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{{Short description|District of Toronto, Ontario, Canada}}
{{Use Canadian
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2023}}
<!-- Infobox begins -->
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Scarborough
| native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Administrative district and [[Amalgamation of Toronto|former city]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 2/1
| image1 = Scarborough City Centre.JPG
| image2 = Scarborough Bluffs - Laslovarga (45).jpg
| image3 = DawnInScarborough.jpg
}}
| image_caption = From top, left to right: [[Scarborough City Centre]], [[Scarborough Bluffs|Bluffers Park]], panoramic view of western Scarborough at dawn
| image_flag = Flag of Scarborough, Ontario.svg
| flag_size = 120px
| flag_link = Flag of Scarborough, Toronto
| image_shield = Scarborough, Ontario Coat of Arms.JPG
| shield_size = 80px
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_size =
| nickname =
| motto = ''Home Above the Bluffs''
| mapsize =
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=4|type=point|title=Scarborough|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}
| map_caption = Interactive map of Scarborough
| coordinates = {{Coord|43|45|21|N|79|13|51|W|region:CA-ON_type:city|notes=<ref>{{cite cgndb|id=FDQBU|title=Scarborough}}</ref>|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Canada
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_type2 = Municipality
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ontario]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Toronto]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| established_title = Incorporated
| established_date = {{plainlist|
* January 1, 1850 (township)
* January 1, 1967 (borough)
* June 1983 (city)
}}
| established_title2 = Changed region
| established_date2 = 1954 ([[Metropolitan Toronto]] from [[York County, Ontario|York County]])
| established_title3 = Amalgamated into Toronto
| established_date3 = January 1, 1998
| government_type =
| leader_title = [[Toronto City Council|Councillors]]
| leader_name = {{Collapsible list
|title = Ward councillors
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1=[[Parthi Kandavel]]
|2=[[Michael Thompson (Canadian politician)|Michael Thompson]]
|3=[[Nick Mantas]]
|4=[[Jamaal Myers]]
|5=[[Paul Ainslie]]
|6=''Vacant''}}
| leader_title1 = [[House of Commons of Canada|MPs]]
| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Federal reps
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1=[[Salma Zahid]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]])
|2=[[Jean Yip]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]])
|3=[[Shaun Chen (politician)|Shaun Chen]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]])
|4=[[John McKay (Ontario politician, born 1948)|John McKay]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]])
|5=[[Gary Anandasangaree|Gary Anadasangaree]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]])
|6=[[Bill Blair (politician)|Bill Blair]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]])}}
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes = <ref name="statcan" />
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 187.70
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| population_total = 629941
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/search-recherche/results-resultats.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=scarboroughe |publisher=Government of Canada |date=2021}}</ref>{{efn|name=combine|Population calculated by combining the populations of the six federal ridings.}}
| population_density_km2 = 3356.1
| population_metro =
| population_note =
| postal_code_type = Postal code span
| postal_code = M1(B-X)
| area_codes = [[Area codes 416, 647, and 437|416, 647, and 437]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[Legislative Assembly|MPPs]]
| leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Provincial reps
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1=[[Aris Babikian]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]])
|2=[[Doly Begum]] ([[New Democratic Party of Ontario|NDP]])
|3=[[Raymond Cho (politician)|Raymond Cho]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]])
|4=[[Andrea Hazell]] ([[Ontario Liberal Party|L]])
|5=[[David Smith (Toronto politician)|David Smith]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]])
|6=[[Vijay Thanigasalam]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]])}}
| timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset = – 05:00
| timezone_DST = EDT
| utc_offset_DST = – 04:00
}}<!-- Infobox ends -->
'''Scarborough''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|ɑːr|b|ʌr|oʊ}}; [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census]] 629,941) is a district of [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada. It is situated in the eastern part of the [[City of Toronto]]. Its borders are [[Victoria Park Avenue]] to the west, [[Steeles Avenue (Toronto)|Steeles Avenue]] and the city of [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]] to the north, [[Rouge River (Ontario)|Rouge River]] and the city of [[Pickering, Ontario|Pickering]] to the east, and [[Lake Ontario]] to the south. Scarborough was named after the English town of [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire]], inspired by its cliffs.
Scarborough, which was settled by Europeans in the 1790s, has grown from a collection of small rural villages and farms to become fully urbanized and diverse cultural community. Incorporated in 1850 as a township, the district became part of [[Metropolitan Toronto]] in 1953 and was reconstituted as a [[borough]] in 1967. The borough rapidly developed as a [[suburb]] of Toronto over the next decade and became a city in 1983. In 1998, the city and the rest of Metropolitan Toronto were [[Amalgamation of Toronto|amalgamated]] into the present city of Toronto. The [[Scarborough Civic Centre]] – the former city's last seat of government – is now used by the [[municipal government of Toronto]].
Since the end of the [[Second World War]], the district has been a popular destination for new [[immigration to Canada|immigrants in Canada]]. As a result, it is one of the most diverse and multicultural areas in the [[Greater Toronto Area]], being home to various religious groups and places of worship. It includes a number of natural landmarks, including the [[Toronto Zoo]], [[Rouge Park]], and the Scarborough Bluffs. The northeast corner of the district is largely rural with some of Toronto's last remaining farms, earning Scarborough its reputation of being greener than any other part of Toronto.<ref>"How green is my city: Sleepless in Yellowknife, land of the midnight sun" by Peter Kuitenbrouwer, ''[[National Post]]'' (8 July 2006) Retrieved from {{ProQuest|330441178}}</ref>
{{TOC limit|3}}
==Etymology==
The area is named after the English town of [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]], inspired by [[Elizabeth Simcoe]], the wife of [[John Graves Simcoe]], the first [[lieutenant governor]] of [[Upper Canada]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Welch |first1=Deborah |last2=Payne|first2=Michael |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |title=Scarborough |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/scarborough |access-date=November 16, 2019 |date=November 14, 2019 }}</ref> The bluffs along the [[Lake Ontario]] shores reminded her of the limestone cliffs in Scarborough, England. On August 4, 1793, she wrote in her diary, "The shore is extremely bold, and has the appearance of chalk cliffs, but I believe they are only white sand. They appeared so well that we talked of building a summer residence there and calling it Scarborough."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov.on.ca/English/exhibits/simcoe/simcoe7.htm|title=Travels with Elizabeth Simcoe|publisher=[[Ministry of Government and Consumer Services (Ontario)]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070802143042/http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/exhibits/simcoe/simcoe7.htm |archive-date=August 2, 2007}}</ref> Before that, the area was named [[Glasgow]], after the Scottish city.<ref name="scarborough historical">{{cite web|url=http://www.scarboroughhistorical.com/local_history/|title=Scarborough Historical Society|publisher=Scarborough Historical Society|access-date=August 23, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813073006/http://www.scarboroughhistorical.com/local_history/ <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=August 13, 2007}}</ref>
The district has acquired several [[nicknames]]. A popular one is ''Scarberia'', a [[portmanteau]] of Scarborough and [[Siberia]], a reference to its seemingly distant eastern ___location from downtown Toronto and apparent lack of notable attractions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/columnists/article/171165 |title = A cheeky look at the rump of Toronto: Shhh on the S-word, coupled with crime, councillors say|author = DiManno, Rosie|date = January 15, 2007|publisher = [[Toronto Star]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blogto.com/city/2007/01/scarberia_scarlem_scareborough/|title=Scarberia, Scarlem, Scareborough?|website=blogto.com}}</ref> The word originated sometime in the 1960s and has remained a source of contention ever since. In May 1988, [[Joyce Trimmer]], who was campaigning to be mayor of the city of Scarborough, said, "The city of Scarborough needs strong leadership if it is to shed its 'Scarberia' image".<ref>{{cite book |last=Fulford |first=Robert |title=Accidental City: The Transformation of Toronto|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]]|date=March 1996|isbn=978-0-395-77307-9|pages=112}}</ref> With the increased popularity of social media, ''ScarbTO'' has become a popular online signifier of the community. Scarborough has also acquired nicknames related to its diversity. Such nicknames typically use the prefix "Scar" and a suffix derived from the name of a region, nation, or ethnicity; for instance, "Scompton" or "Scarlem", alluding to [[Compton, California|Compton]] and [[Harlem]] respectively.<ref name="mbrown">{{cite web|publisher=Community Development Halton|url=http://www.cdhalton.ca/pdf/Growing_Up_Black_in_Oakville_Final.pdf|title=Growing up black in Oakville|author=Brown, Maureen|date=March 31, 2003|access-date=June 15, 2006|archive-date=June 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630082038/http://www.cdhalton.ca/pdf/Growing_Up_Black_in_Oakville_Final.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==History==
[[File:Upper Canada and the Iroquois Confederacy.jpg|upright|thumb|Late-1600s map that shows the [[Seneca people|Seneca]] settlement of [[Bead Hill|Ganatsekwyagon]], in present-day Scarborough]]
The first known evidence of people in the district comes from an archaeological site in Fenwood Heights, which has been dated to 8000 BCE.<ref name="first settlers">{{cite news|title=Scarborough Fair: The first settlers foraged 10,000 years ago|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|author= McCowan, Bruce|date=March 23, 1995|page=SC. 2}}</ref> The site contains the remains of a camp of [[nomad]]ic hunters and foragers, and there is no evidence of permanent settlers.<ref name="first settlers" />
In the 17th century, the area was inhabited by the [[Seneca nation|Seneca]] at the village of [[Ganatsekwyagon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Native and Newcomers, 1600–1793|publisher=[[City of Toronto government]]|url=http://www.toronto.ca/culture/history/history-natives-newcomers.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306111515/http://www.toronto.ca/culture/history/history-natives-newcomers.htm |archive-date=March 6, 2007|date=July 14, 2017}}</ref> They were later displaced by the [[Mississaugas]], who were themselves displaced by the European settlers who began to arrive in the late 18th century. After the land was surveyed in 1793, it was opened to settlement by British subjects with the first issue of [[land patent]]s in 1796, although squatters had already been present for a few years. The first settlers were David and Andrew Thomson. They were stonemasons who worked on the first parliament buildings for York. They each built mills. This activity led to the creation of a small village known as the ''Thomson Settlement''.<ref>Thomson Settlement. Toronto Historical Plaque. [http://www.torontoplaques.com/Pages_STU/Thomson_Settlement.html Toronto Historical Plaques]</ref> The first post office opened in 1832, in [[Scarborough Village]].<ref name="history">{{cite web|url = http://www.standupscarborough.ca/index.php?tmp=2&id=9|title = Scarborough History |publisher = Stand Up Scarborough |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312110104/http://www.standupscarborough.ca/index.php?tmp=2&id=9 |archive-date=March 12, 2008 }}</ref>
During the early part of life in Upper Canada, local administration and justice was administered by the colonial government. From 1792 to 1841, magistrates were appointed by District Councils. There were four districts in the colony of which Scarborough was part of the ''Home District''. Partly due to a political reorganization that was a result of the [[Durham Report]], Scarborough gained elected representation on the Home District Council. Scarborough elected two councillors.<ref name="Schofield">{{cite book | last = Schofield | first = Richard |author2=Meredyth Schofield |author3=Karen Whynot | title = Scarboro: Then and Now | publisher = Scarborough Board of Education, Scarborough Historical Society |year = 1996 | ___location = Scarborough }}</ref>
In 1850, the district was incorporated as a township.<ref name="records">{{cite web |url=http://www.toronto.ca/archives/records_scarborough.htm |title= Scarborough Records |publisher= City of Toronto |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070328223404/http://www.toronto.ca/archives/records_scarborough.htm |archive-date= March 28, 2007|date= August 24, 2017 }}</ref> After incorporation, Scarborough government was led by a [[Mayor#Continental Europe|reeve]], a deputy-reeve and three councillors, each elected annually.<ref name="local">{{cite web|access-date=May 11, 2008|url=http://www.scarboroughhistorical.com/local_history/scarborough_community_names.htm|title=Scarborough Community Names|publisher=Scarborough Historical Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412081305/http://www.scarboroughhistorical.com/local_history/scarborough_community_names.htm <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=April 12, 2008}}</ref> Initially the council met in the village of [[Woburn, Toronto|Woburn]] but it was relocated to [[Birch Cliff]] in 1920, where most of the population was then located. During the [[Great Depression]], the local government was on the verge of bankruptcy. The [[Ontario Municipal Board]] stepped in and appointed an oversight committee which prevented the collapse of local government.<ref name="Schofield"/>
On April 15, 1953, the township was included within [[Metropolitan Toronto]], a new upper level of municipal government with jurisdiction over regional services such as arterial roads and transit, police, and ambulance services. (Fire fighting services remained separate.) Scarborough retained its local council but gained representation on a new Metro Council. The new council had 24 members, 12 from the old city of Toronto and 12 from the suburban municipalities. The council was not directly elected but was made up of members of each of the local councils. Scarborough's contribution was its reeve who at the time was [[Oliver E. Crockford]].<ref name="Schofield"/>
In 1967, the district was incorporated as a [[borough]]. The reeve was replaced with a mayor. [[Albert Campbell (Canadian politician)|Albert Campbell]], who had been reeve since 1957, became Scarborough's first mayor. The new borough's council consisted of the mayor and four members of the board of control (which functioned as an executive committee). There were also ten aldermen. The mayor and the controllers also sat on Metro Council. In 1973, the borough increased in size when the [[West Rouge]] area, formerly within the [[Pickering, Ontario|Township of Pickering]], was transferred to it with the creation of the [[Regional Municipality of Durham]]. The borough's status was changed to city in 1983. The number of aldermen was increased to 14 and the term of office extended to three years from two.<ref name="Schofield"/>
[[File:Suburban Skyline Toronto 2012.jpg|thumb|A number of high-rises and condominiums were built around [[Scarborough City Centre]] in the late-20th to early-21st century.]]
As the urban area continued to expand, much of rural Scarborough was converted to suburban housing developments in the last third of the 20th century. At the start of the 21st century, growth occurred along the [[Ontario Highway 401|Highway 401]] corridor at the northern end of the [[Scarborough RT]]; [[highrise]] [[Condominium (living space)|condominium]] projects have increased the residential density around [[Scarborough City Centre]].<ref name="history" />
In 1988, there was a reorganization. The board of control was abolished. Alderman was changed to councillor. Six additional metro council positions were created and these were elected separately for the first time. Scarborough's council consisted of a mayor, 14 local councillors and six Metro councillors.<ref name="Schofield"/>
In 1998, the municipality of Scarborough was dissolved and the district [[Amalgamation of Toronto#:~:text=Scarborough became cities.-,1998 amalgamation,dubbed the "megacity").|amalgamated]] with [[East York]], [[Etobicoke]], [[North York]], [[York, Toronto|York]], and the old city of Toronto into the current city of Toronto.
{{wide image|Panoramic view of Scarborough 2023.jpg|1100px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of Scarborough.}}
==Geography==
[[File:Rouge NUP Little Rouge Creek5.jpg|left|thumb|Little Rouge Creek at [[Rouge National Urban Park]]. The creek is one two watersheds that pass through the district.]]
The district's borders, which correspond to the former city's borders, are: [[Victoria Park Avenue]] (facing the rest of Toronto) to the west, the [[Rouge River, Ontario|Rouge River]], the Little Rouge Creek and the Scarborough-Pickering Townline (facing Pickering) to the east, [[Steeles Avenue]] (facing [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]]) to the north, and Lake Ontario to the south.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 21, 2008|url=http://www.slopitch1.com/map/scarborough/index.htm|title=Map of Slo-Pitch Parks& Slo-Pitch Diamonds |publisher=Slopitch 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416231158/http://www.slopitch1.com/map/scarborough/index.htm <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=April 16, 2008 }}</ref>
Topographically, the district is dominated by two watersheds, [[Highland Creek (Toronto)|Highland Creek]] and the [[Rouge River (Ontario)|Rouge River]]. Highland Creek lies almost entirely within Scarborough and occupies approximately 70% of its total area. It occupies the western half of Scarborough, while the Rouge River flows through the eastern portion. Both of these rivers flow into Lake Ontario.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 11, 2008|url=http://www.trca.on.ca/Website/TRCA/Website.nsf/WebPage/WatershedStrategies?OpenDocument&ppos=3&spos=1&tpos=0&rsn=|title=Watershed Strategies|publisher=[[Toronto and Region Conservation Authority]]|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080107004922/http://www.trca.on.ca/Website/TRCA/Website.nsf/WebPage/WatershedStrategies?OpenDocument&ppos=3&spos=1&tpos=0&rsn= |archive-date = January 7, 2008}}</ref> Due to the ___location of the Lakeshore CN railway right-of-way, both river deltas are constricted to narrow channels where they flow into the lake.
Highland Creek is the most urbanized watershed in Toronto with about 85% of its land use devoted to urban uses.<ref>{{cite web |title=Highland Creek Watershed |url=http://www.trca.on.ca/the-living-city/watersheds/highland-creek/#sthash.UBeQYI8V.dpbs |publisher=[[Toronto and Region Conservation Authority]] |date=2015}}</ref> Some sections of the river run through parks and remain in a fairly natural state, while other parts run through industrial or residential districts where the flow is often diverted or channelled. Sections of the creek are marked by deep ravines and valleys, which contain little or no urban development. The deep valley the creek cuts in its bottom sections remains primarily parkland, with little or no development taking place within the valley.
Conversely, the Rouge River valley has parts which are still in a natural, wooded state. The valley is home to a great variety of wildlife including [[deer]], [[fox]]es, and the occasional [[coyote]], while the river hosts [[salmon]] and [[catfish]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.torontorealestate.ca/neighborhood-detail.php?neighborhood_id=54|title=For Buyers |publisher=Toronto Real Estate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205084609/http://www.torontorealestate.ca/neighborhood-detail.php?neighborhood_id=54 |archive-date=February 5, 2007}}</ref> The Rouge River Valley forms a part of [[Rouge National Urban Park]], a [[National parks of Canada|national]] [[urban park]] situated along the eastern portion of Scarborough, and its neighbouring municipalities.
Along the shore of Lake Ontario is the earthen [[escarpment]] formation known as the [[Scarborough Bluffs]]. The Bluffs are about {{convert|14|km}} long, and reach heights of more than {{convert|60|m}} in places. They are part of a much larger formation known as the ''Iroquois Shoreline'', most of which is located somewhat further inland. The Iroquois Shoreline marks the extent of a prehistoric lake, [[Glacial Lake Iroquois]], whose level was quite a bit higher than present-day Lake Ontario's. It shrank in size at the close of the [[Last glacial period|last ice age]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Eyles |first=Nick |title=Ontario Rocks: Three Billion Years of Environmental Change |publisher=Fitzhenry & Whiteside |___location=Markham, Ontario |page=339}}</ref>
[[Erosion]] has been a problem along the Scarborough Bluffs. Properties located near the brink have been abandoned, and houses condemned, as the brink wears back away from the lake. Since the 1980s, large areas of beach at the base of the Bluffs have been reinforced with [[limestone]] [[breakwaters]] and construction rubble infilling.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/toronto/lakeshores_e.php |title=Lakeshores Old and New |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713225543/http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/toronto/lakeshores_e.php |archive-date=July 13, 2007}}</ref>
{{wide image|Scarborough Bluffs panorama.jpg|1100px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of the Scarborough Bluffs and [[Lake Ontario]] from the base}}
===Climate===
The district's climate is moderate for Canada due to its southerly ___location within the country and its proximity to Lake Ontario. It has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfa/Dfb''), with warm, humid summers and generally cold winters. Mean temperature and precipitation tends to be slightly lower than the downtown core or south Etobicoke for instance, due in part to the weather station being farther from the moderating influence of the lake and also because of its more northeast ___location. Conditions vary based on proximity to the lake, with fog more common in the south and areas close to the lake noticeably cooler on hot summer days.<ref name="ccnmarkham"/>
==Demographics==
[[File:ScarboroughPopGraph.jpg|thumb|Population growth for Scarborough, 1796–2001<ref name="statcan" /><ref name="Schofield"/>]]
In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], the census districts within the former city had a population of 629,941{{efn|name=combine}} living in 218,928 of its 228,939 total private dwellings, a change of −0.3% from its 2016 population of 632,098. With a land area of {{convert|187.70|km2}}, it had a population density of {{convert|3356.1|/km2|abbr=on||disp=preunit|people|people}} in 2021.
The majority of the district's population is between 25 and 64 years old.<ref name="Scarborough Neighbourhood Profile">{{cite web |title=City of Toronto Neighbourhood Profiles:Scarborough |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/City%20Of%20Toronto/Social%20Development%2C%20Finance%20%26%20Administration/Neighbourhood%20Profiles/pdf/2011/pdf1/cpa139.pdf |website=toronto.ca |publisher=City Of Toronto |access-date=November 20, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121235/http://www1.toronto.ca/City%20Of%20Toronto/Social%20Development%2C%20Finance%20%26%20Administration/Neighbourhood%20Profiles/pdf/2011/pdf1/cpa139.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> 52% fell into that "working age" during the last major survey, which also found 21% of Scarborough's population was 14 years old or younger, 15% were between 15 and 24, while senior citizens aged 65+ made up the remaining 12%.<ref name="Scarborough Neighbourhood Profile" /> Like the rest of Canada, the population is aging. It is projected that close to 30% of Scarborough residents will be senior citizens by 2041.<ref>{{cite web|title=Regional Age Structure |url=http://www.fin.gov.on.ca/en/economy/demographics/projections/#s3cc |website=Ontario Population Projections|publisher=Government Of Ontario|access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref> Scarborough has a large number of retirement communities,<ref>{{cite web|title=Trinity Ravine Towers Toronto's Newest 55 Plus Christian Lifestyle Community|url=http://www.trinityravine.ca/|website=Trinity Ravine Towers|publisher=Global Kingdom Ministries|access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scarborough Retirement Homes & Communities For Seniors|url=http://www.comfortlife.ca/retirement-communities/scarborough-retirement-homes|website=Comfort Life|publisher=Our Kids Media|access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref> which attracts more seniors to the area creating a situation where the two largest age demographics in Scarborough will be over 55 and under 25.<ref>{{cite web|title=With Hiring Scarborough Renews Focus On Seniors And Youth|url=http://www.keepmecurrent.com/current/news/with-hiring-scarborough-renews-focus-on-seniors-youth/article_db233abc-8eee-11e5-a259-e76eb48cf568.html|website=Keep Me Current|access-date=November 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122021437/http://www.keepmecurrent.com/current/news/with-hiring-scarborough-renews-focus-on-seniors-youth/article_db233abc-8eee-11e5-a259-e76eb48cf568.html|archive-date=November 22, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Immigration ===
The vast majority of the district's population is composed of immigrants who have arrived in the last five decades, and their descendants. In 2016, 56.6% of residents were foreign-born.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35093&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Immigration%20and%20citizenship&TABID=1&type=0|title=Immigrant status and period of immigration|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date= July 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35094&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Immigration%20and%20citizenship&TABID=1&type=0|title=Immigrant status and period of immigration|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date= July 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35095&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Immigration%20and%20citizenship&TABID=1&type=0|title=Immigrant status and period of immigration|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date= July 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35096&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Immigration%20and%20citizenship&TABID=1&type=0|title=Immigrant status and period of immigration|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date= July 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35097&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Immigration%20and%20citizenship&TABID=1&type=0|title=Immigrant status and period of immigration|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date= July 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35098&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Immigration%20and%20citizenship&TABID=1&type=0|title=Immigrant status and period of immigration|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date= July 6, 2021}}</ref>
The immigrant population has created vibrant multicultural locales in various areas. One of the more notable among these is the heavy concentration of Chinese businesses and restaurants in the [[Agincourt, Toronto|Agincourt]] neighbourhood.{{citation needed |date=December 2022}} Many of Scarborough's main arteries, including segments of Kingston Road, Eglinton Avenue East and Lawrence Avenue East, feature [[Caribbean]], Chinese, African, and Indian restaurants and shops, as well as businesses representing the other ethnic groups in the area. {{citation needed |date=December 2022}}
=== Ethnicity ===
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], 477,890 residents identified as members of [[visible minority]] groups in Scarborough census tracts, comprising 76.6 percent of the total population of the district.<ref name="2021censusB"/> According to the prior census conducted in [[2016 Canadian census|2016]], the visible minority population numbered 457,775, comprising 73.5 percent of the total population of the district.<ref name="2016censusB"/>
The district has one of the largest concentration of [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] outside Sri Lanka.<ref name="statcan">{{cite web|access-date=April 10, 2008|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520001&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Population&Custom=|title=2001 Community Profiles|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514205355/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/8f80-City_Planning_2016_Census_Profile_2014_Wards_CCA_Scarborough.pdf|title=Scarborough City of Toronto Community Council Area Profiles 2016 Census}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ [[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] groups in Scarborough (2001–2021)
! rowspan="2" |[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] group
! colspan="2" |[[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="2021censusB" />
! colspan="2" |[[2016 Canadian census|2016]]<ref name="2016censusB">{{Unbulleted list citebundle|
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 27, 2021 |title= Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35093&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 27, 2021 |title= Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35094&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 27, 2021 |title= Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35095&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 27, 2021 |title= Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35096&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 27, 2021 |title= Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35097&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 27, 2021 |title= Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED&Code1=35098&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[2011 Canadian census|2011]]<ref name="2011censusB">{{Unbulleted list citebundle|
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED2013&Code1=35094&Data=Count&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED2013&Code1=35096&Data=Count&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED2013&Code1=35098&Data=Count&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED2013&Code1=35093&Data=Count&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED2013&Code1=35095&Data=Count&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=FED2013&Code1=35097&Data=Count&SearchText=scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[2001 Canadian census|2001]]<ref name="2001censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-07-02 |title= 2001 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520001&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Scarborough&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
| 172,880
| {{Percentage | 172880 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 158,275
| {{Percentage | 158275 | 623135 | 2 }}
| 150,010
| {{Percentage | 150010 | 618010 | 2 }}
| 105,420
| {{Percentage | 105420 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[European Canadians|European]]{{efn|Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.|name=euro}}
| 141,005
| {{Percentage | 141005 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 160,310
| {{Percentage | 160310 | 623135 | 2 }}
| 179,340
| {{Percentage | 179340 | 618010 | 2 }}
| 233,105
| {{Percentage | 233105 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.|name=EastAsian}}
| 111,975
| {{Percentage | 111975 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 122,585
| {{Percentage | 122585 | 623135 | 2 }}
| 122,070
| {{Percentage | 122070 | 618010 | 2 }}
| 111,410
| {{Percentage | 111410 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[African-Canadian|African]]
| 70,655
| {{Percentage | 70655 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 67,250
| {{Percentage | 67250 | 623135 | 2 }}
| 60,495
| {{Percentage | 60495 | 618010 | 2 }}
| 59,870
| {{Percentage | 59870 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Southeast Asia]]n{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.|name=SoutheastAsian}}
| 61,980
| {{Percentage | 61980 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 57,070
| {{Percentage | 57070 | 623135 | 2 }}
| 56,125
| {{Percentage | 56125 | 618010 | 2 }}
| 35,505
| {{Percentage | 35505 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.|name=MiddleEastern}}
| 21,640
| {{Percentage | 21640 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 18,430
| {{Percentage | 18430 | 623135 | 2 }}
| 15,465
| {{Percentage | 15465 | 618010 | 2 }}
| 14,680
| {{Percentage | 14680 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
| 8,640
| {{Percentage | 8640 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 8,045
| {{Percentage | 8045 | 623135 | 2 }}
| 8,045
| {{Percentage | 8045 | 618010 | 2 }}
| 5,610
| {{Percentage | 5610 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]
| 4,715
| {{Percentage | 4715 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 5,050
| {{Percentage | 5050 | 623135 | 2 }}
| 4,185
| {{Percentage | 4185 | 618010 | 2 }}
| 2,400
| {{Percentage | 2400 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| Other/[[Multiracial people|multiracial]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, {{abbr|n.i.e.|not included elsewhere}}" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.|name=Other}}
| 30,115
| {{Percentage | 30115 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 26,100
| {{Percentage | 26100 | 623135 | 2 }}
| 22,645
| {{Percentage | 22645 | 618010 | 2 }}
| 20,675
| {{Percentage | 20675 | 588675 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total responses
! 623,610
! {{Percentage | 623610 | 629941 | 2 }}
! 623,135
! {{Percentage | 623135 | 632098 | 2 }}
! 618,010
! {{Percentage | 618010 | 625698 | 2 }}
! 588,675
! {{Percentage | 588675 | 593297 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population
! 629,941
! {{Percentage | 629941 | 629941 | 2 }}
! 632,098
! {{Percentage | 632098 | 632098 | 2 }}
! 625,698
! {{Percentage | 625698 | 625698 | 2 }}
! 593,297
! {{Percentage | 593297 | 593297 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="20" | {{small|Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses}}
|}
=== Religion ===
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ [[Religion in Canada|Religious]] groups in Scarborough (2001–2021)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in Canada|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |[[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="2021censusB">{{Unbulleted list citebundle|
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=scarborough&DGUIDlist=2013A000435094&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=scarborough&DGUIDlist=2013A000435096&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=scarborough&DGUIDlist=2013A000435098&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=scarborough&DGUIDlist=2013A000435093&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=scarborough&DGUIDlist=2013A000435095&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
* {{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=scarborough&DGUIDlist=2013A000435097&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[2001 Canadian census|2001]]<ref name="2001censusB"/>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 273,035
| {{Percentage | 273035 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 345,120
| {{Percentage | 345120 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligion]]
| 154,465
| {{Percentage | 154465 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 116,055
| {{Percentage | 116055 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Islam in Canada|Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 86,935
| {{Percentage | 86935 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 46,180
| {{Percentage | 46180 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
| 84,925
| {{Percentage | 84925 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 57,310
| {{Percentage | 57310 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma Wheel (2).svg|15px]]
| 14,620
| {{Percentage | 14620 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 16,480
| {{Percentage | 16480 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 4,940
| {{Percentage | 4940 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 3,985
| {{Percentage | 3985 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Judaism in Canada|Judaism]] [[File:Star of David.svg|15px]]
| 925
| {{Percentage | 925 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 1,405
| {{Percentage | 1405 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous spirituality]]
| 85
| {{Percentage | 85 | 623610 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Religion in Canada|Other]]
| 3,680
| {{Percentage | 3680 | 623610 | 2 }}
| 2,145
| {{Percentage | 2145 | 588675 | 2 }}
|-
! Total responses
! 623,610
! {{Percentage | 623610 | 629941 | 2 }}
! 588,675
! {{Percentage | 588675 | 593297 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population
! 629,941
! {{Percentage | 629941 | 629941 | 2 }}
! 593,297
! {{Percentage | 593297 | 593297 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
|}
==Crime==
{{Update section|date=December 2022}}
Long-term trends show that the district is less prone to violent crime than the rest of Toronto. Between 1997 and 2006, the proportion of violent crime committed in Scarborough averaged 20.4% despite its making up on average 23.6% of the city's total population over that period.<ref>Toronto Police Service. Year-to-date Statistics, 1997–2006. Data for violent crime was summarized for 1st and 2nd degree murder, manslaughter, attempted murder, sexual assaults, and all other assaults and totaled for Divisions 41, 42, and 43. [http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/statistics/ytd_stats.php Toronto Police Service YTD Stats]</ref> Murder rates for the district and the rest of Toronto show no particular divergence. Between 1997 and 2006, the ratio of murders in Scarborough as compared to the rest of Toronto ranged from a low of 8.8% to a high of 32.2%.<ref>Toronto Police Service. Year-to-date Statistics, 1997–2006. Data for murder was summarized for 1st and 2nd degree murder and totaled for Divisions 41, 42, and 43. [http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/statistics/ytd_stats.php Toronto Police Service YTD Stats]</ref> According to former [[Toronto Police Service|Toronto Police]] Chief [[Bill Blair (police chief)|Bill Blair]], "[42 Division is] the safest division in the city"; this division includes north Scarborough.<ref name="division" /> In 2008, the safest part of Toronto was north Scarborough from Victoria Park Ave. to the Pickering border, north of Highway 401.<ref name="division">{{cite web|access-date=April 28, 2008 |url=http://www.insidetoronto.ca/News/Scarborough/article/45840 |title=Police bring message of safety to 42 Division meeting |publisher=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=April 16, 2008 |author=Milley, Danielle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609021433/http://www.insidetoronto.ca/News/Scarborough/article/45840 |archive-date=June 9, 2008 }}</ref>
In 2008, Toronto City Councillors [[Norm Kelly]] and [[Michael Thompson (Canadian politician)|Michael Thompson]] protested that the media was distorting how crime was reported in Scarborough. They noted that whenever a shooting occurred in the rest of the city the ___location was given as the nearest major intersection, while when a shooting happened in Scarborough the ___location was given as 'Scarborough'. According to the councillors, this gave people an erroneous impression of Scarborough as 'crime-ridden'. They proposed that news outlets sign a 'media protocol' so that all crime locations were given as intersections. However, the city's Executive Committee turned down the request citing this as a form of censorship. Mayor [[David Miller (Canadian politician)|David Miller]] said "It's not city council's role to tell the media how to do their job".<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 16, 2008|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2007/01/10/scarborough-tries-to-clear-its-crime-rep/|title=Scarborough Tries To Clear Its "Crime" Rep|work=[[CityNews]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108060631/http://www.citynews.ca/news/news_6802.aspx|archive-date=January 8, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 16, 2008|url=http://www.journalism.ryerson.ca/online/masthead/mar0507/Feb28-07page12.pdf|title=A Tale of Two Scarboroughs|author= Chris Richardson|work=The Ryersonian |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080529065919/http://www.journalism.ryerson.ca/online/masthead/mar0507/Feb28-07page12.pdf |archive-date = May 29, 2008}}</ref>
==Economy==
{{main|Economy of Toronto}}
[[File:Scarborough Town Centre Front.jpg|thumb|left|[[Scarborough Town Centre]] is a major [[shopping mall]] located in [[Scarborough City Centre]].]]
Compared to the City of Toronto as a whole, industry in the district is similar in all labour force categories, save for manufacturing which is higher in the district, and professional, scientific and technical services which are lower.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toronto.ca/committees/council_profiles/pdf/east_labour_force.pdf|publisher=[[City of Toronto government]]|title=City of Toronto's community economic profile for Scarborough|access-date=August 5, 2006}}</ref>{{update inline |date=December 2022}} Notable companies that have their headquarters in the district include [[Toyota Canada Inc.|Toyota Canada]], [[Owens Corning|Owens Corning (Toronto)]], [[Elizabeth Grant International]], [[Enterprise Holdings|Enterprise Holdings, Inc.]], [[Carswell (publishers)|Thomson Carswell]], [[Bell Media]], [[Teva Canada]], [[Cinram]], [[Royal Doulton]], [[SKF]], [[Amphenol]], [[Dart Container|Dart Canada]], [[Mastermind Toys]], [[Alfa Laval]], [[President's Choice Financial]], [[Aviva]], [[Yellow Pages Group]], [[Telus Communications|Telus]], and [[Lee Kum Kee|Lee Kum Kee Canada]].<ref>"[http://usa.lkk.com/Us/Enterprise/SalesContact/ContactUs Contact Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812125451/http://usa.lkk.com/Us/Enterprise/SalesContact/ContactUs |date=August 12, 2014 }}." [[Lee Kum Kee]]. Retrieved on November 9, 2012. "3660 Midland Avenue, Suite #309 Scarborough, Ontario M1V 0B8 CANADA"</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 21, 2008|url=http://innovation.gc.ca/gol/innovation/site.nsf/en/in02012.html|title=Innovation Performance—The Greater Toronto Area Region|publisher=[[Government of Canada]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009062742/http://innovation.gc.ca/gol/innovation/site.nsf/en/in02012.html|archive-date=October 9, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> The pizza chains [[241 Pizza]] and [[Pizza Nova]] have their headquarters in Scarborough.<ref>"[http://www.241pizza.com/about/contactUs.aspx Contact Us]." [[241 Pizza]]. Retrieved on December 6, 2012. "77 Progress Avenue Toronto, ON M1P 2Y7"</ref><ref>"[http://www.pizzanova.com/about/corporateoffice.html Contact]." [[Pizza Nova]]. Retrieved on December 6, 2012. "2247 Midland Ave., Toronto, ON, M1P 4R1"</ref> [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] opened a new fulfillment centre in north Scarborough in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190923005639/en/Amazon-Expands-Ontario-New-Fulfillment-Centre-Scarborough|title=Amazon Expands in Ontario with New Fulfillment Centre in Scarborough|date=September 23, 2019|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> Large companies that have moved out of Scarborough include: [[General Motors Canada]] [[Scarborough Van Assembly|Van Assembly plant]] (1993) and [[Eli Lilly and Company|Eli Lilly Canada]] (2019).
A high-density business district has been built up in Scarborough City Centre. Points of interest in the area include [[Scarborough Town Centre]], [[Albert Campbell Square]], Street Eats Market, many surrounding stores, and government and business offices. The area has become one of Toronto's secondary [[central business district|business districts]] outside of [[Downtown Toronto]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 21, 2008|url=http://www.toronto.ca/ttc/schedules/subway/index.htm|title= Subway schedules |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] }}</ref>
==Notable people==
{{See also|List of people from Scarborough, Ontario|l1=People from Scarborough, Ontario}}
==Culture==
Most of the district's news media has been either weekly or monthly publications. The earliest newspaper was the ''Scarborough News and Advertiser'' which was published weekly starting in September 1921, which lasted until the 1930s. Other short-lived papers and magazines included ''The Enterprise'' (1945–1966), ''Scarborough Mail'' (1946–1955) and ''The News'' (1952–1996) and ''54east magazine'' (2005–2009). The last remaining English-language local newspaper was the ''Scarborough Mirror'', which started publication in 1962 and was later acquired by the ''Toronto Star''{{'}}s community news division, Metroland. In 2023, it became an online-only publication as part of Toronto.com. A Scarborough edition of the Toronto-wide photography publication ''SNAP Scarborough'' was launched in 2009. ''[[Ming Pao Daily News (Toronto)|Ming Pao Daily News]]'' is a Chinese-language newspaper whose headquarters is in the district. They started publication in 1993.<ref name="Schofield"/>
In 1961, the [[CFTO-DT|CTV Toronto]] (CFTO) television channel began operating from the [[9 Channel Nine Court]] studios at the intersection of [[McCowan Road]] and Highway 401.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Today, the studio also is the headquarters of [[The Sports Network]] (TSN). Both companies produce programming at the studio. In 1970, [[CUC Broadcasting|Trillium Cable]] started to provide cable TV service to Scarborough.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} It was purchased by [[Shaw Communications|Shaw Cable]] in 1995.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} During the early days of the company, they produced several local shows for their own cable channel. These shows were produced by volunteers and showed a wide variation in quality. These shows were satirized by [[Mike Myers (actor)|Mike Myers]] in his comedy film ''[[Wayne's World (film)|Wayne's World]]''.<ref name="Schofield"/>
Residents of the district have developed their own unique sense of humour, as evidenced by Myers, whose Wayne's World character was inspired by growing up in the area.<ref name="dilemma">{{cite web|access-date=May 12, 2008|url=https://www.thestar.com/comment/article/294316|title=Scarborough's dilemma |work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=January 16, 2008 }}</ref> Other Scarborough natives include [[Lilly Singh]], [[Eric McCormack]]<ref name="dilemma" /> (''[[Will & Grace]]''), [[John Candy]]<ref name="dilemma" /> ([[The Second City|Second City]], ''[[Second City Television|SCTV]]''), musical group [[Barenaked Ladies]] and singer Abel Tesfaye known as [[the Weeknd]]. Actor [[Jim Carrey]] also lived in Scarborough during his teen years.<ref name="dilemma" /> Scarborough has also been the home of prominent [[hip hop music|hip hop]] artists and producers, including [[Maestro Fresh Wes]], [[Choclair]], [[Boi-1da]], [[Nineteen85]], [[Kardinal Offishall]], [[Saukrates]], [[David Strickland]] and the group [[BrassMunk]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 21, 2008|url=http://imdb.com/name/nm0000196/|title=Mike Myers |publisher=[[IMDb]] }}</ref><!-- unsupported: Scarborough has also produced athletes that excel in various sports like [[Andre De Grasse]], [[Dwayne De Rosario]], [[Rowan Barrett|Rowan Barret]], [[Natalie Spooner]], [[Jamaal Magloire]], and [[Paul Tracy]].{{citation needed |date=December 2022}} -->
According to the [[list of largest shopping malls in Canada]], the Scarborough Town Centre is the fifth-largest in the country and the fourth-largest in the [[Greater Toronto Area|GTA]]. It is located next to the [[Scarborough Civic Centre]], Albert Campbell Square, and [[Consilium Place, Scarborough|Consilium Place]]. This area was developed as a city centre for the former City of Scarborough government. The ''Scarborough Walk of Fame'' is also located in the Town Centre, consisting of plaques embedded in the floor to honour notable residents, past and current. The inaugural inductees included [[National Basketball Association]] player Jamaal Magloire, [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] gold medalist [[Vicky Sunohara]], and eight prominent residents who contributed to advances in medicine, arts, and the community.<ref name="walkoffame">{{cite news|title=Scarborough stars shine on Walk of Fame|author=Ferenc, Leslie|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|date=May 18, 2006|page=A20}}</ref>
[[File:Warthogs at Toronto Zoo.JPG|thumb|left|Warthogs at [[Toronto Zoo]], situated in the [[Rouge River (Ontario)|Rouge River Valley]]]]
In 1974, the [[Toronto Zoo]] was moved from its original downtown ___location to its current ___location in the Rouge River valley. The new ___location enabled the zoo to increase its overall area from {{convert|3|ha}} to over {{convert|300|ha}}. The zoo was transformed at that time from a 19th-century style zoo with a few animals cramped behind iron bars into a zoo where space was provided to animals and the setting attempted to duplicate the animals' natural environments.<ref>{{cite news|title = Zoo celebrates 30th anniversary |author = Rusk, James|date = August 16, 2004|publisher = [[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref>
There are a large number of golf courses in the district, with a mix of public and private courses. Dentonia Park is a public course established in 1967 and is situated in the [[Taylor-Massey Creek (Don)|Taylor-Massey Creek]] ravine beside the [[Victoria Park (TTC)|Victoria Park subway station]].<ref name="golf history">{{cite web|access-date=May 3, 2008|url=http://www.toronto.ca/parks/golf/history.htm|title=Toronto Golf History|publisher=[[City of Toronto government]]}}</ref> Formerly a private club, the Tam O'Shanter Golf Course was established in 1973 as a public course and is located alongside Highland Creek.<ref name="golf history"/> Private clubs include the Toronto Hunt Club which was the first golf course in Scarborough, established in 1895 alongside Lake Ontario.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 21, 2008|url=http://www.iwfstoronto.org/June112007.html|title=Toronto Hunt Club AGM |publisher=International Wine & Food Society of Toronto }}</ref> and the Scarboro Golf and Country Club was established in 1912.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 3, 2008|url=http://www.scarborogolf.com/index.cfm|title=Scarboro Golf & Country Club|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509130238/http://www.scarborogolf.com/index.cfm|archive-date=May 9, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Cedarbrae Golf & Country Club was established in 1922 and moved to its current Rouge River Valley ___location at Steeles Ave East in 1954.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 3, 2008|url=http://www.cedarbraegolf.com/index.cfm?ID=96|title=Cedar Brae Golf & Country Club|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008144911/http://www.cedarbraegolf.com/index.cfm?ID=96|archive-date=October 8, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On May 17, 2006, the ''Nike Malvern Sports Complex'' was opened in the [[Malvern, Toronto|Malvern]] neighbourhood. [[Nike, Inc.|Nike Canada]] donated {{CAD|500,000}} to build the complex, which includes a basketball court, a practice soccer pitch, and a running track. The track was constructed from 50,000 used running shoes. The complex was built on the grounds of the [[St. Mother Teresa Catholic Academy]] and is open to the public. Olympic hurdler [[Perdita Felicien]] was on hand at the opening to encourage youth to participate in sports.<ref name="sportscentre">{{cite news|title=Malvern complex aimed at youth|author=Christie, James|publisher=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=May 18, 2006}}</ref>
<!-- unsupported:
The district of Scarborough is home to several local arts organizations. Scarborough Worldwide Film Festival is an annual celebration of multicultural films held every first week of June. [[Scarborough Music Theatre]], Scarborough Players, and Scarborough Theatre Guild work together under the name Theatre Scarborough. The Scarborough Choral Society performs one full-scale musical and a Christmas concert each year.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} -->
==Education==
{{See also|List of educational institutions in Scarborough, Ontario|l1=Educational institutions in Scarborough, Ontario}}
[[File:John Andrews Building Scarborough 2010 (2).jpg|thumb|left|[[University of Toronto Scarborough]] is one of two [[post-secondary education|post-secondary]] institutions located in Scarborough.]]
<!-- unsupported: The first schoolhouse in Scarborough opened in 1805 on the Thomson farmstead.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In 1847, [[Egerton Ryerson]] recommended that 11 school districts be created.{{where|date=December 2022}} By 1904, 28 schools had been built throughout the township. In 1915, ''Agincourt Continuation School'' offered education up to grade 12.<ref name="Schofield"/> -->Both [[Agincourt Collegiate Institute]] and [[R. H. King Academy]] claim to be the oldest secondary schools in the district. Agincourt Collegiate Institute (the former Agincourt Continuation School) opened in 1915.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agincourtci.com/launch.php?page=info|title =Agincourt Collegiate Institute's Website|access-date=July 6, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060211072319/http://agincourtci.com/launch.php?page=info |archive-date = February 11, 2006}}</ref> It became a high school in 1954. R. H. King Academy opened in 1922 as the ''Scarborough High School'' being the first high school in the Scarborough area at that time, and became a collegiate in 1930.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://schools.tdsb.on.ca/rhking/indexa.html|title=R.H. King Academy website|access-date=July 6, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060427111301/http://schools.tdsb.on.ca/rhking/indexa.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = April 27, 2006}}</ref>
<!-- unsupported:
In 1954, the [[Scarborough Board of Education]] was established to operate the English-language, secular public schools in the township. In 1998, the board was merged with the other Metro boards to form the [[Toronto District School Board]]. In 1953, the [[Metropolitan Separate School Board]], now known as the [[Toronto Catholic District School Board]] was formed to operate public anglophone separate schools in Metropolitan Toronto.
-->
Four [[state school|public]] [[school board]]s operate [[primary education|primary]] and [[secondary education|secondary]] schools in the district: [[Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir]] (CSCM), [[Conseil scolaire Viamonde]] (CSV), the [[Toronto Catholic District School Board]] (TCDSB), and the [[Toronto District School Board]] (TDSB). CSV and TDSB operate as [[secular education|secular]] public school boards, the former operating [[French language|French]] [[first language]] institutiona, whereas the latter operates [[English language|English]] first language institutions. The other two school boards, CSCM and TCDSB, operate as public [[separate school]] boards, the former operating French first-language separate schools, the latter operating English first-language separate schools. {{As of|2008}}, there are 28 secondary schools in Scarborough.{{update inline|date=December 2022}}<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 11, 2008|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/scripts/IndexPage.asp?schooltype=Secondary|title=School Listing|publisher=[[Toronto District School Board]]}}</ref> <!-- unsupported: {{As of|2013}}, Scarborough's [[Mary Ward Catholic Secondary School]] is one of two self-directed learning schools in Ontario, and one of seven in Canada.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} -->
In addition to primary and secondary schools, two post-secondary institutions are located in Scarborough. The [[University of Toronto]] expanded in 1964 and built the [[University of Toronto Scarborough]], which has an enrolment of 10,000 students as of 2006.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 11, 2008|url=http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~advancement/about/facts.html|title=Facts & Figures|publisher=[[University of Toronto Scarborough]]|archive-date=July 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714033507/http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~advancement/about/facts.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Centennial College (Canada)|Centennial College]] was opened in 1966. It was the first [[college (Canada)|vocational college]] to open in Ontario. Starting from one campus in Warden Woods, it grew to three campuses across Scarborough (and two others located in East York and North York).
==Governance==
[[File:Scarborough Civic Centre3.jpg|thumb|The Scarborough Community Council meets once a month at the [[Scarborough Civic Centre]].]]
{{See also|List of reeves and mayors of Scarborough, Ontario}}
From the incorporation of Scarborough as a township in 1850, the head of the local government was a [[reeve (Canada)|reeve]] who chaired the town council. In 1953, Scarborough and twelve other townships, towns, and villages in [[York County, Ontario|York County]] federated with the [[Old City of Toronto|City of Toronto]] to form Metropolitan Toronto. Scarborough retained its own town council but an added layer of government, the Metropolitan Toronto Council, with the reeve of Scarborough having a seat. In 1967, Scarborough was incorporated as borough at which point the head of the local government was styled as mayor. A [[Toronto Board of Control#Scarborough|Board of Control]], consisting of the mayor and four [[direct election|directly elected]] Controllers, was also created as an executive committee of Scarborough's council, whose members also sat on Metro Council. In 1973, Scarborough opened its new city hall, the Scarborough Civic Centre where the borough and later its city council met. In 1983, Scarborough attained [[city]] status, but its governing structure remained the same. In 1988, the Board of Control was abolished.<ref name="records"/><ref name="local"/><ref name="Schofield"/><ref>Scarboro council backs 48 per cent raise in pay" Abbate, Gay. ''The Globe and Mail'' (1936–2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]Sep 22, 1988: A23.</ref>
In 1998, the municipalities of Metropolitan Toronto were dissolved and [[Amalgamation of Toronto|amalgamated into a single City of Toronto]]. Since then, Scarborough has been a community within the city of Toronto, and the head of the local government is the Mayor of Toronto and is governed by [[Toronto City Council]]. Community councils were formed to process issues considered local to their communities.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=May 11, 2008 |url=http://www.toronto.ca/committees/council_profiles/torontoeast.htm |title=Scarborough Community Council – Area D |publisher=[[City of Toronto government]]}}</ref> Scarborough's community council, made up of the district's local councillors, meets once a month at the Civic Centre. The council deals with a variety of local issues such as outdoor patio applications, neighbourhood traffic plans, and exemptions from certain by-laws such as retail signs, fences, trees and ravines.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=May 11, 2008 |url=http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/2008/agendas/sc.htm |title=2008 Scarborough Community Council Agendas and Minutes |publisher=[[City of Toronto government]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607103632/http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/2008/agendas/sc.htm |archive-date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref> Decisions made by community council are approved by Toronto City Council in order to take effect.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=May 11, 2008 |url=http://www.toronto.ca/committees/community_councils.htm|title=Community Councils |publisher=[[City of Toronto government]]}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"
|+Scarborough federal election results<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/44gedata&document=bypro&lang=e |title=Official Voting Results Raw Data (poll by poll results in Scarborough)|date=April 7, 2022 |publisher=Elections Canada |access-date=August 7, 2023}}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Year
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[New Democratic Party|New Democratic]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Green Party of Canada|Green]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}}|
! [[2021 Canadian federal election|2021]]
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | '''60%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"| ''141,547''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | 23%
| style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"| ''53,070''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} | 13%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''30,777''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|background}} | 1%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''1,702''
|-
! [[2019 Canadian federal election|2019]]
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | '''57%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"| ''154,233''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | 25%
| style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"| ''67,907''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} | 12%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''32,623''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|background}} | 3%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''9,220''
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"
|+Scarborough provincial election results<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.on.ca/en/resource-centre/elections-results.html |title=Official Voting Results by polling station (poll by poll results in Kingston)|publisher=Election Ontario |access-date=August 7, 2023}}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Year
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Ontario New Democratic Party|New Democratic]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Ontario Liberal Party|Liberal]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Green Party of Ontario|Green]]
|-
| style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC}}|
! [[2022 Ontario general election|2022]]
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC|background}} | '''39%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#9999FF;"| ''73,034''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|NDP|background}} | 24%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''45,123''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Liberal|background}} | ''31%''
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"|''57,877''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Green|background}} | 3%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''4,928''
|-
| style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC}}|
! [[2018 Ontario general election|2018]]
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC|background}} |'''40%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#9999FF;"| ''92,965''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|NDP|background}} | 31%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''73,063''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Liberal|background}} | 24%
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"|''55,759''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Green|background}} | 2%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''5,170''
|-
|}
Scarborough is represented by six ridings for the provincial government and Federal government. Municipal riding boundaries were harmonized within the City of Toronto to match the provincial boundaries in 1999 through provincial legislation called ''The Fewer Municipal Politicians Act of 1999''. This took effect on December 1, 2000.<ref name="to-council-hist">{{cite web |access-date=May 11, 2008|url=http://www.toronto.ca/committees/community_councils_background.htm|title=Pre-November 2003 Community Councils History |publisher=[[City of Toronto government]]}}</ref> Ridings were represented by two councillors per riding until 2018 when the Government of Ontario reduced this to one councillor per riding. Scarborough now has six councillors.<ref>{{cite web |website=toronto.ca |url=https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/council/members-of-council/ |title=Members of Council |date=August 8, 2017 |accessdate=June 2, 2023}}</ref>
===Coat of arms===
[[File:Scarborough, Ontario Coat of Arms.JPG|thumb|Scarborough coat of arms]]
The coat of arms of Scarborough was adopted when the borough became a city on June 29, 1983. A [[grant of arms]] was issued by the [[Canadian Heraldic Authority]] on February 1, 1996.<ref name="PUBREG">{{cite web|url=http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=606|title=Public Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges of Canada|access-date=December 29, 2012}}</ref> The coat of arms had a shield within a laurel wreath.<ref>[[:File:Scarborough, Ontario Coat of Arms.JPG|Scarborough arms image]]</ref> Upon this shield were the following elements, in quarters:
* The arms of the province of Ontario
* A sheaf of wheat
* Two cog wheels and a factory
* A view of the Scarborough Bluffs
====Blazon====
=====Arms=====
:''Or a columbine flower and a chief embattled Azure issuant from the upper chief a demi-sun Or;''<ref name="PUBREG" />
=====Crest=====
:''Issuant from a coronet heightened with four ears of corn (one and two-halves visible) alternating with four millstones (two visible) Or a maple leaf Gules;
=====Supporters=====
:''Two stags Or attired and unguled Azure each gorged with a collar of braid Gules Argent and Azure standing upon a representation of the Scarborough Bluffs proper rising above the waters of Lake Ontario Azure and Argent;''
=====Motto=====
:''HOME ABOVE THE BLUFFS''
==Infrastructure==
===Public transit===
[[File:Privately owned radial streetcar on Kingston Road -c.jpg|thumb|left|A streetcar on [[Kingston Road (Toronto)|Kingston Road]], looking south on [[Birchmount Road]]. The first transit line in Scarborough was established in 1893.]]
The expansion of Toronto in the east, in the 19th century, led to the development of housing stock along the Kingston Road and Danforth Road corridors in Scarborough. This led to the creation of a transit line. In 1893, the [[Toronto and Scarboro' Electric Railway, Light and Power Company]] built a single-track radial line along Kingston Road to Blantyre. Over the next 13 years this was extended to [[West Hill, Toronto|West Hill]]. In 1904, the line became the ''Scarboro Division'' of the [[Toronto and York Radial Railway]]. Service continued along this line until 1936 when it was replaced by bus service.<ref name="Schofield"/>
[[File:A Scarborough RT trainset on the approach to Kennedy Station, 2013 04 25 -a.jpg|thumb|A train on [[Line 3 Scarborough]] approaching [[Kennedy (TTC)|Kennedy station]]]]
Since 1921, the [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (TTC) gradually expanded its [[public transportation]] network to Scarborough. Today, it operates [[Toronto Transit Commission bus system|bus]] and [[Toronto subway system|rapid transit]] routes in the district. [[Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] has three subway stations in Scarborough: [[Victoria Park station (Toronto)|Victoria Park]], [[Warden station|Warden]], and [[Kennedy station|Kennedy]], the current eastern terminus. In 1985, the Government of Ontario opened the [[Line 3 Scarborough|Scarborough RT]], an above-ground light metro line that operated between Kennedy station at its west and McCowan Road at its east. In 2023, the line shut down permanently due to aging Infrastructure which also caused a derailment earlier that year.
Construction of an extension of Line 2 further east into Scarborough started in June 2021 and is expected to be complete around 2030. The line will be extended 7.8 kilometres from Kennedy station with stations at McCowan Road-Lawrence Avenue, [[Scarborough Centre station|Scarborough Centre]], and McCowan Road-Sheppard Avenue.<ref name="ScarSubExt">{{cite web |last1=Fox |first1=Chris |title=Ontario breaks ground on Scarborough subway extension |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/toronto/article/ontario-breaks-ground-on-scarborough-subway-extension/ |website=Toronto |access-date=July 4, 2021 |language=en |date=June 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-26 |title=TTC head confirms cause of Scarborough RT derailment |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/toronto/article/ttc-head-confirms-cause-of-scarborough-rt-derailment/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Toronto |language=en}}</ref> [[Line 5 Eglinton]] is a light rail line under construction, which will have its eastern terminus at Kennedy station. The City of Toronto is also proposing another light rail line known as the [[Eglinton East LRT]] that is planned to operate from Kennedy station to the [[University of Toronto Scarborough]].
Seven rail stations also provide access to two [[commuter rail]] lines operated by [[GO Transit]]. The [[Lakeshore East line]] runs across the south end of the district with [[Rouge Hill GO Station]], [[Guildwood GO Station]], [[Eglinton GO Station]], and [[Scarborough GO Station]] running from east to west. The [[Stouffville line]] runs north-south in the west end of Scarborough with [[Milliken GO Station]], [[Agincourt GO Station]], [[Kennedy GO Station]]. An eight station on the Stouffville line will be constructed between Milliken and Agincourt stations at [[Finch–Kennedy GO Station]]. Other connecting public transportation services with connections to TTC bus routes in Scarborough include [[Durham Region Transit]] and [[York Region Transit]].{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
===Roads and highways===
[[File:Eglinton Avenue Scarborough Village.jpg|left|thumb|[[Eglinton Avenue]] is a major east-west roadway that passes through Scarborough.]]
The district's arterial roads are laid out on a grid system of north–south and east–west, corresponding to the concession roads of the original township, laid out to facilitate the establishment of farming communities. Kingston Road and [[Danforth Avenue]] were laid out prior to surveying the township, and both run diagonally in a southwest–northeast direction across the south end of Scarborough.
From north to south, the major east–west arterial roads are Steeles Avenue, [[Finch Avenue]], [[Sheppard Avenue]], Ellesmere Road, [[Lawrence Avenue]], [[Eglinton Avenue]] and [[St. Clair Avenue]]. From west to east, the major north-south arterial roads are Victoria Park Avenue, Pharmacy Avenue, [[Warden Avenue]], [[Birchmount Road]], [[Kennedy Road (Toronto)|Kennedy Road]], Midland Avenue, [[Brimley Road]], McCowan Road, Bellamy Road North, [[Markham Road]], Scarborough Golf Club Road, Neilson Road, [[Morningside Avenue (Toronto)|Morningside Avenue]], Meadowvale Road and Port Union Road.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=April 21, 2008|url=http://www.toronto.ca/involved/projects/kingston_road_ea/pdf/supporting-docs_20070529.pdf|title=Kingston Road |publisher=[[City of Toronto government]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529065918/http://www.toronto.ca/involved/projects/kingston_road_ea/pdf/supporting-docs_20070529.pdf|archive-date=May 29, 2008|url-status=dead }}</ref>
Kingston Road was formerly Ontario Highway 2, and was the main highway through the district until the building of Highway 401, which runs east–west across the district, with six to eight lanes in each direction. The short, minor freeway [[Highway 2A (Ontario)|Highway 2A]] runs parallel to Lake Ontario in the eastern part of Scarborough. <!-- unsupported: In the 1960s, Metropolitan Toronto planned to build a second east–west highway across Scarborough. It was intended to link Highway 2A with an eastern extension of the [[Gardiner Expressway]]. The highway, known as the [[Scarborough Expressway]], was cancelled due to public opposition.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} -->
===Water infrastructure===
[[File:RC Harris Water Treatment Plant 2009.jpg|thumb|Scarborough's drinking water is supplied by the [[R.C. Harris Filtration Plant]], situated at the southwest boundary of the district.]]
Scarborough's drinking water is supplied by the [[R.C. Harris Filtration Plant]] at the foot of Victoria Park Avenue and the F. J. Horgan Filtration Plant.<ref name="Fenco">{{cite book | last = Fenco MacLaren Inc.| title = Integrated Shoreline Management Plan, Tommy Thompson Park To Frenchman's Bay. |date = December 1996| ___location = Toronto |display-authors=etal}}</ref> The F. J. Horgan Filtration Plant was built in 1979 and was formerly known as the 'Easterly Plant'. Upgrades completed in 2011 allow it to process up to 800 megalitres per day and it will also be the first plant to replace chlorine with ozone as its primary cleansing method.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://dcnonl.com/article/id40336 |title=Frank J. Horgan plant in Scarborough, Ontario gets upgrade |author=Dan O'Reilly |work=Daily Construction News and Commercial Record |date=August 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305125945/http://dcnonl.com/article/id40336 |archive-date=March 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=F.J. Horgan Water Treatment Plant |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=164409f8e0c7f310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |publisher=City of Toronto (Toronto Water) |date=2015}}</ref> Wastewater for Scarborough is treated at the Highland Creek Treatment Plant. This plant was constructed in 1954 and started processing in 1956. It has undergone continual expansion to meet ongoing demand.<ref name="Fenco"/>
==See also==
{{Portal|Canada}}
*[[List of reeves and mayors of Scarborough, Ontario]]
*[[List of reeves and mayors of Scarborough, Ontario#Board of Control|Scarborough Board of Control]]
*[[List of neighbourhoods in Toronto#Scarborough|List of neighbourhoods in Scarborough]]
*[[McClure radioactive site]]
{{Clear}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Scarborough, Ontario}}
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Toronto/Scarborough}}
{{TorontoMunicipalities}}
{{Toronto Neighbourhoods}}
{{Authority control}}
[[
[[Category:Former municipalities in Toronto]]
[[Category:Former cities in Ontario]]
[[Category:Metropolitan Toronto]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Toronto]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1796]]
[[Category:Populated places disestablished in 1998]]
[[Category:1796 establishments in Canada]]
[[Category:1998 disestablishments in Ontario]]
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