Ileana Sonnabend: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 19:15, 14 ago 2013

Versione attuale delle 06:27, 1 giu 2024

(19 versioni intermedie di 17 utenti non mostrate)

Riga 1:

{{S|biografiecollezionisti}}

{{Bio

|Nome = Ileana

Riga 16 ⟶ 15:

|Attività = gallerista

|Attività2 = mercante d'arte

|Attività3 =

|AttivitàAltre =

|Nazionalità = rumena

|NazionalitàNaturalizzato = statunitense

Riga 23 ⟶ 20:

}}

La ''Galleria Sonnabend'' aperta a [[Parigi]] nel [[1962]] è stata determinante nella diffusione e sponsorizzazione in [[Europa]] dell'arte americana del [[Anni 1960|periodo]], con particolare attenzione dedicata alla corrente [[Pop Art]]. Nel [[1970]], GalleriaIleana Sonnabend ha apertoaprì una filiale della galleria a New York, in [[Madison Avenue]] e nel [[1971]] si trasferì nella [[Grande Mela]], al 420 di West [[Broadway]], dove divenne unouna delle principali protagoniste che resero [[SoHo (New York)|SoHo]] il centro d'[[arte]] internazionale.<ref name=SoHo>{{cita web |lingua = en |autore = Wim Delvoye |url = http://dialoguetalk.org/wim-delvoye/dreaming-to-become-chinese/ |titolo = Dreaming To Become Chinese |opera sito= dialoguetalk.org |accesso =15 agosto 15-08-2013}}</ref> Vi risiedette fino ai primi [[Anni 1990|anni novanta]].<ref name=SoHo /> La galleria di New York ha notevolmente implementato la conoscenza e la contaminazione delle correnti tra l'[[Arte occidentale|arte europea e americana]] dei [[Anni 1970|'70settanta]], questa volta basata sull'[[arte concettuale]] e [[arte povera]]. Inoltre ha notificato l'arte concettuale e [[Minimalismo|minimale]] americana. Nel [[1986]], il cosiddetto spettacolo "Neo-Geo" ha reso celebre l'artista [[Jeff Koons]]. Alla fine degli anni novanta, la galleria viene trasferita a [[Chelsea (New York)|Chelsea]], continuando la sua attività anche dopo la morte di Ileana Sonnabend.<ref>{{cita news |lingua = en |autore = Roberta Smith |url = httphttps://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/24/arts/24sonnabend.html |titolo = Ileana Sonnabend, Art World Figure, Dies at 92. |pubblicazione = [[New York Times]] |data =24 ottobre 24-10-2007 |accesso =15 agosto 15-08-2013}}</ref> <!-- The gallery goes on showing the work of artists who rose to prominence in the 1960s and 1970s like [[Robert Morris (artist)|Robert Morris]], [[Bernd and Hilla Becher]] and [[Gilbert & George]] as well as more recent artists like [[Jeff Koons]], Rona Pondick, [[Candida Höfer]], Elger Esser, and Clifford Ross among others.

==Life and work==

Sonnabend was born Ileana Schapira in Bucharest to a [[Romanian Jewish]] father, Mihail Schapira, and his [[Vienna|Viennese]] wife, Marianne Strate-Felber.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/24/arts/24sonnabend.html?pagewanted=all New York Times: "Ileana Sonnabend, Art World Figure, Dies at 92"] By ROBERTA SMITH] October 24, 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/02/arts/design/02smit.html New York Times: "A Charismatic Artist Who Was Known for Talk" By ROBERTA SMITH] December 2, 2005</ref><ref>[http://www.arcadja.com/artmagazine/en/2011/07/06/ileana-sonnabend-venice-celebrates-the-great-20th-century-art-%E2%80%9Chunter%E2%80%9D/ Arcada Art magazine: "Ileana Sonnabend: Venice Celebrates The Great 20Th-Century Art 'Hunter'"] July 6, 2011</ref>

Her father, Mihail Schapira, was a successful businessman and financial advisor to King [[Carol II of Romania]]. Sonnabend was, for many years, married to [[Leo Castelli]] whom she met in Bucharest in 1932 and married soon after. The couple had a daughter, Nina Sundell.<ref>Anthony Haden-Guest, [http://www.artnet.com/magazine_pre2000/features/haden-guest/haden-guest8-23-99.asp "The Roving Eye"], ''artnet.com'', August 23, 1999.</ref> She and her husband left Europe during the 1940s and settled in New York City. During the 1940s her mother Marianne Schapira divorced her father and met and married the Russian-born [[United States|American]] painter [[John D. Graham]]<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/24/arts/24sonnabend.html?ex=1350964800&en=7ff3f5e50288a7f4&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink Smith, Roberta. "Ileana Sonnabend, Art World Figure, Dies at 92." New York Times, October 24, 2007.]</ref> (who was a mentor figure to artists such as [[Jackson Pollock]], [[Willem de Kooning]], and [[Arshile Gorky]]). Graham also became a mentor to Ileana and Leo by introducing them to his artist friends in the New York art world. In 1950, the couple curated a show of young American and European painters which included both [[Jean Dubuffet]] and [[Mark Rothko]].<ref>Charles Darwent (October 27, 2007), [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ileana-sonnabend-395408.html Ileana Sonnabend - Queen of the SoHo art world] ''[[The Independent]]''.</ref> After divorcing Castelli (with whom she remained lifelong friends) in 1959 she married Polish-born [[Michelangelo]] scholar Michael Sonnabend whom she had met during the 1940s.

Two years later, they opened Galerie Ileana Sonnabend on Quai des Grands Augustins in Paris, where she introduced art by [[Andy Warhol]], [[Roy Lichtenstein]] and others, and helped establish a European market for their work.<ref>Mary Rourke (October 27, 2007), [http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/27/local/me-sonnabend27 Ileana Sonnabend, 92; influential N.Y. art dealer, collector] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.</ref> In 1965 they acquired an additional apartment on Calle del Dose in Venice.<ref>Lisa Zeitz (August 8, 2011), [http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/kunstmarkt/galerien/sammlung-ileana-sonnabend-dies-ist-ein-italienisches-portraet-11106898.html Dies ist ein italienisches Porträt] ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]''.</ref> In 1968, the couple closed the Paris showroom and moved back to New York. At one time the couple thought that Michael Sonnabend would run the New York gallery while Ileana oversaw their Paris establishment, but he soon found that the art business did not suit him.<ref>[[Roberta Smith]] (June 6, 2001), [http://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/06/arts/michael-sonnabend-101-downtown-art-impresario.html Michael Sonnabend, 101, Downtown Art Impresario] ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref>

In 1971, she opened the [[Sonnabend Gallery]], in a building at 420 W. Broadway in Soho. The industrial chic restoration instantly became the center of the emerging SoHo art scene.<ref>Mary Rourke (October 27, 2007), [http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/27/local/me-sonnabend27 Ileana Sonnabend, 92; influential N.Y. art dealer, collector] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.</ref> She inaugurated her gallery with a performance by [[Gilbert & George]]. She exhibited American artists like [[Jeff Koons]] and [[Vito Acconci]], and introduced European artists like [[Christo]], [[Georg Baselitz]], and [[Jannis Kounellis]], to U.S. audiences.<ref>Richard Kostelanetz (ed.) [http://books.google.com/books?id=NZX85xdr6boC&pg=PA244&dq=gilbert+and+george+sonnabend&hl=en&ei=s-BrTIewIpWVOLrXqXE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=gilbert%20and%20george%20sonnabend&f=false A Dictionary of the Avant-Gardes] (London: Routledge, 2001), p. 244</ref> When the performance artist [[Vito Acconci]] announced that his performance piece ''Seedbed'' called for him to masturbate in her gallery for two weeks in 1972, Sonnabend simply replied, "You do what you have to do."<ref>Charles Darwent (October 27, 2007), [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ileana-sonnabend-395408.html Ileana Sonnabend - Queen of the SoHo art world] ''[[The Independent]]''.</ref>

In 2000, after she had closed her other galleries, Sonnabend and her adopted son Antonio Homem moved the SoHo gallery to West 22nd Street in the Chelsea district.<ref>Mary Rourke (October 27, 2007), [http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/27/local/me-sonnabend27 Ileana Sonnabend, 92; influential N.Y. art dealer, collector] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.</ref>

==Collection==

After Sonnabend’s death in October 2007 at the age of 92, the estate tax return pegged her total worth at $876 million, triggering a $471m tax bill.<ref>Janet Novack (March 12, 2012), [http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2012/0312/leaderboard-death-irs-invents-chinese-billionaire.html Death and Taxes] ''[[Forbes]]''.</ref> Her heirs subsequently sold a portion of her postwar-art collection for $600 million—reportedly the largest private sale in history.<ref>"[http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/32299/newsmakers-19992009/ Newsmakers: 1999–2009]." ''[[Art+Auction]]'', September 2009.</ref> Although the family had been in talks with the auction houses, they chose to sell parts of the collection privately because of the uncertainties surrounding the financial markets during the [[Late-2000s financial crisis|2008 crisis]]. Backed by members of the [[House of Thani|Al Thani family]],<ref>Colin Gleadell (May 20, 2008), [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/artsales/3673523/Art-sales-super-rich-send-prices-soaring.html Art sales: super-rich send prices soaring] ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.</ref> the art-dealers collective GPS Partners purchased $400m of paintings and sculptures dating mainly from the 1960s on behalf of private clients. This first cache is said to have included [[Jeff Koons]]’s 1986 sculpture ''Rabbit'', which has been valued in excess of $80 million, as well as [[Roy Lichtenstein]]’s cartoon painting ''Eddie Diptych'' (1962), [[Cy Twombly]]’s abstract ''Blue Room'' (1957) and [[Andy Warhol]]’s ''Silver Disaster'' (1963), one of the artist’s paintings of an electric chair. The second transaction, a selection of paintings by Warhol, was sold to [[Gagosian Gallery]] for a reported $200m.<ref>Charmaine Picard (May 1, 2008), [http://theartnewspaper.com/articles/Sonnabend-estate-sold-for-600m/8510 Sonnabend estate sold for $600m] ''The Art Newspaper''.</ref> Among the Warhols sold by the heirs are ''Four Marilyns'' (1962); two paintings of [[Elizabeth Taylor]]; and three small paintings from the artist’s “Death and Disaster” series.<ref>Carol Vogel (April 4, 2008), [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/04/arts/design/04voge.html A Colossal Private Sale by the Heirs of a Dealer] ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref>

In 2011, 59 paintings, sculptures, and photographs by 46 artists, selected from Sonnabend's personal collection, were shown in "Ileana Sonnabend: An Italian Portrait" at the [[Peggy Guggenheim Collection]].<ref>[http://www.guggenheim.org/venice/exhibitions/3881 Ileana Sonnabend: An Italian Portrait, May 29–October 2, 2011] [[Peggy Guggenheim Collection]], Venice.</ref> -->

== Note ==

Riga 45 ⟶ 26:

== Collegamenti esterni ==

* {{Collegamenti esterni}}

* {{en}} [http://www.sonnabendgallery.com/ Sito ufficiale della ''Galleria Ileana Sonnabend'']

{{Controllo di autorità}}

[[Categoria:Personalità dell'ebraismo]]

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

[[Categoria:Ebrei statunitensi]]

[[de:Ileana Sonnabend]]

[[en:Ileana Sonnabend]]

[[fr:Ileana Sonnabend]]