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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Year dab|1837}}
{{Year nav|1837}}
[[File:Dronning victoria.jpg|thumb|250px|[[June 20]]: [[Queen Victoria]] accedes to the British throne.]]
{{C19 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1837}}
== Events ==
=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – The destructive [[Galilee earthquake of 1837|Galilee earthquake]] causes thousands of deaths in [[Ottoman Syria]].
* [[January 26]] – [[Michigan]] becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of Michigan |url=https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/publications/manual/2001-2002/2001-mm-0003-0026-History.pdf}}</ref>
* [[February 4]] – [[Seminole]]s attack [[Fort Foster (Florida)|Fort Foster]] in [[Florida]].
* [[February 25]] – In [[Philadelphia]], the [[Institute for Colored Youth]] (ICY) is founded, as the first institution for the higher education of black people in the United States.
* [[February]] – [[Charles Dickens]]'s ''[[Oliver Twist]]'' begins publication in serial form in London.
* [[March 1]] – The [[Congregation of Holy Cross]] is formed in [[Le Mans]], France, by the signing of the Fundamental Act of Union, which legally joins the Auxiliary Priests of Blessed [[Basil Moreau]], CSC, and the Brothers of St. Joseph (founded by [[Jacques-François Dujarié]]) into one religious association.
=== April–June ===
* [[April 12]] – The conglomerate of [[Procter & Gamble]] has its origins, when British-born businessmen William Procter and James Gamble begin selling their first manufactured goods (soap and candles) in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf |title=Procter & Gamble history. |access-date=September 22, 2015 |archive-date=January 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117141113/http://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[April 24]] – The [[1837 Surat fire|great fire in Surat]], a city of India, begins. Over a three-day period, the fire kills more than 500 people and destroys more than 9,000 houses.
* [[May 10]] – The [[Panic of 1837]] begins in [[New York City]].
* [[May]] – [[William Fothergill Cooke|W. F. Cooke]] and [[Charles Wheatstone]] patent an [[Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph|electrical telegraph]] system.
* [[June 5]] – The city of [[Houston]] is incorporated by the [[Republic of Texas]].
* [[June 11]] – The [[Broad Street Riot]] occurs in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], fueled by ethnic tensions between the Irish and the Yankees.
* [[June 20]] – [[Queen Victoria]], 18, accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom, on the death of her uncle [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] without legitimate heirs (she will reign for more than 63 years).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840 |title=Icons, a portrait of England 1820–1840 |access-date=2007-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922055840/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840 |archive-date=September 22, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Under [[Salic law]], the [[Kingdom of Hanover]] passes to William's brother, [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover|Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland]], ending the [[personal union]] of Britain and Hanover which has persisted since [[1714]].
=== July–September ===
* [[July 13]] – [[Queen Victoria]] moves from [[Kensington Palace]] into [[Buckingham Palace]], the first reigning British monarch to make this, rather than [[St James's Palace]], as her London home.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[July]] – [[Charles W. King]] sets sail on the American merchant ship ''Morrison''. In the [[Morrison incident]], he is turned away from Japanese ports with cannon fire.
* [[August 16]] – The [[Netherlands|Dutch]] colonial forces sack the fortress of Bonjol, Indonesia, ending the [[Padri War]].
* [[September 19]] – [[First Carlist War]]: [[Battle of Aranzueque]] – The liberal forces loyal to Queen [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabel II]] of Spain are victorious, ending the Carlist campaign known as the ''Expedición Real''.
* [[September 26]] – The destructive "[[Racer's hurricane|''Racer's'' hurricane]]" sweeps across the [[Caribbean]], northeastern [[Centralist Republic of Mexico|Mexico]], the [[Republic of Texas]] and the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]] and lasts until [[October 9]], after killing at least 105 people.<ref>{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|title=The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996|date=January 20, 2016|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=January 20, 2017|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp2.shtml?text|archive-date=February 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005929/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp2.shtml?text|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[September 28]] – [[Samuel Morse]] files a caveat for a patent for the [[Telegraphy|telegraph]].<ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/sfbmhtml/timeline01.html Morse Timeline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513083152/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/sfbmhtml/timeline01.html |date=May 13, 2014 }} on memory.loc.gov (accessed on May 27, 2014)</ref>
=== October–December ===
* [[October 13]] – The French army under [[Sylvain Charles Valée]] [[Siege of Constantine|captures the city of ]] [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] in [[French Algeria]] after a siege of three days.
* [[October 30]] – The [[Tsarskoye Selo Railway]], the first in the [[Russian Empire]], opens between [[Saint Petersburg]] [[Vitebsky railway station|Tsarskoselsky station]] and [[Tsarskoye Selo|Zarskoje Selo]] (modern-day [[Pushkin, Saint Petersburg|Pushkin]]), engineered by [[Franz Anton von Gerstner]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Haywood, Richard Mowbray|title=The beginnings of railway development in Russia in the reign of Nicholas I, 1835–1842|url=https://archive.org/details/beginningsofrail0000hayw|url-access=registration|year=1969|publisher=Duke University Press|___location=Durham, N.C.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Gamst|first=Frederick|year=1990|title=Franz Anton Ritter von Gerstner, Student of America's Pioneering Railroads|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43521426|journal=Railroad History|issue=163|pages=13–27|jstor=43521426|access-date=2020-11-15|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101215245/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43521426|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[October 31]] – In what will become the world's leading [[Consumer goods|consumer goods brand]], [[Procter & Gamble]] is founded in [[Ohio]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf|title=A Company History1837 - Today|access-date=July 21, 2020|archive-date=July 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724101913/https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[November 6]] [[Louis-Joseph Papineau]] begins the [[Lower Canada Rebellion]] in the [[Quebec]] city of [[Montreal]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Brève histoire des patriotes|last=Laporte|first=Gilles|year=2015 |isbn=978-2-89448-817-1|___location=Québec (Québec)|oclc=909317079}}</ref>
* [[November 7]] – American abolitionist and newspaper editor [[Elijah Lovejoy]] is killed by a pro-[[slavery]] mob, at his warehouse in [[Alton, Illinois]].
* [[November 8]] – Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, later [[Mount Holyoke College]], is founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts.
* [[November 17]] – [[1837 Valdivia earthquake|An earthquake in Valdivia]], south-central Chile, causes tsunamis that led to significant destruction along Japan's coast.<ref name=Cisternasetal2018>{{cite journal |last1=Cisternas |first1=M. |last2=Carvajal |first2=M. |last3=Wesson |first3=R. |last4=Ely |first4=L. L. |last5=Gorigoitia |first5=N. |date=2018 |title=Exploring the Historical Earthquakes Preceding the Giant 1960 Chile Earthquake in a Time-Dependent Seismogenic Zone |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=107 |issue=6 |pages=2664–2675 |doi=10.1785/0120170103 |url=https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=cotsfac |access-date=August 28, 2020 |archive-date=November 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103191747/https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=cotsfac |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[December 4]] – [[Samuel Lount]] begins the [[Upper Canada Rebellion]] by marching with rebel followers to [[Toronto]], one month after a similar rebellion against British rule had begun in [[Lower Canada]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kilbourn |first=William |author-link=William Kilbourn |title=The Firebrand: William Lyon Mackenzie and the Rebellion in Upper Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=McMvWY0aJLsC|access-date=September 3, 2020|year=2008 |publisher=Dundurn |___location=Toronto |page=199-200 |isbn=978-1-77-070324-7}}</ref>
* [[December 17]] – [[Fire in the Winter Palace|Fire breaks out in the Winter Palace]], in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia killing 30 guards.
* [[December 23]] – The [[Slave Compensation Act 1837|Slave Compensation Act]] is signed into law by the government of the United Kingdom. This pays a substantial amount of money, constituting 40% of the [[HM Treasury|Treasury]]’s tax receipts at the time, to former enslavers but nothing to those formerly enslaved.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Context {{!}} Legacies of British Slavery |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/project/context |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=www.ucl.ac.uk |archive-date=October 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019133414/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/project/context |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[December 29]] – The [[Caroline affair|''Caroline'' Affair]], on the [[Niagara River]], becomes the basis for the [[Caroline test|''Caroline'' test]] for anticipatory self-defence in international relations.
===Date unknown===
[[File:Daguerreotype Daguerre Atelier 1837.jpg|thumb|right|''L’Atelier de l'artiste.'' An 1837 [[daguerreotype]] by [[Louis Daguerre]].]]
* [[Louis Daguerre]] develops the [[daguerreotype]].
* The 5th century B.C. [[Berlin Foundry Cup]] is acquired for the [[Antikensammlung Berlin]] in Germany.
* The [[Olney Friends School]] is founded in the [[Appalachian Mountains]] of the United States.
* The first [[electric locomotive]] built is a miniature [[battery locomotive]] constructed by chemist [[Robert Davidson (inventor)|Robert Davidson]] of [[Aberdeen]] in [[Scotland]], and powered by [[galvanic cell]]s (batteries).
* [[Atlanta]] is fixed as the [[Train station|terminal]] of the [[Western and Atlantic Railroad]]; it is originally named Marthasville.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} City of Atlanta, GA|url=https://www.atlantaga.gov/visitors/history|access-date=2021-09-11|archive-date=October 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006062010/https://www.atlantaga.gov/visitors/history|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Births ==
===January–June===
[[File:JohnPierpontMorgan.png|thumb|110px|[[J. P. Morgan]]]]
* [[January 2]] – [[Mily Balakirev]], Russian composer (d. [[1910]])
* [[January 7]] – [[Thomas Henry Ismay]], English shipowner (''White Star Line'') (d. [[1899]])
* [[February 5]]
** [[Dwight L. Moody]], American evangelist (d. [[1899]])
** [[Edward Miner Gallaudet]], American educator of the deaf (d. [[1917]])
* [[February 13]] – [[Valentin Zubiaurre]], Spanish composer (d. [[1914]])
* [[February 20]] – [[Samuel Swett Green]], American librarian, advocate (d. [[1918]])
* [[February 24]] – [[Nakamuta Kuranosuke]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1916]])
* [[March 1]] – [[William Dean Howells]], American writer, historian, editor, and politician (d. [[1920]])
* [[March 3]] – [[Jacques Duchesne]], French general (d. [[1918]])
* [[March 7]] – [[Henry Draper]], American physician and astronomer (d. [[1882]])
* [[March 18]] – [[Grover Cleveland]], 22nd and 24th [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1908]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione]] (d. [[1899]])
* [[March 23]] – [[Charles Wyndham (actor)|Sir Charles Wyndham]], English actor, theatrical manager (d. [[1919]])
* [[March 27]] – [[Fox sisters|Kate Fox]], American medium (d. [[1892]])
* [[April 1]] – [[Luis Francisco Benítez de Lugo y Benítez de Lugo]] (d. [[1876]])
* [[April 5]] – [[Algernon Charles Swinburne]], English poet (d. [[1909]])
* [[April 17]] – [[J. P. Morgan]], American financier, banker (d. [[1913]])
* [[April 21]] – [[Fredrik Bajer]], Danish politician, pacifist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1922]])
* [[April 27]] – [[Queen Cheorin]], Korean queen (d. [[1878]])
* [[April 29]] – [[Georges Ernest Boulanger]], French general, politician (d. [[1891]])
* [[May 5]]
** [[Anna Maria Mozzoni]], Italian feminist, founder of the Italian women's movement (d. [[1920]])
** [[Theodor Rosetti]], 16th Prime Minister of Romania (d. [[1923]])
* [[May 7]] – [[Karl Mauch]], German explorer (d. [[1875]])
* [[May 9]]
** [[Adam Opel]], German engineer, industrialist (d. [[1895]])
** [[Ben Hall (bushranger)|Ben Hall]], Australian bushranger (d. [[1865]])
* [[May 27]] – [[Wild Bill Hickok]], American gunfighter (d. [[1876]])
* [[May 28]]
** [[George Ashlin]], Irish architect (d. [[1921]])
** [[Tony Pastor]], American impresario, theater owner (d. [[1908]])
* [[June 22]]
** [[Paul Bachmann]], German mathematician (d. [[1920]])
** [[Paul Morphy]], American chess player (d. [[1884]])
** [[Touch the Clouds]], Native American [[Miniconjou]] chief (d. [[1905]])
* [[June 28]] – [[Petre P. Carp]], 2-time prime minister of Romania (d. [[1919]])
=== July–December ===
[[File:Anna Filosovova.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Anna Filosofova]]]]
[[File:John Leary 01.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[John Leary (politician)|John Leary]]]]
[[File:Elisabeth-Österreich-1867.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]]]]
* [[July 4]] – [[Carolus-Duran]], French painter (d. [[1917]])
* [[July 15]] – [[Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]], [[Queen consort of Portugal]] (d. [[1859]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Vasil Levski]], Bulgarian revolutionary (d. [[1873]])
* [[July 21]] – [[Johanna Hedén]], Swedish midwife, surgeon (d. 1912)
* [[August 1]] – ''(bapt.)'' [[Mary Harris Jones]] ("Mother Jones"), Irish-American labor leader (d. [[1930]])
* [[August 5]] – [[Anna Filosofova]], Russian women's rights activist (d. [[1912]])
* [[August 11]] – [[John Ward (geologist)|John Ward]], English palaeontologist (d. [[1906]])
* [[August 24]] – [[Théodore Dubois]], French composer (d. [[1924]])
* [[September 2]] – [[James H. Wilson]], Union Army [[major general]] in the [[American Civil War]] (d. [[1925]])
* [[September 12]] – [[Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse]] (d. [[1892]])
* [[September 14]] – [[Nikolai Bugaev]], Russian mathematician (d.[[1903]])
* [[September 16]] – King [[Pedro V of Portugal]] (d. [[1861]])
* [[September 18]] – [[Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos]], Portuguese Archbishop of Goa (d. [[1880]])
* [[September 24]] – [[Mark Hanna]], [[United States Senator]] from [[Ohio]] (d. [[1904]])
* [[October 3]] – [[Nicolás Avellaneda]], Argentine president (d. [[1885]])
* [[October 4]] – [[Auguste-Réal Angers]], Canadian judge and politician, 6th [[Lieutenant Governor of Quebec]] (d. [[1919]])
* [[October 5]] – [[José Plácido Caamaño]], 12th President of Ecuador (d. [[1900]])
* [[October 10]] – [[Robert Gould Shaw]], Union Army general in the American Civil War, social reformer (k. [[1863]])
* [[October 26]] – [[Carl Koldewey]], German explorer famous for the [[German North Polar Expedition]] (d. [[1908]])
* [[October 28]] – [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], Japanese ''[[shōgun]]'', 15th and last of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] (d. [[1913]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shimamoto |first1=Mayako |last2=Ito |first2=Koji |last3=Sugita |first3=Yoneyuki |title=Historical Dictionary of Japanese Foreign Policy |date=1 July 2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-5067-3 |pages=297–298 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g8PyCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA298 |language=en |access-date=October 29, 2023 |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006153719/https://books.google.com/books?id=g8PyCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA298 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[October 29]] – [[Harriet Powers]], African-American folk artist (d. [[1910]])
* [[November 2]] – [[Émile Bayard]], French artist, illustrator (d. [[1891]])
* [[November 5]] – [[Arnold Janssen]], German-born Catholic priest, saint (d. [[1909]])
* [[November 20]] – [[Lewis Waterman]], American inventor, businessman (d.[[1901]])
* [[November 23]] – [[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]], Dutch physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1923]])
* December (unknown date) – [[Bella French Swisher]], American writer (d. [[1893]])
* [[December 9]] – [[Kabayama Sukenori]], Japanese ''samurai'', general, and statesman (d. [[1922]])
* [[December 11]] – [[Webster Paulson]], English civil engineer (d. [[1887]])
* [[December 15]] – [[George B. Post]], American architect (d. [[1913]])
* [[December 24]]
** [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]], wife of Emperor [[Franz Joseph I]] (d. [[1898]])
** [[Cosima Wagner]], wife of German composer [[Richard Wagner]] (d. [[1930]])
* [[December 26]]
** [[William Boyd Dawkins|Sir William Dawkins]], British geologist (d. [[1929]])
** [[George Dewey]], American admiral (d. [[1917]])
== Deaths ==
===January–June===
[[File:AleksandrPushkin.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Alexander Pushkin]]]]
[[File:Osgood Johnson.png|thumb|110px|right|[[Osgood Johnson]]]]
* [[January 8]] – [[Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria]], Great-grandfather of Empress Elisabeth of Austria (b. [[1752]])
* [[January 20]] – [[John Soane]], British architect (b. [[1753]])
* [[January 23]] – [[John Field (composer)|John Field]], Irish composer (b. [[1782]])
* [[February 7]] – [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV Adolf]], ex-King of Sweden (b. [[1778]])
* [[February 10]] – [[Alexander Pushkin]], Russian author (b. [[1799]])
* [[February 13]] – [[Mariano José de Larra]], Spanish author (b. [[1809]])
* [[February 19]] – [[Georg Büchner]], German playwright (b. [[1813]])
* [[March 31]] – [[John Constable]], English painter (b. [[1776]])
* [[April 4]] – [[Louis-Sébastien Lenormand]], French chemist, physicist, and inventor (b. [[1757]])
* [[April 28]] – [[Joseph Souham]], French general (b. [[1760]])
* [[May 5]] – [[Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli]], Italian composer (b. [[1752]])
* [[May 20]] – [[Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel]] (b. [[1747]])
* [[June 14]] – [[Giacomo Leopardi]], Italian writer (b. [[1798]])
* [[June 29]] – [[Nathaniel Macon]], American politician (b. [[1757]])
* [[June 20]] – King [[William IV of the United Kingdom]] and Hannover (b. [[1765]])
=== July–December ===
* [[July 18]] – [[Vincenzo Borg]], Maltese merchant, rebel leader (b. [[1777]])
* [[August 12]] – [[Pierre Laromiguière]], French philosopher (b. [[1756]])
* [[September 7]] – [[Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken]], Russian military leader (b. [[1752]])
* [[September 21]] – [[Pieter Vreede]], Dutch politician (b. [[1750]])
* [[September 28]] – [[Akbar II]], last Mughal emperor of India (b. [[1760]])
* [[October 1]] – [[Robert Clark (U.S. politician)|Robert Clark]], American politician (b. [[1777]])
* [[October 10]] – [[Charles Fourier]], French philosopher (b. [[1772]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Fourier {{!}} French philosopher |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Fourier |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=13 February 2021 |language=en |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225170659/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Fourier |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[October 12]] – [[Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont]], French governor-general of French Algeria (killed during the siege of Constantine) (b. [[1783]])
* [[October 17]]
** [[Johann Nepomuk Hummel]], Austrian composer (b. [[1778]])
** [[Peter Lebeck]], French trapper and namesake of [[Lebec, California]] (birth unknown)
* [[November 7]] – [[Elijah P. Lovejoy]], American abolitionist (b. [[1802]])
* [[November 28]] – Sophie Botta, the [[Dunkelgrafen|Dark Countess]], German woman of mysterious identity
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Anne Pépin]], Senegalese Signara (b. [[1747]])
* [[Mary Dixon Kies]], first American recipient of a U.S. patent (b. [[1752]])
* [[Thomas Noble (poet)|Thomas Noble]], English poet and translator (b. 1772)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book|title= American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge |year=1838 |___location=Boston |publisher=Charles Bowen |chapter= Chronicle of Events from August 1836 to September 1837 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=62UwAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA322 }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1837}}
[[Category:1837| ]]
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