1985: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:30, 16 May 2006

Latest revision as of 13:56, 20 August 2025

Line 1:

{{pp-pc|small=yes}}

{{yearbox|

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2021}}

in?= |

[[File:1985 Events Collage.jpg|300x300px|thumb|Clockwise from top-left: [[Royal Air Force]] [[C-130]] airdropping food during the [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|Ethiopian famine]]; reductions of up to 70 percent in the [[Ozone depletion|ozone]] column observed in the austral (southern hemispheric) spring over [[Antarctica]]; [[Nevado del Ruiz]] [[Armero tragedy|erupts]], killing 23,000 people; an [[1985 Mexico City earthquake|earthquake]] in [[Mexico City]] killed 45,000 people; Air India Flight 182 seen less than two weeks before [[Air India Flight 182#Bombings|the bombing]];

cp=19th century|

the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] is released in U.S. stores revitalizing the North American video game industry; a memorial plaque dedicated to the victims of the [[Heysel Stadium disaster]]; the [[Live Aid]] concert is held in order to fund relief efforts for the famine in Ethiopia during the time [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] ruled the country.]]

c=20th century |

{{Year dab|1985}}

cf=21st century |

{{Year nav|1985}}

{{C20 year in topic}}

yp1=1982 |

{{Year article header|1985}}

yp2=1983 |

The year '''1985''' was designated as the [[International Youth Year]] by the [[United Nations]].

yp3=1984 |

{{TOC limit|2}}

year=1985 |

ya1=1986 |

ya2=1987 |

ya3=1988 |

dp3=1950s |

dp2=1960s |

dp1=1970s |

d=1980s |

dn1=1990s |

dn2=2000s |

dn3=2010s |

}}

{{C20YearInTopic}}

:''This article is about the year. For the song by [[Bowling for Soup]], see [[1985 (song)]]. For the album by [[Rufio]], see [[MCMLXXXV]].''

'''1985''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMLXXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Gregorian calendar]].<br> It was the [[International Youth Year]] declared by [[United Nations]]

==Events==

===January===

* [[January 1]]

* [[January 1]] - The first British mobile phone call is made (by [[Ernie Wise]] to [[Vodafone]]).

** The Internet's [[Domain Name System]] is created.{{fact|date=May 2025}}

* [[January 3]] - [[Finland|Finnish]] government announces that a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[cruise missile]] has fallen into [[Inarinjärvi]] lake in Finnish [[Lapland]]

** [[Greenland]] withdraws from the [[European Economic Community]] as a result of a new agreement on fishing rights.<ref>{{cite book|author=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Committee for Fisheries|title=Problems of Trade in Fishery Products|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_GcTAAAAYAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|isbn=978-92-64-12775-3|page=157}}</ref>

* [[January 17]] - [[British Telecom]] announces it is going to phase out its famous [[red telephone box]]es.

* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency]] launches ''[[Sakigake]]'', Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft and the first deep space probe to be launched by any country other than the [[United States space exploration programs|United States]] or the [[Soviet space program|Soviet Union]].

* [[January 21]] - [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Ronald Reagan]] is sworn in for a second term in office.

* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Tancredo Neves]] is [[Brazilian presidential election, 1985|elected]] president of [[Brazil]] by the [[National Congress of Brazil|Congress]], ending the [[Military dictatorship in Brazil|21-year military rule]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Higley|author2=Richard Gunther|author3=Higley John|title=Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkfEamELMFAC&pg=PA264|year=1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-42422-6|pages=264}}</ref>

* [[January 23]] - A debate in the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[House of Lords]] is televised for the first time.

* [[January 27]] &ndash; The [[Economic Cooperation Organization|Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)]] is formed, in Tehran.<ref>{{cite book|title=Central Asia Monitor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QppAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=Central Asia Monitor|page=16}}</ref>

* [[January 28]] &ndash; The charity single record "[[We Are the World]]" is recorded by [[USA for Africa]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Bob Smith|author2=Salim Amin|title=The Man Who Moved the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AcuDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85|date=20 December 2013|publisher=Master Publishing|isbn=978-9966-052-03-2|pages=85}}</ref>

===February===

* [[February 4]] – The [[Gibraltar–Spain border|border]] between [[Gibraltar]] and [[Spain]] reopens for the first time since [[Francisco Franco]] closed it in 1969.<ref>{{cite book|author=J. Paxton|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1985–86|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtnMDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA551|date=27 December 2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-27114-2|pages=551}}</ref>

* [[February 1]] - [[AM stereo]] broadcasting starts in [[Australia]].

* [[February 5]] -– [[Australia]] cancels its involvement in [[U.S.]]-led [[MX missile]] tests.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hawke Withdraws Support For MX Missile Tests|url=https://apnews.com/article/ae87819e71f028bfc071a3ef54bdab0c|website=AP NEWS|access-date=23 February 2021}}</ref>

* [[February 9]] – [[Drug Enforcement Administration|U.S. drug agent]] [[Kiki Camarena]] is kidnapped and murdered in [[Mexico]] by [[Mexican Drug War|drug traffickers]]; his body is later discovered on [[March 5]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Drug Enforcement Administration|title=Drug Enforcement Administration: A Tradition of Excellence, 1973–2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Xr2lKmWdjUC&pg=PA63|year=2003|publisher=U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration|pages=63}}</ref>

* [[February 7]] - "[[New York, New York (song)|New York, New York]]" becomes the official city [[anthem]] of [[New York City]].

* [[February 14]] – [[Lebanon hostage crisis]]: [[CNN]] reporter [[Jerry Levin (journalist)|Jeremy Levin]] is freed from captivity in [[Lebanon]].<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. TV Reporter Free In Lebanon|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/15/world/us-tv-reporter-free-in-lebanon.html?scp=16&sq=%22Jeremy%20Levin%20%22&st=cse|date=1985-02-15|access-date=2009-10-15|first=John|last=Kifner}}</ref>

* [[February 11]] - [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistani]] bowler [[Wasim Akram]] takes ten wickets in his second [[Test cricket]] match, but [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]] still wins.

* [[February 16]]

* [[February 14]] - [[CNN]] reporter [[Jeremy Levin]] is freed from captivity in [[Lebanon]].

** [[Israel]] begins withdrawing troops from [[Lebanon]].

* [[February 19]] - [[William Schroeder]] becomes the first [[artificial heart]] patient to leave [[hospital]].

** The [[ideology of Hezbollah]] is declared in a program issued in [[Beirut]].

* [[February 26]] - [[United States|US]] federal [[grand jury]] indicts 15 members of [[New York]] [[Mafia]] for [[racketeering]]

* [[February 19]]

**[[William J. Schroeder]] becomes the first patient with an [[artificial heart]] to leave the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|last=Altman|first=Lawrence K.|date=August 7, 1986|title=WILLIAM SCHROEDER DIES 620 DAYS AFTER RECEIVING ARTIFICIAL HEART|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9A0DE5D9153DF934A3575BC0A960948260|access-date=2008-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Altman|first=Lawrence K.|date=August 10, 1986|title=A HERO OF MEDICINE; Schroeder, Longest User of Jarvik Device, Helped Prove Hearts Can Be Replaced|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9A0DE5DB1238F933A2575BC0A960948260|access-date=2008-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kleist|first=Trina|date=1986-08-16|title=Schroeder's struggle lasts 620 days – artificial heart recipient William J. Schroeder|work=Science News|publisher=Science Service, Inc.|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_v130/ai_4610579|access-date=2008-09-20}}</ref>

**[[Iberia Airlines Flight 610]] crashes, killing all 148 on board.<ref>{{cite web|title=Accident description|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850219-1|access-date=10 November 2013|website=Aviation Safety Network|publisher=Flight Safety Foundation}}</ref>

**[[China Airlines Flight 006]] is involved in a mid-air incident; while there are 22 minor injuries and 2 serious injuries, no one is killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8603.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8603.pdf|archive-date=2022-10-09|url-status=live|title=Aircraft accident report : China Airlines Boeing 747-SP, N4522V, 300 nautical miles northwest of San Francisco, California, February 19, 1985|date=29 March 1986|publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|id=NTSB/AAR-86/03|access-date=2019-04-30}}</ref>

* [[February 28]] – The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] carries out [[1985 Newry mortar attack|a mortar attack]] on the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]] police station at [[Newry]] in [[Northern Ireland]]. With nine officers dead, it is the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.<ref name="time">{{cite magazine|date=11 March 1985|title=Northern Ireland Bloody Day|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962598-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524050114/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962598-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 24, 2011|access-date=21 April 2007|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=31 October 2001|title=The RUC: Lauded and condemned|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/ruc_reform/780311.stm|access-date=21 April 2007|work=[[BBC]]}}</ref>

===March===

* March &ndash; The ''[[GNU Manifesto]]'', written by [[Richard Stallman]], is first published.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Debra Cameron|author2=Bill Rosenblatt|author3=Eric Raymond|author4=Eric S. Raymond|title=Learning GNU Emacs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RtYk55cqfgC&pg=PA471|year=1996|publisher="O'Reilly Media, Inc."|isbn=978-1-56592-152-8|pages=471}}</ref>

* [[March 2]] - Government of [[John Cain]] reelected in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] for second consecutive term.

* [[March 1]] &ndash; After a [[Civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay|12-year-long dictatorship]], [[Julio María Sanguinetti]] is sworn in as the first democratically elected [[President of Uruguay]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Brian C. Hanon|title=Marketing in Uruguay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=087mRwzAvIEC&pg=PA3|year=1986|publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration|pages=3}}</ref>

* [[March 4]] - The [[Food and Drug Administration]] approves a [[blood test]] for [[AIDS]], used since then for screening all [[blood donations]] in the United States.

* [[March 3]] &ndash; The 8.0 {{M|w|link=y}} [[1985 Algarrobo earthquake|Algarrobo earthquake]] hits [[Santiago]] and [[Valparaíso]], [[Chile]], leaving 177 dead, 2,575 injured, 142,489 houses destroyed, and approximately a million people homeless.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sismologia.cl/home/terrem.html|title=Sismos importantes o destructivos desde 1570|publisher=[[University of Chile]] Seismologic Service|language=Spanish|access-date=September 12, 2010|___location=[[Santiago de Chile]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231163803/http://www.sismologia.cl/home/terrem.html|archive-date=31 December 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* [[March 11]] - [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] becomes the [[List of leaders of the Soviet Union|General Secretary]] of the [[Soviet Communist Party]] and ''[[de facto]]'' leader of the [[Soviet Union]].

* [[March 8]] &ndash; A [[1985 Beirut car bombing|Beirut car bomb]], planted in an attempt to assassinate Islamic cleric [[Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah|Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah]], kills more than 80 people and injures 200 more.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/fromthearchive/story/0,,1432945,00.html|newspaper=The Guardian|___location=London|title=60 killed by Beirut car bomb|date=9 March 1985|access-date=20 April 2010}}</ref>

* [[March 11]] - [[Mohammed Al Fayed]] buys the London-based department store company, [[Harrods]].

* [[March 11]]

* [[March 11]] - The [[Prague Appeal]] by [[Jiří Dienstbier]], Czech dissident.

**[[Mikhail Gorbachev]] becomes [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|General Secretary]] of the [[Soviet Communist Party]] and ''[[de facto]]'' leader of the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/11/newsid_2538000/2538327.stm|title=1985: Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader|website=BBC On This Day|date=March 11, 1985|access-date=January 21, 2021}}</ref>

* [[March 14]] - Five [[lion]]esses at the [[Singapore Zoo]] are put on [[birth control]] because the lion population had increased from two to 16.

** [[Mohamed Al-Fayed]] buys the London-based department store company [[Harrods]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/mar/12/mohamed-al-fayed-harrods|title=From the archive, 12 March 1985: Mohamed Al Fayed buys Harrods|author=Geoffrey Gibbs|date=12 March 2015|website=The Guardian|access-date=January 21, 2021}}</ref>

* [[March 15]] - [[José Sarney]] takes oath as acting president of [[Brazil]], because the president-elect [[Tancredo Neves]] becomes severely ill.

* [[March 15]] &ndash; Vice-president [[José Sarney]], upon becoming vice president, assumes the duties of president of [[Brazil]], as the new president [[Tancredo Neves]] had become severely ill the day before. Sarney would later become Brazil's first civilian president in 21 years, upon Neves' death on [[April 21]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Griffin Sanders|title=Brazil's New Republic: Tancredo to Sarney|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=avErAAAAYAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Universities Field Staff International|page=10}}</ref>

* [[March 15]] - The first '''[[.com]]''' ___domain name, '''symbolics.com''', is registered by the [[Symbolics]] corporation. However, in this early stage of the rollout of [[___domain name]]s, '''[[.edu]]''' domains, for educational institutions, still predominate over the commercial '''.com''' ones.

* [[March 16]] &ndash; Lebanon hostage crisis: US journalist [[Terry A. Anderson|Terry Anderson]] is taken hostage in [[Beirut]]; he remains a prisoner until December 4, 1991.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims|title=Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 3485, April 13, 2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mk7fJGBvl-4C&pg=PA21|year=2000|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|isbn=978-0-16-064552-5|pages=21}}</ref>

* [[March 16]] - [[Associated Press]] newsman [[Terry Anderson]] is taken hostage in [[Beirut]]. He would later be released on [[December 4]], [[1991]].

* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Expo '85]], an international exhibition, opens in [[Tsukuba, Ibaraki]], [[Japan]], running until September 16.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pacific Basin Study Mission: Report to the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L70o-ZauszgC&pg=PA52|year=1983|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=52}}</ref>

* [[March 17]] - [[Serial killer]] [[Richard Ramirez]] (the "Night Stalker") commits his first two [[murder]]s in [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]].

* [[March 18]] &ndash; Australia's longest-running soap opera, ''[[Neighbours]]'', debuts on [[Seven Network]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/an-institution-turns-20-20050714-ge0i9t.html|title=An Institution Turns 20|work=[[The Age]]|___location=Melbourne|first=Michael|last=Idato|date=14 July 2005|access-date=22 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714121645/http://www.theage.com.au/news/tv--radio/an-institution-turns-20/2005/07/12/1120934248710.html|archive-date=14 July 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[March 20]] - [[Libby Riddles]] becomes the first woman to win the 1,135-mile [[Iditarod]] [[dog sled]] race.

* [[March 21]] &ndash; Canadian [[Paraplegia|paraplegic]] athlete and activist [[Rick Hansen]] sets out on his 26-month, {{convert|40,000|km|mi|adj=on}} Man in Motion tour, which raises US$26&nbsp;million for [[Spinal cord injury research|spinal cord research]] and [[quality of life|quality-of-life]] initiatives.<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Cussans|title=Incredible Journeys: The Stories Behind 60 Remarkable Adventures Over Land, Sea and Air|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCiL_EwrRYYC&pg=PA242|date=5 May 2009|publisher=Pavilion Books|isbn=978-1-84340-534-4|pages=242}}</ref>

* [[March 31]] - [[Wrestlemania]] 1 takes place in New York City at Madison Square Gardens.

* [[March 25]]

** The [[57th Academy Awards]] are held in [[Los Angeles]], with ''[[Amadeus (film)|Amadeus]]'' winning [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1985|title=The 57th Academy Awards, 1985|website=Oscars.org|date=October 5, 2014|access-date=January 21, 2021}}</ref>

** The [[Organization Commune Africaine et Malgache]] is officially dissolved.<ref>{{cite book|author=Terry M. Mays|title=Historical Dictionary of International Organizations in Africa and the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6vxCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19|date=18 June 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-5018-5|pages=19}}</ref>

* [[March 31]] – The inaugural [[WrestleMania I|WrestleMania]] is held in [[Madison Square Garden]], New York, and is "main-evented" by [[Hulk Hogan]] and [[Mr. T]] vs. [[Paul Orndorff]] and [[Roddy Piper]] in a tag-team match.

===April===

*[[Soviet–Afghan War]]: The [[Soviet Union]] begins to transfer the burden of fighting the [[mujahideen]] to the armed forces of the [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]], a cause of the [[Revolutions of 1989]].

* [[April 1]] - [[Villanova University]]'s "perfect upset" of [[Georgetown Hoyas|Georgetown University]] and [[Patrick Ewing]] for the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] Basketball Championship.

* [[April 1]] – Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, and Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation, are [[privatization|privatized]] and change their names to [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone]], and [[Japan Tobacco]], respectively.

* [[April 1]] - ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' magazine publishes an article about the non-existent [[baseball]] prodigy [[Sidd Finch]].

* [[April 12]] – [[1985 El Descanso bombing|El Descanso bombing]]: A terrorist bombing attributed to the [[Islamic Jihad Organization]] in the ''El Descanso'' restaurant near [[Madrid]], [[Spain]], mostly attended by U.S. personnel from the [[Torrejón Air Base]], causes 18 deaths (all Spaniards) and 82 injuries.

* [[April 15]] - [[South Africa]] ends its ban on [[Interracial couple|interracial marriage]]s.

* [[April 15]] – [[Apartheid|South Africa]] ends its ban on [[interracial marriage]]s.<ref>{{cite book|author=Frederic Eckhard|title=Issues Before the 40th General Assembly of the United Nations 1985–1986|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AwsikJWYZt8C|date=December 1985|publisher=United Nations Association of the United States of America|isbn=978-0-934654-61-6|page=25}}</ref>

* [[April 21]] - [[Tancredo Neves]], president-elect of [[Brazil]], dies after 38 days of illness -- one day before he was scheduled to take the oath of office.

* [[April 2319]] -– The [[Coca-ColaSoviet Union]] company[[1985 changedSoviet itsnuclear recipe/formulatests|performs]] and packaging toa [[Newnuclear Cokeweapon]] (nottest successfully)in eastern [[Kazakhstan]].

* [[April 23]] – [[Coca-Cola]] changes its formula and releases [[New Coke]]. The response is overwhelmingly negative and the original formula is back on the market in less than three months.

* [[April 24]] - [[Secular Organizations for Sobriety]] formed.

* [[April 28]] – The Australian [[Nuclear Disarmament Party]] (NDP) splits.

* [[April 26]] - [[High Court of Australia|High Court]] judge Justice [[Lionel Murphy]] is committed to stand trial on charges of trying to pevert the course of justice.

* [[April 28]] - [[Australia]]n [[Nuclear Disarmament Party]] (NDP) splits.

===May===

* [[May 4]] – The [[Eurovision Song Contest 1985|30th Eurovision Song Contest]] takes place in [[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]] and is won by the [[Bobbysocks!]] song ''[[La det swinge]]'' for [[Norway]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurovision.tv/event/gothenburg-1985|title=Gothenburg 1985|website=Eurovision Song Contest|access-date=March 1, 2021}}</ref>

[[Image:TWA 847 Hijackers with captain.jpg|thumb|200px|The hijackers of [[TWA Flight 847]] in the cockpit of the plane.]]

* [[May 5]] – U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] joins West German Chancellor [[Helmut Kohl]] for a [[Bitburg controversy|controversial]] funeral service at a cemetery in [[Bitburg]], West Germany, which includes the graves of 59 elite [[Schutzstaffel|S.S.]] troops from World War II.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vlib.us/amdocs/texts/reagan051985.html|title=Ronald Reagan: Remarks at a Joint German-American Military Ceremony at Bitburg Air Base in the Federal Republic of Germany|access-date=March 2, 2021}}</ref>

* [[May 8]] - [[New Coke]] is released on the 99th anniversary of [[Coca-Cola]]. It will later become a major [[List of commercial failures|flop]] with consumers.

* [[May 9]] – The 3rd total [[Victory Day]] Parade (the first being in 1945 and the next in 1965) is [[1985 Moscow Victory Day Parade|held]] on Red Square in [[Moscow]] in the Soviet Union. It features T-34-85 tanks, veterans of World War II from Poland, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, and is the first parade to be held during the reign of Mikhail Gorbachev.

* [[May 11]] - The [[FBI]] brings charges against suspected heads of the five [[Mafia]] families in [[New York City]]

* [[May 11]]

* [[May 11]] - Fire engulfs a wooden stand in the [[Valley Parade]] stadium in [[Bradford]], [[England]] during a football match, killing 56.

** The [[FBI]] brings charges against the suspected heads of the [[Five Families|five Mafia families]] in New York City.

* [[May 13]] - [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]'s mayor orders police to storm the radical group's [[MOVE]] headquarters to end a stand-off. The police drop an explosive device into the headquarters killing 11 MOVE members and destroying the homes of 61 city residents in the resulting fire and leaving 250 people homeless.

** [[Bradford City stadium fire]]: A fire engulfs a wooden stand at the [[Valley Parade]] stadium in [[Bradford]], England, during an [[Association football]] match, killing 56 people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/11/newsid_2523000/2523561.stm|title=Fans killed in Bradford stadium fire|date=11 May 1985|access-date=2 December 2008|work=BBC News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307113041/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/11/newsid_2523000/2523561.stm|archive-date=7 March 2008}}</ref>

* [[May 15]] - [[Unabomber]] bomb injures John Hauser at [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]]

* [[May 15]] – [[President of Argentina|Argentine President]] [[Raúl Alfonsín]] terminates Argentine administration of the [[Falkland Islands]] but does not relinquish Argentina's [[Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute|claim to the islands]].

* [[May 17]]- United Airlines Pilots go on strike for 29 days.

* [[May 16]] – Scientists of the [[British Antarctic Survey]] announce the discovery of the [[Ozone depletion|ozone hole]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=978-0-14-102715-9|year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClO_x/NO_x interaction|pages=207–10|last1=Farman|first1=J.C.|author1-link=Joe Farman|last2=Gardiner|first2=B.G.|author2-link=Brian G. Gardiner (meteorologist)|last3=Shanklin|first3=J.D.|author3-link=Jon Shanklin|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|year=1985|doi=10.1038/315207a0|volume=315|issue=6016|bibcode=1985Natur.315..207F|s2cid=4346468}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1533-8525.1994.tb00419.x|first=Stephen C.|last=Zehr|title=Accounting for the Ozone Hole: Scientific Representations of an Anomaly and Prior Incorrect Claims in Public Settings|journal=[[The Sociological Quarterly]]|volume=35|issue=4|pages=603–19|year=1994|jstor=4121521}}</ref>

* [[May 20]] - [[Propaganda]]: [[Radio Marti]] begins broadcasting to [[Cuba]].

* [[May 25]] – Approximately 10,000 people are killed when [[Bangladesh]] is affected by the [[storm surge]] from [[1985 North Indian Ocean cyclone season#Tropical Storm One (1B)|Tropical Storm One (1B)]].

* [[May 23]] - [[Thomas Patrick Cavanagh]] is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell [[stealth bomber]] secrets to the [[Soviet Union]].

* [[May 26]] – Young driver [[Danny Sullivan]] beats veteran [[Mario Andretti]] to win the 1985 [[Indianapolis 500]].<ref>He appears on the cover of ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''.</ref>

* [[May 25]] - [[Bangladesh]] is hit by a [[tropical cyclone]] and [[storm surge]] [[which]] kills approximately 10,000 people.

* [[May 29]] - In the– [[Heysel Stadium disaster]]: atThirty-nine spectators are killed in rioting on the terraces during the [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] final inbetween [[BrusselsLiverpool F.C.]], 39and [[footballJuventus]] (soccer0–1)|football]] fansat die[[Heysel andStadium]] hundredsin are[[Brussels]], injured[[Belgium]].

* [[May 31]] -– [[The1985 US-CanadianUnited Outbreak]]:States–Canada 41 [[tornado outbreak|Forty-four tornadoes]]es hit in [[Ohio]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[Ontario]]., Byincluding itsa endrare and powerful F5. In total, 76the event kills 90 perishpeople.

===June===

* [[June 6]] – The remains of [[Josef Mengele]], the physician notorious for [[Nazi human experimentation]] on inmates of [[Auschwitz concentration camp]], buried in [[1979]] under the name of Wolfgang Gerhard, are exhumed in [[Embu das Artes]], [[Brazil]].<ref>{{cite book|title=In the Matter of Josef Mengele: A Report to the Attorney General of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ma-JtWs3mkC&pg=PT18|year=1992|publisher=U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division|pages=18}}</ref>

* [[June 6]] - The body of [[Josef Mengele]] is located and exhumed in [[Brazil]].

*[[June 14]]

* [[June 9]] - [[Thomas Sutherland]] is kidnapped in [[Lebanon]] (he is not released until [[1991]]).

**[[TWA Flight 847]], carrying 153 passengers from [[Athens]] to [[Rome]], is hijacked by a [[Hezbollah]] fringe group. One passenger, U.S. Navy Petty Officer [[Robert Stethem]], is killed. Greek police arrest a 65-year-old [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] suspect on [[September 21]], [[2019 in the United States|2019]].<ref>{{citation|website=Fox News|author=Robert Gearty|date=September 21, 2019|access-date=September 21, 2019|title=Greek police arrest suspect in 1985 TWA Flight 847 hijacking|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/greek-police-arrest-suspect-in-1985-twa-flight-847-hijacking}}</ref>

* [[June 10]] - [[Claus von Bulow]] is acquitted on charges of trying to kill his wife.

** The [[Schengen Agreement]] is signed between certain member states of the [[European Economic Community]], creating the [[Schengen Area]], a bloc of (at the time) 5 states with no internal border controls.<ref>{{cite book|author=Council of the European Union|title=The Schengen Acquis: Integrated Into the European Union|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwelhZ99ujUC|year=2001|publisher=Office for Official Publications of the European Communities|isbn=978-92-824-1776-8|page=6}}</ref>

* [[June 13]] - In [[Auburn, Washington]], police defuses a [[Unabomber]] bomb sent to [[Boeing]]

* [[June 15]] – [[Studio Ghibli]], an animation studio, is founded in [[Tokyo]].<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Miyazakiworld: A Life in Art]]|last=Napier|first=Susan J.|author-link=Susan J. Napier|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2018|isbn=978-0-300-22685-0|page=91}}</ref>

* [[June 14]] - [[TWA Flight 847]] is hijacked by [[Hezbollah]].

* [[June 20]] – [[1985 Nepal bombings]]: A series of bomb blasts occurs in [[Kathmandu]] and other cities of [[Nepal]].<ref>Bowman, John Stewart. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cYoHOqC7Yx4C&pg=PA398 Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture]''. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. p. 398</ref>

* [[June 23]] - [[Air India Flight 182]], a [[Boeing 747]], blows up 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the [[Atlantic Ocean]], south of [[Ireland]], killing all 329 aboard.

* [[June 22]] – British and Irish police foil a "mainland bombing campaign" sponsored by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] which targets luxury vacation resorts.

* [[June 23]] – [[Air India Flight 182]], a [[Boeing 747]], is blown up by a terrorist bomb 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, on a Montreal–London–Delhi flight, killing all 329 aboard.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=23018688|page=46|title=The Air India Report and the Regulation of Charities and Terrorism Financing|last1=Roach|first1=Kent|journal=The University of Toronto Law Journal|year=2011|volume=61|issue=1|doi=10.3138/utlj.61.1.045}}</ref>

* [[June 24]] – [[STS-51-G]]: [[Space Shuttle]] ''[[Space Shuttle Discovery|Discovery]]'' completes its mission, best remembered for having [[Sultan bin Salman Al Saud]], the first [[Arab]] and first [[Muslims|Muslim]] in space, as a [[payload specialist]].

* [[June 26]] – The iconic [[U.S. Route 66]] is officially decommissioned.<ref>{{AASHTO minutes |year = 1985S |link = yes |v-link = yes |access-date = April 16, 2014 }}</ref>

===July===

[[File:Live Aid at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, PA (cropped1).jpg|thumb|250px|[[Live Aid]] at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia]]

* [[July 4]] - 13-year-old [[Ruth Lawrence]] achieves a first in Mathematics at [[Oxford University]], by becoming the youngest [[United Kingdom|British]] person ever to earn a first-class [[academic degree|degree]] and the youngest known graduate of Oxford University.

* [[July 1]] – The [[Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons]] enters into force.

* [[July 10]] - The [[Greenpeace]] vessel, the ''[[Rainbow Warrior]]'', is [[sinking of the Rainbow Warrior|bombed and sunk]] in [[Auckland, New Zealand|Auckland]] harbour by French [[Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure|DGSE]] agents.

* [[July 10]]

* [[July 10]] - After a storm of controversy surrounding a change in its cola's formula (see [[New Coke]]), [[Coca-Cola]] re-introduces the old formula as "Coca-Cola Classic".

** The [[Greenpeace]] vessel ''[[Rainbow Warrior (1955)|Rainbow Warrior]]'' is [[sinking of the Rainbow Warrior|bombed and sunk]] in [[Auckland Harbour]] by French [[Directorate-General for External Security|DGSE]] agents.

* [[July 13]] - [[Live Aid]] pop concerts in [[Philadelphia]] and [[London]] raise over £50 million for famine relief in [[Ethiopia]].

** [[Aeroflot Flight 5143]] crashes near [[Uchquduq]], [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic|Uzbek SSR]], [[Soviet Union]], killing all 200 people on board.

* [[July 19]] - [[Vice President of the United States|U.S. Vice President]] [[George H. W. Bush]] announces that [[New Hampshire]] teacher [[Christa McAuliffe]] will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the [[Space Shuttle Challenger|Space Shuttle]].

* [[July 13]] – ''[[Live Aid]]'' benefit concerts in [[London]] and [[Philadelphia]] raise over £50&nbsp;million for [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|famine]] relief in [[Derg|Ethiopia]].

* [[July 20]] - The main [[ship wreck]] site of the [[Spain|Spanish]] galleon ''[[Nuestra Señora de Atocha]]'' (which sank in [[1622]]) is found 40 miles off the coast of [[Key West, Florida]] by treasure hunters who soon begin to raise $400 million in [[coin]]s and [[silver]].

* [[July 19]]

**[[New Hampshire]] teacher [[Christa McAuliffe]] is selected as the first person to go into space under the [[Teacher in Space Project]], and designated to ride aboard the [[Space Shuttle Challenger|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=38909|title=Remarks of the Vice President Announcing the Winner of the Teacher in Space Project|access-date=March 16, 2009|date=July 19, 1985|publisher=The American Presidency Project}}</ref>

** The [[Val di Stava dam collapse]]s in Italy, killing 268 people, destroying 63 buildings, and demolishing eight bridges.

* [[July 20]] – [[State President of South Africa]], [[P. W. Botha]], declares a state of emergency in 36 magisterial districts of South Africa amid growing civil unrest in [[Bantustan|black townships]].

===August==='

* [[August 2]] – [[Delta Air Lines Flight 191]] crashes near [[Dallas, Texas]], United States, killing 137 people.

* August 2 - The first "Sesame Street" movie, "Follow That Bird" premieres in theaters.

* [[August 12]] – [[Japan Air Lines Flight 123]] crashes in Japan, killing 520 people, including Japanese singer [[Kyu Sakamoto]]; it is the worst single-aircraft disaster in aviation history.<ref name="aviation-safety.net">{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|date=|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747SR-46 JA8119 Ueno|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850812-1|access-date=October 23, 2023|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>

* [[August 2]] - [[Delta Air Lines Flight 191]] crashes in [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]], [[Texas]], killing 137 people.

* [[August 614]] -– InThe [[HiroshimaAccomarca massacre]], tenstakes ofplace thousandsin mark the 40th anniversary of the[[Ayacucho]], [[atomic bombPeru]]ing of the city.

* [[August 22]] – [[British Airtours Flight 28M]]: The 737's left engine catches fire while on its takeoff roll at [[Manchester Airport]] in the UK and 55 people are killed while trying to evacuate the aircraft.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Service held to mark 1985 Manchester air disaster|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11050362|work=BBC News|date=22 August 2010|access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref>

* [[August 7]] - [[Takao Doi]], [[Mamoru Mohri]] and [[Chiaki Mukai]] are chosen to be [[Japan|Japan's]] first [[astronaut]]s.

* [[August 25]] – [[Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808]] crashes in the United States, killing all 8 on board, including thirteen-year-old American celebrity schoolgirl [[Samantha Smith]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Andropov's Pal Samantha Smith Dies in Plane Crash|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-26-mn-26337-story.html|access-date=14 May 2017|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|agency=Associated Press|date=26 August 1985|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310124254/http://articles.latimes.com/1985-08-26/news/mn-26337_1_samantha-smith|archive-date=10 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[August 12]] - [[Japan Airlines Flight 123]], a [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747SR-46]] plane en route from [[Tokyo]] to [[Osaka]], crashed northwest of Tokyo, killing 520 of the 524 people on board.

* [[August 22]] - 55 people killed at in the [[Manchester air disaster]] at [[Manchester International Airport]] when a British Airtours [[Boeing 737]] burst into flames after the pilot aborts the takeoff.

* [[August 31]] - [[Richard Ramirez]] arrested for the "Night Stalker" murders.

===September===

* [[September 1]] &ndash; The [[Wreck of the RMS Titanic|wreck of the RMS ''Titanic'']] is located by a joint American-French expedition led by [[Robert Ballard]] ([[Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution|WHOI]]) and [[Jean-Louis Michel (oceanographer)|Jean-Louis Michel]] ([[IFREMER]]) using [[side-scan sonar]] from [[RV Knorr|RV ''Knorr'']].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Sept. 2, 1985: Hey, Everyone, We Found the ''Titanic''|first=Randy|last=Alfred|url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/09/dayintech_0902|date=2008-02-09|access-date=2011-11-03|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}</ref>

* [[September 1]] - A joint American-French expedition locates the wreck of the [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']].

* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105]], a [[Douglas DC-9|McDonnell Douglas DC-9]], crashes just after takeoff from [[Milwaukee]], killing all 31 on board.

* [[September 5]] - [[John Howard]] replaces [[Andrew Peacock]] as [[Australia]]n Federal Opposition Leader.

* [[September 19]] &ndash; An 8.0 {{M|w|link=y}} [[1985 Mexico City earthquake|earthquake]] strikes Mexico City, killing between 5,000 and 45,000 people and injuring 30,000 more.

* [[September 6]] - [[Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105]], a [[Douglas DC-9]] crashes just after takeoff from [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]], killing 31.

* [[September 20]] &ndash; The [[capital gains tax]] is introduced to Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ato.gov.au/businesses/content.aspx?doc=/content/64155.htm|title=Redirect|website=ato.gov.au|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114111844/http://www.ato.gov.au/businesses/content.aspx?doc=%2Fcontent%2F64155.htm|archive-date=January 14, 2012}}</ref>

* September 13 - "Super Mario Bros" was released on NES, Japan, September 13, 1985.

* [[September 1522]] - U.S. hostage [[Benjamin Weir]] released in [[Lebanon]].

** The [[Plaza Accord]] is signed by five nations.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Furuse|first1=Takayuki|title=30 years after Plaza Accord, nations' currency goals evolve|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/09/22/national/history/30-years-plaza-accord-nations-currency-goals-evolve/|website=The Japan Times|access-date=21 May 2021|date=2015-09-22}}</ref>

* [[September 19]] - 8.1 [[Richter scale]] [[earthquake]] strikes [[Mexico City]]. More than 9,000 people are killed, a further 30,000 injured, and 95,000 lose their homes

** Artists [[Christo and Jeanne-Claude]] wrap the [[Pont Neuf]], the oldest bridge in Paris, for two weeks (22 Sep. – 5 Oct. 1985). ''[[The Pont Neuf Wrapped]]'' attracts three million visitors.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Fineberg|first1=Jonathan David|title=Christo and Jeanne-Claude: On the Way to The Gates, Central Park, New York City|date=2004|language=en|isbn=978-0-300-10405-9|publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref>

* [[September 23]] &ndash; Italian crime reporter [[Giancarlo Siani]] is killed by the [[Camorra]].

===October===

* [[October 1]] -– [[Operation Wooden Leg]]: The [[Israel]]i air force bombs [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]] Headquartersheadquarters innear [[Tunis]].

* [[October 63]] -– PCThe [[KeithSpace Blakelock]]Shuttle isAtlantis|Space killedShuttle during the [[Broadwater Farm Riot''Atlantis'']] inmakes [[Tottenham]],its [[London]]maiden flight.

* [[October 7]] – The cruise ship ''[[MS Achille Lauro|Achille Lauro]]'' is [[Achille Lauro hijacking|hijacked]] in the Mediterranean Sea by four heavily armed Palestinian terrorists. One passenger, American [[Leon Klinghoffer]], is killed.

* October 21 - "Super Mario Bros" is released on NES, October 21, 1985.

* [[October 16]] – The Finnish [[dry cargo ship]] MS ''Hanna-Marjut'', on its way from [[Mariehamn]] to [[Naantali]], sinks in hard sea on the open water of Kihti between the [[Kökar]] and [[Sottunga]] islands of [[Åland]], leading to the drowning of four people.<ref>Vaheri-Hyvärinen-Saari: [https://www.hylyt.net/item/hanna-marjut-868/ Hanna-Marjut] – Hylyt.net (in Finnish)</ref><ref>[https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?94053 M/S Hanna Marjut] – Wrecksite.eu</ref>

* October 31 - The 1985's Halloween Parade begins marching on October 31st, 1985.

* [[October 18]] – The [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] is released in North America.

* [[October 25]] – [[Emirates Airlines]] is established in [[Dubai]] and makes its first flight, to [[Karachi]], Pakistan.

===November===

* [[November 6]] - In [[Colombia]], leftist guerrillas of the [[19th of April Movement|M-19]] movement [[Palace of Justice siege|seize control of the Palace of Justice]] in [[Bogotá]]. By the next day, 115 people are dead, including 11 [[Supreme Court of Columbia|Supreme Court]] justices.

* [[November 6]]

* [[November 15]] - In separate events, [[mail bomb]]s kill two people in [[Salt Lake City, Utah]]; a third bomb explodes the next day, injuring [[Mark Hoffman]]. The ensuing police investigation leads to the arrest of Hoffman for these murders, as well as [[forgery]].

** [[Palace of Justice siege]]: Members of the [[19th of April Movement]] (M-19) Marxist guerrilla group take over the [[Palace of Justice of Colombia]] in [[Bogotá]] and hold the [[Supreme Court of Colombia|Supreme Court]] hostage. Hours later, after a military raid, the incident leaves almost half of the 25 Supreme Court Justices dead.

* [[November 16]] - When 1,800 staff of [[Baragwanath hospital]] in [[Soweto]], [[South Africa]] go on strike for better pay, they are dismissed and troops called in to help run the hospital.

** The Argentine tourist village of [[Villa Epecuén]] is permanently flooded through the collapse of a dam and dyke.

* [[November 18]] - First [[Calvin and Hobbes]] comic strip printed in a handful of newspapers; the strip is not carried in the hometown newspaper of its creator, [[Bill Watterson]].

* [[November 9]] – In an all-Soviet match, 22-year-old [[Garry Kasparov]] defeats [[Anatoly Karpov]] to become the youngest-ever undisputed winner of the [[World Chess Championship]].

* [[November 19]] - [[Cold War]]: In [[Geneva]], [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[Soviet Union]] leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] meet for the first time.

* [[November 12]] – A [[Solar eclipse of November 12, 1985|total solar eclipse occurs]] over Antarctica at 14:11:22 UTC.

* [[November 19]] - [[Pennzoil]] wins a $10.53 billion verdict from [[Texaco]] in the largest civil verdict in U.S. history (Texaco established a signed contract to buy [[Getty Oil]] after Pennzoil entered into an unsigned, yet still binding, buyout contract with Getty).

* [[November 13]] – [[Armero tragedy]]: The [[Nevado del Ruiz]] [[volcano]] erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed by [[lahar]]s, in the town of [[Armero]], [[Colombia]].

* [[November 20]] - Microsoft Corporation releases the first version of Windows, [[Windows 1.0]].

* [[November 19]] – [[Cold War]]: In [[Geneva]], U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[Soviet Union]] leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] [[Geneva Summit (1985)|meet]] for the first time.

* [[November 21]] - [[United States Navy]] intelligence analyst [[Jonathan Jay Pollard]] is arrested for [[espionage|spying]] (he was caught giving [[Israel]] classified information on [[Arab]] nations and was eventually sentenced to life in prison).

* [[November 20]] – Microsoft Corporation releases the first U.S. release of [[Windows 1.0]], as version 1.01.<ref name="win1us">{{Cite web|last=Edwards|first=Benj|date=August 24, 2021|title=35 Years of Microsoft Windows: Remembering Windows 1.0|url=https://www.howtogeek.com/700661/35-years-of-microsoft-windows-remembering-windows-1.0/|access-date=April 15, 2022|website=How-To Geek|language=en-US|archive-date=February 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205015926/https://www.howtogeek.com/700661/35-years-of-microsoft-windows-remembering-windows-1.0/|url-status=live}}</ref> International support comes with the release of Windows 1.02 in Europe in May 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-19|title=Tech Rewind: Interesting facts about Microsoft Windows 1.0|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/tech-rewind--interesting-facts-about-microsoft-windows-1.0-16696182|access-date=2023-10-24|website=Mid-day|language=en}}</ref>

* [[November 23]] - Gunmen [[hijacking|hijack]] [[EgyptAir Flight 648]] while en route from [[Athens]] to [[Cairo]]. When the plane lands in [[Malta]], [[Egypt]]ian commandos storm the hijacked jetliner but 60 people die in the raid.

* [[November 2523]] -– Man[[EgyptAir wearingFlight a648]] chickenis suithijacked walks intoby the [[AustralianAbu HouseNidal]] ofgroup Representativesand flown to [[Malta]], andwhere sits[[Egypt]]ian oncommandos storm the governmentplane; front60 bench.are Hekilled isby latergunfire removedand explosions.

* [[November 25]] – [[1985 Aeroflot Antonov An-12 shoot-down]]: A Soviet [[Aeroflot]] [[Antonov An-12]] cargo airplane, en route from [[Cuito Cuanavale]] to [[Luanda]], is shot down by [[South African Special Forces]] and crashes approximately {{Convert|43|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of [[Menongue]], the provincial center of the [[Cuando Cubango Province]], [[Angola]], killing 8 crew members and 13 passengers on board.

* [[November 26]] - [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Ronald Reagan]] signs over rights to his [[autobiography]] to [[Random House]] for a record US$3 million.

* [[November 2829]] -– [[GerardGérard Hoarau]], exiled political leader from the [[Seychelles]], is assassinated in [[London]].

===December===

* [[December 1]]

** The [[Organization of Ibero-American States]] for Education, Science and Culture (Spanish: Organización e Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación la Ciencia y la Cultura; OEI) is created.

** The [[Ford Taurus]] and [[Mercury Sable]] are released for sale to the public in the [[US]].

* [[December 8]] – The [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation]] (SAARC) is established.

* [[December 11]] – Hugh Scrutton is killed outside his [[Sacramento, California]], computer rental store by a [[Unabomber]] explosive, becoming the first fatality of the bombing campaign.

* [[December 12]] – [[Arrow Air Flight 1285R]], a [[Douglas DC-8]], crashes after takeoff from [[Gander International Airport|Gander, Newfoundland]], killing 256 people – 248 of whom were U.S. servicemen returning to [[Fort Campbell, Kentucky]], after overseeing a peacekeeping force in the [[Sinai Peninsula]].<ref name=tbro>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BD0yAAAAIBAJ&pg=1698%2C1240370|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|agency=news services|title=Terror bomb ruled out in Canada's worst crash|date=December 13, 1985|page=A1}}</ref>

* [[December 20]] – [[Pope John Paul II]] announces the institution of [[World Youth Day]] for Catholic youths.

* [[December 27]]

**[[Rome and Vienna airport attacks]]: [[Abu Nidal]] terrorists open fire in the airports of [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Rome]] and [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]], leaving 18 dead and 120 injured.

** American naturalist [[Dian Fossey]] is found brutally murdered in [[Rwanda]].

===Date unknown===

*[[December 1]] - [[Ford Taurus]] is revealed to the public. It would become one of [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'s biggest successes ever.

* The [[fullerene]] [[Buckminsterfullerene]] (C₆₀) is first intentionally prepared by [[Harold Kroto]], [[James R. Heath]], Sean O'Brien, [[Robert Curl]] and [[Richard Smalley]] at [[Rice University]] in the US.

*[[December 9]] - [[Pixar]] is founded.

* [[DNA]] is first used in a criminal case.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gaines|first=Larry|author2=Miller, LeRoy|title=Criminal Justice In Action: The Core|year=2006|publisher=[[Cengage|Thomson/Wadsworth]]|isbn=978-0-495-00305-2}}</ref>

* [[December 12]] - [[Arrow Air Flight 1285]] [[DC-8]] crashes after takeoff in [[Gander]], [[Newfoundland]], killing 256, 248 of whom were [[United States|U.S.]] servicemen returning from overseeing a peacekeeping force in [[Sinai]].

* The [[1983–85 famine in Ethiopia]] continues; [[USA for Africa]] (''[[We Are the World]]'') and [[Live Aid]] raise funds for [[famine relief]].

* [[December 16]] - In [[New York City]], [[Mafia]] bosses [[Paul Castellano]] and [[Thomas Bilotti]] are shot dead in front of Sparky's Steak House, making hit organizer [[John Gotti]] the leader of the powerful [[Gambino]] organized crime family.

* The [[Union for Aromanian Language and Culture]], an [[Aromanians|Aromanian]] cultural organization, is founded in [[Freiburg im Breisgau]] by the Aromanian professor {{ill|Vasile Barba|bg|Василе Барба}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://evz.ro/lali-vasili-a-stat-20-de-zile-pe-pamant-dupa-moarte-901037.html|title="Lali Vasili a stat 20 de zile pe pământ după moarte"|first=Adam|last=Popescu|newspaper=[[Evenimentul Zilei]]|date=4 October 2010|language=ro}}</ref>

* [[December 27]] - [[Rome and Vienna Airport Attacks]] - Groups of [[Abu Nidal]] members open fire in the [[airport]]s of [[Rome]] and [[Vienna]] - 18 dead, 120 injured

* Africa has a population growth of 3.2 percent per year.

* [[December 27]] - American naturalist [[Dian Fossey]] is found murdered in [[Rwanda]].

* [[December 31]] - Last issue of [[The Columbus Citizen-Journal]] is distributed.

===Environmental and weather change===

* [[Asian tiger mosquito]], an [[invasive species]] is first found in [[Houston, Texas]]

* [[November 13]] - The volcano [[Nevado del Ruiz]] erupts in [[Colombia]], killing an estimated 23,000 people.

* [[Ethiopian famine]] continues - [[Live Aid]] attempts to raise funds for [[famine relief]].

===Unknown date===

* [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] celebrates its 150th anniversary.

* [[Capital gains tax]] introduced to [[Australia]].

* [[Buckyball]]s discovered by [[Harold Kroto]], [[Robert Curl]] and [[Richard Smalley]].

* [[GNU Manifesto]] first written by [[Richard Stallman]].

* [[Western Sahara]] is admitted to the [[Organization of African Unity]]; [[Morocco]], which claims Western Sahara, leaves in protest.

* [[Solarquest]], space age real estate game, first published by Golden.

* [[Free Software Foundation]] founded.

* [[Norma Phillips Thornworth]] elected president of [[Mothers Against Drunk Driving]].

* [[ATI Technologies]] is founded.

==Births==

===January-May===

* [[January 1]] - [[Steven Davis (footballer)|Steven Davis]], Northern Irish footballer

* [[January 28]] - [[Daniel Carcillo]], Canadian hockey player

* [[February 1]] - [[Dean Shiels]], Northern Irish footballer

* [[February 5]] - [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], Portuguese footballer

* [[February 7]] - [[Clara Bryant]], American actress

* February 7 - [[Tina Majorino]], American actress

* [[February 9]] - [[Rachel Melvin]], American actress

* [[February 10]] - [[Anette Sagen]], Norwegian ski jumper

* [[February 11]] - [[William Beckett]], American singer

* [[February 18]] - [[Lee Boyd Malvo]], American serial killer

* [[February 19]] - [[Haylie Duff]], American actress and singer

* [[February 27]] - [[Abe Asami]], Japanese singer and actress

* [[February 28]] - [[FeFe Dobson]], Canadian singer

* [[March 2]] - [[Reggie Bush]], American football player

* March 2 - [[Robert Iler]], American actor

* [[March 3]] - [[Sam Morrow]], Northern Irish footballer

* [[March 11]] - [[Paul Bissonnette]], Canadian hockey player

* [[March 13]] - [[Emile Hirsch]], American actor

* [[March 15]] - [[Antti Autti]], Finnish snowboarder

* [[March 20]] - [[Ryan Stone]], Canadian hockey player

* [[March 24]] - [[Haruka Ayase]], Japanese actress and model

* [[March 26]] - [[Keira Knightley]], English actress

* [[May 2]] - [[Sarah Hughes]], American figure skater

===June-December===

* [[June 9]] - [[Sebastian Telfair]], Portland Trailblazers

* [[June 17]] - [[Marcos Baghdatis]], Cypriot tennis player

* [[June 26]] - [[Urgyen Trinley Dorje]], Tibetan Buddhist spiritual leader

* [[June 27]] - [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]], Russian tennis player

* [[June 28]] - [[Phillip Bardsley]], English footballer

* [[June 30]] - [[Michael Phelps]], American swimmer

* [[July 2]] - [[Ashley Tisdale]], American actress

* [[July 24]] - [[Teagan Presley]], American actress

* [[July 25]] - [[James Lafferty]], American actor and athlete

* [[September 13]] - [[Jamie Gough]], New Zealand (Christchurch) Mayoral Candidate

* [[September 14]] - [[Aya Ueto]], Japanese actress

* [[October 11]] - [[Michelle Trachtenberg]], American actress

* [[October 22]] - [[Zachary Hanson]], American musician

* [[October 24]] - [[Wayne Rooney]], English footballer

* [[October 25]] - [[Ciara]], American singer

* [[November 8]] - [[Jack Osbourne]], English actor

* [[November 11]] - [[Robin Uthappa]], Indian cricketer

* [[November 18]] - [[Rex Goudie]], Canadian singer

* [[November 30]] - [[Kaley Cuoco]], American actress

* [[December 3]] - [[Amanda Seyfried]], American actress

* [[December 5]] - [[Frankie Muniz]], American actor

* [[December 10]] - [[Raven Symone]], American actress

* [[December 21]] - [[James Stewart Jr.]], American motorcycle racer

* [[December 23]] - [[Harry Judd]], English drummer

==Deaths==

===January-June===

*[[January 4]] - Sir [[Brian Horrocks]], British general (b. [[1895]])

*[[March 10]] - [[Konstantin Chernenko]], Soviet politician (b. [[1911]])

*[[March 12]] - [[Eugene Ormandy]], Hungarian conductor (b. [[1899]])

*[[March 28]] - [[Marc Chagall]], Russian-born painter (b. [[1887]])

*[[April 8]] - [[J. Fred Coots]], American Songwriter (b. [[1897]])

*[[April 11]] - [[Enver Hoxha]], Albanian dictator (b. [[1908]])

*[[April 22]] - [[Paul H. Emmett]], American chemical engineer (b. [[1900]])

*[[May 4]] - [[Clarence Wiseman]], the 10th General of [[The Salvation Army]] (b. 1907)

*[[May 5]] - [[Donald Bailey|Sir Donald Bailey]], British civil engineer (b. [[1901]])

*[[May 8]] - [[Theodore Sturgeon]], American writer (b. [[1918]])

*[[May 9]] - [[Edmond O'Brien]], American actor (b. [[1915]])

*[[May 10]] - [[Chester Gould]], American cartoonist (b. [[1900]])

*[[May 12]] - [[Jean Dubuffet]], French artist (b. [[1901]])

*[[May 16]] - [[Margaret Hamilton]], American actress (b. [[1902]])

*[[May 17]] - [[Abe Burrows]], American songwriter, composer, and writer (b. [[1910]])

*[[June 11]] - [[Karen Ann Quinlan]], American right-to-die cause célèbre (b. [[1954]])

*[[June 15]] - [[Andy Stanfield]], American athlete (b. [[1927]])

*[[June 12]] - [[Hua Luogeng]], Chinese Mathematician

===July-August===

*[[July 2]] - [[David Purley]], British race car driver (b. [[1945]])

*[[July 9]] - [[Jimmy Kinnon]], Scottish founder of Narcotics Anonymous (b. [[1911]])

*[[July 16]] - [[Heinrich Böll]], German writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1917]])

*[[July 19]] - [[Janusz A. Zajdel]], Polish writer (b. [[1938]])

*[[July 27]] - [[John Scarne]], American magician and card expert (b. [[1903]])

*[[August 6]] - [[Forbes Burnham]], [[President of Guyana]] (b. [[1923]])

*[[August 12]]

**[[Manfred Winkelhock]], German race car driver (b. [[1951]])

**[[Kyu Sakamoto]], Japanese singer, well known by his most famous song, "[[Sukiyaki (song)|Sukiyaki]]", killed in the crash of [[Japan Airlines Flight 123]](b. [[1941]])

*[[August 25]] - [[Samantha Smith]], American schoolgirl activist (b. [[1972]])

*[[August 31]] - [[Frank Macfarlane Burnet]], Australian biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1899]])

===September-October===

*[[September 6]]

**[[Isabel J. Cox|Isabel Cox-Meighen]], First Lady of Canada (b. [[1882]])

**[[Little Brother Montgomery]], American musician

*[[September 7]] - [[Rodney Robert Porter]], English biochemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1917]])

*[[September 8]] - [[John Franklin Enders]], American scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1887]])

*[[September 9]] - [[Paul Flory]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1910]])

*[[September 11]] - [[William Alwyn]], English composer (b. [[1905]])

*[[September 19]] - [[Italo Calvino]], Italian writer (b. [[1923]])

*[[October 1]] - [[E.B. White]], American writer (b. [[1899]])

*[[October 2]]

**[[Rock Hudson]], American actor (b. [[1925]])

**[[George Savalas]], American actor, brother of [[Telly Savalas]] (b. [[1926]])

*[[October 6]] - [[Nelson Riddle]], American bandleader (b. [[1921]])

*[[October 10]]

**[[Yul Brynner]], American actor (b. [[1915]])

**[[Orson Welles]], American film director (b. [[1915]])

*[[October 12]] - [[Johnny Olson]], American game show announcer (b. [[1910]])

*[[October 22]] - [[Thomas Townsend Brown]], American scientist (b. [[1905]])

*[[October 31]] - [[Poul Reichhardt]], Danish actor (b. [[1913]])

===November-DecemberWorld population===

{|class="wikitable"

*[[November 5]] - [[Spencer W. Kimball]], president of the [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (b. [[1895]])

|-

*[[November 13]] - [[William Pereira]], American architect (b. [[1909]])

!colspan=7|[[World population]]

*[[November 24]] - [[Big Joe Turner]], American blues singer (b. [[1911]])

|-

*[[December 7]] - [[Robert Graves]], English writer (b. [[1895]])

!

*[[December 12]] - [[Anne Baxter]], American actress (b. [[1923]])

!1985

*[[December 23]] - [[Ferhat Abbas]], Algerian nationalist (b. [[1899]])

!colspan="2"|[[1980]]

*[[December 24]] - [[Robert Lincoln Beckwith]], last direct descendant of President [[Abraham Lincoln]] (b. [[1904]])

!colspan="2"|[[1990]]

*[[December 27]] - [[Dian Fossey]], American biologist (b. [[1932]])

|-

*[[December 31]] - [[Ricky Nelson]], American singer and actor (b. [[1940]])

|align="left"|[[File:Globe.svg|50px]] World

|align="right"|'''4,830,979,000'''

|align="right"|4,434,682,000

|align="right"|396,297,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|align="right"|5,263,593,000

|align="right"|432,614,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|-

|align="left"|[[File:Africa satellite orthographic.jpg|50px]] Africa

|align="right"|'''541,814,000'''

|align="right"|469,618,000

|align="right"|72,196,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|align="right"|622,443,000

|align="right"|80,629,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|-

|align="left"|[[File:Two-point-equidistant-asia.jpg|50px]] Asia

|align="right"|'''2,887,552,000'''

|align="right"|2,632,335,000

|align="right"|255,217,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|align="right"|3,167,807,000

|align="right"|280,255,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|-

|align="left"|[[File:Europe satellite orthographic.jpg|50px]] Europe

|align="right"|'''706,009,000'''

|align="right"|692,431,000

|align="right"|13,578,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|align="right"|721,582,000

|align="right"|15,573,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|-

| align="left" |[[File:Latin America terrain.jpg|50px]] South America

|align="right"|'''401,469,000'''

|align="right"|361,401,000

|align="right"|40,068,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|align="right"|441,525,000

|align="right"|40,056,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|-

| align="left" |[[File:LocationWHNorthernAmerica.png|50px]] North America

|align="right"|'''269,456,000'''

|align="right"|256,068,000

|align="right"|13,388,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|align="right"|283,549,000

|align="right"|14,093,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|-

|align="left"|[[File:Oceania (World-Factbook).jpg|50px]] Oceania

|align="right"|'''24,678,000'''

|align="right"|22,828,000

|align="right"|1,850,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|align="right"|26,687,000

|align="right"|2,009,000&nbsp;[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]]

|}

== Births and deaths ==

==Nobel prizes==

{{Main|Category:1985 births|Deaths in 1985}}

* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Klaus von Klitzing]]

* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - [[Herbert A. Hauptman]], [[Jerome Karle]]

* [[Nobel Prize in literature|Literature]] - [[Claude Simon]]

* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - [[International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War]]

* [[Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel|Economics]] - [[Franco Modigliani]]

* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] - [[Michael S. Brown]], [[Joseph L. Goldstein]]

==[[TempletonNobel Prize]]Prizes==

[[File:Nobel medal.png|right|120px]]

* [[Alister Hardy|Sir Alister Hardy]]

* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Klaus von Klitzing]]

* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Herbert A. Hauptman]], [[Jerome Karle]]

* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] – [[Claude Simon]]

* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] – [[International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War]]

* [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] – [[Franco Modigliani]]

* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] – [[Michael Stuart Brown]], [[Joseph L. Goldstein]]

==References==

== [[Right Livelihood Award]] ==

{{reflist}}

* [[Theo van Boven]], [[Cary Fowler]] / [[Pat Mooney]] / [[Rural Advancement Fund International]], [[Lokayan]] / [[Rajni Kothari]] and [[Duna Kör]]

{{Events by month links}}

[[Category:1985]]

{{Authority control}}

[[af{{DEFAULTSORT:1985]]}}

[[alsCategory:1985| ]]

[[an:1985]]

[[ar:1985]]

[[ast:1985]]

[[az:1985]]

[[be:1985]]

[[bg:1985]]

[[bs:1985]]

[[ca:1985]]

[[cs:1985]]

[[csb:1985]]

[[cv:1985]]

[[cy:1985]]

[[da:1985]]

[[de:1985]]

[[el:1985]]

[[eo:1985]]

[[es:1985]]

[[et:1985]]

[[eu:1985]]

[[fi:1985]]

[[fo:1985]]

[[fr:1985]]

[[fy:1985]]

[[ga:1985]]

[[gl:1985]]

[[he:1985]]

[[hr:1985]]

[[hu:1985]]

[[ia:1985]]

[[id:1985]]

[[io:1985]]

[[is:1985]]

[[it:1985]]

[[ja:1985年]]

[[ka:1985]]

[[kn:೧೯೮೫]]

[[ko:1985년]]

[[kw:1985]]

[[la:1985]]

[[lb:1985]]

[[lt:1985]]

[[mk:1985]]

[[ms:1985]]

[[nap:1985]]

[[nl:1985]]

[[nn:1985]]

[[no:1985]]

[[os:1985]]

[[pl:1985]]

[[pt:1985]]

[[ro:1985]]

[[ru:1985]]

[[scn:1985]]

[[simple:1985]]

[[sk:1985]]

[[sl:1985]]

[[sq:1985]]

[[sr:1985]]

[[sv:1985]]

[[te:1985]]

[[th:พ.ศ. 2528]]

[[tl:1985]]

[[tr:1985]]

[[tt:1985]]

[[uk:1985]]

[[wa:1985]]

[[zh:1985年]]