Web science: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 14:36, 23 November 2014 edit Bhny (talk \| contribs) 14,433 edits →top ← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 03:19, 12 August 2025 edit undo InternetArchiveBot (talk \| contribs) Bots, Pending changes reviewers 5,698,988 edits Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
(43 intermediate revisions by 32 users not shown)
Line 1: {{short description\|Emerging interdisciplinary field}} [[File:Human Behavior Co-constituting the Web.png\|thumb\|450px]]▼ ▲[[File:Human Behavior Co-constituting the Web.png\|thumb\|450px\|Human behavior co-constituting the web.]] '''Web science''' is the study of large-scale socio-technical systems, such as the [[World Wide Web]]. It considers the relationship between people and technology, the ways that society and technology co-constitute one another and the impact of this co-constitution on broader society. Web Science is inherently [[interdisciplinary]]<ref>{{cite pmid\|16902115\|noedit}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi\|10.1145/1364782.1364798\|noedit}}</ref> and combines research from disciplines as diverse as sociology, computer science, economics and mathematics.<ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/webscikorea/why-do-we-need-web-science-research Why do we need web science research]</ref> '''Web science''' is an emerging [[interdisciplinary]] field concerned with the study of large-scale socio-technical systems, particularly the [[World Wide Web]].<ref>{{Cite journal An earlier definition was given by American computer scientist [[Ben Shneiderman]]: "Web Science" is the processing the information available on the web in similar terms to those applied to natural environment.<ref>{{cite doi\|10.1145/1247001.1247022\|noedit}}</ref>▼ \| last1 = Berners-Lee \| first1 = T. \| author-link1 = Tim Berners-Lee \| last2 = Hall \| first2 = W. \| author-link2 = Wendy Hall \| last3 = Hendler \| first3 = J. \| author-link3 = James Hendler \| last4 = Shadbolt \| first4 = N. \| author-link4 = Nigel Shadbolt \| last5 = Weitzner \| first5 = D. \| title = Computer Science: Enhanced: Creating a Science of the Web \| url = http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262615/ \| doi = 10.1126/science.1126902 \| journal = Science \| volume = 313 \| issue = 5788 \| pages = 769–771 \| year = 2006 \| pmid = 16902115 \| s2cid = 5104030 \| access-date = 2021-11-26 \| archive-date = 2021-04-24 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210424135357/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262615/ \| url-status = live \| url-access = subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\| doi = 10.1145/1364782.1364798\| last1 = Hendler\| first1 = Jim\| author-link1 = Jim Hendler\| last2 = Shadbolt\| first2 = Nigel\| author-link2 = Nigel Shadbolt\| title = Web science: an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the web\| last3 = Hall\| first3 = Wendy\| author-link3 = Wendy Hall\| last4 = Berners-Lee\| first4 = Tim\| author-link4 = Tim Berners-Lee\| last5 = Weitzner\| first5 = Daniel\| journal = Communications of the ACM\| volume = 51\| issue = 7\| year = 2008\| url = http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/266555/1/CACM.pdf\| doi-access = free\| access-date = 2021-11-26\| archive-date = 2021-01-23\| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210123023447/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/266555/1/CACM.pdf\| url-status = live}}</ref> It considers the relationship between people and technology, the ways that society and technology co-constitute one another and the impact of this co-constitution on broader society. Web Science combines research from disciplines as diverse as [[sociology]], [[computer science]], [[economics]], and [[mathematics]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.slideshare.net/webscikorea/why-do-we-need-web-science-research\|title=Why Do We Need Web Science Research?\|date=6 December 2009\|access-date=29 June 2011\|archive-date=19 October 2012\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019202249/http://www.slideshare.net/webscikorea/why-do-we-need-web-science-research\|url-status=live}}</ref> ▲An earlier definition was given by American computer scientist [[Ben Shneiderman]]: "Web Science" is ~~the~~ processing the information available on the web in similar terms to those applied to natural environment.<ref>{{cite ~~doi~~journal \| doi = 10.1145/1247001.1247022 \|~~noedit~~ title=Web science \| journal=Communications of the ACM \| date=2007 \| volume=50 \| issue=6 \| pages=25–27 \| first=Ben \| last=Shneiderman\| s2cid=37743564 }}</ref> The Web Science Institute describes Web Science as focusing "the analytical power of researchers from disciplines as diverse as mathematics, sociology, economics, psychology, law and computer science to understand and explain the Web. It is necessarily interdisciplinary - as much about social and organizational behaviour as about the underpinning technology."<ref>http://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsi/about/what_is_web_science.page? Retrieved 12 June 2014.</ref> The Web Science Institute describes Web Science as focusing "the analytical power of researchers from disciplines as diverse as mathematics, sociology, economics, psychology, law and computer science to understand and explain the Web. It is necessarily interdisciplinary – as much about social and organizational behaviour as about the underpinning technology."<ref name=":0">{{cite web\|url=http://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsi/about/what_is_web_science.page?\|title=What is Web Science? – Web Science Institute – University of Southampton\|access-date=2021-11-26\|archive-date=2021-11-22\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122132050/https://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsi/about/what_is_web_science.page\|url-status=live}}</ref> A central pillar of Web science development is Artificial Intelligence or "AI". The current artificial intelligence that in development at the moment is Human-Centered, with goals to further professional development courses as well as influencing public policy. Artificial intelligence developers are focused on the most impactful uses of this technology, while also hoping to expedite the growth and development of the human race.<ref name=":0" /> == Research Groups ==▼ There are numerous academic research groups engaged in Web Science research,<ref>http://tw.rpi.edu/web/wsrc Web Science Research Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY</ref><ref>http://eng.webst.kaist.ac.kr/ Division of Web Science and Technology, KAIST, Korea</ref><ref>[http://west.uni-koblenz.de/ Institute for Web Science and Technologies, University of Koblenz-Landau]</ref><ref>[http://www.ebusiness-unibw.org/ E-Business and Web Science Research Group at Bundeswehr University Munich]</ref><ref>[http://dtc.webscience.ecs.soton.ac.uk/ The Web Science Doctoral Training Centre at the University of Southampton]</ref><ref>[http://www.jku.at/content/e262/e242/e2380/e131292 The Web Sciences Masters program at the Johannes Kepler University Linz]</ref><ref>[http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/news/4365 Web Science Institute, University of Southampton]</ref><ref>[http://webscience.blogs.usj.edu.lb The Interdisciplinary Research Unit in Web Science at Saint-Joseph University of Beirut]</ref> many of which are members of WSTNet, the [[Web Science Trust]] Network of research labs. ==Areas of activity== ===Emergent properties=== Philip Tetlow, an IBM-based scientist influential in the emergence of web science as an independent discipline,<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsi/news/2015/03/wsi-distinguished-lecture-phil-tetlow.page \| title=WSI Distinguished Lecture, Dr Phil Tetlow \| Web Science Institute \| University of Southampton }}</ref> argued for the concept of web life,<ref name="tetlow">{{cite book \| first=Philip D. \| last=Tetlow \|title=The Web's awake: an introduction to the field of Web science and the concept \|year=2007 \|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBskd46jR10C&dq=Gopala+Hemachandra&pg=PA79 \|isbn=978-0-470-13794-9 }}</ref> which considers the Web not as a connected network of computers, as in common interpretations of the [[Internet]], but rather as a [[sociotechnical]] machine<ref>Nijholt, A. (2009) Socio-Technical Implementation: Socio-technical Systems in the Context of Ubiquitous Computing, Ambient Intelligence, Embodied Virtuality, and the Internet of Things. In: Handbook of Research on Socio-Technical Design and Social Networking Systems. IGI Global.</ref> capable of fusing together individuals and organisations into larger coordinated groups. It argues that unlike the technologies that have come before it, the Web is different in that its phenomenal growth and complexity are starting to outstrip our capability to control it directly, making it impossible for us to grasp its completeness in one go. Tetlow made use of [[Fritjof Capra]]'s concept of the 'web of life' as a metaphor.<ref>{{cite book\| last=Capra \| first=Fritjof \| author-link=Fritjof Capra \| year=1997 \| title=The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems \| publisher=Anchor }}</ref><ref>Tetlow 2009, [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Investigations-into-Web-science-and-the-concept-of-Tetlow/c305acf463dc55c96a15ef257844a251916b3231#references Investigations into Web science and the concept of Web life]</ref> ▲== Research ~~Groups~~groups == There are numerous academic research groups engaged in Web Science research,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://tw.rpi.edu/web/wsrc\|title=WSTNet at RPI: Web Science Research Center\|date=30 October 2012\|access-date=17 April 2013\|archive-date=25 June 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625103850/http://tw.rpi.edu/web/wsrc\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://eng.webst.kaist.ac.kr/\|title=웹사이언스 공학\|publisher=eng.webst.kaist.ac.kr\|access-date=2013-03-23\|archive-date=2013-10-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017151811/http://eng.webst.kaist.ac.kr/\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://west.uni-koblenz.de/\|title=Institute WeST\|access-date=2012-10-14\|archive-date=2013-01-16\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116132242/http://west.uni-koblenz.de/\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ebusiness-unibw.org/\|title=E-Business and Web Science Research Group at Bundeswehr University Munich\|access-date=2011-06-29\|archive-date=2011-07-01\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701105414/http://ebusiness-unibw.org/\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://dtc.webscience.ecs.soton.ac.uk/\|title=Education – Web Science Institute – University of Southampton\|access-date=2013-07-30\|archive-date=2013-08-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807173457/http://dtc.webscience.ecs.soton.ac.uk/\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.jku.at/content/e262/e242/e2380/e131292\|title=JKU » Webwissenschaften – Master\|access-date=2013-11-29\|archive-date=2018-01-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117045116/http://www.jku.at/content/e262/e242/e2380/e131292\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/news/4365\|title=New Web Science Institute to explore how the Web will shape our future – Electronics and Computer Science – University of Southampton\|access-date=2013-12-01\|archive-date=2013-12-03\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203043145/http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/news/4365\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://webscience.blogs.usj.edu.lb\|title=UIR Web Science @CEMAM – USJ – Beirut / Lebanon\|access-date=2021-11-26\|archive-date=2020-07-13\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713180518/http://webscience.blogs.usj.edu.lb/\|url-status=live}}</ref> many of which are members of WSTNet, the [[Web Science Trust]] Network of research labs. Health Web Science emerged as a sub-discipline of Web Science that studies the role of the Web's impact on human's health outcomes and how to further utilize the Web to improve health outcomes.<ref>http://www.websci11.org/workshops/health-web-science-workshop/ {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125113536/http://www.websci11.org/workshops/health-web-science-workshop/ \|date=2013-11-25 }}></ref><ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.websci12.org/workshops/health-web-science-workshop \|title=Health Web Science \| ACM Web Science 2012 \|access-date=2021-11-26 \|archive-date=2014-09-03 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903092934/http://www.websci12.org/workshops/health-web-science-workshop \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal\|title=The Emergent Discipline of Health Web Science\|first1=Joanne S\|last1=Luciano\|first2=Grant P\|last2=Cumming\|first3=Mark D\|last3=Wilkinson\|first4=Eva\|last4=Kahana\|journal=Journal of Medical Internet Research\|date=1 January 2013\|volume=15\|issue=8\|pages=e166\|doi=10.2196/jmir.2499\|pmid=23968998\|pmc=3758025\|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| doi = 10.1561/1800000019 \| volume=4 \| title=Health Web Science \| journal=Foundations and Trends in Web Science \| year=2013 \| pages=269–419\| last1=Luciano \| first1=Joanne S. \| issue=4 }}</ref> These groups focus on the developmental possibilities, provided through Web Science, in areas such as health care and social welfare. Discussion of web science has been widely adopted as a method in which the internet can have a real world impact in the field of medicine, currently coined Medicine 2.0. The [[World Wide Web]] acts as a medium for the spread and circulation of knowledge, though these various research groups consider themselves responsible for maintaining verifiable and testable knowledge. Using their knowledge of the healthcare system as well as web science, researchers are focused on formatting and structuring their knowledge in a way that is easily accessible throughout the internet. The World Wide Web is quickly evolving meaning that the information we provide and its formatting must also. Recognizing the overlap between both aspects, the spread of knowledge and development of the internet, allows us to properly display our knowledge in a manner that evolves as quickly as the internet and everyday medical research. The accessibility of the internet and quick development of knowledge must be companied with efficient formatting to allocate successful dissemination of information, as described by these various researcher groups.<ref name=":1" /> == Related major conferences == <!-- New links in alphabetical order please --> * [[Association for Computing Machinery\|ACM]] Web Science Conference▼ * [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM), Hypertext Conference (HT) sponsored by [[ACM SIGWEB\|SIGWEB]] * [[International World Wide Web Conference]] (WWW) * ACM SIGCHI [[Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems]] (CHI) * International [[Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence\|AAAI]] Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM) * ~~The~~ [[~~Association~~International ~~for~~World ~~Computing~~Wide ~~Machinery~~Web Conference\|~~ACM]]~~The ~~SIGCHI~~Web [[Conference ~~on Human Factors in Computing Systems~~]] (~~CHI~~WWW) ▲* [[Association for Computing Machinery~~\|ACM~~]] (ACM) Web Science Conference (WebSci) == See also == * [[Digital anthropology]] * [[Digital sociology]] * [[Health web science\|Health Web Science]] * [[Sociology of the Internet]] * [[Technology and society]] * [[Web Science Trust]] == References == {{reflist\|30em}} == External links == * [http://www.nowpublishers.com/product.aspx?product=WEB&doi=1800000001 A Framework for Web Science] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209210430/https://www.nowpublishers.com/product.aspx?product=WEB&doi=1800000001 \|date=2021-12-09 }} * [http://www.w3.org/2007/Talks/1018-websci-mit-tbl/ Talk on web science] by [[W3C]] * [http://west.uni-koblenz.de/mws MSc on Web Science at Institute WeST, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209044555/https://west.uni-koblenz.de/mws \|date=2021-12-09 }} * [http://www.jku.at/content/e262/e242/e2380/e131292 MSc on Web Sciences divided into different branches of study at Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117045116/http://www.jku.at/content/e262/e242/e2380/e131292 \|date=2018-01-17 }} * [http://www-typo3.cs.ucl.ac.uk/admissions/msc_web_science/ MSc on Web Science and Big Data Analytics at University College London, UK] * {{YouTube\|9SqUngY0e5U\|What is Web Science? (Video clip)}} * [http://webscience-education-workshop.blogs.usj.edu.lb The Web Science Education Workshop] * [http://webscience-education-workshop.blogs.usj.edu.lb/about-web-science-education/ The Web Science Education Map] * [http://webscience.fh-koeln.de/live/ Master's Programme WebScience at Cologne University of Applied Sciences] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531000026/http://webscience.fh-koeln.de/live/ \|date=2015-05-31 }} * [http://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsi/ The Web Science Institute at the University of Southampton] {{Semantic Web}} [[Category:~~World Wide Web~~Cyberspace]] [[Category:Digital media]] [[Category:Web science\| ]]