07.htm|archive-date=July 5, 2008}}</ref><ref name="leopard-register-entry">{{cite web|url=http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/brand3555.htm|title=The Open Brand - Register of Certified Products (entry for Mac OS X 10.5)|publisher=The Open Group|date=May 18, 2007|access-date=February 21, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511222112/http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/brand3555.htm|archive-date=May 11, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Certification means that software following the [[Single UNIX Specification]] can be compiled and run on Leopard without the need for any code modification.<ref name="leopardunix"/> The certification only applies to Leopard when run on Intel processors.<ref name="leopard-register-entry"/>
* Leopard includes [[J2SE 5.0]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/java/faq/#which|title=Java Frequently Asked Questions|work=developer.apple.com|access-date=June 9, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804023317/http://developer.apple.com/java/faq/#which|archive-date=August 4, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
 
===Security enhancements===
Rumor sites are also reporting virtualization features in "Leopard" that will allow the Windows operating system to run inside Mac OS X. <ref>{{cite web|title=Leopard to include VMWare-like virtualisation software?|url=http://www.macosxrumors.com/articles/2006/03/23/leopard-to-include-vmware-like-virtualisation-software/|work=macosXrumors|accessdate=2006-04-23}}</ref>
New security features intend to provide better internal resiliency to successful attacks, in addition to preventing attacks from being successful in the first place.
 
;Library Randomization: Leopard implements [[address space layout randomization|library randomization]],<ref name="listnewfeatures"/> which randomizes the locations of some libraries in memory. Vulnerabilities that corrupt program memory often rely on known addresses for these library routines, which allow injected code to launch processes or change files. Library randomization is presumably a stepping-stone to a more complete implementation of [[ASLR|address space layout randomization]] at a later date.
Leopard is expected to include user-accessible resolution independence, i.e. the capability to size system graphics in physical units--inches, for example, as opposed to pixels. This feature results in standard size graphics independent of the device on which they are viewed. While there was some support for this in 10.4/Tiger, the developer documentation for 10.4 stresses that this is preliminary support in preparation for a "future release of Mac OS X". <ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Computer, Inc|title=Resolution Independent UI|url=http://developer.apple.com/releasenotes/GraphicsImaging/ResolutionIndependentUI.html|work=ADC|accessdate=2004}}</ref>
 
;Application Layer Firewall
== See also ==
:Leopard ships with two firewall engines: the original BSD [[Ipfirewall|IPFW]], which was present in earlier releases of Mac OS X, and the new Leopard Application Layer Firewall. Unlike IPFW, which intercepts and filters IP datagrams before the kernel performs significant processing, the Application Layer Firewall operates at the socket layer, bound to individual processes. The Application Layer Firewall can therefore make filtering decisions on a per-application basis. Of the two firewall engines, only the Application Layer Firewall is fully exposed in the Leopard user interface. The new firewall offers less control over individual packet decisions (users can decide to allow or deny connections system-wide or to individual applications, but must use IPFW to set fine-grained TCP/IP header-level policies). It also makes several policy exceptions for system processes: neither mDNSResponder nor programs running with [[superuser]] privileges are filtered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=306938|title=Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard: About the Application Firewall|publisher=Docs.info.apple.com|date=May 19, 2010|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418104053/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=306938|archive-date=April 18, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[Rosetta (software)|Rosetta]] – an [[emulator]] for Mac OS X (included in Mac OS X 10.4.4) that allows Intel-based Macs to run PowerPC-native software.
 
* [[Apple Intel transition]] – more information on Apple's move from PowerPC-based Macs to Intel-based Macs.
;Sandboxes: Leopard includes kernel-level support for [[RBAC|role-based access control]] (RBAC). RBAC is intended to prevent, for example, an application like Mail from editing the password database.
 
;Application Signing: Leopard provides a framework to use [[Public-key cryptography|public key signatures]] for [[code signing]] to verify, in some circumstances, that code has not been tampered with. Signatures can also be used to ensure that one program replacing another is truly an "update", and carry any special security privileges across to the new version. This reduces the number of user security prompts, and the likelihood of the user being trained to simply clicking "OK" to everything.
 
;Secure Guest Account: Guests can be given access to a Leopard system with an account that the system erases and resets at logout.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mogull|first=Rich|url=http://db.tidbits.com/article/9251|title=TidBITS Safe Computing: How Leopard Will Improve Your Security|date=October 22, 2007|publisher=Db.tidbits.com|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608022617/http://db.tidbits.com/article/9251|archive-date=June 8, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
 
Security features in Leopard have been criticized as weak or ineffective, with the publisher [[Heinz Heise|Heise Security]] documenting that the Leopard installer downgraded firewall protection and exposed services to attack even when the firewall was re-enabled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Leopard-Has-More-Holes-than-Spots|title=Leopard Has More Holes than Spots|author=Lisa Vaas|publisher=[[Eweek]]|date=October 30, 2007|access-date=June 11, 2013|archive-date=September 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919180736/https://www.eweek.com/security/leopard-has-more-holes-than-spots/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jürgen Schmidt|url=http://www.h-online.com/security/features/A-second-look-at-the-Mac-OS-X-Leopard-firewall-747217.html|title=A second look at the Mac OS X Leopard firewall|date=October 29, 2007|access-date=October 7, 2020|archive-date=February 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208044852/http://www.h-online.com/security/features/A-second-look-at-the-Mac-OS-X-Leopard-firewall-747217.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Several researchers noted that the Library Randomization feature added to Leopard was ineffective compared to mature implementations on other platforms, and that the new "secure Guest account" could be abused by Guests to retain access to the system even after the Leopard log out process erased their home directory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://securosis.com/blog/quick-leopard-update|title=Quick Leopard Update|publisher=Securosis|date=October 29, 2007|access-date=October 7, 2020|archive-date=December 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216213111/https://securosis.com/blog/quick-leopard-update|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matasano.com/log/986/what-weve-since-learned-about-leopard-security-features|title=Matasano Chargen » What We've Since Learned About Leopard Security Features|date=January 11, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111062141/http://www.matasano.com/log/986/what-weve-since-learned-about-leopard-security-features|archive-date=January 11, 2008}}</ref>
 
==System requirements==
Apple states the following basic Leopard system requirements, although, for some specific applications and features (such as iChat backdrops) an Intel processor is required:<ref name="techspecs">{{cite web|author=Apple Inc.|title=Mac OS X Leopard- Technical Specs|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/techspecs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319075033/http://www.apple.com/macosx/techspecs|archive-date=March 19, 2008|work=Apple|access-date=August 31, 2009}}</ref>
* Processor: any Intel processor, or PowerPC [[PowerPC 970|G5]] or [[PowerPC G4|G4]] (867&nbsp;MHz and faster) processor
* Optical drive: internal or external [[Optical disc drive|DVD drive]] (for installation of the operating system)
* Memory: minimum 512&nbsp;MB of [[Random access memory|RAM]] (additional RAM (1&nbsp;GB) is recommended for development purposes)
* Hard drive capacity: Minimum 9&nbsp;GB of [[Hard disk drive|disk]] space available.
 
Leopard's retail version was not released in separate versions for each type of processor, but instead consisted of one [[universal binary|universal release]] that could run on both PowerPC and Intel processors.<ref name="64bit">{{cite web|author=Apple Inc.|title=Mac OS X&nbsp;— Leopard Sneak Peek|url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/technology/64bit.html|work=Apple|access-date=August 8, 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906182350/http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/technology/64bit.html|archive-date=September 6, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> However, the install discs that ship with Intel-based Macs only contain Intel binaries.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
 
Processor type and speed are checked during installation and installation halted if insufficient; however, Leopard will run on slower G4 processor machines (e.g., a 733&nbsp;MHz [[Power Mac G4#Four-slot models|Quicksilver]]) if the installation is performed on a supported Mac and its hard drive then moved to a slower/unsupported one (the drive may either be an internal mechanism or a [[IEEE 1394 interface|Firewire]] external).{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}}
 
===Supported machines===
Mac OS X Leopard can run on the later flat-panel [[iMac G4]]s, the [[iMac G5]], [[IMac intel core duo|iMac Intel Core Duo]] and iMac Intel Core 2 Duo, [[PowerBook G4]], [[Power Mac G4]], [[Power Mac G5]], [[iBook G4]], MacBook, [[MacBook Pro]], [[MacBook Air]], [[Mac Pro]], [[Mac Mini]], [[Xserve]], Xserve G5, Xserve RAID, Macintosh Server G4, and later [[eMac]] models. Leopard can run on older hardware as long as they have a G4 upgrade installed running at the 867&nbsp;MHz or faster, have at least 9&nbsp;GB free of hard drive space, 512&nbsp;MB RAM and have a DVD drive. Leopard however will not run on the 900&nbsp;MHz iBook G3 models even though they exceed the minimum 867&nbsp;MHz requirement. This is due to the lack of [[AltiVec]] support in the G3 line of processors. Leopard can be "hacked" (see below) to install on these G3 and pre-867&nbsp;MHz G4 machines but the system may behave erratically and many of the programs, features, and functions may not work properly or at all. As of mid-2010, some Apple computers have firmware factory installed which will no longer allow installation of Mac OS X Leopard. These computers only allow installation of Mac OS X Snow Leopard.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} However, some computers (such as the 2011 model of the [[Mac mini]]) can have Leopard installed on them without hacking.{{Citation needed|date=December 2013}}
 
===Usage on unsupported hardware===
Some ways of running Leopard on certain unsupported hardware, primarily PowerPC G4 computers with CPU speeds lower than the official requirement of 867&nbsp;MHz, have been discovered. A common way is use of the program LeopardAssist, which is a bootloader similar in some respects to [[XPostFacto]] (used for installing earlier releases of Mac OS X on unsupported G3 and pre-G3 Macs) that uses the Mac's Open Firmware to tell Leopard that the machine does have a CPU meeting the 867&nbsp;MHz minimum requirement that the Installer checks for before installation is allowed to commence, when in reality the CPU is slower.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leopardassist.sourceforge.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403093933/http://leopardassist.sourceforge.net|archivedate=April 3, 2008|title=LeopardAssist - Install Leopard on Sub-867mhz Macs}}</ref> Currently, LeopardAssist only runs on slower G4s and many people have installed Leopard successfully on these older machines.
 
Users who have access to supported hardware have installed Leopard on the supported machine then simply moved the hard drive to the unsupported machine. Alternatively, the Leopard Installation DVD was booted on a supported Mac, then installed on an unsupported Mac via Firewire Target Disk Mode. Leopard is only compiled for AltiVec-enabled PowerPC processors (G4 and G5) though, as well as Intel, so both of these methods will only work on Macs with G4 or later CPUs. While some of the earlier beta releases were made to run on some later G3 machines (mostly later 800–900&nbsp;MHz iBooks), no success with the retail version has been officially reported on G3 Macs except for some later iMacs and [[PowerBook G3#PowerBook G3 .28FireWire.29|"Pismo" PowerBook G3s]] with G4 processor upgrades installed.
 
For a number of months after Leopard's release it appeared that the only G3 Macs on which Leopard could be run were those with both an aftermarket G4 processor and an AGP graphics card, as failures with the OS partially booting before crashing were reported on older Macs such as the original tray-loading iMacs and the Beige and Blue & White Power Mac G3 (all with G4 upgrades as Leopard will not even begin to load without one) whereas it would boot fine on newer Macs where the Installer restriction had been circumvented. However, more recently it has been reported<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lowendmac.com/mail/0807mb/0711.html#43|title=Opera Trumps Safari, Flashed Video Cards for Macs, Hacking Leopard for G3 Power Macs, and More|publisher=Lowendmac.com|date=January 16, 1986|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611042239/http://www.lowendmac.com/mail/0807mb/0711.html#43|archive-date=June 11, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=su8zWpFOkAM|title=Leopard running on a Beige G3|publisher=Youtube.com|date=August 25, 2008|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921232542/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=su8zWpFOkAM|archive-date=September 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> that with some more work and use of kernel extensions from XPostFacto, Tiger and beta builds of Leopard, the OS can be made to run on G4-upgraded Macs as old as the [[Power Macintosh 9500]], despite the lack of AGP-based graphics. While Leopard can be run on any Mac with a G4 or later processor, some functionality such as Front Row or Time Machine fails to work without a [[Quartz Extreme]]-capable graphics card, which many of the earlier G4s did not include in their factory specification.
 
Since Apple moved to using Intel processors in their computers, the [[OSx86]] community has developed and now also allows Mac OS X Tiger and later releases to be installed and run successfully on non-Apple x86-based computers, albeit in violation of Apple's licensing agreement for Mac OS X.
 
==Packaging==
The retail packaging for Leopard is significantly smaller than it was for previous versions of Mac OS X (although later copies of OS X 10.4 Tiger also came in a similar small box). It also includes a [[Lenticular printing|lenticular]] cover, making the ''X'' appear to float above a purple galaxy, somewhat resembling the default Leopard desktop wallpaper.<ref>{{cite web|author=arn|title=Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard Packaging|date=October 24, 2007 |url=http://www.macrumors.com/2007/10/24/mac-os-x-leopard-retail-box-video|access-date=October 25, 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026033238/http://www.macrumors.com/2007/10/24/mac-os-x-leopard-retail-box-video|archive-date=October 26, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
 
==Release history==
{|class=wikitable
|-
!Version
!Build
!style=width:128px|Date
!style=width:68px|[[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]] version
!Notes
!Download
|-
|style=text-align:center|10.5
|9A581
|October 26, 2007
|9.0<br><small>xnu-1228~1</small>
|Original retail DVD release
|{{n/a}}
|-
|style=text-align:center rowspan=2|10.5.1
|9B18
|November 15, 2007
|9.1<br><small>xnu-1228.0.2~1</small>
|Second retail DVD release. Various bug fixes and security updates.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple updates Leopard to 10.5.1 |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apple-updates-leopard-to-10-5-1/ |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref> Some users experienced login problems and audio problems with this update.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mac OS X 10.5.1: Admin rights, audio missing after update, fixes |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/mac-os-x-10-5-1-admin-rights-audio-missing-after-update-fixes/ |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[https://support.apple.com/kb/dl154 Mac OS X 10.5.1 Update]
|-
|9B2117
|December 14, 2007
|9.1.1
|Forked build for Early 2008 Mac Pro and Xserve
|-
|style=text-align:center rowspan=2|10.5.2
|9C31
|rowspan=2|February 11, 2008
|9.2<br><small>xnu-1228.3.13~1</small>
|rowspan=2|About the Mac OS X 10.5.2 Update
|rowspan=2|[https://support.apple.com/kb/dl123 Mac OS X 10.5.2 Combo Update]
|-
|9C7010
|9.2
|-
|style=text-align:center|10.5.3
|9D34
|May 28, 2008
|9.3<br><small>xnu-1228.5.18~1</small>
|About the Mac OS X 10.5.3 Update
|[https://support.apple.com/kb/DL65 Mac OS X 10.5.3 Update]
[https://support.apple.com/kb/DL64 Mac OS X 10.5.3 Combo Update]
|-
|style=text-align:center|10.5.4
|9E17
|June 30, 2008
|9.4<br><small>xnu-1228.5.20~1</small>
|About the Mac OS X 10.5.4 update; Third retail DVD release
|[https://support.apple.com/kb/DL35 Mac OS X 10.5.4 Update]
[https://support.apple.com/kb/DL34 Mac OS X 10.5.4 Combo Update]
|-
|style=text-align:center|10.5.5
|9F33
|September 15, 2008
|9.5<br><small>1228.7.58~1</small>
|About the Mac OS X 10.5.5 Update
|[https://support.apple.com/kb/DL689 Mac OS X 10.5.5 Update]
[https://support.apple.com/kb/dl692 Mac OS X 10.5.5 Combo Update]
|-
|style=text-align:center rowspan=3|10.5.6
|9G55
|December 15, 2008
|rowspan=2|9.6
|About the Mac OS X 10.5.6 Update
|[https://support.apple.com/kb/DL752 Mac OS X 10.5.6 Update]
[https://support.apple.com/kb/dl754 Mac OS X 10.5.6 Combo Update]
|-
|9G66
|January 6, 2009
|Fourth retail DVD release (part of [[Mac Box Set]])
|{{n/a}}
|-
|9G71 <!--installed from https://support.apple.com/kb/DL751 in 2021-->
|{{n/a}}
|9.6<br><small>xnu-1228.9.59~1</small>
|colspan=2{{n/a}}
|-
|style=text-align:center|10.5.7
|9J61
|May 12, 2009
|9.7<br><small>xnu-1228.12.14~1</small>
|About the Mac OS X 10.5.7 Update
|[https://support.apple.com/kb/DL826 Mac OS X 10.5.7 Update]
[https://support.apple.com/kb/DL827 Mac OS X 10.5.7 Combo Update]
|-
|style=text-align:center rowspan=2|10.5.8
|9L30
|August 5, 2009
|9.8
|About the Mac OS X 10.5.8 Update
|[https://support.apple.com/kb/dl865 Mac OS X 10.5.8 Update]
[https://support.apple.com/kb/dl866 Mac OS X 10.5.8 Combo Update]
|-
|9L34
|August 31, 2009
|9.8<br><small>xnu-1228.15.4~1</small>
|Mac OS X Server 10.5.8 Update v.1.1
|{{n/a}}
|}
 
==Timeline of Macintosh operating systems==
{{Timeline of Macintosh operating systems|headerextension=1}}
 
==Compatibility==
 
After Leopard's release, there were widely reported incidents of new Leopard installs hanging during boot on the blue screen that appears just before the login process starts.<ref>{{cite web|last=Krazit|first=Tom|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-9806005-37.html|title=Apple acknowledges some Leopard installation problems|publisher=News.cnet.com|date=October 28, 2007|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624000121/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-9806005-37.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Apple attributed these problems to an outdated version of an unsupported add-on extension called [[Application Enhancer]] (APE), from [[Unsanity]] which had been incompatible with Leopard. Some users were unaware that APE had been silently installed during installation of Logitech mouse drivers. However, only the users who did not have the latest version of APE installed (2.0.3 at that time) were affected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://daringfireball.net/2007/10/blue_in_the_face|title=Blue in the Face|publisher=Daring Fireball|date=October 29, 2007|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614225525/http://daringfireball.net/2007/10/blue_in_the_face|archive-date=June 14, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Apple published a knowledge base article on how to solve this problem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=306857|title=Mac OS X 10.5: "Blue screen" appears after installing Leopard and restarting|publisher=Docs.info.apple.com|date=October 30, 2008|access-date=June 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418153755/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=306857|archive-date=April 18, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
[[Google]] announced that the [[Google Chrome|Chrome]] browser will be dropping support for Leopard starting with Chrome 21. By that time Chrome will no longer auto-update, and new Chrome installations are not allowed. Their rationale for removal of support is that Leopard is an "OS X version also no longer being updated by Apple."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=2599452|title=Chrome no longer supports Mac OS X 10.5|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110110112/https://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=2599452|archive-date=November 10, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
 
[[Firefox]] also dropped support for Leopard after it shipped Firefox 16 in October 2012.<ref name=mwffend/> [[TenFourFox]] is a port of Firefox for the PPC architecture, released after Firefox dropped support for Leopard.
 
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<div class="references-small">
<ref name=mwffend>
<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
{{cite web|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/1168241/mozilla_sets_end_of_firefox_for_os_x_leopard.html|title=Mozilla sets end of Firefox for OS X Leopard|publisher=[[Macworld]]|access-date=2015-11-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020848/http://www.macworld.com/article/1168241/mozilla_sets_end_of_firefox_for_os_x_leopard.html|archive-date=November 17, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<references/>
}}
</div>
 
==External links==
* [httphttps://www.apple.com/quicktime/qtv/wwdc05wwdc06/ 20052006 WorldWWDC Widekeynote] Developer'sat Conference[[Apple.com]]
* [httphttps://www.apple.com/macosxquicktime/bootcampqtv/wwdc07/ Information about Boot Camp2007 andWWDC downloadkeynote] onat [[Apple.com]]
* [https://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/mac-os-x-10-5.ars Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard] review at [[Ars Technica]]
{{Mac OS History}}
 
{{S-start}}
{{Succession box
|title=Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard)
|years=2007
|before=[[Mac OS X Tiger|Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger)]]
|after=[[Mac OS X Snow Leopard|Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard)]]
}}
{{S-end}}
 
{{macOS}}
[[Category:Mac OS X]]
{{Apple Inc. operating systems}}
{{Apple Inc.}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[es{{DEFAULTSORT:Mac OS X v10V10.5]]}}
[[frCategory:MacMacOS OS X 10.versions|5]]
[[Category:IA-32 operating systems]]
[[it:Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard]]
[[Category:X86-64 operating systems]]
[[zh:Mac OS X v10.5]]
[[Category:Products and services discontinued in 2011]]
[[Category:PowerPC operating systems]]
[[Category:2007 software]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard"