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{{Short description|Capital of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = {{PH wikidata|name}}
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
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| image1 =
Pagadian Dancing Fountain.JPG
| caption1 = Plaza Luz Dancing Fountain
| image2 =
Pagadian City Public Market 2.JPG
| caption2 = Pagadian Public Market
| image3 = Rotunda View deck tower. Photo taken- February 25, 2024.jpg
| caption3 = Rotunda View Deck
| image4 = Pagadian Seaside Boulevard, Illana Bay top view (Pagadian, Zamboanga Del Sur; 10-13-2023).jpg
| caption4 = Pagadian Boulevard
| image5 =
Pagadian City Hall 2024.jpg
| caption5 = City Hall
| image6 = Pagadian Mosque (2).jpg
| caption6 = Pagadian Mosque
}}
| flag_size = 120x80px
| image_seal = Pagadian Zamboanga del Sur.png
| seal_size = 100x80px
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}}
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Philippines
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{PH wikidata|region}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{PH wikidata|province}}
| official_name = {{PH wikidata|official_name}}
| etymology = <!--origin of name-->
| named_for = <!--named after (if person or place)-->
| native_name =
| other_name =
| nickname = Home of the 40 Degree Tricycle<br />Little Hongkong of the South<ref>{{cite web | title = Little Hongkong of the South |url=http://www.pagadian.gov.ph/images/stories/rokstories/pic4.jpg| access-date = March 29, 2009 }}</ref>
| motto = ''Asenso Pagadian!''
| anthem = ''Beautiful Pagadian''
| subdivision_type3 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#District representation|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = {{PH legislative district}}
| established_title = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| established_date = March 23, 1937
| established_title1 = Cityhood
| established_date1 = June 21, 1969
| parts_type = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style = para
| p1 = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }} (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Samuel Sy Co ([[Lakas-CMD|Lakas]])
| leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = Monique Shaira “Aiko” Yu To ([[Partido Federal ng Pilipinas|PFP]])
| leader_title2 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#Current composition|Representative]] <!--congressman or congresswoman -->
| leader_name2 = Joseph Yu ([[Lakas-CMD|Lakas]])
| leader_title3 = [[Sangguniang Panlungsod|City Council]]
| leader_name3 = {{PH Town Council
| 1 = <div style="border-style:solid none; border-width:thin; border-color:Gainsboro; background:#e6e6e6; text-align:center; width:95%; font-variant:small-caps;"></div>
| 2=Sam Tyra F. Co
| 3=Arnold R. Gavenia
| 4=Ronald Christopher Glenn L. Ariosa
| 5=Jesuseller M. Duterte
| 6=Prescilla M. Fernandez
| 7=Fernando Y. Pameron
| 8=Troy B. Asugas
| 9=Vincenzo E. Cagampang
| 10=Teodoro M. Quicoy
| 11=Jesus B. Bajamunde Jr.
}}
| leader_title4 = [[Elections in the Philippines#Qualification|Electorate]]
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| government_footnotes = {{thinsp}}<ref>{{DILG detail}}</ref>
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| population_footnotes = {{PH wikidata|population_reference}}
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| population_as_of = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title = [[Household]]s
| population_blank1 = {{PH wikidata|household}}
| population_blank2_title =
| population_blank2 =
| population_demonym = Pagadianon
| population_rank =
| population_note =
| timezone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset = +8
| postal_code_type = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| postal2_code_type = {{PSGCstyle}}
| postal2_code = {{PSGC detail}}
| area_code_type = {{areacodestyle}}
| area_code = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| website = {{PH wikidata|website}}
| demographics_type1 = [[Economy of the Philippines|Economy]]
| demographics1_title1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class_title}}
| demographics1_info1 = 1st city income class
| demographics1_title2 = [[Measuring poverty|Poverty incidence]]
| demographics1_info2 = {{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence}}% ({{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_point_in_time}}){{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_footnotes}}
| demographics1_title3 = [[Revenue]]
| demographics1_info3 = {{PH wikidata|revenue}} {{PH wikidata|revenue_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title4 = Revenue rank
| demographics1_info4 =
| demographics1_title5 = [[Asset]]s
| demographics1_info5 = {{PH wikidata|assets}} {{PH wikidata|assets_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title6 = Assets rank
| demographics1_info6 =
| demographics1_title7 = [[Internal Revenue Allotment|IRA]]
| demographics1_info7 =
| demographics1_title8 = IRA rank
| demographics1_info8 =
| demographics1_title9 = [[Expenditure]]
| demographics1_info9 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title10 = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]]
| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics_type2 = Service provider
| demographics2_title1 = [[List of electric distribution utilities in the Philippines|Electricity]]
| demographics2_info1 = {{PH electricity distribution | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}
| demographics2_title2 = Water
| demographics2_info2 =
| demographics2_title3 = Telecommunications
| demographics2_info3 =
| demographics2_title4 = Cable TV
| demographics2_info4 =
| demographics2_title5 =
| demographics2_info5 =
| demographics2_title6 =
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| demographics2_title7 =
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| blank_name_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_title}}
| blank_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_type}}
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Languages of the Philippines|Native languages]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|language}} <br/> Maguindanaon <br/> Iranun <br/> Maranao <br/> Tausug <br/> Samal
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Crime index]]
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| blank3_name_sec1 =
| blank3_info_sec1 =
| blank4_name_sec1 =
| blank4_info_sec1 =
| blank5_name_sec1 =
| blank5_info_sec1 =
| blank6_name_sec1 =
| blank6_info_sec1 =
| blank7_name_sec1 =
| blank7_info_sec1 =
| blank1_name_sec2 = Major religions
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| blank2_name_sec2 = Feast date
| blank2_info_sec2 =
| blank3_name_sec2 = Catholic diocese
| blank3_info_sec2 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pagadian|Diocese of Pagadian]]
| blank4_name_sec2 = Patron saint
| blank4_info_sec2 = Santo Niño de Pagadian
| blank5_name_sec2 =
| blank5_info_sec2 =
| blank6_name_sec2 =
| blank6_info_sec2 =
| blank7_name_sec2 =
| blank7_info_sec2 =
| short_description =
| footnotes =
| established_title2 = Component City
| established_date2 =
}}
'''Pagadian''', officially the '''City of Pagadian''',{{efn|{{langx|ceb|Dakbayan sa Pagadian}}; [[Subanon language|Subanen]]: ''Gembagel G'benwa Pagadian''; [[Maguindanao language|Maguindanaon]]: ''Kuta nu Pagadian'', كوت نو ڤڬديان; [[Iranun language|Iranun]]: ''Bandar a Pagadian'', بندر ا ڤاڬاديان; {{langx|cbk|Ciudad de Pagadian}}; {{langx|fil|Lungsod ng Pagadian}}}} is a [[Component city of the Philippines|component city]] and the capital of the [[Provinces of the Philippines|province]] of [[Zamboanga del Sur]], Philippines. It is the regional center of [[Zamboanga Peninsula]] and the second-largest city in the region, after the independent [[Zamboanga City|city of Zamboanga]]. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 206,483 people.{{PH wikidata|population_reference}} The city will be converted to a highly urbanized city by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1247, signed by President [[Rodrigo Duterte]] dated November 8, 2021.<ref name="The Official Gazette">{{cite web|url=https://mirror.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2021/11nov/20211108-PROC-1247-RRD.pdf|title=Proclamation 1247|publisher=The Official Gazette|date=November 8, 2021 |access-date=November 15, 2021}}</ref>
Pagadian began as stop-over for traders who plied the road between the old [[Zamboanga City|Spanish fort-town of Zamboanga]] on the southwestern tip of the [[Zamboanga Peninsula (geographical region)|Zamboanga Peninsula]] and other bigger towns to the north of the old [[Zamboanga (province)|Zamboanga Province]]. Except for its sheltered bay and good fishing grounds, it was not a promising site because it is situated on steeply rolling terrain. In the course of its local history, waves of different kinds of people came to stay, and eventually called among themselves "Pagadianons".
The iconic symbol of Pagadian is its uniquely designed tricycle built to adopt to the city's hilly terrain. It is the only place in the Philippines with a public transport inclined at about 25-40° angle.<ref>[http://tourism-philippines.com/pagadian-city/ Tourism Philippines] (retrieved: July 17, 2012)</ref><ref>[http://journeyingjames.com/2011/05/pagadian-adventures-inclined-tricycles-of-pagadian-city/ The Inclined Tricycles of Pagadian City] (retrieved: July 17, 2012)</ref><ref>[http://mypagadian.com/ My Pagadian.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228154000/http://mypagadian.com/ |date=February 28, 2009 }}(retrieved: March 31, 2009)</ref> In recent years, these iconic inclined public transport have been slowly being replaced by modernized tricycles that are locally called "bao-bao", a kind of [[auto rickshaw]], due to the latter's fuel-efficiency, less noise and being environment-friendly due to its smoke-less emissions.
==Etymology==
The name "Pagadian" originates from a [[Subanen language|Subanen]] corruption of the [[Iranun language|Iranun]] or [[Maguindanao language|Maguindanao]] term {{lang|mdh|padian}}, meaning "marketplace" (compare with [[Parián]]). The modern city of Pagadian was founded on the ''[[sitio]]'' of Talapukan, which in turn meant "a place where [[Spring (hydrology)|spring]]s abound."<ref name=symbols>{{cite book |title=Symbols of The State Republic of The Philippines |date=1975 |publisher=Bureau of Local Government, Republic of the Philippines |page=118 |url=https://archive.org/details/SymbolsOfTheStateRepublicOfThePhilippines/page/n129/mode/2up}}</ref>
== History ==
===Subanons (Early Historic Era) ===
{{main|Subanon people}}
The first known settlers in Pagadian were the [[Subanen people]] who established a coastal fishing and trading village.<ref name=symbols/><ref name="Hapalla2002">Hapalla JGH. An introduction to Subanen culture. Culture and peace studies. Ateneo de Zamboanga University. 2002;2(1):1–11.</ref> The settlers in what would later become Pagadian referred to themselves as "''getaw Belengasa''," or "from around the Balangasan River" to distinguish themselves from the nearby Subanen populations who were "''getaw Dumenghilas''" (from around the Dumangkilas River and Bay), "''getaw Sibuguey''" (from around the Sibuguey River and Bay), or "''getaw Thebed''" (from around the river of Thebed in Labangan).<ref name="Hapalla2002"/>
===Sultanate of Maguindanao ===
In the early 17th century, the coastal regions of [[Zamboanga del Sur]] (including Pagadian) were annexed by the [[Sultanate of Maguindanao]] under [[Muhammad Kudarat]], leading to an influx of [[Maguindanao people|Maguindanao]] and [[Iranun people|Iranun]] settlers.<ref name=symbols/>
Pagadian came under the local rule of Sultan Datu Akob, an Iranun [[datu]] whose daughter caught the fancy of Datu Macaumbang (Sultan of Taga Nonok), also an Iranun from Malabang, Tukuran that is now part of Pagadian. He was the son of Sharif Apo Tubo who descended from the bloodline of [[Sharif Kabungsuan]], the first Sultan of the [[Maguindanao Sultanate]]. With the approval of Sultan Datu Akob, Datu Macaumbang married Bai Putri Panyawan Akob, the beautiful daughter of the Sultan of Pagadian and Royal Bai Putri of Raya.<ref name="The Iranon Tribe Blogspot">[https://iranunnation.blogspot.com/2009/03/history-of-pagadian-city.html The Iranon Tribe Blogspot] (retrieved: March 29, 2009)</ref>
Upon the death of Datu Akob also known as Datu Mimbalawag, his son-in-law, Datu Macaumbang (Sultan of Taga Nonok) assumed leadership; he established the territorial boundaries of the present city proper, from Balangasan River in the west of Tawagan Sur River in the east. Beyond the river of Tawagan Sur was the territory of Datu Balimbingan. At one time, Datu Macaumbang requested the assistance of the [[Philippine Constabulary]] due to the rampant banditry and piracy in the area. A detachment led by Col. Tiburcio Ballesteros stationed at Malangas landed at the place and stationed themselves at Dumagoc Island. The arrival of the soldiers restored peace and order, thereby attracting the influx of settlers from other places.<ref name="The Iranon Tribe Blogspot"/>
===Christian settlement===
{{See also|Roman Catholic Diocese of Pagadian}}
The Spanish started sending [[Jesuit]] missionaries to Pagadian in 1642 in an attempt to Christianize the natives. But they had to abandon their mission in 1644 due to repeated Muslim raids.<ref name=symbols/>
A group of Christian settlers arrived in 1927, led by Mariano Cabrera. On March 23, 1937, the town of Pagadian was established by the Executive Order No. 77 of President [[Manuel L. Quezon]]. Though using the original Subanen name, the town proper was established in the Muslim ''[[sitio]]'' of Talapukan.<ref name=symbols/>
The increasing Christian population prompted the creation of the Parish of Pagadian in 1938 and was administered by the Jesuits, Colombian and Filipino priests. Most of the settlers came from Cebu as evident on the veneration of the [[Santo Niño de Cebú]]. The original Santo Niño Church of Pagadian was right across the city plaza, on the site of the current San Jose Parish church. The present Santo Niño Cathedral is now located in San Francisco District and was built in 1968.<ref name=symbols/><ref name="Pagdiocese">{{cite web |url=http://pagadian.com/Diocese.htm |title=History of the Diocese of Pagadian - translated from Cebuano |access-date=April 26, 2009 |publisher=Pagadian.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528144336/http://pagadian.com/Diocese.htm |archive-date=May 28, 2009 }}</ref>
Pagadian Parish became a diocese on November 2, 1971, and is a suffragan of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ozamiz|Archdiocese of Ozamis]]. Msgr. Jesus B. Tuquib served as the first bishop and was installed on February 24, 1973.<ref name="Pagdiocese"/> At that time, the [[Missionary Society of St. Columban|Columban Fathers]] took care of the apostolic services for the first 13 parishes in the newly formed diocese.
As of 2008, the Diocese of Pagadian had 24 parishes.<ref name="Ucan pagdiocese">{{cite web|url=http://www.ucanews.com/../dps-pr_pagadian.php|title=Ucan Diocesan Profiles|publisher=UCA News|date=April 22, 2009 |access-date=July 11, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
===Under Margosatubig (1920s) ===
The present-day Pagadian had its beginnings as a [[sitio]] of [[Margosatubig]]. In July 1927, it became a barrio under the Municipal District of [[Labangan]], Zamboanga del Sur upon the implementation of Executive Order no.70.<ref>Labangan Teachers, p69. (retrieved: March 29, 2009)</ref>
===Prewar Era (1930s) ===
[[File:Pajares Avenue 1953.jpg|thumb|left|F.S Pajares Avenue Circa 1953]]
The transfer the seat of the Labangan Government to Pagadian was made in 1934 through the efforts of Director Teofisto Guingona, Sr. who was commissioned by [[Leonard Wood|Philippine Governor-General Leonard Wood]] to find out the possibility of transferring the seat of government of the Labangan municipality to another place. A conference was first held, together with the Datus and the early Christian settlers as the idea of the transfer was at first largely opposed by the Christians. Eventually, a consensus was reached when the designated committee led by Datu Balimbingan of Labangan and with the consent of Datu Macaumbang surveyed the western part of the present area and found ''Talpokan'', a part of the barrio of Pagadian, deemed as a suitable place for such transfer. At the same time, Datu Macaumbang donated 260 hectares of land to Christians who were willing to transfer to the area.<ref>[http://www.1stphilippines.com/pc-1d2a9c479f8657c9826df8f6969d306c.html 1stphilippines.com - Pagadian History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222012153/http://www.1stphilippines.com/pc-1d2a9c479f8657c9826df8f6969d306c.html |date=February 22, 2009 }} (retrieved: March 29, 2009)</ref>
On March 23, 1937, Pagadian became a municipality through Executive Order 77 due to the eager initiative of then Assemblyman Juan S. Alano, with the Jose Sanson appointed as acting mayor. Norberto Bana Sr. was elected as the first officially elected municipal mayor after the regular elections. The Municipality of Pagadian was formed by merging the municipal districts of [[Labangan]] and [[Dinas, Zamboanga del Sur|Dinas]],<ref>History of Zamboanga del Sur, p37-38 (retrieved: March 29, 2009)</ref> as a result, making Labangan a district under its former barrio. The newly created town had 19 barangays or districts.<ref>History of Zamboanga del Sur, p38 (retrieved: March 29, 2009)</ref> In 1950, the barrios of Dinas, Legarda, Mirapao, Migpulao, Kalipapa, Pisaan, Bubway, Tiniguangan, Tabina, and Dimataling, which were under the Municipality of Pagadian, were incorporated into the newly created town of [[Dimataling, Zamboanga del Sur|Dimataling]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lawph.com/statutes/ra555.html |title=An act to create the municipality of Dimataling in the province of Zamboanga |publisher=LawPH.com |access-date=April 9, 2011|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712215215/http://lawph.com/statutes/ra555.html |archive-date=July 12, 2012 }}</ref> In the same manner, the barrios of Dumalinao Proper, Begong, Nilo, Tigbao, Ticwas, Balongating, Baguitan, Pantad, Napolan, Tagulo, Camanga, Maragang, Sibucao, Tina, Guling, Miculong, Baga, Rebucon, and Mambilik were constituted into [[Dumalinao, Zamboanga del Sur|Dumalinao]] in 1956.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lawph.com/statutes/ra1593.html |title=An Act Creating Municipality of Dumalinao in the Province of Zamboanga Del Sur |publisher=LawPH.com |access-date=April 12, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710083210/http://lawph.com/statutes/ra1593.html |archive-date=July 10, 2012 }}</ref>
=== During World War II ===
{{main|Battle of Mindanao}}
Pagadian was occupied by Japanese troops during [[World War II]]. From November 5 to 20, 1944, the combined American and Filipino troops attempted to take the town from the Japanese. Sixteen Japanese soldiers were killed, but they remained in possession of Pagadian.<ref name="Kent Holmes 2015 p. 116">Kent Holmes, ''Wendell Fertig and His Guerrilla Forces in the Philippines: Fighting the Japanese Occupation'' (Jefferson, N.C.: 2015), p. 116</ref>
The establishment of the general headquarters of the [[Philippine Commonwealth Army]] and the [[Philippine Constabulary]] were stationed in Pagadian and active from November 21, 1944, to June 30, 1946, during and in the aftermath of [[World War II]], including the military operations and engagements against the Japanese and liberated areas in [[Mindanao]] from November 21, 1944, to August 15, 1945.<ref name="Kent Holmes 2015 p. 116" />
=== 1950s to the 1970s and the Martial Law Years ===
{{main|Moro conflict|Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship}}
On June 6, 1952, Congressman Roseller T. Lim authored R.A. 711 dividing Zamboanga into two provinces - ''Norte'' (north) and ''Sur'' (south) then three months after, on September 17, 1952, it became the capital town of the newly established province of Zamboanga del Sur. Pagadian became a chartered city through R.A. 5478 on June 21, 1969, becoming the third city in the [[Zamboanga Peninsula]].
On August 16, 1976, the city was one of the hardest hit areas in the [[1976 Moro Gulf Earthquake|Moro Gulf earthquake and tsunami]] of 1976, considered as the most devastating tsunami in the Philippines in recent times.<ref name="tsunami1976">{{cite web|url=http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami1976Phillipines.html|title=The Philippine Tsunami of 1976|access-date=April 26, 2009|publisher=www.drgeorgepc.com}}</ref> Pagadian was the major city in the area that was struck by both the earthquake and tsunami and sustained the greatest number of casualties.<ref name="tsunami1976" /><ref>[http://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_SOEPD/Earthquake/1976MoroGulfEQ/index-moro.html Phivolcs Report, Earthquake of 1976] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427132335/http://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_SOEPD/Earthquake/1976MoroGulfEQ/index-moro.html |date=April 27, 2011 }}(retrieved: March 31, 2009)</ref>
The 1970s brought a period of numerous concurrent conflicts on the island of Mindanao, including Pagadian and Zamboanga del Sur.<ref name="MiclatinArguillas">{{Cite book |last=Miclat |first=Gus |title=Turning rage into courage : Mindanao under martial law |date=2002 |publisher=MindaNews Publications, Mindanao News and Information Cooperative Center |editor-last=Arguillas |editor-first=Carolyn O. |chapter=Our lives were never the same again |oclc=644320116}}</ref><ref name=Case>[http://manoa.hawaii.edu/ccpv/assets/docs/CCPV%20-%20The%20Bangsamoro%20Struggle%20for%20Self-Determination%20-%20A%20Case%20Study%20-%20By%20Caecilia%20Noble.pdf The Bangsamoro Struggle for Self-Determintation: A Case Study]</ref><ref name="MackerrasMackerras2003">{{cite book|author1=Colin Mackerras|author2=Foundation Professor in the School of Asian and International Studies Colin Mackerras|title=Ethnicity in Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mi6DAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|date=2 September 2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-51517-2|pages=143–}}</ref><ref name="Rodis">{{Cite web|last=Rodis|first=Rodel|date=2015-01-30|title=Remembering the First Quarter Storm|url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/118130/remembering-the-first-quarter-storm|access-date=2020-09-15|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref> This included land dispute conflicts arising from the influx of settlers from Luzon and the Visayas,<ref>See "History of the Philippines: From Indios Bravos to Filipinos" By Luis H. Francia|[https://books.google.com/books?id=NwQoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT202] Link to page in the referenced book</ref><ref>For an in-depth survey of indigenous peoples and forced land seizures in the Philippines, see [https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/indigenous-peoples-ancestral-lands-and-human-rights] Cultural Survival Quarterly.</ref> and from the [[Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos administration]]’s encouragement of militia groups such as the [[Ilaga]].<ref name=Case/><ref name="MackerrasMackerras2003"/> News of the 1968 [[Jabidah massacre]] ignited a furor in the Moro community, and ethnic tensions encouraged with the formation of secessionist movements.<ref>{{Cite book|last=George, T. J. S.|title=Revolt in Mindanao : the rise of Islam in Philippine politics|year=1980|isbn=0-19-580429-5|___location=Kuala Lumpur|oclc=6569089}}</ref><ref name="MackerrasMackerras2003"/> Additionally, an economic crisis in late 1969, violent crackdowns on student protests in 1970, and 1971, and eventually the declaration of Martial Law all led to the radicalization of many students.<ref name="Rodis"/> Many of them left schools in Manila and joined [[New People's Army]] units in their home provinces, bringing the [[Communist rebellion in the Philippines|Marxist-Leninist Maoist armed conflict]] to Mindanao for the first time.<ref name="MiclatinArguillas" />
The September 1972 declaration of Martial Law began a 14-year period historically remembered for [[Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship|its human rights abuses]],<ref name="McCoy199909202">{{cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html|title=Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime|date=September 20, 1999|publisher=[[Ateneo de Manila University]]}}</ref><ref name="Abinales&Amoroso20052">{{Cite book|title=State and society in the Philippines|last1=Abinales|first1=P.N.|last2=Amoroso|first2=Donna J.|date=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-0742510234|___location=Lanham, MD|oclc=57452454}}</ref> often involving the warrantless detention, murder, and physical, sexual, or mental torture<ref name="KatePedroso20140921">{{cite news|last1=Pedroso|first1=Kate|title='San Juanico Bridge,' other tortures detailed|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/639646/san-juanico-bridge-other-tortures-detailed|publisher=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=September 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Agoncillo|first1=Teodoro|title=History of the Filipino People|year=1990|publisher=C & E Publishing|___location=Quezon City|edition=8th}}</ref><ref name="Robles2016">{{Cite book |url=https://www.facebook.com/MarcosMartialLawNeverAgain/ |title=Marcos Martial Law: Never Again |last=Robles |first=Raissa |date=2016 |publisher=Filipinos for a Better Philippines, Inc. |isbn=978-621-95443-1-3 |___location=[[Quezon City]]}}</ref> of political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/182828-marcos-dictatorship-martial-law-youth-leaders-killed|title=Gone too soon: 7 youth leaders killed under Martial Law|work=Rappler|access-date=June 15, 2018|language=en}}</ref> In Zamboanga del Sur, these were often attributed to [[Integrated Civilian Home Defense Forces|military-endorsed militias]], which included the Ilaga and a number of armed cult groups, which were used to enhance the military's numbers as it fought various resistance movements.<ref>{{cite web | last=Rachman | first=Arpan | title=Private Armed Militias Worsen Impunity | url=https://www.seapa.org/private-armed-militias-worsen-impunity/ | date =2 December 2014 | accessdate =11 May 2016 | archive-date =October 25, 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20211025095838/https://www.seapa.org/private-armed-militias-worsen-impunity/ | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref name="hrw">{{cite book | title = The Philippines: Violations of the Laws of War by Both Sides | publisher = [[Human Rights Watch]] | year = 1990 | isbn = 0929692527 | url = https://archive.org/details/philippinesviola00huma | url-access = registration | page = [https://archive.org/details/philippinesviola00huma/page/41 41] | quote = Civilian Home Defense Forces. }}</ref> Within Pagadian itself, documented human rights violations directly associated with the [[Philippine Constabulary]] included the killing of political prisoners at the Pagadian City Jail,<ref name="Amnesty1981">{{Cite report |url=https://www.amnesty.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/asa350251982en.pdf |title=Report of an Amnesty International Mission to the Republic of the Philippines, 11 – 28 Nov 1981 |date=November 28, 1981 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref>{{rp|page=94}} while incidents of violence associated with the militias and armed cult groups included violence during the leadup to the [[1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum]],<ref name="Amnesty1981" />{{rp|page=45}} and the killing of civilians at checkpoints,<ref name="Amnesty1981" />{{rp|page=45}}<ref name="BantayogProfileOlivar">{{cite web | url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/mateo-olivar/ | title=Mateo Olivar - Bantayog ng mga Bayani | date=June 20, 2023 }}</ref> including that of Catholic church worker [[Mateo Olivar]] at a checkpoint in Barangay Labangan, sparking local outrage in the Pagadian parish. Olivar would eventually be honored as a martyr of the resistance against the dictatorship at the [[Bantayog ng mga Bayani]] memorial.<ref name="BantayogProfileOlivar" />
===Growth as a City (late 1980s-present) ===
[[File:F.S Pajares Avenue December 312024.jpg|thumb|F.S Pajares Avenue 2024]]
{{main|Cities of the Philippines}}
In the 1980s, mayor Benjamin Arao initiated a layout for the city's future expansion by proposing a North Diversion Road of which a part would connect to F.S. Pajares Avenue, one of the city's two major roads via a Rotunda that overlooks the greater [[Illana Bay]] and the [[Moro Gulf]] beyond.
==== Designation as regional center for Region IX ====
In October 1990 President [[Corazon Aquino]] issued Executive Order 429 that designated Pagadian as the Regional Center for Region - IX (Zamboanga Peninsula).<ref name="Philippines Law Online">[http://www.lawphil.net/executive/execord/eo1990/eo_429_1990.html Philippines Law Online] (retrieved: March 16, 2009)</ref> But it was not until November 12, 2004 that Pagadian officially became the Regional Center due in part to the opposition of [[Zamboanga City]], the former regional center, which delayed the process of the transfer.
====Highly urbanized city====
Proclamation No. 1247 was signed by President [[Rodrigo Duterte]] on December 8, 2021, which sought to convert Pagadian into a highly urbanized city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CONVERSION OF THE CITY OF PAGADIAN, ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR INTO A HIGHLY-URBANIZED CITY |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2021/11nov/20211108-PROC-1247-RRD.pdf |access-date=July 5, 2023 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref>
{{clear}}
== Geography ==
[[File:Pagadian Dao, FS Fajares Avenue (Pagadian, Zamboanga Del Sur; 10-13-2023).jpg|thumb|Pagadian City view from the Rotonda]]
Pagadian is on the northeastern side of the Western Mindanao region, bordering on [[Illana Bay]]. It is bounded by the municipalities of [[Tigbao, Zamboanga del Sur|Tigbao]] and [[Dumalinao]] on the southwest, [[Lakewood, Zamboanga del Sur|Lakewood]] on the west, [[Labangan]] on the east and northwest, and [[Midsalip]] on the north.
About 45% of the total city area is steeply sloping terrain of hills and mountains on the northwestern portion that covers an estimated 15,090 hectares. Mt. Sugarloaf (1,376 m.), [[Mount Pinukis|Mt. Pinukis]] (1,213 m.), and Mt. Palpalan (650 m.) are the three notable mountain peaks. Areas in the direct north and central part, have gentle to moderate slopes, making up 47% of the total. The remaining 8% is level or nearly level which makes up most of the eastern and the southern parts of the city. The urban area covers about 845.48 hectares. Elevation of the urban area of the city ranges from 1 MSL ''([[mean sea level]])'' near Pagadian Bay to about 100 MSL in the area of Barangay San Jose.
The Tiguma, Bulatoc, Gatas, and Balangasan Rivers, drain to Pagadian Bay and serve as natural drainage. Due to its topography, most of the city's 54 barangays do not experience flooding. The low-lying southern and eastern part of the city occasionally experience [[flooding]], especially during heavy rains.
=== Climate ===
{{Weather box
| ___location = Pagadian
| width = auto
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 31
| Jan low C = 21
| Feb high C = 31
| Feb low C = 21
| Mar high C = 32
| Mar low C = 22
| Apr high C = 32
| Apr low C = 23
| May high C = 30
| May low C = 24
| Jun high C = 29
| Jun low C = 24
| Jul high C = 29
| Jul low C = 24
| Aug high C = 29
| Aug low C = 24
| Sep high C = 29
| Sep low C = 24
| Oct high C = 29
| Oct low C = 24
| Nov high C = 30
| Nov low C = 23
| Dec high C = 30
| Dec low C = 22
| Jan precipitation mm = 22
| Feb precipitation mm = 18
| Mar precipitation mm = 23
| Apr precipitation mm = 24
| May precipitation mm = 67
| Jun precipitation mm = 120
| Jul precipitation mm = 132
| Aug precipitation mm = 156
| Sep precipitation mm = 119
| Oct precipitation mm = 124
| Nov precipitation mm = 54
| Dec precipitation mm = 24
| Jan rain days = 9.4
| Feb rain days = 9.1
| Mar rain days = 11.5
| Apr rain days = 11.9
| May rain days = 20.1
| Jun rain days = 22.5
| Jul rain days = 22.4
| Aug rain days = 23.2
| Sep rain days = 21.5
| Oct rain days = 22.2
| Nov rain days = 15.7
| Dec rain days = 11.5
| source 1 = Meteoblue<ref name="met_norms">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/pagadian_philippines_1696710
| title = Pagadian: Average Temperatures and Rainfall
| publisher = Meteoblue
| access-date = May 1, 2020 }}</ref>
| date = May 1, 2020
}}
Located within the tropics of the northern hemisphere, Pagadian has a pronounced dry season from January to March and rainy season from April to December. The area is generally not affected by [[tropical storms]] and [[typhoons]] as it is located outside the Philippine Typhoon Belt. Temperature ranges from {{convert|22.2|to|32.9|C}}. The prevailing winds are the southwest wind that blow from over the sea during dry seasons going northeast, and the trade winds brought from the mountain ranges. Rainfall distribution is moderate from {{convert|2500|to|3000|mm}} annually.
===Barangays===
Pagadian is politically subdivided into 54 [[barangay]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC): City of Pagadian |url=https://psa.gov.ph/classification/psgc/barangays/0907322000 |website=psa.gov.ph |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority |access-date=13 August 2025 |date=30 June 2025}}</ref> Each barangay consists of [[purok]]s while some have [[sitios]].
Currently, there are 19 barangays which classified as urban (highlighted in '''bold''') and the rest as rural.{{PSGC detail|area}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* Alegria
* '''Balangasan (poblacion)'''
* '''Balintawak'''
* Baloyboan
* '''Banale'''
* Bogo
* Bomba
* '''Buenavista'''
* Bulatok
* Bulawan
* Dampalan
* Danlugan
* '''Dao'''
* Datagan
* Deborok
* Ditoray
* '''Dumagoc'''
* '''Gatas (poblacion)'''
* Gubac
* Gubang
* Kagawasan
* Kahayagan
* Kalasan
* '''Kawit'''
* La Suerte
* Lala
* Lapidian
* Lenienza
* Lison Valley
* Lourdes
* Lower Sibatang
* Lumad
* '''Lumbia'''
* Macasing
* Manga
* Muricay
* '''Napolan'''
* Palpalan
* Pedulonan
* Poloyagan
* '''San Francisco (poblacion)'''
* '''San Jose (poblacion)'''
* '''San Pedro (poblacion)'''
* '''Santa Lucia (poblacion)'''
* '''Santa Maria'''
* '''Santiago (poblacion)'''
* '''Santo Niño (poblacion)'''
* Tawagan Sur
* '''Tiguma'''
* '''Tuburan (poblacion)'''
* Tulangan
* Tulawas
* Upper Sibatang
* White Beach
{{div col end}}
==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census
| align= none
| cols = 2
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| 1903 =
| 1918 =
| 1939 = {{PH census population|1939}}
| 1948 = {{PH census population|1948}}
| 1960 = {{PH census population|1960}}
| 1970 = {{PH census population|1970}}
| 1975 = {{PH census population|1975}}
| 1980 = {{PH census population|1980}}
| 1990 = {{PH census population|1990}}
| 1995 = {{PH census population|1995}}
| 2000 = {{PH census population|2000}}
| 2007 = {{PH census population|2007}}
| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}
| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}
| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}
| 2024 = {{PH census population|2024}}
| 2030 =
| footnote= Source: [[Philippine Statistics Authority]]{{PH wikidata|population_reference}}{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}{{LWUA population data}}
}}
The people of Pagadian (Pagadianons) are classified into three main groups which is based primarily on faith and heritage: (a) the Subanens (or any other [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous tribes]] who had been living in the area before the advent of Islam in Mindanao), (b) the [[Muslims|Muslim]] settlers who came from other parts of Mindanao and other places such as [[Sabah]] and [[Indonesia]], and (c) the [[Christians|Christian]] settlers who generally came from the [[Visayas]] and [[Luzon]].
The majority of Pagadianons speak the [[Cebuano language]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pagadian.org/bisaya.htm |title=Cebuano, Hiligaynon, ilonggo, Aklanon, Capiznon, Kinaray-a, Bantoanon, Romblomanon, Cuyonon, Waray, Surigaonon, Butuanon, Tausog, dialect, cebuano, bisayans, visayans, bisaya, bisaya, bisdak, bisayang dako, bisaya, binisaya, bisaya, language |publisher=Pagadian.org |date=March 27, 2009 |access-date=March 23, 2022}}</ref> The national language, [[Filipino language|Filipino]] ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]) is widely understood and is the native tongue of a small percentage of the population. [[Maguindanao people|Maguindanaon]], [[iranun people|Iranun]], [[Maranao people|Maranao]], [[Tausūg people|Tausug]], and [[Sama-Bajau|Samal]] languages are used by the Muslim community. The [[Subanon language|Subanen]] dialect is exclusively used by the Subanen people, the original inhabitants of the area. Remaining percentage of the population are classified as [[Hiligaynon people|Hiligaynon]] and [[Zamboangueño people|Zamboangueño]] speakers. As with the rest of the Philippines, English is widely understood and is used as the primary language for business.
== Economy ==
[[File:Pagadian Agora.JPG|thumb|Pagadian City Agora Public Market]]
[[File:Home town pics 020.jpg|thumb|Boats along the Pagadian fishport]]
Pagadian posted an average annual regular income of P662,511,106.21 from fiscal year 2009 to 2016, thus classifying it as a 1st class [[Component city of the Philippines|component city]] in the Philippines. As of 2023, it is the 7th wealthiest city in Mindanao with a total asset of P5.568 Billion.<ref>[https://youtube.com/@VISAYASTOP/ Top 10 Wealthiest Cities in Mindanao 2023] (retrieved: July 29, 2023)</ref>
The city has an increasing number of businesses in the service sector mainly due to the transfer of the regional offices from Zamboanga City resulting to an influx of visitors from other towns and cities in the Zamboanga Peninsula. This is evident on the bullish construction in the city. Some malls already had made their presence but the most prominent is the city-owned mall, [[City Commercial Center]] or C3 Mall, which was built in 2011. However, [[agriculture]] is still considered the primary economic resource with the production of rice, corn, coconut, fruit, root crops and animal husbandry. Special funding-assistance programs by the government are made available for local farmers; the ''City Livelihood Development Assistance Program'' (CILDAP) extends loans to those who need financial assistance for their livelihood.
Production of raw materials like seaweeds, coco processing, cassava constitute a large part of the local economy; small-scale manufacturing of furniture and decors made out of wood, bamboo, rattan, steel and plastic; handicrafts made out of bamboo, rattan, coco shell, wood, marine shell, ceramics, and weaving.
Pagadian Bay and the outer [[Illana Bay]] (Iranun Bay) abound with a wide variety of marine products; seaweed culture farming is flourishing in waters off the bay while fishponds near or along the bay yields milkfish, prawns and crabs. A number of large deep-sea fishing vessels that venture into the [[Sulu Sea]] and as far as the [[South China Sea]] make Pagadian fishport their base of operation. Because of this, the city is also one of the major suppliers of dried fish and other kinds of seafood in the region.
Another income-generating industry is mining in an area located 1.5 km southeast of Barangay Lison Valley proper approximately forty-nine kilometers from the city proper which yields gold, copper and [[molybdenum]].
==Culture==
=== Festivals ===
The City Fiesta is celebrated every third Sunday of January in honor of its patron saint, the Holy Child Jesus (''Santo Niño'') which coincides with the feastday of [[Cebu City]]. It is officially called the ''Pasalamat Festival'' highlighted with a fluvial parade (''regatta''), trade exhibits, the ''Mutya ng Pagadian'' beauty pageant, carnival shows and a civic military parade. On every June 21, the ''Araw ng Pagadian'' is celebrated in commemoration of its founding as a chartered city; as Capital of Zamboanga del Sur, the city hosts the annual provincial celebration in September with agro-trade exhibits, a civic-military parade, cultural presentations and sports competitions.
The Megayon Festival is a week-long celebration that coincides with the Zamboanga del Sur anniversary in September. It honors the tri-people settlers: the [[Subanon people|Subanens]], Bangsamoro Muslims and [[Christians]].<ref>[http://www.unsapa.com/news-bits/zambo-sur-to-celebrate-55th-founding-year.html Unsapa.com - ZamboSur Anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120154418/http://www.unsapa.com/news-bits/zambo-sur-to-celebrate-55th-founding-year.html |date=November 20, 2008 }} (retrieved: April 26, 2009)</ref> "''Megayon''" is a [[Subanon language|Subanen]] word which means "Unity and Solidarity". The festival is a showcase of three distinctly different cultural heritage in songs, dances, rituals of peace, foods and crafts, to foster unity and understanding among the three cultures. Environment-related activities, peace and development forum, and indigenous sports competitions<ref>[http://www.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&fi=p060914.htm&no=49 PIA - Zamboanga del Sur] (retrieved: April 26, 2009)</ref> are being held.
Pagadian City also officially celebrates the [[Chinese New Year]]. It honors the local Chinese community.
==Tourism==
[[File:Rotunda View deck tower. Photo taken- February 25, 2024.jpg|thumb|Pagadian City Rotunda View Deck Tower]]
[[File:Pagadian Dancing Fountain.JPG|thumb|Musical Dancing Fountain in Plaza Luz, Pagadian City]]
The '''Pagadian Rotunda''' is a roundabout and circular park that overlooks [[Illana Bay]] where the North Diversion Road and F.S. Pajares Avenue converges, two of the three major roads in the city center (the third one being Rizal Avenue).
'''Plaza Luz''' is a park located across Pagadian City Hall. The park has a musical dancing fountain that is usually turned on at 6:00 in the evening.
'''Dao Dao Islands'''. The name is shared by two islands within Illana Bay; thus the addition of ''Dako'' (big) and ''Gamay'' (small) to the names of the islands for simple distinction. "Dao Dao Dako" is the bigger island which is about a hectare and is about 7 to 10‑minute ride by motorboat from the seaport. It has artificial coral reefs made of old tires. "Dao Dao Gamay" is technically not an island, but a sandbar that partially submerges during high tide.
'''''{{Not a typo|Puting}} Balas''''' is the literal translation for "white sand" in the local dialect. It is classified as a white [[sandbar]]. A number of caves and waterfalls can also be found in remote barangays of the city.
'''The Provincial Government Complex''' is the civic, sports and cultural center of the Province of Zamboanga del Sur of which Pagadian is the capital. A standard-sized oval track and field, standard-sized swimming pools and buildings for indoor/outdoor sports as well as a cultural village and the Unity Park, a monument to the Tri-people group (the Lumads/pre-Islamic [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous tribes]], Moslems and Christians) who settled in Pagadian, are located there.
==Government==
[[File:Pagadian City Hall 2024.jpg|thumb|Pagadian City Hall, 2024]]
The city is governed by the City Mayor. The local ''Sangguniang Panglungsod'' (City Legislative Council) is presided by the City Vice Mayor with ten elected councilors, and two ex-officio members from the [[Sangguniang Kabataan]] (Youth Council) and Association of Barangay Captains (ABC) respectively, as members of the council. The city mayor, vice mayor, and councilors are popularly elected to serve a three-year term.
Pagadian is also the seat of the [[Zamboanga del Sur|Provincial Government of Zamboanga del Sur]].
Elected officials for the 2025–2028 term are:
{|class=wikitable
|+ Members of the Pagadian City Council (2019–2022)
|-
!Position !!Name !!colspan=2|Party
|-
| '''Representative'''
| [[Joseph C. Yu]]
| {{party name with colour|Lakas-CMD}}
|-
| '''Mayor'''
| [[Samuel S. Co]]
| {{party name with colour|Lakas-CMD}}
|-
| '''Vice Mayor'''
| Aiko Yu To
| {{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|-
| rowspan=10| '''Councilors'''
| Roger L. Acedillo
| {{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|-
| Jackielyn Krystyl N. Bana
| {{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|-
| Patrisha Kaye "Kai-Kai" N. Asugas
| {{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|-
| Dr. Ariel J. Lim Jr.
| {{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|-
| Ma. Alicia Elena "Allen" V. Ariosa
| {{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|-
| Ann Marjorie N. Revelo
| {{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|-
| Maphilindo "Mapi" Q. Obaob
| {{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|-
| Lance Samuel F. Co
| {{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|-
| Bienvinido "Bien" C. Culve
| {{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|-
| Ronald Christopher Glenn "Jigger" L. Ariosa
| {{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|}
==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[File:Pagadian tricycle.jpg|thumb|The Pagadian Inclined Tricycle]]
[[File:Pagadian Airport front.JPG|thumb|[[Pagadian Airport]] Terminal facade, 2012]]
[[Auto rickshaw|Tricycles]] or Bao-Bao is the primary public transport in the urban center while [[jeepneys]] ply the city's rural barangays. Private vehicles comprises the largest percentage of the traffic. Buses, minibuses, and jeepneys are the modes of transportation for transients bound for the neighboring municipalities and other parts of Zamboanga del Sur. These short-travel transports also serve the bus terminal which is located downtown.
{{See also|Pagadian Airport}}
'''Airport'''. The city is served by a ''Principal Airport Class 1'' (or ''major domestic''). It is located in Barangay Muricay, approximately five kilometers from the city proper.<ref>[http://www.caap.gov.ph/web/airports.htm# CAAP Official Website – About Us<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030171053/http://www.caap.gov.ph/web/airports.htm |date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> The airport serves as the only air portal in the [[Zamboanga del Sur|Province of Zamboanga del Sur]] with direct flights to and from [[Manila City|Manila]] and [[Cebu City|Cebu]].
'''Seaport'''. The port of Pagadian City is served by shipping lines operating for both passenger and cargo vessels. Ports of call include [[Zamboanga City]], [[Jolo, Sulu|Jolo]] and [[Siasi]] in [[Sulu]], [[Bongao]] and [[Sitangkai]] in [[Tawi-tawi]], and [[Cotabato City]].
'''Integrated Bus Terminal (IBT-Main)'''. Served by two major bus companies and several other smaller Public Utility Vehicles(PUVs), i.e. vans, the terminal sits atop the hill as the station for both Eastbound and Westbound transport, particularly for public transports bound for Zamboanga City, Butuan, Ozamiz City, Dipolog,
Cotabato City, Kidapawan City, Digos City, Davao CitY, Tacurong City, Koronadal City, and General Santos City.
'''Integrated Bus Terminal (Annex Palacio)''', Served by several mini bus companies and other smaller PUVs, the terminal sits in urban Sta. Lucia District, as the station for both Eastbound and Westbound transport, particularly for public transport bound for neighboring towns especially in the Baganian Peninsula area.
=== Utilities ===
;Telecommunications: [[Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company|Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT)]] and Cruztelco are the two major telecommunications providers. A project under the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC), the Pagadian City Telephone Exchange (PACITELEX) serves the far-flung barangays that other telephone companies are not yet able to give service. Various cellular phone service providers in the country serve the city.
;Water and Power Supply: Pagadian City Water District (PCWD or PAWAD) provides the city with potable water supply. Formed in 1976, PCWD has over 14,000 active service connections and sources its water from deep wells and springs.<ref>[http://www.lwua.gov.ph/wd_features_08/pagadian_million_trees.htm Local Water Utilities Administration Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106160753/http://www.lwua.gov.ph/wd_features_08/pagadian_million_trees.htm |date=January 6, 2009 }}(retrieved: March 28, 2009)</ref>
;Electricity: Electricity is supplied by the Zamboanga del Sur I Electric Cooperative, Incorporated (ZAMSURECO I) from the National Power Corporation Hydro-Electric Plant in [[Iligan City]], sourced from the [[Maria Cristina Falls]]. About 77.70% or 42 out of 54 total barangays in the entire city have 24-hour supply of electricity.
==Education==
Educational institutions in Pagadian
High School:
* Pagadian Junior College Incorporated (PJCI) (Junior and Senior High)
* [[Pagadian Montessori Center Incorporated]] (PMCI) (Junior and Senior High)
* Pagadian City Chamber School
* Pagadian City Science High School
* Pagadian Golden School Learning Center
* Pagadian City Salvation and Praise Learning Center (PCSPLC)
* Pagadian City Pilot School
* [[Zamboanga del Sur National High School]]
* [[Holy Child Academy]]
College:
{{Div col}}
* [[Medina College-Pagadian]]
* [[Saint Columban College]]
* [[Southern Mindanao Colleges]]
* [[Western Mindanao State University ]]- External Studies Unit
* [[Universidad de Zamboanga]] - Pagadian Campus
* Pagadian Capitol College
* Eastern Mindanao College of Technology
* Zoom Vocational & Technical School
* West Prime Horizon Institute (SHS & College)
* Our Lady of Triumph Institute of Technology (OLT)
* Yllana Bay View College
* Pagadian City International College (PCIC)
* Zamboanga del Sur, Pagadian Capitol College
* [[J.H. Cerilles State College]] (JHCSC)
* Southeast Asian Institute Pagadian City Campus
* Lucan Review Colleges
* Pagadian International College of Philsouth Inc. (Senior HS. and College)
{{Div col end}}
==Media==
===AM radio stations===
*DXPR 603 RMN Pagadian ([[Radio Mindanao Network]])
*[[DXBZ-AM|DXBZ 756 Radyo Bagting]] (Baganian Broadcasting Corporation)
*[[DXKP|DXKP 1377 Radyo Ronda]] ([[Radio Philippines Network]])
===FM radio stations===
{{Div col}}
*[[DXKV|91.1 Voice Radio]] (Kaissar Broadcasting Network)
*[[DXMD-FM|91.9 Radyo Natin]] ([[Manila Broadcasting Company]])
*93.5 FMR ([[Philippine Collective Media Corporation]])
*[[DXLN|94.1 Radio One]] (MIT Radio-TV Network, Inc.)
*[[DXWD|96.7 iFM]] ([[Radio Mindanao Network]])
*98.3 Energy FM ([[Ultrasonic Broadcasting System]])
*99.1 Muews Radio ([[Sagay Broadcasting Corporation]])
*[[DXWO|99.9 Radyo Bisdak]] ([[Times Broadcasting Network Corporation]])
*103.1 Radyo Kidlat (Zamboanga del Sur I Electric Cooperative, Inc.; affiliated with [[Philippine Broadcasting Service]])
*103.9 LCM FM ([[Subic Broadcasting Corporation]]; operated by Loud Cry Ministries)
*104.7 Radyo Sakto (Malindang Broadcasting Network Corporation)
*105.7 Brigada News FM ([[Baycomms Broadcasting Corporation]]/[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]])
*[[DXCA|106.3 Bell FM]] (Baganian Broadcasting Corporation)
*107.1 Juander Radyo ([[Capitol Broadcasting Center]]; operated by RSV Broadcasting Services)
* 88.7 CocoyBags Radio
* 101.5 DXID-FM Islamic Radio
{{Div col end}}
===TV stations===
*[[DXEJ-TV|GMA Channel 3 Pagadian]]
*GTV Channel 26 Pagadian
* PTV - 11 Peoples Television Network
===Cable and satellite providers===
*Kismet Cable TV
*Unique Cable TV
*[[Cignal TV]]
*SatLite
*[[G Sat]]
== Notable people ==
*[[Antonio Cerilles]] - former Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) during the term of President Joseph Estrada; {{small|(from 1998 to 2001)}}; Governor of Zamboanga del Sur from 2010 to 2019.
*[[Mateo Olivar]] - Catholic church worker of the Diocese of Pagadian<ref name="VaticanMartyrs">{{Cite web |date=1998-11-26 |title=UCA News |url=https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1998/11/26/27-names-sent-to-vatican-to-consider-as-20th-century-martyrs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004023107/https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1998/11/26/27-names-sent-to-vatican-to-consider-as-20th-century-martyrs&post_id=12538 |archive-date=2023-10-04 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Union of Catholic Asian News}}</ref> assassinated during the [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos dictatorship]] and one of the first to be formally acknowledged as a martyr of the [[Religious sector resistance against the Marcos dictatorship|religious sector's resistance against the Marcos dictatorship]] at the Philippines’ [[Bantayog ng mga Bayani]].<ref name="BantayogProfileTiyongOlivar">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=Martyrs and Heroes: Mateo Olivar |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/mateo-olivar/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231004021546/https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/mateo-olivar/ |archive-date=2023-10-04 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani website |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Enrique Ona]] - former Secretary of Health ({{small|2010}} - {{small|December 19, 2014}}); former executive director of the National Kidney and Transplant Institute.
*[[List of MNL48 members#Current Lineup|Francese Therese Pinlac]] - is a member of MNL48's Team L. She was also a member of TGC Senbatsu before being promoted as an official member of [[MNL48]], the official sister group of the highest-selling JPOP phenomenon, [[AKB48]].
*[[Divina Grace Yu]] - current Governor of Zamboanga del Sur, and former vice mayor of Pagadian and 1st district Representative of Zamboanga del Sur.
*[[Victor Yu]] - Governor of Zamboanga del Sur from 2019–2025.
*[[Felip Jhon Suson]]- Filipino rapper, singer-songwriter, dancer, and producer. He is the main dancer, lead rapper, and lead vocalist of the Filipino boy band SB19.
==Sister cities==
*[[Cooma, New South Wales]], Australia<ref>[http://www.pagadian.gov.ph/about-pagadian/general-information/geographical-___location.html City of Pagadian Official Website - Geographical Location](retrieved: July 17, 2012)</ref> - established in 1975 through the Philippine-Australian Development Assistance Programme (PADAP) being with the contract with the Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation, based in the City of Cooma, which undertook development projects within the Province of Zamboanga del Sur.
*[[Koronadal City]]
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070205080510/http://elgu.ncc.gov.ph/ecommunity/pagadiancity/index.php?id1=13 Pagadian]
* [{{NSCB detail}} Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024509/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html Philippine Census Information]
* {{official website|http://www.pagadian.gov.ph/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211171748/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru9/R9tourism/pag_facts.htm Basic Facts for Pagadian]
{{Geographic ___location
| Centre = Pagadian
| North = [[Midsalip]] / [[Labangan]]
| East = [[Labangan]]
| Southeast = ''[[Illana Bay]]''
| South = [[Dumalinao]]
| Southwest = [[Tigbao, Zamboanga del Sur|Tigbao]]
| West = [[Lakewood, Zamboanga del Sur|Lakewood]]
}}
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| title = Articles Related to Pagadian
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}}
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| title = University and College in Pagadian City
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{{University and College in Pagadian City}}
}}
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