Progress and Development: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox political party

| name = Progress and Development

| native_name = {{Script/Hebrew|'''קידמה ופיתוח'''}} <br /> تقدم وتطور

|logo founded = 1959

|leader dissolved = 8 March = 1977

| split = {{nowrap|[[Cooperation and Development]] (1967)}}<br />[[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] (1976)

|chairman =

| merged = [[Cooperation and Development]] (1966)<br />[[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] (1974)<br />[[United Arab List (1977)|United Arab List]] (1977)

|president =

| ideology = [[Israeli Arab]] interestinterests

|secretary_general =

|spokesperson national = [[Mapai]]

|leader1_title seats1_title = Most MKs

| seats1 = 2 (1959–66, 1967–68, 1969–77)

|leader1_name =

| seats2_title = {{nowrap|Fewest MKs}}

|leader2_title =

|leader2_name seats2 = 1 (1968–1969)

|leader3_title symbol = {{Script/Hebrew|רא}}

|leader3_name country = Israel

|founded = 1959

|dissolved = 8 March 1977

|merger =

|split = {{nowrap|[[Cooperation and Development]] (1967)}}<br>[[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] (1976)

|merged = [[Cooperation and Development]] (1966)<br>[[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] (1974)<br>[[United Arab List (1977)|United Arab List]] (1977)

|headquarters =

|newspaper =

|student_wing =

|youth_wing =

|wing1_title =

|wing1 =

|wing2_title =

|wing2 =

|wing3_title =

|wing3 =

|membership_year =

|membership =

|ideology = Israeli Arab interest

|national = [[Mapai]]

|international =

|europarl =

|affiliation1_title =

|affiliation1 =

|colors =

|seats1_title = Most MKs

|seats1 = 2 (1959–66, 1967–68, 1969–77)

|seats2_title = {{nowrap|Fewest MKs}}

|seats2 = 1 (1968–1969)

|symbol = רא

|website =

|country = Israel

}}

'''Progress and Development''' ({{lang-langx|he|קידמה ופיתוח}}, ''Kidma VePituah''; {{lang-langx|ar|تقدم وتطور}}) was an [[Arab satellite list]] in [[Israel]].

==History==

Progress and Development was established in 1959,<ref>[http://en.idi.org.il/tools-and-data/israeli-elections-and-parties/political-parties/progress-and-development/ Progress and Development] Israel Democracy Institute</ref> drawing its support from the [[Galilee]] area.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ervin Birnbaum |year=1970 |title=The Politics of Compromise: State and Religion in Israel |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/politicsofcompro0000birn/page/59 59] |isbn=978-0838675670 |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofcompro0000birn/page/59 }}</ref> Like other Israeli Arab parties at the time, it was associated with [[David Ben-Gurion]]'s [[Mapai]] party, as Ben-Gurion was keen to include Israeli Arabs in the functioning of the state in order to prove [[Jew]]s and [[Arab]]s could co-exist peacefully and productively.

In the [[1959 Israeli legislative election, 1959|1959 elections]], the party won 1.3% of the votes and two seats, making it the most popular Israeli Arab party in the [[Knesset]]. Its seats were taken by [[Ahmed A-Dahar]] and [[Elias Nakhleh]]. Because of its association with [[Mapai]], the party joined the governing coalition.

In the [[1961 Israeli legislative election, 1961|1961 elections]] the party increased its share of the vote to 1.6%, though it was overtaken as the most popular Israeli Arab party by [[Cooperation and Brotherhood]], who won 1.9% of the vote. Despite its increased vote, the party still won only two seats, retained by A-Dahar and Nakhleh, and was again part of all three coalition governments during the fifth Knesset.

In the [[1965 Israeli legislative election, 1965|1965 elections]] the party increased its share of the vote again, to 1.9%, overtaking Cooperation and Brotherhood to regain its place as the most popular Israeli Arab party. It joined [[Levi Eshkol]]'s coalition government, and A-Dahar was replaced by [[Seif-El-Din El-Zubi]], previously an MK for the [[Democratic List of Nazareth]] (in the [[1949 Israeli legislative election, 1949|first Knesset]]) and the [[Democratic List for Israeli Arabs]] (in the [[1951 Israeli legislative election, 1951|second]] and [[1955 Israeli legislative election, 1955|third Knessets]]). During the Knesset session the party briefly merged with Cooperation and Brotherhood to form [[Cooperation and Development]], though the union split up soon after its formation. TowardsIn theOctober end of the session1968 Nakhleh broke away from the party to form the [[Jewish–Arab Brotherhood]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Una McGahern |year=2011 |title=Palestinian Christians in the Israeli state[https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionHistoryAll_eng.asp StateMergers Attitudesand towardsSplits Non-MuslimsAmong inParliamentary aGroups] Jewish State |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415605717}}{{page needed|date=JuneKnesset 2015}}website</ref> though he was elected to the next Knesset as a member of Cooperation and Brotherhood.

The [[1969 Israeli legislative election, 1969|1969 elections]] saw a further increase in popularity to 2.1% of the vote, though it still won only two seats. [[Jabr MoadeMuadi]] (a former Democratic List for Israeli Arabs MK who had broken away from Cooperation and Brotherhood to form the [[Druze Party]] after Cooperation and Development had broken up, effectively swapping parties with Nahale) took the second seat, and the party was included in [[Golda Meir]]'s coalition government. MoadeMuadi was appointed Deputy Minister of Communications in October 1971, making him only the second Israeli Arab to join the [[cabinet of Israel|cabinet]].

In the [[1973 Israeli legislative election, 1973|1973 elections]] the party won only 1.4% of the vote, though it retained its two seats. Although it was excluded from Golda Meir's government despite still being aligned with the [[Labor Party (Israel)|Labour Party]], after she resigned and [[Yitzhak Rabin]] formed the [[Seventeenth government of Israel|17th government]], the party was invited back into the governing coalition and MoadeMuadi regained his deputy ministerial position.

During the Knesset session the party briefly became part of the [[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] before merging with the [[Arab List for Bedouins and Villagers]] to form the [[United Arab List (1977)|United Arab List]].<ref>[httphttps://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=63 Kidma Vepituah] Knesset website</ref>

==References==

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==External links==

*[httphttps://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=63 Party history] Knesset website

{{Israeli political parties}}