Guy Aldonce de Durfort, 1st Duke of Quintin: Difference between revisions

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Line 1: {{Short description\|French marshal (1630–1702)}} ~~'''Guy Aldonce de Durfort''' , duke de Lorges, [[marshal of France]], ([[August 22]] [[1630]] - [[october 22]] [[1702]]).~~ {{Use British English\|date=November 2019}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2019}} Jacques Henri was the fourth son of Guy Aldonce de Durfort ([[1605]]-[[1665]]), marquis of Duras, count of Rozan and of Lorges, maréchal de camp and of Elisabeth de La Tour d'Auvergne, sister of Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, better known as [[Turenne]]. {{Infobox noble \| name = Guy Aldonce de Durfort His brother, [[Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras]], was also a [[Marshal of France]]. One can not help thinking that the fame of their uncle played a mayor part in the military carreer of Jacques-Henri and Guy Aldonce. \| title = 1st [[Duke of Lorges]]<br/>1st Duke of Quintin \| image = {{CSS image crop\|Image=Blondel - Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges (1630-1702) - MV 1042.jpg\|bSize=1042\|cWidth=200\|cHeight=200\|oTop=180\|oLeft=415\|Location=center}} \| alt = A painted full-length portrait of Guy Aldonce, showing withn a moustache and long fair hair, clad in armour, standing in front of some drapery opening on a view of a distant landscape \| caption = Detail from the portrait further down \| tenure = 1691–1702 \| successor = Guy Nicolas de Durfort \| spouse = Geneviève de Frémont \| issue-link = #chldrn \| father = Guy Aldonce de Durfort \| mother = Elisabeth de La Tour d'Auvergne \| birth_date = 22 August 1630 \| birth_place = [[Château de Duras (France)\|Château de Duras]] \| death_date = 22 October 1702 \| death_place = Paris \| issue = Marie Gabrielle, Duchess of Saint Simon<br>Geneviève Marie, Duchess of Lauzun<br>[[Guy Nicolas de Durfort, Duke of Lorges\|Guy Nicolas, Duke of Quintin, Duke of Lorges]]<br>Marie Geneviève Duchess of Thouars<br>[[Guy Louis, Duke of Lorges]] }} '''Guy Aldonce de Durfort, 1st [[Duke of Lorges]]''', [[Marshal of France]], (1630–1702) fought in the [[Franco-Dutch War]] mostly on the Rhine under his uncle [[Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne\|Marshal Turenne]], but in 1673 he was seconded to the [[Siege of Maastricht (1673)\|Siege of Maastricht]]. Back on the Rhine, he fought at [[Battle of Entzheim\|Entzheim]] in 1674, at [[Battle of Turckheim\|Turckheim]] in January 1675, and at [[Battle of Salzbach\|Sasbach]] in July 1675, where Turenne fell. He distinguished himself at the retreat from Sasbach and the ensuing [[Battle of Altenheim]]. In the [[War of the Grand Alliance]] he commanded the French army in Germany from [[1690]] to [[1695]]. On [[September 27]] [[1692]] he beats an imperial army unit of 4,000 cavalry men under the command of Duke [[Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental]] and takes the city of [[Heidelberg]] in [[1693]]. In the [[Nine Years' War]] he commanded the Rhine army and took the city and the castle of [[Heidelberg]] in 1693. He is often mentioned in [[Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon\|Saint-Simon]]'s ''Mémoires'' as he was the author's father-in-law. Created the 2st Duke of Quintin in 1691, he was known as the 1st Duke of Lorges. ~~His daughter married [[Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon]].~~ == Birth and origins == ~~[[Category:French nobility\|Lorges]]~~ Guy Aldonce was born on 22 August 1630, at the [[Château de Duras (France)\|Château de Duras]],{{Sfn\|La Chesnaye des Bois\|1865\|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/page/63/ 126]\|ps=. "XV. Guy-Aldonce de Durfort, né à Duras le 22 Août 1630 ..."}} the fourth son of Guy Aldonce de Durfort (1605-1665) and Elisabeth de La Tour d'Auvergne. His father was marquis of Duras, comte de Rauzan and comte de Lorges, as well as maréchal de camp in the French army.{{Sfn\|La Chesnaye des Bois\|1865\|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/page/61/ 121, middle ]\|ps=. "XIV. Guy-Aldonce de Durfort, Marquis de Duras, Comte de Rosan, &c. né à Duras le premier Juin 1605 ..."}} The [[Durfort family]] held Duras since the 14th century. Guy's mother was a daughter of [[Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon\|Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne]] and sister of the Marshal [[Turenne]]. Both his parents were Calvinists. Later in life, following the example of his uncle, he and his older brother converted to [[Catholicism]]<ref>{{cite journal \| url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24280843 \| jstor=24280843 \| title=DE LA CONVERSION DE LA NOBLESSE PROTESTANTE: AU DIX-SEPTIÈME SIÈCLE. (Fragment inédit.) \| last1=Weiss \| first1=Ch \| journal=Bulletin de la Société de l'Histoire du Protestantisme Français (1852-1865) \| date=3 February 2024 \| volume=1 \| issue=1/2 \| pages=46–50 }}</ref> ~~[[Category:Marshals of France\|Lorges]]~~ Guy was the fourth son, but his twin brother, Armand, died as an infant{{Sfn\|La Chesnaye des Bois\|1865\|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/page/61/ 121, line 47]\|ps=. "4. Armand, son frère jumeau, né le 22 Août 1630, mort de la peste le 6 Avril 1631;"}} and he thereafter occupied the third position and was often counted as the third son. His father distributed his subsidiary titles as courtesy titles among his sons. Guy was thus, after the death of his twin brother, styled comte de Lorges and was called Lorges, sometimes spelt Lorge, notably by Saint-Simon. He was numbered "Guy Aldonce II de Durfort" in the Durfort family, whereas his father was numbered "Guy Aldonce I de Durfort". Guy's eldest brother, [[Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras]], also became a [[Marshal of France]]. Their uncle Turenne probably helped to further the careers of both brothers. {{Chart top\|width=auto\|collapsed=no\|align=right\|clear=right\|Family tree}} {{Tree chart/start\|style=clear: both; font-size: 90%; width: 35em;}} {{Tree chart\|Txt\|Txt=Guy Aldonce de Durfort with wife, parents, and other selected relatives.{{Efn\|This family tree is based on the genealogy in {{Sfn\|La Chesnaye des Bois\|1865\|pp=[https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/page/54/ 108–128]\|ps=. "genealogy of the House of Durfort"}}}}\|boxstyle_Txt=border: 0 solid white; text-align: left;}} {{Tree chart/end}} {{Tree chart/start}} {{Tree chart\| \| \|Jacqu\| \| \| \|LaTou\| \| \|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; \|Jacqu='''Jacques'''<br />1547-1626\|boxstyle_Jacqu=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: wheat; \|LaTou=[[Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon\|Henri de<br />'''La Tour<br />d'Auvergne''']]<br />1555–1623}} {{Tree chart\| \| \| \|!\| \| \| \|,\|-\|^\|-\|.\| \|}} {{Tree chart\| \| \|GuyA1\|y\|Eliza\| \|Turen\|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; \|GuyA1='''Guy<br />Aldonce'''<br />1605-1665\|boxstyle_GuyA1=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: wheat; \|Eliza=Elisabeth<br />de '''La Tour<br />d'Auvergne'''<br />1606-1685 \|Turen=[[Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne\|'''Turenne''']]<br />1611–1675<br />Marshal\|boxstyle_Turen=border-width: 2px; border-radius: 0.5em;}} {{Tree chart\| \| \|,\|-\|-\|^\|.\|}} {{Tree chart\| \|JacHr\| \|Sbjct\|y\|GenFr\| \| \| \| \|J-AMm\|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; \|JacHr=[[Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras\|'''Jacques<br />Henri''']]<br />1625–1704\|boxstyle_JacHr=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: wheat; \|Sbjct='''Guy<br />Aldonce'''<br />1630–1702\|boxstyle_Sbjct=border: 2px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender; \|GenFr='''Geneviève<br />de Frémont<br />d'Auneuil'''<br />1658–1727 \|J-AMm=[[Jean-Antoine de Mesmes (premier président)\|'''Jean-<br />Antoine<br />de Mesmes''']]<br />1661–1723}} {{Tree chart\| \|,\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|-\|^\|-\|-\|-\|-\|.\| \| \| \|!\| }} {{Tree chart\|Marie\|y\|StSim\| \|GenCh\|y\|GuyNi\|y\|MAAMm\|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; \|Marie='''Marie<br />Gabrielle'''<br />1678–1743 \|StSim=[[Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon\|'''Saint<br />Simon''']]<br />1675–1755<br />Writer\|boxstyle_StSim=border-width: 2px; border-radius: 0.5em; \|GenCh='''Geneviève<br />Chamillart'''<br />1685-1714 \|GuyNi='''Guy<br />Nicolas'''<br />1683–1758\|boxstyle_GuyNi=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender; \|MAAMm=Marie-<br />Anne-<br />Antoinette<br />'''de Mesmes'''<br />1696–1757}} {{Tree chart\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|!\|}} {{Tree chart\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|GuyMi\|y\|ElsPh\|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; \|GuyMi='''Guy<br />Michel'''<br />1704–1773\|boxstyle_GuyMi=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender; \|ElsPh='''Elisabeth-<br />Philippine<br />de Poitiers'''}} {{Tree chart/end}}{{Tree chart/start\|style=clear: both;}} {{Tree chart\|Title\| \|Title='''Legend'''\|boxstyle_Title=border: 0 solid white;}} {{Tree chart/end}}{{Tree chart/start\|style=clear: both;}} {{Tree chart\|SbjBx\|SbjTx\| \|FamBx\|FamTx\| \|DrsBx\|DrsTx\| \|LorBx\|LorTx\| \|SbjBx=XXX\|boxstyle_SbjBx=border: 2px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em; color: white; \|SbjTx=Subject of<br />the article\|boxstyle_SbjTx=border: 0 solid white; text-align: left; \|FamBx=XXX\|boxstyle_FamBx=border: 2px solid black; border-radius: 0.5em; color: white; \|FamTx=Famous<br />people\|boxstyle_FamTx=border: 0 solid white; \|DrsBx=XXX\|boxstyle_DrsBx=background: wheat; border-radius: 0.5em; border-width: 1px; color: wheat; \|DrsTx='''Duras<br />Branch'''\|boxstyle_DrsTx=border: 0 solid white; \|LorBx=XXX\|boxstyle_LorBx=background: lavender; border-radius: 0.5em; border-width: 1px; color: lavender; \|LorTx='''Lorges<br />Branch'''\|boxstyle_LorTx=border: 0 solid white;}} {{Tree chart/end}}{{Tree chart/start\|style=clear: both; font-size: 85%; width: 36em;}} {{Tree chart/end}} {{Chart_bottom}} Guy was one of 12 siblings: {\|{{Table\|hide}} !align="left"\|Guy listed among his siblings \|- \|He appears below among his siblings as the fourth child: #[[Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras\|Jacques Henri]] (1625–1704), marquis de Duras;{{Sfn\|La Chesnaye des Bois\|1865\|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/page/61/ 122, line bottom]\|ps=. "XV. Jacques-Henri de Durfort, né à Duras le 9 Octobre 1625 ..."}} #Frédérique Maurice (1626–1693), called Rauzan;{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n756/ 737, line 6]\|ps=. "Frédéric-Maurice de Durfort, comte de Rozan, né à Duras le vingt-deux novembre 1626 ..."}} #Armand (1630–1631), twin brother of Guy Aldonce II, died of the pest in his infancy;{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n756/ 737, line 13]\|ps=. "Armand de Durfort, frère jumeau de Guy-Aldonce, né le vingt-deux aoust 1630, mourut de la peste le 6 avril 1631."}} #'''Guy Aldonce''' (1630–1702); #Louise-Madeleine, died young;{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n738/ 717, line 13]\|ps=. "Louise-Madeleine, morte jeune."}} #Elisabeth (1632–1715), married on 3 June 1656 Frédéric-Charles de La Rochefoucauld, comte de Roye;{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n738/ 717, line 18]\|ps=. "Elisabeth, morte à Londres le 14 Janvier 1715, âgée de 82 ans. ... elle avoit épousé par contrat de 3 Juin 1656 Frédéric-Charles de La Rochefoucauld ..."}} #Henriette (1633 – after 1667), married in 1653 Louis de Bourbon-Lavedan, marquis de Malauze;{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n738/ 717, line 14]\|ps=. "Henriette, mariée en 1653 à Louis de Bourbon ..."}} #Charles Henri (1634–1661), comte de Montgommery;{{Sfn\|La Chesnaye des Bois\|1865\|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/page/61/ 121, bottom]\|ps=. "5. Charles Henri, Comte de Montgommery, né à Duras le 21 juillet 1634 ..."}} #[[Louis de Duras, 2nd Earl of Feversham\|Louis]] (1641–1709), marquis de Blanquefort, who became [[Earl of Feversham]];{{Sfn\|Cokayne\|1890\|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage03cokahrish/page/n343/ 342]\|ps=. "... he [Louis] was b. 1641 ..."}}{{Sfn\|La Chesnaye des Bois\|1865\|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/page/61/ 122, line 3]\|ps=. "6. Louis, Marquis de Blanquefort, Comte de Feversham en Angleterre, ... mort le 19 Avril 1709 à l'âge de 71 ans ..."}} #Charles-Louis (born in 1642), baron de Pujols, killed in Portugal;{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n738/ 717, line 8]\|ps=. "Charles-Louis, Baron de Pujols, né à Duras le 27 Mars 1642. Capitaine d'une Compagnie Françoise de troupes auxiliaires ..."}} #Godefroy (1644–1669), comte de Rozan, colonel of foot, fell at the [[Siege of Candia]], Crete;{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n738/ 717, line 12]\|ps=. "Godefroi, Baron de Rozan, Colonel d'Infanterie, né à Duras le 16 Janvier 1644, tué à Candie le 29 Juin 1669."}} #Marie (1648–1689), dame de compagnie of [[Elisabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine]], duchesse d'Orléans.{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n738/ 717, line 24]\|ps=. "Marie, Dame d'Atours de la duchesse d'Orléans, né à Duras le 26 Janviers 1648 ..."}} \|} [[File:Duras château.JPG\|thumb\|left\|The [[Château de Duras (France)\|Château de Duras]] where he was born.]] == Franco-Dutch War == In the [[Franco-Dutch War]] (1672–1678) Lorges served mostly under Turenne in the French Rhine Army. However, in 1673 he was sent to Flanders with 7000{{Sfn\|Longueville\|1907\|p=[https://archive.org/details/marshalturenne00longuoft/page/319/ 319]\|ps=. "... with 7000 more, for which he sent to Turenne, he invested Maestricht ..."}} of Turenne's men to take part in the [[Siege of Maastricht (1673)\|Siege of Maastricht]].{{Sfn\|Quincy\|1726a\|p=[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k123111h/f367 350]\|ps=. "... d'investir Mastricht d'un côté, pendant que le Comte de Lorges qu'il avait fait partir avec un gros détachement le bloqua de l'autre."}} He was assigned the north-eastern sector before Wijck, the part of Maastricht that lies on the right bank of the [[Meuse\|Maas]]. The town, under the command of [[Jacques de Fariaux]], surrendered on 30 June 1673.{{Sfn\|Quincy\|1726a\|p=[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k123111h/f371 353]\|ps=. "... prit le parti de faire battre la chamade le 30 [June 1673];"}} [[File:Blason Maison Durfort de Lorges.svg\|thumb\|upright=0.5\|right\|Arms of the House of Durfort de Lorges]] Back on the Rhine, Lorges probably participated in the devastation of the Palatinate by Turenne in 1674. On 4 October 1674 in the [[Battle of Entzheim]], Lorges commanded the ''Brigade d'Humières'' and the ''Dragons de la Reine'' on the left wing.{{Sfn\|Deschamps\|1756\|p=[https://archive.org/details/mmoiresdesdeuxd00turegoog/page/n92/ 79]\|ps=. "... la brigade d'Humieres, de pareil nombre d'escadrons [i.e. 17], & les dragons de la Reine étaient à gauche commandés par le comte de Lorge, général-lieutenant ..."}} On 5 January 1675 he fought at the [[Battle of Turckheim\|French victory of Turckheim]] where he commanded the right wing.{{Sfn\|Longueville\|1907\|p=[https://archive.org/details/marshalturenne00longuoft/page/362/ 362]\|ps=. "Turenne put his right wing under his relative, Comte de Lorges ..."}} When Turenne was killed at [[Battle of Salzbach\|Sasbach]] on 27 July 1675,{{Sfn\|Daniell\|1907\|p=[https://archive.org/details/calendarstatepa00levagoog/page/n327/ 273]\|ps=. "... Marshal Turenne was shot in the breast, as he was viewing the Imperial army through a perspective glass ..."}} Lorges was lieutenant-general of the day, but [[Nicolas Bautru-Nogent, marquis de Vaubrun\|marquis de Vaubrun]] was the most senior lieutenant-general. They agreed to alternate the command daily between them.{{Sfn\|Quincy\|1726a\|p=[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k123111h/f466 446]\|ps=. "... M. le comte de Lorges qui en prit le commandement comme Lieutenant General de jour après la mort de M. de Turenne son oncle; ce qui cependant ne se fit pas sans une contestation entre lui & le marquis de Vaubrun, comme plus ancien Lieutenant General. Pour le bien de l'Etat ils convinrent qu'ils commanderoient alternativement."}} The army retreated from Sasbach and fought the [[Battle of Altenheim]], where Vaubrun, who commanded the rearguard, was killed on 1 August 1675. When Lorges arrived back in Alsace he was ordered to hand over the command of the Rhine army to his brother the [[Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras\|Duke of Duras]], who had come from the [[Franche-Comté]] for that purpose{{Sfn\|Quincy\|1726a\|p=[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k123111h/f468 448]\|ps=. "L'armée de France passa tranquillement le Rhin le 2 août & alla camper à Poltzeim où le duc de Duras qui étoit en la Franche-Comté vint prendre le commandement de l'armée en attendant l'arrivée du Prince de Condé ..."}} while waiting for the arrival of [[Louis, Grand Condé\|Condé]] from Flanders whom [[Louis XIV]] had appointed as commander of the Rhine Army.{{Sfn\|Longueville\|1907\|p=[https://archive.org/details/marshalturenne00longuoft/page/392/ 392]\|ps=. "The King made Condé leave his army in Flanders to take the command vacated by the death of Turenne."}} On 26 January 1679 France made peace with the Holy Roman Empire in the [[Treaties of Nijmegen]] ending the [[Franco-Dutch War]].{{Sfn\|Lynn\|1999\|p=[https://archive.org/details/warsoflouisxiv1600lynn/page/156/ 156]\|ps=. "... and peace followed with the emperor on 26 January 1679."}} == Marriage and children == On 19 March 1676 (date of the contract) Lorges married Geneviève de Frémont, daughter of the keeper of the King's jewels.{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n759/ 740]\|ps=. "Femme Geneviève Fremont, fille de Nicolas Fremont, seigneur d'Aneuil, de Dandainville & de Dominois, grand audiencier de France, secretaire du conseil, & ensuite garde du conseil royal, & de Genevieve Damon, fut mariée par contrat du 19 mars 1676 ..."}} Many of his friends considered that he had married socially beneath him, but the marriage was a happy one and even his son-in-law [[Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon\|Saint-Simon]], who disapproved of marriage between the classes, admitted that she was an admirable wife.{{Sfn\|Saint-Simon\|1967\|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoir0001sain/page/62/ 62]\|ps=. "Elegant, wise, full of dignity, she kept open house to the highest society, never mixing, conducting herself with perfect modesty, yet ever conscious of the deference due to her husband's rank."}} [[File:Blondel - Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges (1630-1702) - MV 1042.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Lorges in a 19th-century painting]] {{Anchor\|chldrn}} <!-- Referenced by infobox issue-link --> Guy Aldonce and Geneviève had one son and four daughters: #Marie Gabrielle (1678–1743), married [[Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon]];{{Sfn\|La Chesnaye des Bois\|1865\|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/page/63/ 121, 126, line 11]\|ps=. "1. Geneviève-Françoise, mariée le 8 avril 1695 à Louis, duc de Saint-Simon;..."}}{{Efn\|Called Marie-Gabrielle in her act of marriage{{Sfn\|Saint-Simon\|1879b\|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints02sain/page/479/ 479]\|ps=. "... et Mlle Marie-Gabrielle de Durfort de Lorge, âgée de dix-sept ans ..."}} but Geneviève-Françoise by Anselme{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n759/ 740, line 15]\|ps=. "Geneviève-Françoise de Durfort épousa le 8 Avril 1695 Louis duc de S.Simon ..."}} and by La Chesnaye.}} #Geneviève (1680-1740), called "Mademoiselle de Quintin", who married [[Antoine Nompar de Caumont]], duke of Lauzun;{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n759/ 740, line 20]\|ps=. "Geneviève-Marie de Durfort fut mariée le 21 mai 1695 à Antonin-Nompar de Caumont, duc de Lauzun ..."}} #Guy Nicolas (1683–1758), succeeded him as duc de Lorges;{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n759/ 740, line 14]\|ps=. "Guy-Nicolas de Durfort, duc de Lorge ..."}} #Élisabeth Gabrielle (died 1727), abbess of {{Ill\|Andecy\|fr\|Abbaye Notre Dame d'Andecy}};{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n759/ 740, line 26]\|ps=. "Elisabeth-Gabrielle de Durfort, religieuse à Conflans, puis abbesse d'Andezy ..."}} and #Claude Suzanne Thérèse (died 1745), abbess of {{Ill\|Saint-Amand Abbey, Rouen\|lt=Saint-Amand\|fr\|Abbaye Saint-Amand}}, Rouen.{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1730\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/page/n759/ 740, line 28]\|ps=. "Claude-Suzanne-Thérèse de Durfort, aussi religieuse à Conflans près Paris, puis abbesse de S. Amand de Rouen."}} Saint-Simon praised Lorges, his father-in-law, warmly in his ''Memoirs'', describing him as highly principled, frank, upright, good-natured, sincere and the most truthful man alive.{{Sfn\|Saint-Simon\|1879b\|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints02sain/page/264/ 264]\|ps=. "La probité, la droiture, la franchise du Maréchal de Lorge me plaisoient infiniment ..."}} Lorges supplied his son-in-law with useful material for his memoirs, particularly on the early relations between [[Louis XIV]] and [[Madame de Maintenon]]. [[File:Heidelberg Castle Powder Turret.jpg\|thumb\|left\|The Powder Tower of [[Heidelberg Castle]], blown up and split by Lorge's troops in 1693.]] == Nine Years' War == During the [[Nine Years' War]] (1688–1697), also called the War of the Grand Alliance, Lorges commanded the French army of the Rhine from 1690 to 1695. On 31 December 1688 in the Chapel of the [[Château de Versailles]]{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1733\|p=[https://archive.org/details/histoiregnalogiq09anse/page/n223/ 214]\|ps=. "Promotion – Faite dans la Chapelle du Château de Versailles, le 31. Decembre 1688."}} he was made a Knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit.{{Sfn\|Anselme\|1733\|p=[https://archive.org/details/histoiregnalogiq09anse/page/n234/ 225]\|ps=. "Guy-Aldonce de Durfort, comte de Lorges ..."}} In 1691 Lorges was elevated by Louis XIV to duc de Quintin-Lorge.{{Sfn\|Saint-Simon\|1879a\|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints01sain/page/27/ 27, line 10]\|ps=. "Guy de Durfort, comte de Lorge, créé duc de Quintin-Lorge en 1691;"}} On 27 September 1692, he surprised and routed 4,000 imperial cavalry under the command of [[Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental\|Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental]] in their camp at [[Ötisheim]] and took Württemberg prisoner.{{Sfn\|Kugler\|1878\|p=[https://archive.org/details/allgemeinedeutsc08lili/page/51/ 51]\|ps=. "... wurde aber bei Oetisheim am 17. September [1692] in ein unglückliches Gefecht verwickelt und schließlich selber gefangen."}} On 22 May 1693 Lorges took the city of [[Heidelberg]],{{Sfn\|Quincy\|1726b\|p=[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k123123m/f672 468]\|ps=. "La tranchée fut ouverte le même jour 21. par le marquis de Chamilly."}} then the capital of the [[Electoral Palatinate]]. The [[Heidelberg Castle\|castle]] capitulated the next day.{{Sfn\|Lynn\|1999\|p=[https://archive.org/details/warsoflouisxiv1600lynn/page/236/ 236]\|ps=. "The French opened the trenches [before Heidelberg] on 21 May [1693] and the garrison capitulated the next day."}} [[Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine]], was also Duke of [[United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg\|Jülich and Berg]] and resided at [[Düsseldorf]]. Heidelberg been burned by [[René de Froulay de Tessé]] in 1689{{Sfn\|Lynn\|1999\|p=[https://archive.org/details/warsoflouisxiv1600lynn/page/196/ 196]\|ps=. "Under the direction of Tessé, a subordinate of Montclair, retreating French troops forced out the inhabitants and put Heidelberg to the torch on 2 March [1689]."}} and the castle's Fat Tower had been blown up.{{Sfn\|Metzger\|1829\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3eo-AAAAcAAJ/page/n25/ 19]\|ps=. "Bevor sie abzogen, sprengten sie den 16ten Febr. zuerst den dicken Thurm ... "}} Lorges now completed the destruction by burning the town and castle again. The commander des Bordes blew up many of the fortifications, notably the castle's Powder Tower, now known as the "Gesprengte Turm" (Blown-up Tower).{{Sfn\|Metzger\|1829\|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3eo-AAAAcAAJ/page/n26/ 20, right column]\|ps=. "Der Commandant des Bordes ließ die beiden Schlossthore, die Brücke, die Carlsschanze, den jetzigen gesprengten Thurm, das Rondell im Stückgarten, und alle übrigen Werke durch Minen in die Luft sprengen ..."}} The campaign of 1694 was relatively uneventful for the Rhine Army. On 20 June 1695, Lorges fell ill{{Sfn\|Saint-Simon\|1967\|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoir0001sain/page/66/ 66]\|ps=. "... on 20 June, M. de Lorges fell grievously ill ..."}} and was temporarily replaced by [[Jean-Armand de Joyeuse, Marquis de Grandpré\|Joyeuse]] as commander of the Rhine Army.{{Sfn\|Quincy\|1726c\|p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5327374877&view=1up&seq=179 159]\|ps=. "Ce general fut attaqué ce même jour d'une fievre pourprée. Il envoya M. de la Cour son Capitaine des Gardes au Roy pour l'en avertir. Le Maréchal de Joyeuse prit, en attendant les Ordres de la Cour, le commandement de l'armée."}} Lorges's wife came from Paris and took him to [[Vichy]] so that he should take thermal baths there for his health.{{Sfn\|Saint-Simon\|1879b\|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints02sain/page/336/ 336]\|ps=. "... son départ avec M. le maréchal pour Vichy."]}} On 4 September Lorges returned to his post.{{Sfn\|Quincy\|1726c\|p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5327374877&view=1up&seq=182 162]\|ps=. "Le Maréchal de Lorges étant tout à fait rétabli de sa maladie rejoignit l'armée le 4. [September] et en reprit le commandement."}} In 1696 he was ill again and [[Claude de Choiseul-Francières\|Marshal Choiseul]] was appointed in his place.{{Sfn\|Lynn\|1999\|p=[https://archive.org/details/warsoflouisxiv1600lynn/page/254/ 254]\|ps=. "De Lorges could not command that year, for reasons of health, so Marshal Choiseul conducted that year's campaign ..."}} On 30 October 1697 the Emperor signed the [[Peace of Ryswick]] ending the Nine Years' War.{{Sfn\|Lynn\|1999\|p=[https://archive.org/details/warsoflouisxiv1600lynn/page/262/ 262]\|ps=. "Representatives of France, the Dutch Republic, England and Spain agreed to the Treaty of Ryswick on 20 September. The emperor at first resisted the treaty, but finally signed it as well on 30 October ..."}} == Death and timeline == On 22 October 1702 he died in Paris of a botched kidney-stone surgery; Guy died in agonising pain, which he endured with great courage.{{Sfn\|Saint-Simon\|1967\|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoir0001sain/page/201/ 201]\|ps=. "M. le Maréchal de Lorge died on Saturday, the 22 October [1702] ..."}} He was succeeded by his son {{Ill\|Guy Nicolas\|fr\|Guy Nicolas de Durfort de Lorges}}, who would marry firstly Geneviève Chamillart (1685-1714) and then secondly in 1720 Marie Anne Antoinette de Mesmes (1696–1757), eldest daughter of [[Jean-Antoine de Mesmes (premier président)\|Jean-Antoine de Mesmes]], the premier président of the Parlement of Paris. {\|{{Table\|hide}} !colspan=3\|Timeline \|- !align="left"\|Age!!align="left"\|Date!!align="left"\|Event \|- \|0\|\|1630, 22 Aug\|\|Born at the [[Château de Duras (France)\|Château de Duras]].{{Sfn\|La Chesnaye des Bois\|1865\|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/page/63/ 126]\|ps=. "XV. Guy-Aldonce de Durfort, né à Duras le 22 Août 1630 ..."}} \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|8 Jan 1665}}\|\|1665, 8 Jan\|\|Father died.{{Sfn\|La Chesnaye des Bois\|1865\|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/page/61/ 121, line 27]\|ps=. "... & mourut au Château de Duras, le matin du 8 Janvier 1665, âgé de 59 ans, 5 mois."}} \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|30 Jun 1673}}\|\|1673, Jun\|\|Fought at the [[Siege of Maastricht (1673)\|Siege of Maastricht]]<ref name="FOOTNOTEQuincy1726a[httpsgallicabnffrark12148bpt6k123111hf367 350]"/> \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|27 Jul 1675}}\|\|1675, 27 Jul\|\|Was there at [[Battle of Salzbach\|Sasbach]] where [[Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne\|Turenne]] was killed<ref name="FOOTNOTEDaniell1907[httpsarchiveorgdetailscalendarstatepa00levagoogpagen327 273]"/> \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|19 Mar 1676}}\|\|1676, 19 Mar\|\|Married Geneviève Frémont d'Auneuil<ref name="FOOTNOTEAnselme1730[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsCpagen759 740]"/> \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|26 Jan 1679}}\|\|''1679, 26 Jan''\|\|''The [[Franco-Dutch War]] ended with the [[Treaties of Nijmegen]].''<ref name="FOOTNOTELynn1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailswarsoflouisxiv1600lynnpage156 156]"/> \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|31 Dec 1688}}\|\|1688, 31 Dec\|\|Made a knight of the [[Order of the Holy Spirit]].<ref name="FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen223 214]"/><ref name="FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen234 225]"/> \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|21 Mar 1691}}\|\|1691, 21 Mar\|\|Created Duke of Quintin-Lorge<ref name="FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1879a[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints01sainpage27 27, line 10]"/> \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|27 Sep 1692}}\|\|1692, 27 Sep\|\|Took [[Frederick Charles, Duke of Wurttemberg-Winnental\|Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental]] prisoner.<ref name="FOOTNOTEKugler1878[httpsarchiveorgdetailsallgemeinedeutsc08lilipage51 51]"/> \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|22 May 1693}}\|\|1693, 22 May\|\|Captured the city of [[Heidelberg]].<ref name="FOOTNOTELynn1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailswarsoflouisxiv1600lynnpage236 236]"/> \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|30 Oct 1697}}\|\|''1697, Oct''\|\|''The [[Peace of Ryswick]] ended the [[Nine Years' War]].''<ref name="FOOTNOTELynn1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailswarsoflouisxiv1600lynnpage262 262]"/> \|- \|{{Age\|22 Aug 1630\|22 Oct 1702}}\|\|1702, 22 Oct\|\|Died in Paris during a kidney-stone surgery<ref name="FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1967[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoricalmemoir0001sainpage201 201]"/> \|} == Notes and references == === Notes === {{Notelist}} === Citations === {{Reflist}} === Sources === {{Refbegin\|30em\|indent=yes}} * {{Cite book\|last=Anselme \|first=Père \|author-link=Père Anselme \|date=1730 \|title=Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France \|edition=Troisième édition \|volume=Tome cinquième \|publisher=Compagnie des libraires associez \|___location=Paris \|language=fr \|oclc=831196124 \|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsC/}} – Dukes (for Durfort) * {{Cite book\|last=Anselme \|first=Père \|author-link=Père Anselme \|date=1733 \|title=Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France \|edition=Troisième édition \|volume=Tome neuvième \|publisher=Compagnie des libraires associez \|___location=Paris \|language=fr \|oclc=831196155 \|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiregnalogiq09anse/}} – Knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit and general index * {{Cite book\|last=Cokayne \|first=George Edward \|author-link=George Edward Cokayne \|date=1890 \|title=Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant \|edition=1st \|volume=III \|publisher=[[George Bell and Sons]] \|___location=London \|oclc=1180838776 \|url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerage03cokahrish/}} – D to F (for Feversham) * {{Cite book\|editor-last=Daniell \|editor-first=Francis Henry Blackburne \|date=1907 \|title=Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, March 1st, 1675 to February 29th, 1676, Preserved in the Public Record Office. \|publisher=[[His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office]] \|___location=London \|oclc=1181376745 \|url=https://archive.org/details/calendarstatepa00levagoog/}} – 1675 to 1676 * {{Cite book\|last=Deschamps \|first=Nicolas \|date=1756 \|title=Mémoires des deux dernières campagnes de Monsieur de Turenne en Allemagne \|publisher=Charles-Antoine Jombert \|___location=Paris \|language=fr \|oclc=28046845 \|url=https://archive.org/details/mmoiresdesdeuxd00turegoog/}} * {{Cite encyclopedia\|last=Kugler \|first=Bernhard von \|author-link=Bernhard von Kugler \|editor-last=Liliencron \|editor-first=Rochus von \|editor-link=Rochus von Liliencron \|date=1878 \|title=Friedrich Karl, Herzog von Württemberg-Winnenthal \|encyclopedia=Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie \|volume=Achter Band \|publisher=Duncker & Humblot \|___location=Leipzig \|pages=50–52 \|language=de \|oclc=309922836 \|url=https://archive.org/details/allgemeinedeutsc08lili/page/50/}} * {{Cite book\|last=La Chesnaye des Bois \|first=François Alexandre Aubert de \|author-link=François-Alexandre Aubert de La Chesnaye Des Bois \|date=1865 \|title=Dictionnaire de la noblesse \|edition=3rd \|volume=Tome septième \|publisher=Schlesinger Frères \|___location=Paris \|language=fr \|oclc=797014713 \|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela07aube/}} – DOU to FEV (for Durfort) * {{Cite book\|last=Longueville \|first=Thomas \|date=1907 \|title=Marshal Turenne \|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. \|___location=London \|oclc=665146146 \|url=https://archive.org/details/marshalturenne00longuoft/}} * {{Cite book\|last=Lynn \|first=John A. \|author-link=John A. Lynn \|date=1999 \|title=The Wars of Louis XIV 1667–1714 \|publisher=[[Longman]] \|___location=Harlow, England \|isbn=978-0-582-05629-9 \|url=https://archive.org/details/warsoflouisxiv1600lynn/ \|url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book\|last=Metzger \|first=Johann \|date=1829 \|title=Beschreibung des Heidelberger Schlosses und Gartens \|trans-title=Description of Heidelberg Castle and Garden \|publisher=August Osswald \|___location=Heidelberg \|language=de \|oclc=165895832 \|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3eo-AAAAcAAJ}} * {{Cite book\|last=Saint-Simon \|first=Louis de Rouvroy, duc de \|author-link=Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon \|translator-last=Norton \|translator-first=Lucy \|date=1967 \|title=Historical Memoirs of the Duc de Saint-Simon\|volume=I \|publisher=Hamish Hamilton \|___location=London \|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoir0001lucy/}} – 1691 to 1709 * {{Cite book\|last=Quincy \|first=Charles Sevin de \|author-link=Charles Sevin de Quincy \|date=1726a \|title=Histoire militaire du règne de Louis le Grand \|trans-title=Military History of the Reign of Louis the Great \|volume=I \|publisher=Denis Mariette \|___location=Paris \|language=fr \|oclc=23619104 \|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k123111h}} – 1643 to 1681 (for the Siege of Maastricht) * {{Cite book\|last=Quincy \|first=Charles Sevin de \|date=1726b \|title=Histoire militaire du règne de Louis le Grand \|trans-title=Military History of the Reign of Louis the Great \|volume=II \|publisher=Denis Mariette \|___location=Paris \|language=fr \|oclc=23619104 \|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k123123m}} – 1681 to 1693 * {{Cite book\|last=Quincy \|first=Charles Sevin de \|date=1726c \|title=Histoire militaire du règne de Louis le Grand \|trans-title=Military History of the Reign of Louis the Great \|volume=III \|publisher=Denis Mariette \|___location=Paris \|language=fr \|oclc=312096140 \|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5327374877}} – 1694 to 1702 * {{Cite book\|last=Saint-Simon \|first=Louis de Rouvroy, duc de \|author-link=Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon \|editor-last=Boislisle \|editor-first=Arthur de \|date=1879a \|title=Mémoires du duc de Saint-Simon \|volume=Tome premier \|publisher=[[Hachette (publisher)\|Hachette]] \|___location=Paris \|language=fr \|oclc=1068033585 \|url=https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints01sain/}} – 1691 to 1693 * {{Cite book\|last=Saint-Simon \|first=Louis de Rouvroy, duc de \|author-link=Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon \|editor-last=Boislisle \|editor-first=Arthur de \|date=1879b \|title=Mémoires du duc de Saint-Simon \|volume=Tome second \|publisher=[[Hachette (publisher)\|Hachette]] \|___location=Paris \|language=fr \|oclc=1068033585 \|url=https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints02sain/}} – 1694 to 1695 {{Refend}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lorges, Guy Aldonce De Durfort De}} [[Category:1630 births]] [[Category:1702 deaths]] [[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Calvinism]] [[Category:Dukes of Lorges]] [[Category:French military personnel of the Nine Years' War]] [[Category:French military personnel of the Franco-Dutch War]] [[Category:Marshals of France]] [[Category:House of Durfort]] [[Category:17th-century French nobility]]