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{{Short description|None}}
{{Venezolanos}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2023}}
The '''Demographics of [[Venezuela]]''' are the condition and overview of [[Venezuela]]'s peoples. [[Demographics|Demographic]] topics include basic education, [[Healthcare in Venezuela|health]], and population statistics as well as identified racial and religious affiliations.
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox place demographics
| place = [[Venezuela]]
| image = Venezuela single age population pyramid 2020.png
| image_size = 350
| caption = [[Population pyramid]] of Venezuela in 2020
| size_of_population = 28,047,657 (2022 est.)
 
| growth = 2.43% (2022 est.)
{{TOCleft}}
| birth = 15.6 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
== Background and overview ==
| death = 8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
[[Venezuela]]'s peoples are descended primarily from forebearers of [[indigenous peoples|Venezuelan indigenous]], [[African]], and Spanish [[European]] heritage. Although the [[Castilian]] dialect of the [[Spanish language]] is the official language, there are spoken numerous indigenous languages. Some 85% of the Venezuelan population currently resides in the urban conglomerations ([[Caracas]], [[Valencia (Venezuela)|Valencia]], [[Maracaibo]], ''et cetera'') that are concentrated in Venezuela's northern coastal mountain strip. Nearly half of Venezuela's geographic area lies south of the [[Orinoco River]]; however, this region contains only 5% of the Venezuelan population.
| net_migration = 13.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population
| infant_mortality = 17.72 deaths/1,000 live births
| age_0–14_years = 26.33%
| age_15–64_years = 64.75%
| age_65_years = 8.92%
| sr_at_birth = 1.05 male(s)/female
| total_mf_ratio = 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
| life = 73.29 years
| life_male = 70.12 years
| life_female = 76.62 years
| fertility = 2.0 children (2022 est.)
<!-- nationality -->
| nation = [[Venezuelans|Venezuelan]]
| major_ethnic = {{unbulleted list
|{{Tree list}}
* [[Moreno Venezuelans|Multiracial]] (51.6%)<ref name="Census-ethnics"/>
* [[Venezuelans of European descent|White]] (43.6%)<ref name="Census-ethnics"/>
** [[Spanish immigration to Venezuela|Spanish]] (N/D)
** [[Italian Venezuelans|Italian]] (N/D)
** [[Portuguese Venezuelans|Portuguese]] (N/D)
** Others (N/D)
{{tree list/end}}}}
| minor_ethnic = {{unbulleted list
|{{Tree list}}
* [[Afro-Venezuelans|African]] (3.6%)<ref name="Census-ethnics"/>
* Others (1.2%)
{{tree list/end}}}}
<!-- language -->
| official = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| spoken = [[Languages of Venezuela]]
}}
 
[[Venezuela]] is a country in South America. The Venezuelan people comprise a combination of heritages, primarily Native American and European. The historically present Native American, Spanish colonists, and African slaves have all contributed to varying degrees. Later, waves of European groups (Italians, Spanish, Portuguese and Germans) migrated to Venezuela in the 20th century, influencing many aspects of Venezuelan life, including its culture, language, food, and music though small in number.
Venezuela's criminality has dramatically risen since 1998. It has one of the highest rates of murders per 100000 inhabitants in all Latin America, as the reports from United Nations' Office on Drugs and Crimes show.
Venezuela's Human Development Index for 2005 was 0.772 or rank 75. In 1998, Venezuela had the position 65.
 
About 51% of the population is [[mestizo]] (mixed white and indigenous); Europeans and Arabs (whites) make up 43% of the population, Africans 3.6%, Amerindian people 2%, and other races, mostly Asians, make up 1.2%.<ref name=Census-ethnics/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=95&Itemid=26|title=Censos de población y vivienda|website=Ine.gob.ve|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref>
== Population ==
About 85% of the population live in urban areas in the northern portion of the country and currently reside in the urban conglomerations ([[Caracas]], [[Maracay]], [[Maracaibo]], [[Valencia, Carabobo|Valencia]], etc.) that are concentrated in Venezuela's northern coastal mountain strip. Nearly half of Venezuela's geographic area lies south of the [[Orinoco River]]; however, this region contains only 5% of the Venezuelan population.
[[Image:Venezuela-demography.png|thumb|right|500px|Population data on Venezuela (Year plotted vs. total population (in thousands)). Chart shows the total population between 1961 and 2005; the steady upwards trend is particularly notable. Data is from 2005 [[FAO]] reports.]]
 
{{ucfirst:{{UN_Population|source}}}} estimate puts Venezuela's total population at {{UN_Population|Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)}} inhabitants.{{UN_Population|ref}} Additionally, over the past five years, Venezuelan society's general age structure has been trending towards the homologous structure found in Cuba, Western Europe, Japan, and other healthy and rapidly ageing societies. Notably, there has been a significant increase in the proportion and gross numbers of elderly Venezuelans (aged 65 and up), as well as a corresponding drop in the total fertility. More than 7 million people, that is 20 per cent of the population, have left Venezuela in the last years, [[Venezuelan refugee crisis|mostly as refugees]] due to the economic and political situation.<ref>[https://www.unhcr.org/emergencies/venezuela-situation Venezuela Situation] at [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]</ref>
=== Overview ===
 
The July 2005 [https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ve.html#People CIA] estimate puts Venezuela's total population at '''25,375,281''' inhabitants. It should be noted that many Venezuelan government officials, statisticians, and activists consider this a gross underestimate. Notably, the 2005 INE estimate is 26,577,423 inhabitants. Additionally, over the past five years, Venezuelan society's general age structure has been trending towards the homologous structure found in Cuba, Western Europe, Japan, and other healthy and rapidly aging societies. Notably, there has been a significant increase in the proportion and gross numbers of elderly Venezuelans (aged 65 and up), as well as a corresponding drop in the total fertility rate.
== Population ==
{{Historical populations
| source =
| title = Census population
| 1873|1732411
| 1881|2005139
| 1891|2221572
| 1920|2479525
| 1926|2814131
| 1936|3364347
| 1941|3850771
| 1950|5034838
| 1961|7523999
| 1971|10721522
| 1981|14516735
| 1990|18105265
| 2001|23232553
| 2011|27722793
}}
 
According to {{UN_Population|source}} the total population was {{UN_Population|Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)}} in {{UN_Population|Year}}, compared to only 5,482,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 29.5%, 64.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 5.6% was 65 years or older.<ref name="WPP 2010">{{Cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm|url-status=dead|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|archivedate=6 May 2011|website=population.un.org}}</ref>
=== Total population ===
* The 2005 CIA estimate is 25,375,281 inhabitants in Venezuela.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
=== Life expectancy at birth ===
{|style="border:1px; border: thin solid gold; background-color:#f7f8ff" cellpadding="7"
|-align="center" bgcolor="#e6e9ff"
!Group!!Longevity<br>(years)
|-
!
|Total population:||74.31
! width="70pt"|Total population
! width="70pt"|Proportion<br />aged 0–14<br />(%)
! width="70pt"|Proportion<br />aged 15–64<br />(%)
! width="70pt"|Proportion<br />aged 65+<br />(%)
|-
| 1950
|Females:||77.58
| 5,482,000 || 43.5 || 54.6 || 1.9
|-
| 1955
|Males:||71.27
| 6,758,000 || 44.8 || 53.1 || 2.0
|}<br>
|-
| 1960
| 8,147,000 || 45.6 || 51.9 || 2.4
|-
| 1965
| 9,825,000 || 46.4 || 51.0 || 2.6
|-
| 1970
| 11,588,000 || 45.7 || 51.5 || 2.8
|-
| 1975
| 13,361,000 || 43.3 || 53.6 || 3.0
|-
| 1980
| 15,344,000 || 40.7 || 56.2 || 3.2
|-
| 1985
| 17,508,000 || 38.8 || 57.8 || 3.4
|-
| 1990
| 19,862,000 || 37.9 || 58.4 || 3.7
|-
| 1995
| 22,189,000 || 36.3 || 59.8 || 3.9
|-
| 2000
| 24,192,000 || 34.0 || 61.5 || 4.5
|-
| 2005
| 26,432,000 || 31.7 || 63.3 || 5.0
|-
| 2010
| 28,440,000 || 29.9 || 64.5 || 5.6
|-
| 2015
| 30,082,000 || 28.4 || 65.3 || 6.4
|-
| 2020
| 28,436,000 || 27.3 || 64.8 || 8.0
|}
 
{{GraphChart
=== Population growth rate ===
| width = 450
* 1.4% (2005 estimate).
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=year
| yAxisTitle= million
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
 
| y1= 8.1, 8.4, 8.7, 9.1, 9.4, 9.7, 10, 10.4, 10.7, 11, 11.4,11.7,12.1,12.5,12.8,13.2,13.6,14,14.4,14.8,15.2,15.6, 16, 16.4, 16.9, 17.3, 17.8, 18.2, 18.7, 19.2, 19.6, 20.1, 20.6, 21, 21.5, 21.9, 22.4, 22.8, 23.3, 23.7, 24.2, 24.6, 25.1, 25.6, 26, 26.4, 26.9, 27.2, 27.6,28, 28.4, 28.9, 29.4, 29.8, 30,30.1,29.9, 29.4, 28.9, 28.5, 28.4, 28.7
=== Birth and death rates ===
* 18.91 births per 1,000 population (2005 estimate).
* 4.90 deaths per 1,000 population (2005 estimate).
 
| y1Title= Population (million)
=== Total fertility rate ===
* 2.91 children born per woman (2000 estimate).
 
}}
=== Infant mortality rate ===
* 26.17 deaths per 1,000 live births (2000 estimate).
 
{{GraphChart
=== Age structure ===
| width = 450
{|style="border:1px; border: thin solid gold; background-color:#f7f8ff" cellpadding="7"
| height = 150
|-align="center" bgcolor="#e6e9ff"
| xAxisTitle=years
!age group (years)!!%!!male!!female
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
 
| y1= 6.358,6.298,6.231,6.155,6.071,5.977,5.87,5.748,5.614,5.469,5.321,5.174,5.035,4.906,4.791,4.686,4.589,4.494,4.397,4.298,4.2,4.104,4.014,3.933,3.861,
3.794,3.73,3.665,3.597,3.524,3.448,3.37,3.292,3.218,3.147,3.082,3.022,2.967,2.915,2.867,2.822,2.779,2.739,2.701,2.664,2.629,2.595,2.562,2.53,2.5,2.471,2.444,2.417,2.39,2.365,2.34,2.317,2.294,2.272,2.25,2.23
 
| y1Title=Total fertility rate
}}
: Source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/|title=World Bank Open Data|website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref>
 
=== Structure of the population ===
 
{{Hidden begin
|title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.IX.2011): <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
|0-14:||29.9%||3,909,876||3,667,958
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
|15-64:||65%||8,287,255||8,209,599
| align="right" | 13 549 752
| align="right" | 13 678 178
| align="right" | 27 227 930
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 1 254 208
| align="right" | 1 183 423
| align="right" | 2 437 631
| align="right" | 8.95
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 1 236 217
| align="right" | 1 166 147
| align="right" | 2 402 364
| align="right" | 8.82
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 1 298 191
| align="right" | 1 218 588
| align="right" | 2 516 779
| align="right" | 9.24
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 1 336 159
| align="right" | 1 305 161
| align="right" | 2 641 320
| align="right" | 9.70
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 1 280 125
| align="right" | 1 280 524
| align="right" | 2 560 649
| align="right" | 9.40
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 1 159 400
| align="right" | 1 184 932
| align="right" | 2 344 332
| align="right" | 8.61
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 1 105 617
| align="right" | 1 114 124
| align="right" | 2 219 741
| align="right" | 8.15
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 942 311
| align="right" | 962 942
| align="right" | 1 905 253
| align="right" | 7.00
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 873 509
| align="right" | 881 981
| align="right" | 1 755 490
| align="right" | 6.45
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 747 704
| align="right" | 781 077
| align="right" | 1 528 781
| align="right" | 5.61
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 651 255
| align="right" | 686 679
| align="right" | 1 337 934
| align="right" | 4.91
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 530 935
| align="right" | 577 864
| align="right" | 1 108 799
| align="right" | 4.07
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 407 656
| align="right" | 440 702
| align="right" | 848 358
| align="right" | 3.12
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 267 691
| align="right" | 300 997
| align="right" | 568 688
| align="right" | 2.09
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 189 285
| align="right" | 221 170
| align="right" | 410 455
| align="right" | 1.51
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 130 126
| align="right" | 162 866
| align="right" | 292 992
| align="right" | 1.08
|-
| align="right" | 80-84
| align="right" | 78 996
| align="right" | 109 899
| align="right" | 188 895
| align="right" | 0.69
|-
| align="right" | 85-89
| align="right" | 40 560
| align="right" | 63 581
| align="right" | 104 141
| align="right" | 0.38
|-
| align="right" | 90-94
| align="right" | 14 875
| align="right" | 25 495
| align="right" | 40 370
| align="right" | 0.15
|-
| align="right" | 95+
| align="right" | 4 932
| align="right" | 10 026
| align="right" | 14 958
| align="right" | 0.05
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Per cent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 3 788 616
| align="right" | 3 568 158
| align="right" | 7 356 774
| align="right" | 27.02
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 9 034 671
| align="right" | 9 215 986
| align="right" | 18 250 657
| align="right" | 67.03
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 726 465
| align="right" | 894 034
| align="right" | 1 620 499
| align="right" | 5.95
|-
|65 and up:||5.1%||590,236||710,357
|}
{{Hidden end}}
 
{{Hidden begin
=== Sex ratio ===
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2019): <ref name="auto"/>
{|style="border:1px; border: thin solid gold; background-color:#f7f8ff" cellpadding="7"
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
|-align="center" bgcolor="#e6e9ff"
}}
!Age!!Ratio<br>(males/females)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
|Total:||1.02
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
|At birth:||1.07
| align="right" | 16 085 704
| align="right" | 15 979 037
| align="right" | 32 064 741
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
|Under 15:||1.07
| align="right" | 1 392 960
| align="right" | 1 317 350
| align="right" | 2 710 310
| align="right" | 8.45
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
|15-64:||1.01
| align="right" | 1 420 995
| align="right" | 1 327 513
| align="right" | 2 748 508
| align="right" | 8.57
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
|Over 65:||0.83
| align="right" | 1 442 288
| align="right" | 1 349 218
| align="right" | 2 791 506
| align="right" | 8.71
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 1 427 367
| align="right" | 1 342 856
| align="right" | 2 770 223
| align="right" | 8.64
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 1 372 148
| align="right" | 1 306 480
| align="right" | 2 678 628
| align="right" | 8.35
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 1 322 783
| align="right" | 1 281 779
| align="right" | 2 604 562
| align="right" | 8.12
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 1 294 114
| align="right" | 1 275 147
| align="right" | 2 569 261
| align="right" | 8.01
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 1 180 244
| align="right" | 1 177 120
| align="right" | 2 357 364
| align="right" | 7.35
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 1 042 646
| align="right" | 1 050 897
| align="right" | 2 093 543
| align="right" | 6.53
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 946 494
| align="right" | 963 933
| align="right" | 1 910 427
| align="right" | 5.96
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 877 401
| align="right" | 903 878
| align="right" | 1 781 279
| align="right" | 5.56
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 747 504
| align="right" | 781 852
| align="right" | 1 529 356
| align="right" | 4.77
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 574 077
| align="right" | 613 380
| align="right" | 1 187 457
| align="right" | 3.70
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 409 138
| align="right" | 450 856
| align="right" | 859 994
| align="right" | 2.68
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 282 267
| align="right" | 326 025
| align="right" | 608 292
| align="right" | 1.90
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 179 631
| align="right" | 221 308
| align="right" | 400 939
| align="right" | 1.25
|-
| align="right" | 80-84
| align="right" | 101 653
| align="right" | 140 040
| align="right" | 241 693
| align="right" | 0.75
|-
| align="right" | 85-89
| align="right" | 48 109
| align="right" | 81 333
| align="right" | 129 442
| align="right" | 0.40
|-
| align="right" | 90-94
| align="right" | 17 947
| align="right" | 43 357
| align="right" | 61 304
| align="right" | 0.19
|-
| align="right" | 95-99
| align="right" | 4 924
| align="right" | 19 593
| align="right" | 24 517
| align="right" | 0.08
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 1 014
| align="right" | 5 122
| align="right" | 6 136
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Per cent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 4 256 243
| align="right" | 3 994 081
| align="right" | 8 250 324
| align="right" | 25.73
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 10 784 778
| align="right" | 10 697 322
| align="right" | 21 482 100
| align="right" | 67.00
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 1 044 683
| align="right" | 1 287 634
| align="right" | 2 332 317
| align="right" | 7.27
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}
 
=== NetVital emigrationstatistics rate ===
=== Registered births and deaths===
Venezuela loses about 0.19 emigrants for each 1,000 members of its population (2000 estimate).
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
== Literacy and education ==
|-
The accepted formal and demographic definition of the [[literacy]] rate is that proportion or percentage of the Venezuelan population ''older than age 15'' that can ''both'' read and write. The below are 2003 estimates from the [https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ve.html#People 2005 CIA World Factbook].
! width="70"|Year<ref name="unstats.un.org">{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm|title=United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics|publisher=United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/serATab3.pdf|title=3. Live births, deaths, and infant deaths, latest available year (2002–2016)|publisher=United Nations|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/crvs/ |website=UN Statistics Division |access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref>
! width="70"|Population
! width="70"|Live births
! width="70"|Deaths
! width="70"|Natural increase
! width="70"|Crude birth rate
! width="70"|Crude death rate
! width="70"|Rate of natural increase
! width="70"|TFR
|-
| align="right" | 1948
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 183 590
| align="right" | 59 934
| align="right" | 123 656
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1949
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 198 773
| align="right" | 57 477
| align="right" | 141 296
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1950
| align="right" | 5,034,838
| align="right" | 212 096
| align="right" | 54 397
| align="right" | 157 699
| align="right" | 42.1
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 31.3
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1951
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 224 553
| align="right" | 56 757
| align="right" | 167 796
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1952
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 230 703
| align="right" | 57 115
| align="right" | 173 588
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1953
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 250 943
| align="right" | 53 945
| align="right" | 196 998
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1954
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 262 134
| align="right" | 56 846
| align="right" | 205 288
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1955
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 272 433
| align="right" | 59 348
| align="right" | 213 085
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1956
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 278 072
| align="right" | 59 339
| align="right" | 218 733
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1957
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 284 080
| align="right" | 61 918
| align="right" | 222 162
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1958
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 291 747
| align="right" | 59 037
| align="right" | 232 710
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1959
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 324 739
| align="right" | 58 988
| align="right" | 265 751
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1960
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 338 199
| align="right" | 55 354
| align="right" | 282 845
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1961
| align="right" | 7,523,999
| align="right" | 344 989
| align="right" | 55 585
| align="right" | 289 404
| align="right" | 45.9
| align="right" | 7.4
| align="right" | 38.5
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1962
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 341 324
| align="right" | 54 960
| align="right" | 286 364
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1963
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 353 546
| align="right" | 58 474
| align="right" | 295 072
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1964
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 365 340
| align="right" | 60 912
| align="right" | 304 428
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1965
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 379 530
| align="right" | 61 568
| align="right" | 317 962
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1966
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 376 367
| align="right" | 61 691
| align="right" | 314 676
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1967
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 407 986
| align="right" | 62 111
| align="right" | 345 875
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1968
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 384 678
| align="right" | 64 592
| align="right" | 320 086
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1969
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 397 003
| align="right" | 67 784
| align="right" | 329 219
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1970
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 392 583
| align="right" | 68 493
| align="right" | 324 090
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1971
| align="right" | 10,721,522
| align="right" | 405 964
| align="right" | 70 478
| align="right" | 335 486
| align="right" | 37.9
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 31.3
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1972
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 406 120
| align="right" | 73 379
| align="right" | 332 741
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1973
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 405 455
| align="right" | 76 333
| align="right" | 329 122
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1974
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 433 397
| align="right" | 73 555
| align="right" | 359 842
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1975
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 446 110
| align="right" | 74 388
| align="right" | 371 722
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1976
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 462 233
| align="right" | 75 088
| align="right" | 387 145
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1977
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 465 332
| align="right" | 74 257
| align="right" | 391 075
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1978
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 475 824
| align="right" | 72 584
| align="right" | 403 240
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1979
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 481 349
| align="right" | 74 649
| align="right" | 406 700
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1980
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 493 009
| align="right" | 77 018
| align="right" | 415 991
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1981
| align="right" | 14,516,735
| align="right" | 497 270
| align="right" | 80 346
| align="right" | 416 924
| align="right" | 34.3
| align="right" | 5.5
| align="right" | 28.8
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1982
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 510 532
| align="right" | 77 021
| align="right" | 433 511
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1983
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 514 381
| align="right" | 75 743
| align="right" | 438 638
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1984
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 503 973
| align="right" | 78 091
| align="right" | 425 882
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1985
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 502 329
| align="right" | 78 938
| align="right" | 423 391
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1986
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 504 278
| align="right" | 77 647
| align="right" | 426 631
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1987
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 516 773
| align="right" | 80 322
| align="right" | 436 451
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1988
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 522 392
| align="right" | 81 442
| align="right" | 440 950
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1989
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 529 015
| align="right" | 84 761
| align="right" | 444 254
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1990
| align="right" | 18,105,265
| align="right" | 577 976
| align="right" | 89 830
| align="right" | 488 146
| align="right" | 31.9
| align="right" | 5.0
| align="right" | 26.9
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1991
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 602 024
| align="right" | 88 634
| align="right" | 513 390
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1992
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 559 950
| align="right" | 90 566
| align="right" | 469 384
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1993
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 524 387
| align="right" | 89 105
| align="right" | 435 282
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1994
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 547 819
| align="right" | 96 696
| align="right" | 451 123
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1995
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 520 584
| align="right" | 92 273
| align="right" | 428 311
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1996
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 497 975
| align="right" | 93 839
| align="right" | 404 136
| align="right" | 22.3
| 4.2
| align="right" | 18.1
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1997
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 516 616
| align="right" | 94 334
| align="right" | 422 282
| align="right" | 22.7
| style="color:blue"| 4.1
| align="right" | 18.6
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1998
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 501 808
| align="right" | 98 624
| align="right" | 403 184
| align="right" | 21.6
| align="right" | 4.2
| align="right" | 17.4
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 1999
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 527 888
| align="right" | 101 907
| align="right" | 425 981
| align="right" | 22.1
| align="right" | 4.3
| align="right" | 17.8
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2000
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 544 416
| align="right" | 103 255
| align="right" | 441 161
| align="right" | 22.4
| align="right" | 4.2
| align="right" | 18.2
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2001
| align="right" | 23,232,553
| align="right" | 529 552
| align="right" | 107 867
| align="right" | 421 685
| align="right" | 21.4
| align="right" | 4.4
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2002
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 492 678
| align="right" | 105 388
| align="right" | 387 290
| align="right" | 19.5
| align="right" | 4.2
| align="right" | 15.3
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2003
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 555 614
| align="right" | 118 562
| align="right" | 437 052
| align="right" | 21.6
| align="right" | 4.6
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2004
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 637 799
| align="right" | 114 480
| align="right" | 523 319
| align="right" | 24.4
| align="right" | 4.4
| align="right" | 20.0
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2005
| align="right" |
| style="color:blue" | 665 997
| align="right" | 110 301
| style="color:blue" | 555 696
| style="color:blue"| 25.1
| align="right" | 4.2
| style="color:blue" | 20.9
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2006
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 646 225
| align="right" | 115 348
| align="right" | 530 877
| align="right" | 23.9
| align="right" | 4.3
| align="right" | 19.6
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2007
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 615 371
| align="right" | 118 594
| align="right" | 496 777
| align="right" | 22.4
| align="right" | 4.3
| align="right" | 18.1
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2008
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 581 480
| align="right" | 124 062
| align="right" | 457 418
| align="right" | 20.8
| align="right" | 4.4
| align="right" | 16.4
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2009
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 593 845
| align="right" | 123 530
| align="right" | 470 315
| align="right" | 20.9
| align="right" | 4.4
| align="right" | 16.6
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2010
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 591 303
| align="right" | 130 597
| align="right" | 460 706
| align="right" | 20.7
| align="right" | 4.6
| align="right" | 16.1
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2011
| align="right" | 27,722,793
| align="right" | 615 132
| align="right" | 136 803
| align="right" | 478 329
| align="right" | 21.3
| align="right" | 4.7
| align="right" | 16.5
| align="right" | 2.466
|-
| align="right" | 2012
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 619 530
| align="right" | 142 988
| align="right" | 476 542
| align="right" | 21.1
| align="right" | 4.9
| align="right" | 16.2
| align="right" | 2.446
|-
| align="right" | 2013
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 597 902
| align="right" | 147 901
| align="right" | 450 001
| align="right" | 20.1
| align="right" | 5.0
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" | 2.427
|-
| align="right" | 2014
| align="right" | 30,070,000
| align="right" | 597 773
| align="right" | 159 239
| align="right" | 438 534
| align="right" | 19.9
| align="right" | 5.3
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 2.410
|-
| align="right" | 2015
| align="right" | 30,489,000
| align="right" | 600 860
| align="right" | 163 367
| align="right" | 437 493
| align="right" | 19.6
| align="right" | 5.3
| align="right" | 14.3
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2016
| style="color:blue" | 30,740,000
| align="right" | 642 664
| align="right" | 202,208
| align="right" | 440,456
| align="right" | 20.8
| align="right" | 6.0
| align="right" | 14.8
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2017
| align="right" | 30,560,000
| align="right" | 558,064
| align="right" | 207,885
| align="right" | 350,179
| align="right" | 18.5
| align="right" | 6.7
| align="right" | 11.8
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2018
| align="right" | 29,830,000
| align="right" | 516,556
| align="right" | 199,263
| align="right" | 317,293
| align="right" | 17.8
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2019
| align="right" | 28,970,000
| align="right" | 471,676
| align="right" | 196,851
| align="right" | 290,692
| align="right" | 16.9
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2020
| align="right" | 28,490,000
| align="right" | 442,091
| align="right" | 204,848
| align="right" | 237,243
| align="right" | 16.2
| align="right" | 7.6
| 8.6
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2021
| align="right" | 28,200,000
| align="right" | 429,761
| style="color:red" | 222,007
| align="right" | 207,754
| align="right" | 15.9
| style="color:red"| 8.1
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2022
| align="right" | 28,300,000
| align="right" | 423,888
| align="right" | 207,267
| align="right" | 216,621
| style="color:red" | 15.6
| align="right" | 8.1
| style="color:red" | 7.5
| align="right" | 2.0
|-
| align="right" | 2023
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 426,984
| align="right" | 213,959
| align="right" | 213,025
| style="color:red" |
| align="right" |
| style="color:red" |
| align="right" |
|-
|}
 
===UN estimates===
Registration of vital events in [[Venezuela]] is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|website=population.un.org}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
{|style="border:1px; border: thin solid gold; background-color:#f7f8ff" cellpadding="7"
|-align="center" bgcolor="#e6e9ff"
!Population group!!%
|-
! rowspan=2|Period
|Total population:||93.4%
! rowspan=2|Live births<br />per year
! rowspan=2|Deaths<br />per year
! rowspan=2|Natural change<br />per year
! rowspan=2|CBR*
! rowspan=2|CDR*
! rowspan=2|NC*
! rowspan=2|TFR*
! rowspan=2|IMR*
! colspan=3|Life expectancy
|-
! total
|Male:||93.8%
! males
! females
|-
| 1950–1955 || 263,000 || 69,000 || 193,000 || 46.5 || 12.6 || 34.1 || 6.46 || 107 || 54.3 || 52.9 || 55.8
|Female:||93.1%
|-
| 1955–1960 || 309,000 || 73,000 || 236,000 || 44.9 || 10.9 || 34.2 || 6.46 || 89 || 57.1 || 55.6 || 58.7
|-
| 1960–1965 || 375,000 || 77,000 || 298,000 || 45.1 || 9.5 || 35.7 || 6.66 || 73 || 59.9 || 58.2 || 61.7
|-
| 1965–1970 || 397,000 || 76,000 || 320,000 || 40.1 || 8.0 || 32.4 || 5.90 || 60 || 62.6 || 60.5 || 64.9
|-
| 1970–1975 || 411,000 || 76,000 || 334,000 || 35.1 || 6.7 || 28.6 || 4.94 || 49 || 65.0 || 62.4 || 67.7
|-
| 1975–1980 || 476,000 || 81,000 || 395,000 || 34.2 || 5.8 || 28.4 || 4.47 || 39 || 67.3 || 64.6 || 70.4
|-
| 1980–1985 || 519,000 || 89,000 || 430,000 || 32.0 || 5.3 || 26.5 || 3.96 || 34 || 68.9 || 66.0 || 72.0
|-
| 1985–1990 || 561,000 || 92,000 || 468,000 || 30.3 || 4.9 || 25.3 || 3.65 || 27 || 70.5 || 67.7 || 73.5
|-
| 1990–1995 || 563,000 || 101,000 || 461,000 || 26.9 || 4.8 || 22.1 || 3.25 || 23 || 71.5 || 68.7 || 74.5
|-
| 1995–2000 || 569,000 || 114,000 || 455,000 || 24.5 || 4.9 || 19.7 || 2.94 || 21 || 72.1 || 69.3 || 75.1
|-
| 2000–2005 || 585,000 || 129,000 || 456,000 || 23.0 || 5.1 || 17.9 || 2.72 || 19 || 72.7 || 69.9 || 75.8
|-
| 2005–2010 || 598,000 || 142,000 || 456,000 || 21.5 || 5.4 || 16.1 || 2.55 || 17 || 73.7 || 70.8 || 76.8
|-
| 2010–2015 || 601,000 || 159,000 || 442,000 || 20.0 || 5.9 || 14.1 || 2.40 || 15 || 74.5 || 71.7 || 77.6
|-
| 2015–2020 || 595,000 || 178,000 || 417,000 || 18.0 || 7.0 || 11.0 || 2.28 || 13 || 75.3 || 72.5 || 78.4
|-
| 2020–2025 || || || || 16.8 || 7.3 || 9.5 || 2.18 || || || ||
|-
| 2025–2030 || || || || 16.5 || 7.4 || 9.1 || 2.10 || || || ||
|-
| align="left" colspan="12" | * <small> CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)</small>
|}
 
===Life expectancy===
== Ethnic and religious affiliations ==
[[File:Life expectancy in Venezuela.svg|thumb|Life expectancy in Venezuela since 1900]]
=== Ethnic affiliation ===
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Venezuela -diff.png|thumb|Life expectancy in Venezuela since 1960 by gender]]
According to the 2005 [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ve.html#People CIA World Factbook], Venezuela's main ethnic affiliations are Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, [[indigenous people]].
: total population: 76.2 years
: male: 73.2 years
: female: 79.3 years (2018 est.)
 
=== ReligiousEthnic affiliationgroups ===
{{Pie chart
The overwhelming majority of Venezuelans denote themselves as adherents of [[Catholicism]]; this is true nominally if not in practice.
|thumb = right
|caption = Races in Venezuela (2011)<ref name="Census-ethnics">{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf |title= Censo 2011 |page=29 |publisher= | website= ine.gov.ve |access-date=8 September 2014 |archive-date=5 August 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190805193838/http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Moreno Venezuelans|Multiracial]]
|value1 = 51.6
|color1 = Grey
|label2 = [[Venezuelans of European descent|White]]
|value2 = 43.6
|color2 = Blue
|label3 = [[Afro-Venezuelans|Black]]
|value3 = 3.6
|color3 = Green
|label4 = Others
|value4 = 1.2
|color4 = Black
}}
According to an autosomal DNA genetic study conducted in 2008 by the [[University of Brasília]] (UNB), the composition of Venezuela's population is: 60.60% of European contribution, 23% of Amerindian contribution and 16.30% of African contribution. According to the [[Statistics National Institute (Venezuela)|Statistics National Institute of Venezuela]], individuals of [[Moreno Venezuelans|mixed race]] constitute the largest demographic group nationwide, comprising approximately half of the population (50%). Following closely are individuals of [[Venezuelans of European descent|white ethnicity]], accounting for around 43% of the population and predominantly distributed across various regions of the country. These regions include traditional destinations for European immigrants, such as the [[Venezuelan Coastal Range|Coastal Mountain Range]], [[Venezuelan Andes|Andean cordillera]], the [[Insular Region, Venezuela|Caribbean islands]], and significant urban centers.
 
While [[Afro-venezuelan|afro-descendants]] are dispersed throughout the country, comprising around 3.6% of the population, they tend to be concentrated in areas with historical ties to colonial-era slavery, such as the north-central coast ([[Barlovento, Venezuela|Barlovento region]], [[Ocumare de la Costa de Oro Municipality|Ocumare de la Costa]]) and the southern region of [[Lake Maracaibo Lowlands]]. Over time, some black communities have migrated to larger metropolitan areas during the post-colonial period.
{|style="border:1px; border: thin solid gold; background-color:#f7f8ff" cellpadding="7"
 
|-align="center" bgcolor="#e6e9ff"
Indigenous populations primarily inhabit the southern half of Venezuela, the region known as [[Guayana natural region|Guayana]] south-along the [[Orinoco River]]. Additionally, Indigenous communities can be found in the [[Guajira Peninsula]] and the eastern part of the country. Together, Indigenous peoples represent approximately 2% of the total population in Venezuela.<ref name=Census2011>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf|title=Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011 (Mayo 2014)|page=29|publisher=Ine.gov.ve|access-date=8 September 2014}}</ref>
!Religion!!%
 
=== Mixed-Race/Moreno Venezuelans ===
{{Main|Mestizo Venezuelans}}
Approximately 50% of Venezuelans identify themselves as mixed-race, indicating mixed ancestry with intermediate features reflecting indigenous, European, and/or African phenotypes (to a lesser extent, this category can include individuals with Arab or Asian ancestry mixed with the aforementioned groups). The intermingling of races in Venezuela commenced in the 16th century when Spanish conquerors and settlers intermarried with indigenous women, owing to the absence of European women in the region. Subsequently, with the introduction of enslaved Africans, a process of racial fusion emerged among the indigenous, European, and African populations. This process persisted over the decades as additional waves of migration from Europe, the Middle East, North America, Latin America, and Asia contributed to Venezuela's diverse genetic landscape. Diverses genetic studies indicate that the mestizo Venezuelan population predominantly possesses a European genetic component (54 - 71.9%), followed by Amerindian (18.6 - 32%), and to a lesser extent, African (9.5 - 16.3%) ancestry, with notable regional variations.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salazar-Flores |title=Admixture and genetic relationships of Mexican Mestizos regarding Latin American and Caribbean populations based on 13 CODIS-STRs |journal=HOMO |date=Feb 2015 |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=44–59 |doi=10.1016/j.jchb.2014.08.005 |pmid=25435058 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0018442X14001036 |access-date=14 February 2024 |issn=0018-442X|hdl=11336/15953 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Castro de Guerra |title=Gender Differences in Ancestral Contribution and Admixture in Venezuelan Populations |journal=Human Biology |date=June 2011 |volume=3 |issue=83 |pages=345–361 |doi=10.3378/027.083.0302 |pmid=21740152 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51477813 |access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Godinho |first1=Neide |title=O impacto das migrações na constituição genética de populações latino-americanas |url=http://repositorio2.unb.br/jspui/handle/10482/5542 |website=UnB |publisher=Universidade de Brasília |access-date=14 February 2024 |date=2008}}</ref>
 
Mestizos are distributed throughout most of the country, with significant concentrations primarily along the northern strip of the Orinoco River (the northern half of the country). Noteworthy towns in the Los Llanos region, such as El Pao (Cojedes), San Antonio (Barinas), Trinidad de La Capilla - Guanarito (Portuguesa), La Union (Barinas), Florida (Portuguesa), and Libertad de Orituco (Guárico), boast a majority of residents belonging to this ethnic group, with over 75% mestizo population. States with the highest proportion of mestizos include Apure, Cojedes, Guárico, and Portuguesa, all part of the Los Llanos region in the central-western interior, with slightly over 60% of their population identifying as mestizo. Conversely, areas with minimal mestizo presence are observed in jungle regions of the Upper Orinoco in Amazonas, as well as portions of the Orinoco Delta and Alta Guajira (Zulia), where they represent less than 1% of the total population. States with the lowest percentage of mestizo population include Amazonas (less than 10%) and Delta Amacuro (less than 35%), both situated in the Guayana region of southern Venezuela, characterized by low population density historically dominated by Native American Indians.<ref name=Census2011></ref>
 
=== White Venezuelans ===
{{Main|Venezuelans of European descent}}
 
Around 42-43% of the population are identified as White Venezuelan. The highest concentrations, ranging from 65 to 80%, are found in the [[Venezuelan Andes]] ([[Mérida, Mérida|Mérida]], [[San Cristóbal, Táchira|San Cristóbal]], [[Tovar Municipality, Mérida|Tovar]], [[Valera]], and numerous others towns), [[Venezuelan Coastal Range| the Coastal Range]] ([[Eastern Caracas]], [[San Antonio de Los Altos]], [[El Junko]], [[Colonia Tovar]], among others) and areas of the [[Eastern Region, Venezuela| north-eastern Caribbean coast]] ([[Diego Bautista Urbaneja Municipality|Lechería]], [[Porlamar]], [[Pampatar]], [[Araya Peninsula]]).<ref name=Census2011></ref>
 
Census data reveals that in major urban areas like [[Maracaibo]], [[Valencia, Venezuela|Valencia]], [[Maracay]], [[Barquisimeto]], [[Ciudad Guayana]], [[Puerto La Cruz]], among others, several [[Parishes of Venezuela|districts or parishes]] boast white majorities exceeding 50%. These areas typically align with medium to higher socioeconomic levels, resembling Latin American cities of European descent such as [[Montevideo]] and [[Buenos Aires]].<ref name=Martinez2007>{{cite journal |last1=Martinez |first1=Helios |last2=Rodriguez-Larralde |first2=Alvaro |last3=Castro de Guerra |first3=Dinora |last4=Izaguirre |first4=Mary |title=Admixture Estimates for Caracas, Venezuela, Based on Autosomal, Y-Chromosome, and mtDNA Markers |journal=Human Biology |date=May 2007 |volume=2 |issue=79 |pages=201–213 |doi=10.1353/hub.2007.0032 |pmid=18027815 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5819150 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref> Conversely, regions like [[Amazonas (Venezuelan state)|Amazonas state]], [[Orinoco Delta]], and [[Guajira Peninsula|Alta Guajira]] exhibit minimal white presence, often less than 1% of the local population.<ref name=Census2011></ref>
 
The majority of White Venezuelans trace their ancestry to [[Southern Europe|European Mediterranean origins]], primarily [[Spanish immigration to Venezuela|Spanish]], followed by [[Italian Venezuelans|Italian]] and [[Portuguese Venezuelans|Portuguese]] contributions. [[Colonial Venezuela|European colonization of Venezuela]] commenced with the arrival of the [[Spanish people|Spanish]] in the late 15th century, with settlers predominantly hailing from regions such as [[Andalusia]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]], and the [[Canary Islands]]. The influence of the Canary Islands on Venezuelan culture and customs has been particularly significant, earning Venezuela the occasional nickname "''the eighth island of the Canary archipelago''".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Veloz |first1=Alberto |title=La octava isla de las Canarias se llama Venezuela |url=https://elestimulo.com/de-interes/2022-02-02/la-octava-isla-de-las-canarias-se-llama-venezuela/ |website=El Estimulo |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>
 
While [[Spanish Empire|Spanish authorities]] discouraged non-Spanish migration to safeguard [[European colonization of the Americas|colonial territories from rival European claims]], although exceptions existed. The [[German colonization of the Americas|influx of Germans]] began in the early 16th century, with [[Carlos I of Spain|King Carlos I]] granting colonization privileges to German families to offset certain debts.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cervera |first1=Cesar |title=La historia olvidada de cómo Venezuela fue vendida por Carlos V a los banqueros alemanes |url=https://www.abc.es/historia/abci-historia-olvidada-como-venezuela-vendida-carlos-banqueros-alemanes-201611180346_noticia.html?ref=https:%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F |access-date=15 February 2024 |agency=ABC |date=Nov 2016}}</ref> This led to the renaming of the [[Province of Venezuela]] as [[Klein-Venedig]], with its capital established as ''Neu-Augsburg'' (now [[Coro, Venezuela|Coro]]), and the founding of ''Neu-Nürnberg'' (now [[Maracaibo]]), the country's second-largest city. In 1542, the [[Dutch colonization of the Americas|Dutch seized control]] of the Araya peninsula for its lucrative salt flats,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mirza |first1=Rocky |title=The Rise and Fall of the American Empire: A Re-Interpretation of History, Economics and Philosophy: 1492-2006 |date=2007 |publisher=Trafford Publishing |isbn=9781425113834 |pages=514 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubuq0oO-0aIC}}</ref> subsequently expanding their presence to other coastal areas such as [[Falcón]], [[Carabobo]], and [[Zulia]] due to economic ties with the nearby [[Netherlands Antilles]]. Until deep into the 19th century, the now Venezuelan islands of [[Isla Aves|Aves]], the [[Las Aves archipelago|Aves archipelago]], [[Los Roques]] and [[La Orchila]] were also considered by the Dutch government to be part of the [[Dutch West Indies]].
 
During the emergence of the [[Spanish American wars of independence|independence movements in the Americas]], Venezuela experienced a notable influx of [[White Dominicans]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Soriano |first1=Cristina |title=Tides of Revolution: Information, Insurgencies, and the Crisis of Colonial Rule in Venezuela |date=1 Dec 2018 |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |isbn=9780826359872 |pages=336 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9sxwDwAAQBAJ |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref> As [[Venezuelan independence|Venezuela pursued independence]], it witnessed a significant arrival of Italian immigrants seeking better opportunities, with migration beginning in 1814 and intensifying around 1870 during [[Unification of Italy|Italy's unification]]. These Italian immigrants primarily concentrated in agricultural regions, particularly focusing on coffee and cocoa cultivation in the [[Venezuelan Andes|Andean]] and [[Venezuelan Coastal Range| the Coastal Range]] area of the country.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=D'Elia |first1=Pierina |title=La inmigración italiana en Venezuela |journal=Cuadernos Americanos |date=2005 |volume=6 |issue=114 |page=103-110 |url=https://rilzea.cialc.unam.mx/jspui/bitstream/CIALC-UNAM/A_CA538/1/CA114_103_110.pdf}}</ref> Concurrently, volunteers from [[England]], [[Scotland]], and [[Ireland]] formed the "[[British Legions|British Legion]]", actively engaging in the War of Independence, leaving a lasting impact and contributing to the enduring presence of British descendants in Venezuela.<ref name=ReyGonzalez>{{cite book |last1=Rey Gonzalez |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Huellas de la inmigración en Venezuela |date=15 March 2024 |publisher=Fundación Empresas Polar |isbn=978-980-379-296-1 |pages=296 |url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/publicaciones/libros/huellas-de-la-inmigraci%C3%B3n-en-venezuela/ |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>
 
Following independence, Venezuela faced challenges attracting immigrants due to economic stagnation and internal conflicts. Despite this, small groups of [[French people|French settlers]],<ref name=ReyGonzalez></ref> particularly [[Corsican emigration to Venezuela|Corsicans]], established themselves along the coast of the [[Paria Peninsula]], contributing significantly to the cocoa industry.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grisanti |first1=Luis Xavier |title=Venezuela y la imigración corsa |url=https://www.analitica.com/entretenimiento/venezuela-y-la-imigracion-corsa/ |website=Analítica |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref> Additionally, Italians were notably present in the [[Venezuelan Andes|Andean region]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Colina de Dávila |first1=Nancy |title=Mérida : entre tiempos de cambios |date=1999 |publisher=Laboratorios Valmorca |pages=124 |url=https://sib.ucab.edu.ve/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=189442}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Farias |first1=Isabel |title=Inmigrantes italianos en los Andes |url=https://venezuela.italiani.it/scopricitta/inmigrantes-italianos-en-los-andes/ |website=Italiani.it |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref> while [[German Venezuelan|German immigrants]] formed communities such as [[Colonia Tovar]] in the [[Central Region, Venezuela|center-north]], they also played vital roles in commerce, particularly in [[Maracaibo]]'s retail sector and informal banking systems.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Espinola |first1=Ebelio |title=Actividades del Banco Aleman antioqueno en Venezuela en el contexto de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. |date=2002 |journal=Montalbán |pages=131–145 |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A104211312/IFME?u=anon~23cfcd24&sid=googleScholar&xid=5aeea7d0}}</ref> Towards the late 19th century, [[White Americans]] and [[White Canadians]] relocated to Venezuela,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Venezuela. Embajada (U.S.) |title=Venezuela Up-to-date |date=1954 |publisher=Embassy of Venezuela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K087AQAAIAAJ |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref> primarily as evangelical missionaries representing various Protestant denominations,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Niki |title=Presbyterian Mission to Venezuela: A Brief History |url=https://www.history.pcusa.org/blog/2019/05/presbyterian-mission-venezuela-brief-history |website=Presbyterian Historical Society |date=2 May 2019 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref> along with engineers drawn by the burgeoning oil industry.<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Berglund |first1=Susan |title=The "Musiues" in Venezuela : immigration goals and reality, 1936-1961. |date=1980 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst |doi=10.7275/jxx1-h426 |url=https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/1383/}}</ref>
 
After 1935, Venezuela underwent a period of economic and social advancement with the discovery of oil, positioning itself as an attractive destination for immigrants. From 1948 to 1961, an estimated 900,000 European immigrants arrived in Venezuela, driven by the prospect of new opportunities.<ref>{{cite book |title=La Comunidad Europea en Venezuela |date=1985 |publisher=Servicio de Prensa e Información, Delegación para América Latina de la Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas |pages=117 |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/1599857}}</ref> Among them, [[Spanish immigration to Venezuela|Spanish]], [[Italo-Venezuelans|Italian]], and [[Portuguese Venezuelans|Portuguese]] migrants constituted the majority,<ref name=Martinez2007></ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NVbUAAAAQBAJ&q=european+venezuelans+italian&pg=PA65 |title = Café con leche: Race, Class, and National Image in Venezuela|isbn = 9780292758407|last1 = Wright|first1 = Winthrop R.|date = 2013-08-28| publisher=University of Texas Press }}</ref> while smaller numbers included Germans, [[:es:Inmigración francesa en Venezuela|French]], [[:es:Inmigración suiza en Venezuela|Swiss]], [[Polish Venezuelans|Poles]], [[Greek Venezuelan|Greeks]], [[Czechs in Venezuela|Czechs]], [[Russians in Venezuela|Russians]], [[Ukrainian Venezuelan|Ukrainians]], [[Serbian Venezuelan|Serbs]], [[Nordic Venezuelans|Nordics]], [[Romanian Venezuelan|Romanians]], [[Slovene Venezuelan|Slovenes]], [[Croatian Venezuelans|Croats]], [[:es:Inmigración belga en Venezuela|Belgians]], [[:es:Inmigración austríaca en Venezuela|Austrians]] and [[Hungarians in Venezuela|Hungarians]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Banko |first1=Catalina |title=Un refugio en Venezuela: los inmigrantes de Hungría, Croacia, Eslovenia, Rumania y Bulgaria |journal=Tiempo y Espacio |date=2016 |volume=26 |issue=65 |page=66-75 |url=http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1315-94962016000100005&lng=es&nrm=iso |access-date=15 February 2024 |issn=1315-9496}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lameda Luna|first1=Hernán|title=Foundational Cycles of cities in Venezuela. Urban settlements from the colony to the twentieth century.|date=2014|publisher=Revista Arbitrada de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño de la Universidad del Zulia|___location=Maracaibo|page=24|url=http://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/portafolio/article/download/19922/19859|accessdate=15 February 2024|language=Spanish}}</ref>
 
During the 1970s and 1980s, Southern Cone nations like [[Argentines of European descent|Argentina]] and [[Uruguayans#Europeans_or_whites|Uruguay]] with a predominantly Spanish and Italian-descents population, were plagued by [[Operation Condor|oppressive dictatorships]]. Consequently, many individuals from these countries sought refuge in Venezuela, attracted by the promise of safety and stability.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Markous |first1=Paula |title=La Venezuela saudita: cómo era vivir en el país del "dame dos" |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/el-mundo/la-venezuela-saudita-como-era-vivir-pais-nid2180765/ |access-date=15 February 2024 |agency=La Nación |date=9 Nov 2018}}</ref> Additionally, Venezuela became a destination for other [[White Latin Americans|European Latin Americans]] communities, including [[White Colombians|Colombians]], [[Chileans#European_and_neighboring_immigrants|Chileans]], [[White Dominicans|Dominicans]], [[White Brazilians|Brazilians]], [[Cubans#European|Cubans]], and others, fleeing economic struggles, political unrest, and autocratic regimes in their homelands.<ref name=ReyGonzalez></ref>
 
== Religion ==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Venezuela (2022)<ref>[https://es.statista.com/grafico/28553/las-religiones-mas-comunes-en-latinoamerica/ Statistica.com website]</ref>
|label1 = [[Catholicism]]
|value1 = 64.2
|color1 = Blue
|label2 = [[Evangelicalism]]
|value2 = 22.0
|color2 = SkyBlue
|label3 = Other [[Christians]]
|value3 = 3.9
|color3 = Purple
|label4 = [[Irreligion|No religion]]
|value4 = 8.3
|color4 = Grey
|label5 = Others
|value5 = 1.6
|color5 = Magenta
}}
{{main| Religion in Venezuela}}
The overwhelming majority of Venezuelans denote themselves as adherents of [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]]; this is true nominally, if not in practice. According to the 2011 census, 88.3 per cent of the population is Christian, primarily [[Roman Catholic]] (71%), 17 per cent [[Protestant]], and the remaining 0.03 per cent [[Mormons]] ([[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS Church]]).<ref>{{cite web |url= https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/venezuela | title = Venezuela - Statistics and Church Facts - Total Church Membership | publisher = Mormon Newsroom|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref> The [[Venezuelans]] without religion are 9% ([[atheist]] 2%, agnostic or indifferent 6% and doesn't know/doesn't respond 1% ), almost 3% of the population follow other religions (1% of them are of [[Santería]]).<ref name="grumilla"/><ref name="state.gov"/>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:100%" | Religious affiliation in Venezuela. (2011)<ref name="grumilla">{{cite news|last1=Aguire|first1=Jesus Maria|language=es|title=Informe Sociográfico sobre la religión en Venezuela|url=http://www.gumilla.org/biblioteca/bases/biblo/texto/SIC2012745_211-222.pdf|access-date=5 April 2015|publisher=El Centro Gumilla|date=June 2012|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024236/http://www.gumilla.org/biblioteca/bases/biblo/texto/SIC2012745_211-222.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="state.gov">{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90271.htm|title=Venezuela|website=State.gov|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
! Affiliation
|Roman Catholic:||96%
! colspan="2"|% of Venezuela population
|-
| Christian
|Protestant:||2%
| {{percentage bar|88.3|c=darkblue}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| [[Catholic]]
|Others:||2%
| {{percentage bar|71|c=mediumblue}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| [[Protestant]]
| {{percentage bar|17|c=lightblue}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| [[Mormon]]
| {{percentage bar|0.3|c=mediumblue}}
|-
| Non-Christian faiths
| {{percentage bar|2.7|c=yellow}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| Jewish
| {{percentage bar|0.05|c=lightgreen}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| [[Muslim]]
| {{percentage bar|0.4|c=lightgreen}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| [[Santería]]
| {{percentage bar|1|c=yellow}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| Other Non-Christian faiths
| {{percentage bar|1.25|c=lightgreen}}
|-
| [[Irreligion|Unaffiliated]]
| {{percentage bar|9|c=purple}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| Agnostic/indifferent
| {{percentage bar|6|c=#A020F0}}
|-
| style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"| [[Atheism|Atheist]]
| {{percentage bar|2|c=#A020F0}}
|-
| Don't know/refused answer
| {{percentage bar|1|c=#A020F0}}
|-
! Total
! {{percentage bar|100|c=grey}}
|}
 
==References Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
*{{factbook}} [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ve.html#People] (2005)
 
*Acosta, Maruja. "Urbanizacion y clases sociales en Venezuela." ''Revista Interamericana de Planificacion'' Bogota , 7, No. 26, June 1973, 22-44.
== References ==
* {{CIA World Factbook}}
* Acosta, Maruja. "Urbanizacion y clases sociales en Venezuela." ''Revista Interamericana de Planificacion'' Bogota, 7, No. 26, June 1973, 22–44.
* The article contains a statistical reference from the Wikipedia public ___domain [[Mestizos]] (2006).
 
== External links ==
*The article contains a statistical reference from the Wikipedia public ___domain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestizos](2006).
{{Commons category}}
* {{in lang|es}} {{Official website|http://www.ine.gov.ve/}} &ndash; Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE)
* [https://brilliantmaps.com/ethnic-map-of-venezuela/ Ethnic Map of Venezuela by census]
 
{{Ethnic groups in Venezuela}}
== See also ==
{{Topics related to Venezuela}}
 
{{Venezuela topics}}
{{South_America_in_topic|Demographics of}}
{{South America in topic|Demographics of}}
{{Population country lists}}
{{Portal bar|Venezuela}}
 
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Venezuelan society]]
[[Category:Demographics by country|Venezuela]]
 
[[es{{DEFAULTSORT:DemografíaDemographics deOf Venezuela]]}}
[[frCategory:DémographieDemographics duof Venezuela| ]]
[[ptCategory:DemografiaDemographics daof South America|Venezuela]]
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