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==
"Loudspeaker" is a somewhat dated term, and is typically reserved for larger systems such as those used in schools, auditoriums and outdoor venues. Speaker also turns up more results on Google. [[User:Ticklewickleukulele|Ticklewickleukulele]] ([[User talk:Ticklewickleukulele|talk]]) 05:03, 15 August 2015 (UTC)
* '''Oppose''' per [[WP:NC]], which says to use a name that is as concise as possible. ''Loudspeaker'' is more concise than the suggested solutions. As well, the term "loudspeaker" is used quite a lot in professional sound, in all English-speaking countries. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 06:35, 15 August 2015 (UTC)
** {{u|Binksternet}}, how is ''Loudspeaker'' more concise than ''Speaker''? '''Jargon''' used in professional circles aside, the COMMONNAME for the devices described in this article is '''''speakers'''''. It is exactly as the OP has said: in the real world", "loudspeaker" means either the intercom/speakers systems used in grade schools, the speakers in auditoriums that are connected to a microphone on a stand that a person speaks into, or an electronic megaphone (as opposed to the original accoustic type of megaphone) is often called a 'loudspeaker'. But ''nobody'' in the lay public calls their radio or stereo speakers, etc, 'loudspeakers'. They're just 'speakers'! This is a problem, it requires a fair amount of digging through the article before even a notion that the article subject is actually what most people just call "speakers" forms, and the article itself doesn't even take matter up. I was not entirely sure until after i tried to search for "speaker" and saw that this was the only relevant article.
So, what say ye to that? [[User:Firejuggler86|Firejuggler86]] ([[User talk:Firejuggler86|talk]]) 21:51, 14 July 2021 (UTC)
**: The OP was suggesting a parenthetical word "electronics" tacked on the end. I was saying that the slightly longer word ''loudspeaker'' is a better choice because it is more concise than adding a parenthetical disambiguation of any sort. ''Loudspeaker'' is shorter than "Speaker (electronics)". I don't see any need to move the article. It's not broken. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 22:01, 14 July 2021 (UTC)
**: I was ignoring the suggestion of a move to "speaker" because it seems absurd to me. That word also means a person who is speaking. I doubt anyone would consider the electrodynamic noise maker to be a more prominent usage than "person who is speaking" which predates it by millennia. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 22:04, 14 July 2021 (UTC)
* '''Oppose''' - ''Loudspeaker'' is less ambiguous than ''Speaker'' and more concise than ''Speaker (electronics)''. ~[[User:Kvng|Kvng]] ([[User talk:Kvng|talk]]) 15:48, 17 July 2021 (UTC)
==Suggest merge September 2019 ==
{{Archive top |result=Merged by {{u|Wtshymanski}} 21 December 2019}}
[[Field coil loudspeaker]] is very short and mostly recaps the discussion at this page. It could be merged to put these devices in context. --[[User:Wtshymanski|Wtshymanski]] ([[User talk:Wtshymanski|talk]]) 17:17, 10 September 2019 (UTC)
{{Archive bottom}}
== Spin off content on dynamic loudspeakers to new article and convert to overview ==
The current state of the article comes across as a clumsy combination of two different types of article. On one hand, there's the broad overview of the various aspects of loudspeakers in general (technology types, crossovers, general history, etc). On the other hand, there's a lot of detail on dynamic speakers.
Perhaps a better treatment of the subject would be to convert this page into a technology-neutral overview article and move the content that's specifically about dynamic loudspeakers off into a new article (I would suggest the more formal "Electrodynamic Loudspeaker" as the title for the spin-off article), leaving just a single-paragraph overview on this one like the other technologies have. [[User:Roxor128|Roxor128]] ([[User talk:Roxor128|talk]]) 03:15, 2 April 2021 (UTC)
* '''Support''' ~[[User:Kvng|Kvng]] ([[User talk:Kvng|talk]]) 13:51, 4 April 2021 (UTC)
* '''Support'''--[[User:Tucvbif|Tucvbif]] ([[User talk:Tucvbif|talk]]) 12:23, 27 June 2021 (UTC)
* '''Support'''—[[User:ZFT|ZFT]] ([[User talk:ZFT|talk]]) 04:42, 5 September 2021 (UTC)
* '''Support''' —[[User:Gutten på Hemsen|Gutten på Hemsen]] ([[User talk:Gutten på Hemsen|talk]]) 18:28, 2 April 2022 (UTC)
There seems to be good support for this but there is an apparently conflicting counterproposal at [[Talk:Electrodynamic speaker driver#Merge into Loudspeaker? (2022)]]. Does anyone else want to weigh in on this? <!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Kvng|Kvng]] ([[User talk:Kvng#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kvng|contribs]]) 19:28, 6 December 2022 (UTC)</small>
== Scope of article is "speaker (audio equipment)", not "loudspeaker", which is a subset thereof; thus, the article title should be changed ==
The scope of the article is "speaker (audio equipment)", not "loudspeaker", which is semantically a subset thereof; thus, the article title should be changed. The article is about *all* speakers, from big loud ones down to small quiet ones such as those used in [[headphones]]. I will move this article to the accurate title unless anyone can present a credible argument for not doing so. [[User:Quercus solaris|Quercus solaris]] ([[User talk:Quercus solaris|talk]]) 17:05, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
: Update: Done. Lede includes wikilinks to [[headphones]] (for small, quiet speakers) and to [[loudness]] (for loudspeakers). [[User:Quercus solaris|Quercus solaris]] ([[User talk:Quercus solaris|talk]]) 22:10, 12 January 2022 (UTC)
* '''Oppose''' - There is no support in the article body for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speaker_%28audio_equipment%29&type=revision&diff=1065309493&oldid=1065308272 recently added statement] in the lead that ''loudspeaker'' is distinguishable from ''speaker'' (based on the distance to the listener). AFAIK the two terms are synonyms (I welcome references that indicate otherwise) and our choice of ''loudspeaker'' as the article title simply distinguishes the device from [[Speaker|other usage of the term]]. [[Loudspeaker]] is a more concise and therefore a better disambiguation than [[Speaker (audio equipment)]]. The title change should be reverted. ~[[User:Kvng|Kvng]] ([[User talk:Kvng|talk]]) 19:20, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
* {{strike|'''Support'''}} - [[WP:COMMONNAME]] would have a role here, because no layperson calls the speaker in an earphone a "loudspeaker". That broader [[word sense|sense of the word]] may well be a technical term of art of audio engineers, but it's not a common/layperson name for the whole class (speakers from small and quiet to large and loud), whereas "speaker" is. Regarding the conciseness argument, the length of the two character strings is neither different enough to matter nor, within sensible limits, inherently relevant to article title choices per [[WP:COMMONNAME]]. [[User:Quercus solaris|Quercus solaris]] ([[User talk:Quercus solaris|talk]]) 04:20, 20 January 2022 (UTC)
*: Striking your duplicate bolded !vote, because you are the one who proposed this. We already know that you support your own proposal. [[User talk:Scottywong|<span style="font:bold 15px 'Bradley Hand','Bradley Hand ITC';color:#044;text-shadow:0 0 4px #033,0 0 10px #077;"> —⁠Scotty<span style="color:#fff;">Wong</span>⁠— </span>]] 16:58, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
* '''Strong oppose''' - The proposer seems to mistakenly believe that a loudspeaker is a subset of speakers; i.e., a speaker that is loud, as compared to a speaker that is quiet. Of course, this couldn't be further from the truth. "Loudspeaker" is the correct term to describe all such transducers, regardless of their maximum potential for loudness. If you take a closer look at reference #1 in the article (which is used as a source for the first sentence of the lead, which erroneously defines loudspeaker as a speaker that is "audible at a distance"), you'll notice that the source exclusively uses the word "loudspeaker", and never defines it as the subset of speakers that are audible at a distance. I am confident that there is no reliable source that describes it this way, therefore I'm removing that from the lead immediately. While there might be some merit to the argument that [[WP:COMMONNAME]] requires us to use "speaker" because it's used somewhat more commonly than "loudspeaker", I disagree with that as well. "Loudspeaker" is used quite commonly, especially within the audio industry and more technical sources. It's not an uncommon name at all. Also, [[WP:CRITERIA]] shows that there is more to choosing a title than just finding the most common term; there are other considerations like concision, naturalness, and precision. I would submit that "Speaker (audio equipment)" is neither natural nor concise. In my view, resorting to a parenthetical phrase to disambiguate a title is almost never preferable if there is a viable alternative, and it's evidence that the current title is less precise, since a "speaker" could also be a person that is speaking. (Interestingly enough, in my audio education I was always taught to refer to people that are speaking as "talkers" instead of "speakers" to avoid the ambiguity.) I agree that the title should be reverted. If it cannot be shown that there is consensus for this page move in a reasonable amount of time, the title should be reverted back to the long-term status quo of "Loudspeaker". [[User talk:Scottywong|<span style="font:bold 15px 'Bradley Hand','Bradley Hand ITC';color:#044;text-shadow:0 0 4px #033,0 0 10px #077;"> —⁠Scotty<span style="color:#fff;">Wong</span>⁠— </span>]] 16:58, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
:: Update: I've moved the page back to [[Loudspeaker]]. While I appreciate Quercus solaris' [[WP:BRD|bold]] change to the page title in an attempt to improve the article, there is no clear consensus for this change, and there are several editors who oppose the change. Therefore, I believe it is best to leave the page at its original title until a clear consensus emerges to move the page to a new title. I'm also quite confident that there are no reliable sources that will back up the assertion that a loudspeaker is a subset of speakers that are audible at a distance. Since this discussion attracted relatively few participants, I think we should leave this discussion open to see if any other interested editors express their opinion here. [[User talk:Scottywong|<span style="font:bold 15px 'Bradley Hand','Bradley Hand ITC';color:#044;text-shadow:0 0 4px #033,0 0 10px #077;"> —⁠Scotty<span style="color:#fff;">Wong</span>⁠— </span>]] 19:07, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
== Potential Diagram of electric signal -> sound waves ==
I made a diagram showing how sound data files are turned into sound waves for my online textbook, and I thought it might also be informative for this article:
[[File:Sound wave animation.gif|400px|The process of sound data turning into sound waves coming out of a speaker.]]
Edit: I noticed that the thumbnail sizes for this gif aren't animated, I'll have to figure out what to change for wikimedia commons to accept it. Edit: fixed
I think I got the physics correct on this (minus air resistance, etc.), though I am not 100% positive. Also, I recognize that most of the time, the coil is in the speaker diaphragm, but I thought it would be easier understand if they were drawn separately.
Does this diagram look informative? Did I get the physics of it basically correct?
Also the wikimedia commons page has a link to the animation source file if anyone wants to modify it themselves. [[User:KyleThayer|KyleThayer]] ([[User talk:KyleThayer|talk]]) 20:28, 23 January 2025 (UTC)
: It would be better to have the paper cone move the farthest to the right at the same moment the highest electrical level is reached, after which the arc of a sound wave leaves the cone.
: Even better would be a visual representation of molecules in the air getting compressed and rarefacted by the paper cone: compressed by the cone moving to the right, and rarefacted by the cone moving to the left. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 20:40, 23 January 2025 (UTC)
:: I like the rarefaction link you put below! I don't know how to represent that in the more cartoon style I've done here (and I don't know the animation program well either).
:: As for when the cone is at the furthest right, I am trying to separate out the being pushed to the right (which happens when the cone is on the left) vs. when it is positioned furthest to the right (and being pulled left).
:: My understanding is that the current in the sound data relates to the force on the diaphragm, not the position, and I wanted to capture that. Though I am not completely confident of the physics here. [[User:KyleThayer|KyleThayer]] ([[User talk:KyleThayer|talk]]) 21:12, 23 January 2025 (UTC)
::: You're right that the timing of the paper cone peak is later than the electrical peak, but it's a very small time, and it is frequency dependent, being larger for low frequencies, something like 100 milliseconds for 30 Hz, partly because of crossover filtering, and partly because of mechanical properties. But for the layperson, a lot of visible delay is confusing. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 21:40, 23 January 2025 (UTC)
:::: Thanks for the response, I didn't know about the frequency dependent thing and stuff.
:::: I'd like to run through my reasoning and see if it makes sense or where my error is:
::::* Note: I'm going to ignore air resistance, the spring force the diaphragm makes, etc., and just focus on the electromagnetic force
::::* I believe the computer representation is of the current (e.g., amperage) going through the coil
::::* This amperage then causes an electromagnetic force between the voice coil and the magnet
::::* Since the amperage is force, this makes the diaphragm velocity the first integral.
::::** Since the amperage/force is a sine wave, the integral is negative cosine (or a 90°, or 1/4 loop delay)
::::* The diaphragm position is then the integral of the velocity, which since it is negative cosine is negative sine (or a 180°, or a 1/2 loop delay)
:::: Does that logic make sense?
:::: Also, part of why I want to separate those out is that this means for things more complicated than a sine wave, the resulting position of the diaphragm might be quite different than the appearance of the computer/current wave. E.g., a square wave of current would produce a diaphragm position of a wave of alternating parabolas (ignoring air resistance etc.), and the diaphragm position would look much closer to a sine wave than like a square wave. [[User:KyleThayer|KyleThayer]] ([[User talk:KyleThayer|talk]]) 00:17, 24 January 2025 (UTC)
::::: Your logic is good. If the delay is kept, as you've argued so well, I would include a mention of it in the image caption. Staying in general terms. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 02:34, 24 January 2025 (UTC)
:::::: Thanks! I'll first try to re-render the animation when I get a chance so it will still animate when shown in thumbnailed (wikimedia commons says I have to have width × height × number of frames ≤ 100 million). Then I'll try to figure out where in the article it best fits, and make sure to include in the captions why the diaphragm position is delayed by half a cycle.
:::::: I'm also still trying to think through the logic of a microphone, which I think should just be the same backward, but I'm still trying to parse all the induction laws and stuff (it's been a long time since my physics classes). [[User:KyleThayer|KyleThayer]] ([[User talk:KyleThayer|talk]]) 02:58, 24 January 2025 (UTC)
::::::: The difference between theory and practice... you know the joke. Regarding practice, [https://www.prosoundweb.com/why-the-wait-a-practical-exploration-of-group-delay-from-subwoofers/ Ethan Winer and Bill Eppler performed some tests] to determine the delay between electrical peak and paper cone peak. You might be interested. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 03:24, 24 January 2025 (UTC)
::: I might have just talked myself out of the diaphragm motion offset. I think for a sine wave offset by half a cycle versus closely matching the cycle depends on what dominates in countering the magnetic force: the kinetic energy of the sound coil, or the potential spring energy of the suspension.
::: For example, if we have a square wave and it is at a low enough frequency, then when we are in the middle of one direction of the square wave, there is time for the coil to move until the spring force balances with the electromagnetic force. Given air resistance and friction, the coil will stabilize and sit at that position until the square wave switches direction. We would then have the diaphragm motion roughly following the square wave pattern passed in (but a little off for the coil to move from one side to the other, and bounce a little before air resistance and friction stop the bouncing).
::: If, on the other hand, we have a square wave at a high enough frequency where the kinetic energy is high and it doesn't have enough time to move too much to the sides to get much spring force, then the coil will just accelerate in a parabola for each direction of the square wave. This would make the diaphragm motion pretty close to a sine wave.
::: If the frequency is somewhere in between, then it will be some complicated combination of the two (whatever complicated thing the differential equations spit out).
::: So that makes me wonder if the different speaker designs for different frequencies are about making sure the spring force of the suspension dominates the motion, and not the kinetic energy of the coil. [[User:KyleThayer|KyleThayer]] ([[User talk:KyleThayer|talk]]) 15:37, 24 January 2025 (UTC)
:::: One thing's for sure: when aligning different bandpasses in time it's easier for sound system designers to measure the actual results from different bandpasses than it is to <s>calculate</s> guess about the upstream factors, which are extremely complicated. Some crossover sales brochures of decades past boasted about how their high and low outputs summed together exactly, but this was always a nonsensical boast because the high and low bandpasses had very different mechanical characteristics, making different time arrivals. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 16:10, 24 January 2025 (UTC)
:::: I was pointed to [https://www.reddit.com/r/audioengineering/comments/ixfb26/loudspeaker_movement/ a reddit thread] where someone argued for the offset/acceleration version of motion. They also included using [https://imgur.com/CogCbdu a high speed camera to film a speaker playing a square wave and a sine wave], and they looked very similar. It's nice to see a theory explanation tied to at least one piece of actual experimental data!
:::: So I think that means that my diagram was correct for a first pass approximation for how sound data is turned into diaphragm motion and sound (though ignoring amplifiers, bandpasses, resonances and other forces that inevitably complicate things).
:::: I'll try to update the caption at some point when I get a chance and add it to the page.
:::: Thanks for the discussion @[[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]]! [[User:KyleThayer|KyleThayer]] ([[User talk:KyleThayer|talk]]) 17:59, 25 January 2025 (UTC)
: A circular pattern of compression and rarefaction can be seen at [[:File:Spherical_pressure_waves.gif]]. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 20:42, 23 January 2025 (UTC)
: Yes, the animation is informative. Nice job! It may be worth noting that the electromagnetic force is generated by the interaction of the dynamic magnetic field from the coil and the static field of a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet is not shown and that's a significant omission. ~[[User:Kvng|Kvng]] ([[User talk:Kvng|talk]]) 23:43, 30 January 2025 (UTC)
:I went back to try to understand how speakers work theoretically a bit better, and ended up on the differential equation / solutions for [[Harmonic_oscillator#Driven harmonic oscillators|Driven damped harmonic oscillators]] where you can calculate how the phase shift for the steady state solution, which is dependent on the frequency:<math display="block"> \varphi = \arctan\left(\frac{2\omega \omega_0\zeta}{\omega^2 - \omega_0^2} \right) + n\pi</math> So having the diaphragm position match the sound data, or having it be delayed look to me like both are valid options. See in particular this demo: [[File:Phaseshift_across_resonance_(forced_harmonic_oscillator).gif|none|alt= If you drive a (damped) harmonic oscillator at low frequency, the oscillations will follow the forcing. If the frequency increases the oscillations will start lagging behind, and (after the resonance) they will be exactly out of phase with the forcing.]] Anyway, I'll probably go back and still try to update the diagram by adding a greyed out magnet in the background for the wire coil to react to, and maybe try to have the wire coil move back and forth to. Then I'll include in the description that the diaphragm motion doesn't necessarily match the sound wave data since it is a complicated dynamic system as a [[Harmonic_oscillator#Driven harmonic oscillators|Driven damped harmonic oscillators]]. I also gathered some example simulations, including some I tried with square waves here in wikimedia commons: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Driven%20harmonic%20oscillators Category:Driven harmonic oscillators] [[User:KyleThayer|KyleThayer]] ([[User talk:KyleThayer|talk]]) 00:53, 11 July 2025 (UTC)
::Though the math is a bit over my head, I believe [[Minimum phase]] is useful in helping to describe this behavior of loudspeakers. Keep in mind that many sounds are recorded by microphones which do the same thing in reverse and so I believe the two cancel. In any case, our ears are fairly insensitive to these phase details. ~[[User:Kvng|Kvng]] ([[User talk:Kvng|talk]]) 15:13, 11 July 2025 (UTC)
:::I updated the diagram with a magnet and making the coil move.
:::Also, thanks for pointing to "minimum phase!" I've tried to read up on it some (a bit over my head too). It looks to me like speaker drivers are generally a "minimum phase" system, which I think basically means that they are reversible (hence why a microphone recording played on a speaker still sounds the same). But that doesn't mean that there isn't still a phase delay. For example, according to this site on [https://testhifi.com/2019/07/05/loudspeaker-phase-response/ | Loudspeaker Phase Response], "A basic example of phase lag would be the inertia of a woofer due to it’s moving mass. With increasing frequency the excursion lags behind the driving signal."
:::I for now am keeping the speaker driver delayed behind the signal, to communicate that the driver position isn't exactly the same as the electrical signal. Since I thought a 90 degree phase delay looked good and is the phase delay for a sine wave at the frequency of <math display="inline">\omega_0</math> (undamped angular frequency of the oscillator), I used the 90 degree delay. [[User:KyleThayer|KyleThayer]] ([[User talk:KyleThayer|talk]]) 19:00, 30 July 2025 (UTC)
::::Yes, there's a delay: The current through the coil imposes a force on the diaphragm which causes it to accelerate which then causes it to move. ~[[User:Kvng|Kvng]] ([[User talk:Kvng|talk]]) 19:05, 30 July 2025 (UTC)
:::::Sounds good, I've added the diagram to the Electrodynamic speaker driver "design" section, which is excerpted, and tried to make a caption that makes sense. Hopefully that's all good. [[User:KyleThayer|KyleThayer]] ([[User talk:KyleThayer|talk]]) 19:19, 30 July 2025 (UTC)
== Moving Coil History? ==
The section on the history of the loud speaker mentions Siemens' improvements to earlier designs. If you look at the page for [[Werner_von_Siemens#Later_years]] it says that his work in 1877 was for a dynamic speaker. The section on the history of the loud speaker also describes this work as an improvement to a loud speaker (tho the Siemens page does not).
This seems to suggest that the Moving Coil section in History should actually begin with Siemens' work, not with Lodge's, given the 25 year lead. What were the functional differences between Lodge's design and Siemens' such that it makes sense to start with Lodge? [[User:Augur|Augur]] ([[User talk:Augur|talk]]) 20:47, 24 June 2025 (UTC)
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