Andrei Broder: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:45, 5 June 2006

Latest revision as of 06:45, 12 December 2024

(121 intermediate revisions by 88 users not shown)

Line 1:

{{short description|American computer scientist}}

'''Andrei Broder''' is a Research Fellow and Vice President of Emerging Search Technology for [[Yahoo!]]. He previously has worked for [[AltaVista]] as the vice president of research, and for [[IBM Research]] as a Distinguished Engineer & CTO.

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Andrei Zary Broder

| image = Andrei Broder.jpg

| image_size =

| image_upright =

| alt =

| caption = Andrei Broder in 2010

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1953|4|12}}

| birth_place = [[Bucharest]], [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romanian People's Republic]]

| death_date =

| death_place =

| resting_place =

| resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}-->

| other_names =

| nationality = Israeli-American

| fields = [[Computer science]]<br/>Computational advertising

| workplaces = [[Google]], [[Yahoo!]], [[AltaVista]], [[IBM Research]]

| alma_mater =

[[Technion – Israel Institute of Technology]] <small>(B.Sc.)</small><br/>

[[Stanford University]] <small>(PhD)</small>

| thesis_title = Weighted random mappings; properties and applications

| thesis_url =

| thesis_year = 1985

| doctoral_advisor = [[Donald Knuth]]

| academic_advisors =

| doctoral_students =

| notable_students =

| known_for = Computational advertising, algorithms for WWW, shingling, min-hashing, CAPTCHA, web graph analysis

| awards = ACM Fellow, IEEE Fellow, National Academy of Engineering Member, ACM Paris Kanellakis Award

| spouse =

| children =

| parents =

| father =

| mother =

| relatives =

| signature =

| website =

| footnotes =

}}

'''Andrei Zary Broder''' (born April 12, 1953) is a distinguished scientist at [[Google]]. Previously, he was a [[research fellow]] and [[vice president]] of computational advertising for [[Yahoo!]], and before that, the vice president of research for [[AltaVista]]. He has also worked for [[IBM Research]] as a distinguished [[engineer]] and was [[Chief technical officer|CTO]] of IBM's Institute for Search and Text Analysis.

He has done research into the [[internet]], and internet searching. He is credited with being one of the first people to develop a [[Captcha]], while working for AltaVista. He also participated in the development of a near-duplicate detection algorithm, and of the bow-tie model of the web graph, among other works.

==Education and career==

He earned his [[bachelor's degree]] (''[[summa cum laude]]'') from the [[Technion]] in [[Israel]], and a [[master's degree]] and PhD (1985) from [[Stanford University]], where his advisor was [[Donald Knuth]].

Broder was born in [[Bucharest]], Romania, in 1953. His parents were medical doctors, his father a noted oncological surgeon. They emigrated to [[Israel]] in 1973, when Broder was in the second year of college in Romania, in the Electronics department at the [[Politehnica University of Bucharest]].

He was accepted at [[Technion – Israel Institute of Technology]], in the EE Department. Broder graduated from Technion in 1977, with a B.Sc. summa cum laude. He was then admitted to the PhD program at Stanford, where he initially planned to work in the systems area. His first adviser was [[John L. Hennessy]]. After receiving a "high pass" at the reputedly hard algorithms qual, [[Donald Knuth]], already a Turing Award and National Medal winner, offered him the opportunity to become his advisee. Broder finished his PhD under Knuth in 1985.<ref>{{MathGenealogy|id=47202}}</ref> He then joined the newly founded [[DEC Systems Research Center]] in [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]]. At DEC SRC, Andrei was involved with [[AltaVista]] from the very beginning, helping it deal with duplicate documents and spam. When AltaVista split from [[Compaq]] that bought DEC, Andrei became its CTO and then chief scientist and VP of research.

In 2002, he joined [[IBM Research]] in New York to build its enterprise search product. In 2005, he returned to Silicon Valley and the Web Industry, as a Yahoo Fellow and vice president. There, he put the bases of a new discipline, Computational advertising, the science of matching ads to users and contexts. At Yahoo, Broder also helped build [[Yahoo! Research]] into one of the leading Web research organizations. Broder was elected a member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] in 2010 for his contributions to the science and engineering of the World Wide Web. In 2012, Broder joined [[Google]] as a distinguished scientist, where he switched focus to another aspect of the WWW experience, large-scale personalization.<ref>{{GoogleScholar|id=7b858c0AAAAJ}}</ref>

==Contributions==

In 1989, he discovered (independently from [[David Aldous]]) an algorithm for generating a [[uniform spanning tree]] of a given graph.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Broder|first1=Andrei|title=30th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science |chapter=Generating random spanning trees |date=1989|pages=442–47|doi=10.1109/SFCS.1989.63516|isbn=0-8186-1982-1|s2cid=8057709|chapter-url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~15859n/RelatedWork/Broder-GenRanSpanningTrees.pdf|access-date=9 February 2016}}</ref>

Over the last fifteen years,{{When|date=March 2018}} Broder pioneered several algorithms systems and concepts fundamental to the science and technology of the [[World Wide Web]]. Some of the highlights include: In 1997, Broder led the development of the first practical solution for finding near-duplicate documents on web-scale using "[[W-shingling|shingling]]" to reduce the problem to a set-intersection problem and "min-hashing" or to construct "sketches" of sets. This was a pioneering effort in the area of [[locality-sensitive hashing]]. In 1998, he co-invented the first practical test to prevent robots from masquerading as human and access web sites, often referred to as [[CAPTCHA]].<ref>{{cite patent|inventor1-last=Broder|inventor1-first=Andre|inventor2=Mark D. Lillibridge, [[Martín Abadi]], [[Krishna Bharat]]|title=Method for selectively restricting access to computer systems|country=US|number=6195698|fdate=1998-04-13|pubdate=2001-02-27}}</ref> In 2000, Broder, then at AltaVista, together with colleagues from IBM and DEC SRC, conducted the first large-scale analysis of the Web graph, and identified the [[Bow tie (biology)|bow-tie model]] of the [[web graph]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Broder|first=Andrei|author2=Ravi Kumar |author3=Farzin Maghoul |author4=Prabhakar Raghavan |author4-link=Prabhakar Raghavan |author5=Sridhar Rajagopalan |author6=Raymie Stata |author6-link=Raymie Stata |author7=Andrew Tomkins |author8=Janet Wiener |title=Graph structure in the Web |journal=Computer Networks |year=2000|volume=33 |issue=1–6 |pages=309–320 |doi=10.1016/S1389-1286(00)00083-9 |s2cid=10094666 |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/S1389-1286%2800%2900083-9}}</ref> Around 2001–2002, Broder published an opinion piece where he qualified the differences between classical information retrieval and Web search and introduced a now widely accepted classification of web queries into navigational, information, and transactional.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Broder|first=Andrei|title=A taxonomy of Web search|journal=SIGIR Forum|volume=36|issue=2|pages=3–10|year=2002|doi=10.1145/792550.792552|s2cid=207602540}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==

He is a fellow of the [[Association for Computing Machinery]], [[National Academy of Engineering]], and the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]]. He was one of the recipients of the 2012 ACM [[Paris Kanellakis Award]] for his work on [[w-shingling]] and [[MinHash|min-hashing]],<ref>{{cite web

|title = ACM Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award

|publisher = [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]]

|url = https://awards.acm.org/award_winners/broder_N005132

|accessdate = 2020-11-05

|archive-url =

|archive-date =

}}</ref> and he won this award again in 2020, together with [[Yossi Azar]], [[Anna Karlin]], [[Michael Mitzenmacher]], and [[Eli Upfal]] for their work on the power of two choices.

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

*{{cite web

| last = Broder

| first = Andrei

| year = 2006

| url = http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives2006/03/03/search-without-a-box-a-chat-with-andrei-broder-part-1/000257.html

| title = Interview: "Search without a Box"

| format =

| publisher = Yahoo! Search Blog

| accessdateaccess-date = 2006-03-04

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090101032935/http://ysearchblog.com/2006/03/03/search-without-a-box-a-chat-with-andrei-broder-part-1/

}}

| archive-date = 2009-01-01

| url-status = dead

}}

*{{cite web

| year =2005 2005

| url = http://docs.yahoo.com/docs/pr/release1271.html

| title = Yahoo! ApointsAppoints Dr. Andrei Broder as Research Fellow

|publisher=Yahoo! Press Release

| format =

|access-date=2006-03-04

| publisher = Yahoo! Press Release

|url-status=dead

| accessdate = 2006-03-04

|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216002843/http://docs.yahoo.com/docs/pr/release1271.html

|archivedate=2006-02-16

}}

* {{cite news|url=http://stiri.tvr.ro/romani-de-succes--care-schimba-lumea--george-haber---i-andrei-broder--mae--tri-ai-tehnologiei-viitorului_850528.html|title=Români de succes, care schimbă lumea. George Haber și Andrei Broder, maeștri ai tehnologiei viitorului|work= [[TVR (TV network)|TVR]]| language=ro|date=September 21, 2019|access-date=September 24, 2022}}

*{{cite web

| year = 2006

| url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-v6Oxg_nS8

| title = Interview in Barcelona: Workshop The Future of Web Search

| format = Video

| publisher = OJObuscador

| accessdate = 2006-05-20

}}

{{Compu-bio-stub}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Kanellakis Award laureates}}

[[Category{{DEFAULTSORT:Yahoo!|Broder, Andrei]]}}

[[Category:AltaVista|Broder,1953 Andreibirths]]

[[Category:IBM|Broder,Living Andreipeople]]

[[Category:AmericanScientists chieffrom executives|Broder, AndreiBucharest]]

[[Category:AmericanYahoo! entrepreneurs|Broder, Andreiemployees]]

[[Category:AmericanIBM computer scientists|Broder, Andreiemployees]]

[[Category:Jewish-Americans|Broder,American Andreitechnology chief executives]]

[[Category:LivingAmerican people|Broder,computer Andreibusinesspeople]]

[[Category:StanfordAmerican University|Broder,computer Andreiscientists]]

[[Category:American people of Romanian-Jewish descent]]

[[Category:Israeli computer scientists]]

[[Category:Israeli emigrants to the United States]]

[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]

[[Category:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni]]

[[Category:2007 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery]]

[[Category:Romanian emigrants to Israel]]