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{{Short description|Suburban commuter rail network in Vienna, Austria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Rapid transit OSM map|display=title|text=Network map}}
{{Infobox public transit
|box_width =
|name = Vienna S-Bahn
|image = S-Bahn Austria.svg
|alt = logo of the Vienna S-Bahn
|imagesize = 60
|image2 = I09 602 Bf Matzleinsdorfer Platz, 4020 229.jpg
|alt2 = A [[ÖBB Class 4020|4020]] EMU at Wien Matzleinsdorfer Platz
|imagesize2 =
|caption2 = A [[ÖBB Class 4020|4020]] EMU at Wien Matzleinsdorfer Platz
|owner = ÖBB
|locale = [[Vienna]], Austria
|transit_type = [[S-Bahn]]
|lines = 10
|stations = 181 <small>(52 of them in Vienna)</small>
|ridership = 300,000
|annual_ridership =
|chief_executive =
|headquarters = Vienna
|website = [http://www.oebb.at/en/entdecken/s-bahn-wien-noe-bgld Vienna S-Bahn]
|began_operation = {{start date|1962|01|17|df=y}}
|ended_operation =
|operator = [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]]
|marks =
|host =
|vehicles =
|train_length =
|headway =
|system_length = {{convert|650|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|notrack =
|track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}}
|ogauge =
|minimum_radius_of_curvature = <!-- {{convert|0|ft|0|in|mm|0}} -->
|el = 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC [[Overhead lines]]
|average_speed = <!-- {{convert|0|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} -->
|top_speed = <!-- {{convert|0|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} -->
|map = [[File:Karte S-Bahn Wien.png|frameless|center|[[Schematic]] of the Vienna S-Bahn]]
|map_name =
|map_state = show
}}
The '''Vienna S-Bahn''' is a suburban [[commuter rail]] network in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]. As opposed to the city-run urban metro network, the [[Vienna U-Bahn]], it extends beyond the borders of the city, is operated by the [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]] (Austrian Federal Railways), and consists of many [[branch line]]s. ''[[S-Bahn]]'' is short for ''Schnellbahn'', which can be translated as "rapid railway".
== Network ==
[[File:Bahnsystem in Wien.png|thumb|right|S-Bahn Wien, map of stations within Vienna, valid from 2020]]
The Vienna S-Bahn consists of a multitude of branch lines extending beyond the city boundary, most of which converge at a central route segment called the ''Stammstrecke'' ("trunk line"). While many of the individual lines run at half-hourly or hourly intervals, they are able to offer combined frequencies of only a few minutes or less along the ''Stammstrecke''. Only line S45 operates entirely within Vienna's boundaries.
Unlike many S-Bahn networks in Germany, the Vienna S-Bahn is not a separate rail network. It is integrated with, and part of, the national railway system. As such, S-Bahn trains share tracks with regional trains (which travel further than the S-Bahn, some regional lines crossing into neighbouring countries) and other rail traffic, including freight trains.
The numbering of the lines has changed since the partial opening of the [[Wien Hauptbahnhof]] on 9 December 2012.<ref name="netzplan">{{cite web |title=Netzplan Nahverkehr Großraum Wien 2013 |url=http://www.oebb.at/__downloads/de/Reisen_in_Oesterreich/W-N-B_Nahverkehr/Netzplan_2013.pdf |publisher=[[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]] |language=de |access-date=1 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209000727/http://www.oebb.at/__downloads/de/Reisen_in_Oesterreich/W-N-B_Nahverkehr/Netzplan_2013.pdf |archive-date=9 February 2013 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" style="background-color:#3A5FCD;color:#FFFFFF;" | Train services since 2023
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
! Line !! Route and intervals <!-- minute sign: ′ (U+2032) --> !! Lines used
|-
| {{ric|Vienna S-Bahn|S1}} || '''[[Wien Meidling railway station|Vienna Meidling]]''' – 30′ – '''[[Gänserndorf]]''' – 60′ – '''[[Marchegg]]''' || [[Stammstrecke (Vienna)|Stammstrecke]] – [[North railway (Austria)|Nordbahn]] – [[Gänserndorf–Marchegg railway|Gänserndorf–Marchegg]]
|-
| {{ric|Vienna S-Bahn|S2}} || '''[[Mödling railway station|Mödling]]''' – 30′ – [[Wien Rennweg railway station|Vienna Rennweg]] – 30′ – [[Wien Floridsdorf railway station|Vienna Floridsdorf]] – 30′ – [[Wolkersdorf im Weinviertel|Wolkersdorf]] – 60′ – '''[[Mistelbach]]''' (– [[Laa an der Thaya]]) || [[Southern Railway (Austria)|Südbahn]] – [[Stammstrecke (Vienna)|Stammstrecke]] – [[North railway (Austria)|Nordbahn]] – [[Laaer Ostbahn]]
|-
| {{ric|Vienna S-Bahn|S3}} || '''[[Wiener Neustadt Hauptbahnhof|Wiener Neustadt Hbf]]''' – 60′ – [[Leobersdorf]] – 30′/60′ – [[Mödling]] – 30′ – Vienna Floridsdorf – 30′ – [[Stockerau]] – 60′ – '''[[Hollabrunn]]''' || [[Southern Railway (Austria)|Südbahn]] – [[Stammstrecke (Vienna)|Stammstrecke]] – [[North railway (Austria)|Nordbahn]] – [[Nordwestbahn]]
|-
| {{ric|Vienna S-Bahn|S4}} || '''[[Wiener Neustadt Hauptbahnhof|Wiener Neustadt Hbf]]''' – 60′ – [[Leobersdorf]] – 30′/60′ – [[Mödling]] – 30′ – Vienna Floridsdorf – 30′ – [[Stockerau]] – ≈60′/120′ – '''[[Absdorf]]-[[Königsbrunn am Wagram|Hippersdorf]]''' (– [[Tullnerfeld railway station|Tullnerfeld]]) || [[Southern Railway (Austria)|Südbahn]] – [[Stammstrecke (Vienna)|Stammstrecke]] – [[North railway (Austria)|Nordbahn]] – [[Nordwestbahn]] – {{ill|Absdorf-Hippersdorf–Stockerau railway|de|Bahnstrecke Absdorf-Hippersdorf–Stockerau}} (– [[Franz-Josefs-Bahn]] – {{ill|Tullnerfelder Bahn|de}})
|-
| {{ric|Vienna S-Bahn|S7}} || '''[[Wolfsthal]]''' – 60′ – [[Flughafen Wien railway station|Vienna International Airport]] – 30′ – Vienna Rennweg – 30′ – [[Wien Floridsdorf railway station|Vienna Floridsdorf]] – 30′/60′ – [[Wolkersdorf im Weinviertel|Wolkersdorf]] – 60′ – '''[[Mistelbach]]''' – 60′ – [[Laa an der Thaya]] || {{ill|Pressburger Bahn|de}} – {{ill|Donauländebahn|de}} – {{ill|Aspangbahn|de}} – [[Stammstrecke (Vienna)|Stammstrecke]] – [[North railway (Austria)|Nordbahn]] – [[Laaer Ostbahn]]
|-
| {{ric|Vienna S-Bahn|S40}} || '''[[Wien Franz-Josefs-Bahnhof|Vienna Franz-Josefs-Bahnhof]]''' – 30′ – [[Tulln an der Donau|Tulln Stadt]] – 60′ – '''[[St. Pölten Hauptbahnhof|St. Pölten Hbf]]''' || [[Franz-Josefs-Bahn]] – {{ill|Tullnerfelder Bahn|de}}
|-
| {{ric|Vienna S-Bahn|S45}} || '''[[Wien Handelskai railway station|Vienna Handelskai]]''' – 10′/15′ – '''[[Wien Hütteldorf railway station|Vienna Hütteldorf]]''' || {{ill|Donauuferbahn (Vienna)|de|lt=Donauuferbahn}} – [[Vorortelinie (Vienna)|Vorortelinie]]
|-
| {{ric|Vienna S-Bahn|S50}} || '''[[Wien Westbahnhof railway station|Vienna West]]''' – 15′ – [[Purkersdorf|Unter Purkersdorf]] – 30′ – '''[[Eichgraben]]-[[Altlengbach]]''' || [[Western Railway (Austria)|Westbahn]]
|-
| {{ric|Vienna S-Bahn|S60}} || '''[[Bruck an der Leitha]]''' – 30′/60′ – [[Wien Hauptbahnhof|Vienna Central]] – 60′/120′ – [[Ebenfurth]] – 60′/120′ – '''Wiener Neustadt Central''' || [[Eastern Railway (Austria)|Ostbahn]] – [[Southern Railway (Austria)|Südbahn]] – {{ill|Pottendorfer Linie|de}}
|-
| {{ric|Vienna S-Bahn|S80}} || '''[[Wien Aspern Nord railway station|Vienna Aspern Nord]]''' – 60′ – Vienna Central – 30′/60′ – '''Vienna Hütteldorf''' || [[Marchegger Ostbahn]] – [[Laaer Ostbahn]] – {{ill|Wiener Verbindungsbahn|de|lt=Verbindungsbahn}}
|}
All lines, except for S45, have trains that [[Through-running|go further]] and ones that [[Short-turn|do not run to the terminal]].
== History ==
[[File:S-Bahn Wien.svg|200px|thumb|right|Former S-Bahn logo (1962–2006)]]
The [[Vienna Stadtbahn|Wiener Stadtbahn]], which belonged to the Commission for Transport Facilities in Vienna and was operated by the [[Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways]], was in its original mode of operation (1898–1925) a forerunner of the S-Bahn, since it was a mainline railway (''{{ill|Vollbahn|de}}''), which also handled local traffic. However, since other factors, such as military transports, long-distance traffic, etc., played an important role in their planning and the railway was operated with steam locomotives, it was not particularly successful.
As a result, numerous proposals were made to improve the situation, but most of them failed. In all of these pre-WWII proposals, generally no distinction was made between mainline railway and metro, so many proposals under the name "U-Bahn" mostly included mainline railway facilities. The original Stadtbahn plans included more lines than were actually built; said plans remained [[Safeguarding (planning law)|legally safeguarded]] until 1951. However, the Stadtbahn, which had been shut down after 1918, was electrified and reopened in 1925 by the Vienna city administration as the Wiener Elektrische Stadtbahn and in a common fare network with the [[Trams in Vienna|tram]]; for the rolling stock, turning loops were built in Hütteldorf and Heiligenstadt and at [[Gumpendorfer Straße station]], connecting tracks to the tram network were also built so that the Stadtbahn cars used could also run on the tram. The track connections to the mainline rail network, on the other hand, were shut down or dismantled. The light rail was thus eliminated for an operation that was spreading to the region.
[[File:WildganshofTafel.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Map of the Wildganshof housing estate, showing a projected (but unbuilt) elevated railway or U-Bahn line in red. (May 2007)]]
When the {{ill|Wildganshof|de}} ''[[Gemeindebau]]'' housing estate in the [[Landstraße|3rd district]] was built in 1931–33, it was designed so that an elevated passenger railway line intersecting diagonally between the apartment blocks would have been possible. In the entrance area of the complex there is a board in which this planned route is referred to as a U-Bahn.
After the ''[[Anschluss]]'' of 1938, the Siemens Bau Union developed a combined U-Bahn and S-Bahn network with municipal offices, the latter intended to be operated by the [[Deutsche Reichsbahn]]. Although the planned network was extremely extensive, due to the onset of World War II that plan was not able to go beyond test drilling. In the post-war period, there were new proposals, but these rarely had an official character. A proposal by Otmar Denk from 1947 was very similar to the project that was later realised.<ref>Denk, O. (1947). Der Vollbahnverkehr durch Wien: Gedanken zur Koordinierung der Verkehrseinrichtungen in Wien im Rahmen des Wiederaufbaues. Selbstverl. d. Österr. Institut f. Wirtschaftsforschung.</ref>
Planning for the mainline S-Bahn network for Vienna was started in 1954 as a part of reconstruction of the [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]] and especially the [[Wien Südbahnhof]]. Concrete plans were completed by 1955, but financing was not secured until 1958. The collapse of the investment budget of the city of Vienna led to a partial stop of construction in 1960, necessitating a postponing of the grand opening of the network by a little over a year.
The S-Bahn era in Austria began on 17 January 1962. Its official opening was attended by over 900 invited guests, including [[President of Austria|Federal President]] [[Adolf Schärf]] and Vice Chancellor [[Bruno Pittermann]]. After a day of testing the network with empty trains, passenger transport began at 11:45pm the following day. Steam locomotives were then prohibited from the section between Meidling and Praterstern. The station Hauptzollamt was renamed "Landstraße" (now [[Wien Mitte railway station|Wien Mitte]]), analogous to the Stadtbahn station.
The S-Bahn was an immediate success. There was severe overcrowding, which could only be eliminated by replacing the single sets with double sets. An agreement was concluded with [[Wiener Linien|Wiener Stadtwerke – Verkehrsbetriebe]] which allowed passengers to use other parallel modes of transport without additional ticket purchase in the event of service disruptions. In 1963, the first television monitors for train handling were installed on a trial basis in the Südbahnhof stop (now [[Wien Quartier Belvedere railway station|Wien Quartier Belvedere]]). On the ''Stammstrecke'', trains were initially run every quarter of an hour, but already in October 1962 the traffic between Floridsdorf and Landstraße was increased in the rush hour, and from 1964 on the entire ''Stammstrecke''.
Since 3 June 1984, the Vienna S-Bahn has formed part of the integrated fare structure of the {{ill|Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region|de}} (VOR) of Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland.
From 1962 until 2005, the term ''S-Bahn'' was rarely used, the full term ''Schnellbahn'' being preferred. Starting with the 2005/2006 timetable, however, ''S-Bahn'' has begun to appear in timetables and loudspeaker announcements. Announcements in [[Badner Bahn]] trains still use the term ''Schnellbahn'' as of 2009.
{{anchor|Stammstrecke|Trunk line}}
== The ''Stammstrecke'' ==
{{seealso|Verbindungsbahn (Vienna)}}
[[File:S-Bahn Meidling - Floridsdorf Wien.png|250px|right]]
The ''{{ill|Stammstrecke (Wien)|de|lt=Stammstrecke}}'', which translates to "Trunk line", of the Vienna S-Bahn has a length of 13.3 km (8.3 mi) with trains running at [[headway]]s comparable to those of the [[Vienna U-Bahn]]. Since 2017, it is shown on maps (including U-Bahn maps) as a dusty pink line.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.railtech.com/policy/2019/12/27/obb-improves-overnight-s-bahn-service-in-vienna/|title=ÖBB improves overnight S-Bahn service in Vienna | RailTech.com|date=27 December 2019|website=RailTech.com | Online News for the Railway Industry}}</ref> From the south to the north, the following stations are served:
[[File:13-05-24-wien-RalfR-225.jpg|thumb|right|Interior of an S-Bahn train]]
* [[Wien Meidling railway station|Wien Meidling]]
* [[Wien Matzleinsdorfer Platz railway station|Wien Matzleinsdorfer Platz]]
* [[Wien Hauptbahnhof]] (formerly Südtiroler Platz)
* [[Wien Quartier Belvedere railway station|Wien Quartier Belvedere]] (formerly [[Wien Südbahnhof]] tracks 21/22)
* [[Wien Rennweg railway station|Wien Rennweg]]
* [[Wien Mitte railway station|Wien Mitte]] (formerly Landstraße)
* [[Wien Praterstern railway station|Wien Praterstern]] (formerly Wien Nord)
* [[Wien Traisengasse railway station|Wien Traisengasse]]
* [[Wien Handelskai railway station|Wien Handelskai]]
* Strandbäder (closed 2002)
* [[Wien Floridsdorf railway station|Wien Floridsdorf]]
The ''Stammstrecke'' is expected to be extensively modernised, including a signalling upgrade to [[European Train Control System|ETCS Level 2]], between 2023 and 2027.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://presse-oebb.at/News_Detail.aspx?id=174906&menueid=27028 | title=ÖBB: Die S-Bahn Wien erhält ein zukunftsweisendes Upgrade }}</ref>
{{anchor|Vorortelinie|Suburban line}}
== The ''Vorortelinie'' ==
[[File:S-Bahn Handelskai - Hütteldorf Wien.png|250px|right]]
The most highly frequented single line in Vienna is the [[S45 (Vienna)|S45 ''Vorortelinie'']], which translates to "Suburban line". The localities along this line all lie within the city proper, although they had been independent until the late nineteenth century, when they were incorporated, six years before this line opened. Originally part of [[Otto Wagner]]'s federally operated [[Vienna Stadtbahn|Stadtbahn]], this line was not taken over by the city with the rest of the network in 1925. The line was subsequently closed to passengers in 1932. Although still used for freight traffic for several decades afterwards, the line would not see passenger traffic again until 1987, when it was reopened as part of the S-Bahn after extensive renovation.
Many of the original Otto Wagner stations are still standing and still in use. However, two of the present stations, [[Wien Breitensee railway station|Breitensee]] and [[Wien Oberdöbling railway station|Oberdöbling]] were demolished after the original line's closure and rebuilt in a different style by architects Alois Machatschek and Wilfried Schermann. One new station, [[Wien Krottenbachstraße railway station|Krottenbachstraße]], was added to the refurbished line, and two of the original line's stations, ''Baumgarten'' and ''Unterdöbling'', which had also been demolished, were not replaced. Rebuilding ''Unterdöbling'' station is proposed for the near future, as is extending the line south to the [[Reichsbrücke]]. The line was extended from [[Heiligenstadt, Vienna|Heiligenstadt]] to [[Wien Handelskai railway station|Handelskai]] in 1996, to allow for an easy connection to line ''U6'' of the [[Vienna U-Bahn]].
The ''Vorortelinie'' runs at headways of 10 minutes (daytime on weekdays), and is shown on maps (including U-Bahn maps) as a light green line.
== Rolling stock ==
=== Current ===
* [[ÖBB Class 4020]] (since 1979)
* {{ill|Nahverkehrs-Doppelstockwagen der ÖBB|de|lt=ÖBB commuter double deck cars}} hauled by [[EuroSprinter#ES 64 U|ÖBB Class 1116]] or [[ÖBB Class 1144]] locomotives (since 1996)
* [[Bombardier Talent|ÖBB Class 4024]] (since 2004)
* [[Siemens Desiro#Austria 2|ÖBB Class 4744/4746 "''cityjet''"]] (since 2015)
<gallery>
Schnellbahn Wien 6020050 199110.jpg |A Class 4020 EMU in his original painting between Rennweg and Quartier Belvedere
Wien IMG 7210 (9443635084).jpg|An ÖBB double deck [[Control car|cab car]] at Wien Praterstern
ÖBB Schnellbahn S-Bahn Wien S45 891433.jpg|A Class 4024 EMU at Wien Gersthof
Cityjet in Floridsdorf.jpg|A Class 4746 EMU at [[Wien Floridsdorf railway station|Wien Floridsdorf]]
</gallery>
==
* [[ÖBB Class 4030]] (from 1962 until 2004)
* {{ill|ÖBB 5145|de|lt=ÖBB Class 5145}} (partly as [[multiple working]] with Class 4030)
* [[DB Class 420]] (1970 trial)
* [[SBB-CFF-FFS Re 450]] (1992 double-decker train trial)
<gallery>
066R03270180 Haltestelle Strandbäder, Blick Richtung Nordbahnbrücke, Schnellbahn Lok 6030.205.jpg |A Class 4030 EMU at Station Strandbäder
Oggau 6645-004 198708.jpg|A 5145 DMU with [[Control car|cab car]] at first at Oggau
</gallery>
== Future plans ==
Demands for the extension of the S7 to the Slovakian capital city [[Bratislava]] have been made since 1990; the realisation fails because the ÖBB has sold the right-of-way off the ''{{ill|Pressburger Bahn|de}}'' from the Wolfsthal terminus to the Slovakian border to private individuals{{when|date=August 2025}}.
Furthermore, in December 2014, in the course of the new construction of Wien Hauptbahnhof on the site of the former Südbahnhof, the construction of a connection between the Ostbahn and the airport rapid transit line was completed in order to create an optimal connection to Vienna Airport. The double-track connection was built in the vicinity of the Zentralverschiebebahnhof–Kledering–[[Vienna Central Cemetery|Zentralfriedhof]] and has been scheduled since 14 December 2014. According to plans of the ÖBB, the new connection could be run as line S75 from the airport to Vienna Central Station and then on the S-Bahn ''Stammstrecke'' from Wien Meidling to Wien Hütteldorf with appropriate financing by the states of Vienna and Lower Austria.
An extension of the suburban line S45 from Handelskai to Donaumarina U2 station along the freight-only {{ill|Donauuferbahn (Vienna)|de|lt=Donauuferbahn}}, with through-running on the current line S80 to form a {{ill|S-Bahn-Ring Wien|de|lt=S-Bahn Ring}} linking the [[Laaer Ostbahn]] at Haidestraße and then connecting to the ''Stammstrecke'' at Wien Hauptbahnhof, has been under discussion since 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meinbezirk.at/penzing/c-lokales/alle-parteien-im-gemeinderat-fuer-s-bahn-ring_a3078888|title = S45 und S80: Alle Parteien im Gemeinderat für S-Bahn Ring| date=3 December 2018 }}</ref>
The [[Wien Penzing–Wien Meidling railway line|Penzing–Meidling ''Verbindungsbahn'']], which was noticeably relieved by the [[Lainz Tunnel]], is also to be upgraded between Hütteldorf and Meidling. In addition to a complete renovation and large-scale grade-separation works, the two stations Hietzinger Hauptstraße and Stranzenbergbrücke are to be rebuilt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://infrastruktur.oebb.at/de/projekte-fuer-oesterreich/bahnstrecken/grossraum-wien/attraktivierung-verbindungsbahn/rund-um-die-planung|title=Rund um die Planung}}</ref> As of 2020, preparatory work is expected to begin around 2023 and completion is expected in 2026.
== Network Map ==
{{Rapid transit OSM map
| system_qid = Q695595
| frame-lat = 48.15
| frame-long = 16.2
| frame-width = 850
| frame-height = 700
| zoom = 9
| length = yes
}}
== See also ==
* [[Trams in Vienna]]
* [[Vienna Metro]]
* [[Wiener Lokalbahnen]]
* [[Transportation in Vienna]]
== References ==
<references />
== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{official website}}
{{Public transport in Vienna}}
{{Urban public transport in Austria}}
{{Urban rail transit in EU}}
[[
[[Category:Transport in Vienna]]
[[Category:S-Bahn in Austria]]
[[Category:15 kV AC railway electrification]]
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