Albizia: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae}}

<table border="1" cellspacing="0" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="margin-left:1em"><tr><th align="center" bgcolor=lightgreen>'''''Albizia'''''</th></tr>

{{For|the Australian tree commonly named "Albizia"|Paraserianthes lophantha}}

<tr><td>[[Image:Mimosa 2.jpg]]<center><small>''Silk tree (''Albizia julibrissin'') <br>foliage and blossoms''</small></center>

{{Automatic taxobox

</td></tr><tr><th align="center"

|image = Albizia julibrissin4.jpg

bgcolor=lightgreen>'''[[Scientific classification]]'''</th></tr><tr><td>

|image_caption = Persian silk tree (''[[Albizia julibrissin]]''),<br/>foliage and blossoms

<table align="center">

|taxon = Albizia

<tr><td>[[Kingdom (biology)|Kingdom]]:</td><td>[[Plantae]]</td></tr>

|authority = [[Antonio Durazzini|Durazz.]] (1772)

<tr><td>[[Division (biology)|Division]]:</td><td>[[Magnoliophyta]]</td></tr>

|diversity = About 150 species

<tr><td>[[Class (biology)|Class]]:</td><td>[[Magnoliopsida]]</td></tr>

|diversity_link = List of Albizia species

<tr><td>[[Order (biology)|Order]]:</td><td>[[Fabales]]</td></tr>

|synonyms =

<tr><td>[[Family (biology)|Family]]:</td><td>[[Fabaceae]]</td></tr>

* ''Albizzia'' <small>[[George Bentham|Benth.]]</small>

<tr><td>[[Family (biology)|Subfamily]]:</td><td>[[Mimosoideae]]</td></tr>

* ''Arthrosprion'' {{small|Hassk. (1855)}}

<tr><td>[[Genus]]:</td><td>'''''Albizia'''''</td></tr></table>

* ''Besenna'' <small>A. Rich. (1848)</small>

<tr><th align="center"

* ''Parasamanea'' <small>Kosterm. (1954)</small>

bgcolor="lightgreen">'''[[Species]]'''</th></tr>

* ''Parenterolobium'' <small>Kosterm. (1954)</small>

<tr><td>''Albizia julibrissin''</td></tr>

* ''Sassa'' <small>Bruce ex J. F. Gmel. (1792)</small>

<tr><td>about 150 other species</td></tr>

* ''Serialbizzia'' <small>Kosterm. (1954)</small>

</table>

* ''Sericandra'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}}

|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30017224-2 ''Albizia'' Durazz.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</ref>

}}

{{multiple image

'''''Albizia''''' is a genus of about 150 species of mostly fastgrowing subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs in the [[Mimosoideae]] subfamily of the [[Fabaceae]], pantropical but mostly in the Old World.

| footer = ''[[Albizia procera]]'' fruits

[[Image:Albizialebbeck1.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Albizia lebbeck (Habit)]]

| direction = vertical

These are usually small trees or shrubs with a short lifespan. Some are considered weeds.

| image1 = Doon Siris (Albizia procera) pod at Jayanti, Duars, West Bengal W Picture 215.jpg

The leaves are pinnate. Their small flowers are in bundles. Their showy stamens are much longer than the petals.

| alt1 = Dry fruits

| image2 = Albizia green fruits.jpg

| alt2 = Green fruits

}}

'''''Albizia''''' is a [[genus]] of more than 160 [[species]] of mostly fast-growing [[Subtropics|subtropical]] and [[Tropics|tropical]] [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s in the subfamily [[Mimosoideae]] of the [[family (biology)|family]] Fabaceae. The genus is [[pantropical]], occurring in Asia, Africa, Madagascar, America and Australia, but mostly in the [[Old World]] tropics. In some locations, some species are considered [[weed]]s.

One species ''Albizia julibrissin'', the '''Silk Tree''' or '''Pink Piris''', extends well north into temperate regions in east Asia, tolerating temperatures down to about -30°C, provided it gets adequate summer heat to ripen the shoots. It is sometimes planted as an ornamental. Albizia moluccana is a common shadow tree on tea plantations.

They are commonly called '''silk plants''', '''silk trees''', or '''sirises'''. The obsolete spelling of the generic name – with double 'z' – is still common, so the plants may be called '''albizzias'''. The generic name honors the Italian nobleman [[Albizzi|Filippo degli Albizzi]], who introduced ''[[Albizia julibrissin]]'' to Europe in the mid-18th century.{{r|pa}} Some species are commonly called '''mimosa''', which more accurately refers to plants of genus ''[[Mimosa]]''. Species from southeast Asia used for timber are sometime termed '''East Indian walnut'''.

In [[North America]], where it is commonly grown as an ornamental tree, it is often confusingly called "mimosa", a name which correctly belongs to ''Mimosa pudica'' and other species in the genus ''[[Mimosa]]''; it seeds itself very freely and is becoming regarded as an invasive species in several [[United States|US]] States.

==Description==

They are usually small trees or shrubs with a short lifespan, though the famous ''Samán del Guère'' near [[Maracay]] in [[Venezuela]] is a huge ''[[Albizia saman]]'' specimen several hundred years old. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are [[pinnate]]ly or bipinnately compound. The small [[flower]]s are in bundles, with [[stamen]]s much longer than the [[petal]]s. The stamens are usually showy, although in some species such as ''[[Albizia canescens|A. canescens]]'' the flowers are inconspicuous.{{r|Lowry2008}}

Unlike those of ''Mimosa'', ''Albizia'' flowers have many more than 10 stamens. ''Albizia'' can also be told apart from another large related genus, ''[[Acacia]]'', by its stamens, which are joined at the bases instead of separate.{{r|PS}}

== Species ==

==Taxonomy==

*''Albizia acle'' : Acle, Akle

Numerous species placed in ''Albizia'' by early authors were eventually moved to other genera, most notably ''[[Archidendron]]''. Other genera of [[Ingeae]] (''[[Abarema]]'', ''[[Archidendropsis]]'', ''[[Blanchetiodendron]]'', ''[[Calliandra]]'', ''[[Cathormion]]'', ''[[Enterolobium]]'', ''[[Havardia]]'', ''[[Hesperalbizia]]'', ''[[Hydrochorea]]'', ''[[Pararchidendron]]'', ''[[Paraserianthes]]'', ''[[Pseudosamanea]]'' and ''[[Serianthes]]'') have also received their share of former ''Albizia'' species, as have the [[Mimoseae]] ''[[Newtonia (plant)|Newtonia]]'' and ''[[Schleinitzia]]''. Some presumed "silk trees" are in fact misidentified members of the not very closely related genus ''[[Erythrophleum]]'' from the [[Caesalpinioideae]] and ''[[Lebeckia]]'' from the [[Faboideae]].{{r|ildis}}

*''Albizia adinocephala'' : Cream Albizia.

*''Albizia berteriana'' : Bertero Albizia

The delimitation of ''[[Falcataria]]'' and ''[[Pithecellobium]]'', close relatives of ''Albizia'', is notoriously complex, with species having been moved between the genera time and again, and this will likely continue. These include ''[[Falcataria falcata]]'' (the Moluccan albizia, formerly named ''Albizia moluccana''), a common shade tree on [[tea]] plantations. Other closely related genera like ''[[Chloroleucon]]'' and ''[[Samanea]]'' are often merged with ''Albizia'' entirely.{{r|ildis}}

*''Albizia carbonaria'' : Naked Albizia, Siristree Albizia; Cotton Varay, East-Indian Walnut, Naked-Indian, Siris Tree

*''Albizia chinensis'' : Chinese Albizia

==Uses==

*''Albizia ferruginea'' : Albizia, musase

Albizias are important [[forage]], [[timber]], and [[medicinal plants]],{{r|Lowry1994}}{{r|pmid23479194}} and many are cultivated as [[ornamental plant|ornamentals]] for their attractive flowers – notably ''[[Albizia julibrissin]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/Search-Results?form-mode=false&query=Albizia%20julibrissin | title = ''Albizia julibrissin'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 27 February 2020}}</ref>

*''Albizia julibrissin'' : Pink Siris, Silk Tree, Mimosa Tree

*''Albizia kalkora'' : Kalkora Mimosa

Some species are used as food plants by the [[Caterpillar|larvae]] of [[moth]]s in the genus ''[[Endoclita]]'', including ''[[Endoclita damor|E. damor]]'', ''[[Endoclita malabaricus|E. malabaricus]]'', and ''[[Endoclita sericeus|E. sericeus]]''.

*''Albizia lebbeck'' : Siris, Woman's-Tongue Tree

*''Albizia lebbekoides'' : Indian Albizia

*''Albizia niopoides'' : Tantakayo Albizia

==See also==

*''Albizia odoratissima'' : Albizia

* [[List of Albizia species|List of ''Albizia'' species]]

*''Albizia procera'' : Tall Albizia)

*''Albizia saman'' : Rain Tree

==References==

*''Albizia saponaria'' : Whiteflower Albizia.

{{reflist|refs=

*''Albizia sinaloensis'' : Sinaloa-Albizia

<ref name="ildis">ILDIS (2005)</ref>

*''Albizia tomentosa'' : Tomentose Albizzia

<ref name="pa">[https://albizzia.store/blogs/news/albizadian''Albizia adianthifolia''] Credit to South African National Biodiversity Institute.</ref>

*''Albizia zygia'' : Albizia

<ref name="Lowry1994">Lowry, J.B.; Prinsen, J.H. & Burrows, D.M. (1994): 2.5 Albizia lebbeck – a Promising Forage Tree for Semiarid Regions. ''In:'' {{aut|Gutteridge, Ross C. & Shelton, H. Max (eds.)}}: ''Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture''. CAB Intemational. [http://www.fao.org/ag/agP/agpc/doc/Publicat/Gutt-shel/x5556e0a.htm HTML fulltext] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405002929/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Publicat/Gutt-shel/x5556e0a.htm |date=2007-04-05}}</ref>

*''Albizia acrodena, Albizia adiantipholia , Albizia amaniensis, Albizia amara, Albizia angolensis, Albizia anthelmintica, Albizia antunesiana, Albizia attopeuensis, Albizia aylmeri, Albizia barinensis, Albizia brevifolia, Albizia buntingii, Albizia burkartiana, Albizia canescens, Albizia caribea, Albizia chevalieri, Albizia coriaria, Albizia coripatensis, Albizia cubana, Albizia distachya, Albizia ealaensis, Albizia edwallii, Albizia eriorhachys, Albizia euryphylla, Albizia forbesii, Albizia gillardinii , Albizia glaberrrima (= Albizia rhombifolia), Albizia glabripetala, Albizia grandibracteata, Albizia guachapele, Albizia gummifera (= Albizia adiantipholia), Albizia harveyi, Albizia idiopoda, Albizia inundata, Albizia isenbergiana, Albizia katangensis, Albizia kostermansii, Albizia leonardii, Albizia malacocarpa, Albizia odoratissima, Albizia papuensis, Albizia pedicellata, Albizia petersiana, Albizia plurijuga, Albizia purpusii, Albizia retusa, Albizia rosulata, Albizia saman , Albizia schimperana, Albizia splendens, Albizia stipulata, Albizia tanganyicensis, Albizia versicolor, Albizia welwitschii, Albizia zimmermannii.''

<ref name="Lowry2008">Lowry, J.B. 2008. ''Trees for Wood and Animal Production in Northern Australia''. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Indooroopilly, Queensland.</ref>

{{ToLCleanup}}

<ref name="PS">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Gurcharan|title=Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach|publisher=Science Publishers|year=2004|pages=445|isbn=1-57808-351-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=In_Lv8iMt24C}}</ref>

<ref name="pmid23479194">{{cite journal| vauthors=Joycharat N, Thammavong S, Limsuwan S, Homlaead S, Voravuthikunchai SP, Yingyongnarongkul BE, Dej-Adisai S, Subhadhirasakul S| title= Antibacterial substances from Albizia myriophylla wood against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans | journal=Archives of Pharmacal Research | year= 2013 | volume= 36 | issue= 6 | pages= 723–730 | pmid=23479194 | doi= 10.1007/s12272-013-0085-7| s2cid= 11823016}}</ref>

}}

==External links==

{{Commons category}}

{{AfricanPlants|Albizia}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q664945}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Albizia| ]]

[[Category:Forages]]

[[Category:Pantropical flora]]

[[Category:Fabaceae genera]]

[[zh:合欢]]