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Riga 1: {{Arma The '''FN P90''' is a [[personal defense weapon]] (PDW) designed and manufactured by [[FN Herstal]] in Belgium.<ref name="miller2001">{{cite book \|first=David \|last=Miller \|year=2001 \|title=The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns \|publisher=Salamander Books Ltd. \|___location=London \|isbn=9781840652451}}</ref> Created in response to [[NATO]] requests for a replacement for [[9×19mm Parabellum]] firearms, the P90 was designed as a compact but powerful firearm for vehicle crews, operators of crew-served weapons, support personnel, [[special forces]] and [[counter-terrorist]] groups.<ref name="miller2001" /><ref name="oliver2007">{{cite web \|url=http://www.global-defence.com/2006/Utilities/article.php?id=40 \|title=In the Line of Fire \|author=Oliver, David \|year=2007 \|publisher=Global Defence Review \|accessdate=October 19, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061016074936/www.global-defence.com/2006/Utilities/article.php?id=40 \|archivedate=October 16, 2006}}</ref> \|Arma = Fucile a canna liscia \|Nome = Sjögren Inertia \|Altra denominazione = \|Immagine = Automatiskt hagelgevär system Sjögren, 1909 - Livrustkammaren - 98439.tif \|Didascalia = Un fucile semiautomatico Sjögren \|Tipo = Fucile semiautomatico \|Origine = {{Bandiera\|SWE 1844-1906\|Svezia}} [[Svezia]] \|Utilizzatori = \|Conflitti = \|Progettista = Carl Axel Theodor Sjögren \|Data progettazione = 1900-1905<ref name="fw">{{Cita web\|url=https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/sjogren-rifle-shotgun/\|titolo=Sjogren Rifle & Shotgun\|autore=Ian McCollum\|sito=forgottenweapons.com\|lingua=EN\|accesso=19 febbraio 2022}}</ref> \|Costruttore = AB Svenska Vapen- och Ammunitionsfabriken, Håndvåbenværkstederne Kjøbenhavn \|Date di produzione = 1907-1909 \|Entrata in servizio = \|Ritiro dal servizio = \|Numero prodotto = 5.000 \|Varianti = \|Peso = 3,30 kg \|Lunghezza = 114 - 124 mm \|Lunghezza canna = 600 - 700 mm \|Calibro = .12 (18,53 mm) \|Munizioni = .12 Gauge (65 mm) \|Azionamento = a rinculo, chiusura inerziale<ref name="gd">{{Cita web\|url=https://gundigest.com/more/classic-guns/gun-collectors-corner-sjogren-the-first-12-gauge-auto\|titolo=Gun Collector’s Corner: Sjogren, The First 12-Gauge Auto\|autore=Phillip Peterson\|sito=gundigest.com\|data=16 maggio 2011\|lingua=EN}}</ref> \|Velocità alla volata = \|Tiro utile = \|Alimentazione = caricatore tubolare da 4 colpi \|Organi di mira = mire metalliche \|Ref = \|Costo unitario = 62 <small>KR</small> (produzione)<br>220 <small>KR</small> (al dettaglio) }}Lo '''Sjögren Inertia''' è un fucile semiautomatico a canna liscia, [[Calibro 12\|calibro .12]], progettato dallo svedese '''Carl Axel Theodor Sjögren''' agli inizi del [[XX secolo\|Novecento]]. Prototipato e prodotto inizialmente dalla AB Svenska Vapen- och Ammunitionsfabriken<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione\|autore=E. Steingold\|anno=1974\|titolo=Самозарядное ружьё системы Шьёгрен\|rivista=Охота и охотничье хозяйство\|volume=1\|pp=32-33\|lingua=RU}}</ref>, la produzione passò dopo pochissimi esemplari alla Håndvåbenværkstederne Kjøbenhavn in [[Danimarca]]<ref name="fw"/>. L’arma, azionata a rinculo, impiega un sistema di chiusura inerziale<ref name="gd" /> analogo per certi aspetti a quello attualmente usato dalla [[Benelli Armi\|Benelli]] in alcune delle sue armi<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. Designed by FN in conjunction with the [[FN Five-seven]] pistol and [[FN 5.7×28mm]] ammunition,<ref name="arsmechanica08"/> development of the weapon began in 1986, and production commenced in 1990 (from which the "90" in its name is derived<ref name="arsmechanica08">{{cite book \|editor1-first=Auguste \|editor1-last=Francotte \|editor2-first=Gaier \|editor2-last=Claude \|editor3-first=Karlshausen \|editor3-last=Robert \|title=Ars Mechanica – The Ultimate FN Book \|date=January 2008 \|publisher=Herstal Group \|___location=Vottem \|isbn=9782874158773}}</ref>), whereupon the 5.7×28mm ammunition was redesigned and shortened.<ref name="diez2000">{{cite book \|first=Octavio \|last=Díez \|year=2000 \|title=Armament and Technology: Handguns \|publisher=Lema Publications, S.L. \|___location=Barcelona \|isbn=9788484630135}}</ref> A modified version of the P90 with a magazine adapted to use the new ammunition was introduced in 1993, and the Five-seven pistol was subsequently introduced as a companion weapon using the same 5.7×28mm ammunition.<ref name="gunzonetimeline1990">{{cite web \|url=http://www.thegunzone.com/556dw-10.html \|title=The 5.56 × 45mm Timeline: 1990–1994 \|author=Watters, Daniel E. \|publisher=The Gun Zone \|accessdate=December 23, 2009}}</ref> == Sviluppo e funzionamento == Featuring a compact [[bullpup]] design with an integrated [[Reflector sight\|reflex sight]] and fully [[ambidextrous]] controls, the P90 is an unconventional weapon with a futuristic appearance.<ref name="dockery2007"/> Its design incorporates several innovations such as a unique top-mounted [[Magazine (firearms)\|magazine]] and FN's small-caliber, high-[[muzzle velocity\|velocity]] 5.7×28mm ammunition.<ref name="dockery2007"/> Nel 1900, Sjögren ottenne il primo brevetto per un sistema di caricamento automatico, seguito da altri due brevetti (1903 e 1905) che gettavano le basi per il funzionamento dell’intera arma. Il fucile è azionato a rinculo, ma non sfrutta una canna mobile per il riarmo. In molte della armi semiautomatiche di inizio Novecento (si pensi alle pistole [[Luger P08\|Luger]], [[Mauser C96\|C96]] o ai fucili [[Browning Auto-5]], Madsen-Rasmussen M1896) lo sblocco dell'[[Otturatore (armi)\|otturatore]] era permesso dall'arretramento della canna (nelle due varianti a corto rinculo e lungo rinculo); Sjögren impiegò invece un sistema inerziale: nel suo fucile il [[percussore]] è collegato a una leva di chiusura che mantiene l'otturatore in "chiusura" fintanto che il percussore è in posizione avanzata, con la molla distesa. The P90 is currently in service with military and police forces in over 40 nations, such as Austria, Brazil, Canada, France, Greece, India, Malaysia, Poland, and the United States.<ref name="milrev">Tirans, Ivars (2009). "Baltic Defence Research and Technology 2009 Conference Proceedings". Military Review: Scientific Journal for Security and Defence (ISSN: 1407–1746), Nr. 3/4 (132/133), p 103.</ref><!--NOTE: See the Users section of this article for additional references for each individual country.--> In the United States, the P90 is in use with over 200 law enforcement agencies, including the [[United States Secret Service\|U.S. Secret Service]].<ref name="white2009">{{cite video \|people=White, Tim \|title=FN PS90 Product Video \|url=http://www.fnhusa.com/le/flash/prodvid.asp?PS90.f4v \|format=f4v \|publisher=[[FNH USA]] \|year=2009 }}</ref> While developed and initially marketed as a PDW, it can also be considered a [[submachine gun]] or compact [[assault rifle]].<ref name="dockery2007">{{cite book \|first=Dockery \|last=Kevin \|authorlink=Kevin Dockery (author) \|year=2007 \|title=Future Weapons \|publisher=Berkley Trade \|___location=New York \|isbn=9780425217504}}</ref> The standard [[selective fire]] P90 is restricted to military and law enforcement customers, but since 2005, a [[semi-automatic firearm\|semi-automatic]] version has been offered to civilian shooters as the ''PS90''.<ref name="dettyTL2008">{{cite web \|url=http://www.tactical-life.com/online/special-weapons/fnh-57x28mm-dynamic-duo \|title=FNH 5.7×28mm Dynamic Duo \|author=Detty, Mike \|date=October 2008 \|publisher=''Special Weapons For Military & Police'' \|accessdate=November 21, 2009}}</ref> [[File:Sjogren-striker-spring.jpg\|miniatura\|172x172px\|Un immagine dall'alto dell'otturatore. Si noti la molla del percussore all'interno, notevolmente più grande rispetto al normale.\|bordo]] Al momento dello sparo, la pressione nella camera di scoppio tende a spingere indietro sull'otturatore che però non può muoversi a causa della leva menzionata sopra. La pressione deve quindi per prima cosa spingere il percussore indietro contro la sua molla e solo a fine compressione la barra di bloccaggio si abbassa svincolando l'otturatore. A questo punto la rimanente pressione nella camera, calata a livelli di sicurezza, spinge l'otturatore indietro per espellere il [[bossolo]] e caricare il nuovo colpo. Una volta sparato l'ultimo colpo, l'arma si blocca in apertura, pronta per la ricarica. == ~~History~~Il fucile militare == L’idea iniziale di Sjögren era di creare un [[fucile semiautomatico]] alimentato da un caricatore a 5 colpi per l’esercito e nel 1905 il primo prototipo dell’arma era pronto per la presentazione. A seguire, sempre nel 1905, furono commissionati alla Håndvåbenværkstederne Kjøbenhavn sei esemplari dell’arma nei calibri 8 × 58 mmR ([[Danimarca]]) e 6,5 × 55 mm ([[Svezia]]). Quanche anno più tardi, nel 1911 la fabbrica danese produsse altri tre fucili camerati per la munizione russa [[7,62 × 54 mm R\|7,62 × 54 mmR]]. Nessuna di queste armi riuscì tuttavia a ottenere risultati significativi nei vari test condotti.<ref name=":0" /> L'[[British Army\|esercito britannico]] testò il fucile nel 1908: il risultato della prova di tiro (eseguita con un'arma camerata per una munizione che all'epoca fu denominata genericamente ''7,63 mm Rimless'') è poco chiaro, ma si deve supporre che l'arma non abbia soddisfatto le aspettative inglesi. L'esemplare testato a Bisley è oggi custodito al National Firearms Center, nel [[Regno Unito]]. ~~=== Development ===~~ == Il mercato civile == The P90 and its 5.7×28mm ammunition were developed by FN Herstal in response to [[NATO]] requests for a replacement for the [[9×19mm Parabellum]] cartridge and associated pistols and submachine guns.<ref name="gourley2003">Gourley, S.; Kemp, I (November 26, 2003). "The Duellists". Jane's Defence Weekly (ISSN: 02653818), Volume 40 Issue 21, pp 26–28.</ref> NATO called for two types of weapons chambered for a new cartridge—one a shoulder-fired weapon, and the other a handheld weapon.<ref name="gourley2003"/> According to NATO, these new weapons, termed personal defense weapons (PDWs), were to provide "personal protection in last-resort situations when the user is directly endangered by the enemy [...]."<ref name="gourley2003"/> In 1989, NATO published document ''D/296'', outlining a number of preliminary specifications for these weapons: Il 20 luglio 1907 '''A. Karlsson''', rappresentante della AB Svenska Vapen- och Ammunitionsfabriken si mise in contatto con l'esercito danese, in particolare il servizio tecnico dell'artiglieria, per negoziare la produzione della nuova arma e fu indirizzato nuovamente alla Håndvåbenværkstederne Kjøbenhavn. Visti i risultati tutt'altro che soddisfacenti della versione militare del fucile, Karlsson propose alla fabbrica danese di mettere in funzione una linea di produzione per un fucile a canna liscia [[Calibro 12\|calibro .12]] che usasse il sistema di chiusura brevettato da Sjögren<ref name=":0">{{Cita pubblicazione\|autore=Jens E. Perto\|data=giugno 2018\|titolo=Sjögren: en Skandinavisk Halvautomat\|rivista=Mit Jagtblad\|lingua=DA\|url=https://magasin.mitjagtblad.dk/mit-jagtblad-juni-2018/sjogren-en-skandinavisk-halvautomat}}</ref>. [[File:Sjogren-right-side.jpg\|bordo\|sinistra\|miniatura\|Il lato destro dell'arma, dove è ben visibile il nome del produttore sormontato dalla corona danese.]] La trattativa si concluse il 24 agosto 1907, quando Karlsson accettò le condizioni di produzione che prevedevano la maggiorazione del 10% sul prezzo precedentemente applicato ai fucili: il produttore danese giustificò questo aumento con la necessità di adattare l'arma all'alimentazione tramite il caricatore tubolare posto sotto la canna<ref name=":0" /> e con la produzione di un'arma in versione smontabile (''takedown''). La produzione cominciò alla fine dell'anno e per le armi si fece uso esclusivamente dell'[[acciaio]] fornito dall'azienda svedese '''Fagersta Bruk AG''', rinomata all'epoca per la qualità dei suoi metalli. Le camere dei fucili venivano regolarmente testate a 900 atmosfere (91,2 MPa), ma alcuni esemplari furono ulteriormente spinti fino a 2.500 atmosfere (253,3 MPa) per dimostrare la grande affidabilità dell'acciaio impiegato. La commissione era per 5.000 fucili che sarebbero stati immatricolati a partire dal n° 1.001 per arrivare al 6.000<ref name=":0" /><ref name="gd" />. * The new cartridge was to have greater range, accuracy, and [[ballistic trauma\|terminal performance]] than the 9×19mm cartridge.<ref name="gourley2003"/> Additionally, it was to be capable of penetrating [[body armor]].<ref name="gourley2003"/> * The shoulder-fired personal defense weapon was to weigh less than 3 kg (6.6 lb), with a [[magazine (firearms)\|magazine]] capacity of at least 20 rounds.<ref name="gourley2003"/> * The handheld personal defense weapon (pistol) was to weigh less than 1 kg (2.2 lb), although a weight of 700 g (1.5 lb) was deemed desirable; it was to have a magazine capacity of no less than 20 rounds.<ref name="gourley2003"/> * Both weapons were to be sufficiently compact to be carried hands-free on the user's person at all times, whether in the cab of a vehicle or the cockpit of an aircraft, and were to perform effectively in all environments and weather conditions.<ref name="gourley2003"/> Il fucile montava di serie una canna da 700 mm con strozzatura che riduce in diametro da 18,1 mm a 17,4 mm (quello che viene comunemente indicato con ''due stelle'' all'italiana, o ''3/4 choke'' in inglese). Allo stesso tempo furono anche ordinate 500 canne cilindriche (queste da 600 mm) acquistabili a parte come accessorio. FN Herstal was the first [[small arms]] manufacturer to respond to NATO's requirement; FN started by developing a shoulder-fired personal defense weapon, the P90, along with a small caliber, high velocity 5.7×28mm cartridge type.<ref name="gourley2003"/> The original 5.7×28mm cartridge, called the ''SS90'', went into production with the P90 in 1990.<ref name="marchington2004">{{cite book \|first=James \|last=Marchington \|year=2004 \|title=The Encyclopedia of Handheld Weapons \|publisher=Lewis International, Inc. \|___location=Miami \|isbn=9781930983144}}</ref> The SS90 propelled a 1.5 g (23 [[grain (unit)\|grain]]) plastic-core [[projectile]] from the P90 at a [[muzzle velocity]] of roughly 850 m/s (2,800 ft/s).<ref name="marchington2004"/> Shortly after its introduction, the P90 was adopted and used in service with the [[Special Forces Group (Belgium)\|Belgian special forces group]] in the 1991 [[Gulf War]].<ref name="diez2000"/> [[File:Sjogren-takedown.jpg\|bordo\|miniatura\|220x220px\|Uno Sjögren con canna da 700 mm, smontato per il trasporto.]] A causa di alcuni imprevisti durante la produzione le consegne cominciarono solo nel 1909 ma Sjögren aveva nel frattempo trovato un modo per migliorare l'affidabilità dell'arma modificando la lunghezza e la rigidità delle molle, e molti degli esemplari spediti furono richiamati in fabbrica per l'aggiornamento. Nel 1910 furono infine consegnate anche le 500 canne cilindriche. Il contratto prevedeva un costo totale di 310.500 [[Corona danese\|corone danesi]] (per fucili e canne), un terzo del quale fu pagato da Karlsson al momento della commissione come anticipo (<small>KR</small> 103.500). La rimanente somma sarebbe stata pagata alla consegna dei pezzi. A conti fatti, Karlsson avrebbe pagato circa <small>KR</small> 62 per ogni fucile. A tal proposito, è interessante notare come l'accordo di produzione e fornitura si concluda con il seguente passaggio: "[...] i prezzi concordati verranno trattati, come da richiesta dell'acquirente, con la massima discrezione"<ref>{{Cita web\|url=https://magasin.mitjagtblad.dk/mit-jagtblad-juni-2018/sjogren-en-skandinavisk-halvautomat\|titolo=Sjögren: en Skandinavisk Halvautomat\|autore=Jans E. Perto\|lingua=DA\|accesso=20 febbraio 2022}}<br />"De opgivne priser vil efter køberens ønske fra Afdelingens side blive behandlet med den største diskretion"</ref>. Following the P90's introduction, FN revised the 5.7×28mm ammunition.<ref name="gunzonetimeline1990"/> The new variation, designated the ''SS190'', used a projectile 2.7 mm (0.11 in) shorter in length than that of the SS90.<ref name="marchington2004"/> This allowed it to be used more conveniently in the 5.7×28mm FN Five-seven pistol, which was under development at that time.<ref name="gunzonetimeline1990"/> The SS190 projectile had a heavier weight, and a more conventional construction with an aluminium and steel core.<ref name="gunzonetimeline1990"/><ref name="marchington2004"/> The first prototypes of the SS190 were created in 1992, and the design was finalized in 1993, replacing the SS90.<ref name="gunzonetimeline1990"/> A modified version of the P90, with a magazine adapted to use the shortened ammunition, was then introduced in the same year.<ref name="gunzonetimeline1990"/> Several special cartridge variations were developed, such as the L191 [[tracer ammunition\|tracer]] round and the SB193 [[speed of sound\|subsonic]] round for use with a sound-suppressed P90.<ref name="jones2009">{{cite book \|editor1-first=Richard D. \|editor1-last=Jones \|editor2-first=Leland S. \|editor2-last=Ness \|title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 \|date=January 27, 2009 \|edition=35th \|publisher=Jane's Information Group \|___location=Coulsdon \|isbn=9780710628695}}</ref> Il grosso ricarico che Karlsson applicò alle armi fu probabilmente il motivo per cui il fucile non ebbe il successo sperato neanche sul mercato civile. Come citato sopra, Karlsson riceveva le armi direttamente dalla fabbrica al prezzo di <small>KR</small> 62 a pezzo. Dai registri di Paul Pontsen (che aveva il suo negozio in Store Kongensgade, [[Copenaghen]]) sappiamo che le armi venivano acquistate dall'armaiolo al prezzo di <small>KR</small> 165 e rivendute al pubblico a <small>KR</small> 220. Questo significa che Karlssen aveva un margine di guadagno del 166% su ogni arma (<small>KR</small> 103), e su questo l'armaiolo doveva ricaricare un ulteriore 33% (<small>KR</small> 55) per assicurarsi un guadagno. Il prezzo dell'arma finiva per essere troppo alto rispetto alla concorrenza: basti pensare che nel catalogo 1912 del noto rivenditore londinese '''W.J. Jeffery & Co.''' un fucile Sjögren veniva proposto al prezzo di £ 12.20s mentre il più avanzato e affidabile [[Browning Auto-5]] prodotto dalla FN era acquistabile per £ 9.00s<ref>{{Cita web\|url=https://data.maglr.com/258/issues/7358/108946/assets/css/img/C24f3fc3767bd3d36c0da3496331caa5b.jpg\|titolo=Immagine del catalogo W.J. Jeffery & Co. del 1912\|data=1912\|lingua=EN\|p=73\|accesso=19 febbraio 2022}}</ref>, ovvero il 40% in meno. Il fucile di [[John Browning\|Browning]] divenne infatti uno dei più popolari fucili a canna liscia del XX secolo e la produzione (ininterrotta dal 1902) si è conclusa solo nel 1999 dopo quasi cento anni<ref>{{Cita web\|url=https://www.browning.com/support/date-your-firearm/auto-5-semi-automatic-shotgun.html\|titolo=Auto-5 Semiautomatic Shotgun\|lingua=EN\|accesso=19 febbraio 2022}}</ref>. ~~=== NATO evaluation ===~~ In 2002 and 2003, NATO conducted a series of tests with the intention of standardizing a PDW cartridge as a replacement for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge.<ref name="oliver2007">{{cite web \|url=http://www.global-defence.com/2006/Utilities/article.php?id=40 \|title=In the Line of Fire \|author=Oliver, David \|year=2007 \|publisher=Global Defence Review \|accessdate=October 19, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061016074936/http://www.global-defence.com/2006/Utilities/article.php?id=40 \|archivedate=October 16, 2006}}</ref> The tests compared the relative merits of the FN 5.7×28mm cartridge and the [[HK 4.6×30mm]] cartridge, which was created by German small arms manufacturer [[Heckler & Koch]] as a competitor to the 5.7×28mm.<ref name="oliver2007" /> The results of the NATO tests were analyzed by a group formed of experts from Canada, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and the group's conclusion was that the 5.7×28mm was "undoubtedly" the more efficient cartridge.<ref name="oliver2007" /> However, the German delegation and others rejected the NATO recommendation that 5.7×28mm be standardized, halting the standardization process indefinitely.<ref name="oliver2007" /><ref name="gourley2003" /> As a result, both the 4.6×30mm and 5.7×28mm cartridges (and the associated weapons) have been independently adopted by various NATO countries, according to preference; the P90 is currently in service with military and police forces in over 40 countries throughout the world.<ref name="milrev" /><ref name="gourley2003" /> === ~~Present~~Eredità === [[File:Sjogren-bolt-face.jpg\|miniatura\|L'otturatore dello Sjögren in apertura. Si noti come il pezzo è costituito da una parte centrale e due ali separate sui fianchi.]] L'arma, dato anche il basso numero di esemplari prodotti, è oggi un pezzo non facile da trovare fuori dalla Svezia. Alcuni di questi fucili furono sicuramente importati in Russia negli anni subito precedenti la [[Prima guerra mondiale]] e alcuni esemplari si trovavano ancora in giro nei negozi di Mosca e Leningrado negli anni Ottanta e Novanta<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione\|autore=Rimantas Noreika\|anno=2002\|titolo=Самозарядное охотничье ружьё\|rivista=Калашников - Оружие, боеприпасы, снаряжение\|volume=2\|lingua=RU\|}}<br />"Ружья выпускались только до 1914 года, но некоторое количество их всё-таки попало в Россию, как в частном порядке, так и через продажу по каталогам, например, магазина А. А. Биткова в Москве. [...] В 80-е годы прошлого столетия они иногда появлялись в комиссионных магазинах Москвы и Ленинграда"</ref>. Di tanto in tanto alcuni esemplari vengono venduti in aste in vari paesi del mondo<ref>{{Cita web\|url=https://www.rockislandauction.com/detail/50/1928/sjogren-inertia-automatic-shotgun\|titolo=Lot 1928: Sjogren Inertia Automatic Shotgun\|lingua=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web\|url=https://www.barnebys.com/auctions/lot/r2uexz7yx\|titolo=Automat. System Sjogren Patent Shotgun 1950s JMD-12106\|lingua=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web\|url=https://www.gunsamerica.com/949000428/AXEL-SJOGREN-SWEDEN-SEMI-AUTO-1908-MFG-12GA.htm\|titolo=Axel Sjögren "Sweden" semiauto 1908 MFG, .12 Ga\|lingua=EN}}</ref> ma l'arma ha risentito molto dello scarso successo commerciale e ad oggi sono in pochi a conoscerla. Inoltre, il fucile non è progettato per usare le moderne cartucce da 70 mm, ma quelle da 65 mm: l'uso delle 70 mm è in realta tecnicamente possibile ma fortemente sconsigliato in quanto allo sparo l'apertura del bossolo andrà a ridurre il diametro della canna creando una sovrapressione potenzialmente pericolosa. Negli anni Sessanta, l'ingegnere Bruno Civolani in collaborazione con l'azienda [[Benelli Armi\|Benelli]], ha brevettato un sistema di riarmo, chiamato ''Inertia Driven''<ref name=":1">{{Cita web\|url=https://www.benelliusa.com/resources/inertia-driven\|titolo=Inertia Driven System by BENELLI}}</ref>, che riprende concettualmente quanto proposto da Sjögren oltre mezzo secolo prima ma con alcuni accorgimenti e perfezionamenti che lo rendono più semplice, sicuro, affidabile e semplice da smontare. Il sistema è ancora oggi alla base di varie armi prodotte dalla Benelli, tra cui il famoso fucile [[Benelli M3 Super 90\|M3 Super 90]] ancora oggi in produzione e la pistola B76<ref name=":2">{{Cita web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pf9_NPdNvA0&ab_channel=ForgottenWeapons\|titolo=Benelli B76 Family: Italian Inertial Locking Autopistols\|autore=Ian McCollum\|sito=forgottenweapons.com\|data=2019\|lingua=EN\|accesso=19 febbraio 2022}}</ref>. Further development of the P90 platform led to the creation of the ''P90 TR'' model, which has a [[Picatinny rail\|MIL-STD-1913]] triple rail interface for mounting accessories.<ref name="gourley2003"/> This model was introduced in late 1999 and continues to be offered alongside the standard P90.<ref name="gourley2003"/> More recently, the P90 has been offered to civilian shooters as the ''PS90'', a semi-automatic carbine intended for [[self-defense\|personal protection]] and sporting use.<ref name="fnhusaps90">{{cite web \|url=http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/commercial/carbines/ps90-standard \|title=FNH USA Carbines — The PS90 Standard \|publisher=[[FNH USA]] \|year=2012 \|accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref> Un'altra arma interessante che sfrutta parzialmente il principio d'inerzia per il suo funzionamento è il '''Mauser Selbstladegewehr M1916'''<ref>{{Cita web\|url=https://de.topwar.ru/98775-samozaryadnaya-vintovka-mauser-selbstlader-m1916.html\|titolo=Mauser Selbstlader M1916 Selbstladegewehr\|autore=Kirill Ryabov\|sito=topwar.ru\|data=2 agosto 2016\|lingua=DE\|accesso=19 febbraio 2022}}</ref>, prodotto in circa 600 esemplari dalla [[Mauser]] durante la [[Prima guerra mondiale]]. In questo caso il bloccaggio della culatta è garantito da due alette che vengono però sbloccate al momento dello sparo dal movimento del fucile durante il rinculo e una placca metallica con due camme che invece tende a rimanere ferma relativamente al resto del fucile che invece arretra<ref>{{Cita web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBsUnVQzhh8&ab_channel=ForgottenWeapons\|titolo=Mauser Selbstlader M1916 (Infantry Version)\|autore=Ian McCollum\|data=2016\|lingua=EN\|accesso=19 febbraio 2022}}</ref>. ~~== Design ==~~ [[File:PS90 breakdown.jpg\|thumb\|left\|A disassembled PS90 carbine, showing the major component groups. The standard P90 disassembles into similar component groups: 1. hammer group, 2. barrel and optical sight group, 3. butt plate, 4. magazine, 5. moving parts group, 6. frame and trigger group]] In anni recenti il fucile è apparso in alcuni videogiochi, tra cui [[Battlefield 1]], [[Battlefield V]] e Generation Zero (dove è stato rinominato Sjöqvist) e questo ha contribuito a dare visibilità all'arma. The P90 is a [[selective fire]], [[Blowback (arms)\|straight blowback]]-operated weapon with a cyclic [[rate of fire]] of 900 RPM (rounds per minute).<ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="fnhusap90">{{cite web \|url=http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/law-enforcement/tactical/p90-series \|title=FNH USA Tactical Weapons – The P90 Series \|year=2012 \|publisher=[[FNH USA]] \|accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref> The weapon is chambered for FN's 5.7×28mm ammunition, and although it was developed and initially marketed as a personal defense weapon, it could be considered a submachine gun or compact assault rifle.<ref name="dockery2007"/> Its unusual shape is based on extensive [[ergonomic]] research.<ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="miller2001"/> The weapon is grasped by means of a thumbhole in the frame that acts as a [[pistol grip]], as well as an oversized [[trigger guard]] that acts as a [[foregrip]] for the shooter's support hand.<ref name="marchington2004"/> The P90 fires from a [[closed bolt]] for maximum accuracy, and its design makes extensive use of [[polymers]] for reduced weight and cost.<ref name="dettyTL2008"/> Overall, the weapon is relatively lightweight, weighing 2.5 kg (5.6 lb) empty, or 3 kg (6.6 lb) with a loaded 50-round magazine.<ref name="miller2001"/><ref name="marchington2004"/> ==Note== The P90 is notable for being fully [[ambidextrous]]—it can be operated by right or left-handed shooters with equal ease, and without making any modifications to the weapon.<ref name="marchington2004"/> FN Herstal has described it as the "first fully ambidextrous individual automatic weapon."<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.fnherstal.com/html/p_90.htm \|title=P90® Submachine Gun, 5.7x28mm \|year=2002 \|publisher=[[FN Herstal]] \|accessdate=October 15, 2011 \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20020214012140/http://www.fnherstal.com/html/p_90.htm \|archivedate=2002}}</ref> The [[charging handle]], [[magazine release]] and backup [[iron sight]]s are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the weapon, and the firing selector is located directly at the foot of the trigger, where it can be operated from either side by the shooter's trigger finger or support hand thumb.<ref name="fnhusap90"/> When fired, the P90 ejects spent cartridge casings downward through a chute located behind the grip, so spent cases are kept out of the shooter's line of sight.<ref name="marchington2004"/> {{reflist\|2}} == Voci correlate == The P90 can be fitted with a [[Sling (firearms)\|sling]] for greater ease of carry, and since the weapon has a fixed [[stock (firearms)\|stock]] (as opposed to having a collapsing or folding stock), it can be quickly deployed when needed.<ref name="marchington2004"/><ref name="fnhp90">{{cite web \|url=http://www.fnherstal.com/index.php?id=268&backPID=262&productID=63&pid_product=294&pidList=262&categorySelector=4&detail=&cHash=fb257c2c82 \|title=Personal Defense Weapons: P90® Standard \|year=2011 \|publisher=[[FN Herstal]] \|accessdate=May 18, 2011}}</ref> The weapon's smooth, rounded contours prevent it from snagging on the shooter's clothing or equipment, and a small vertical protrusion is provided at the front end of the weapon's frame to prevent the shooter's hand from accidentally slipping in front of the [[Muzzle (firearms)\|muzzle]] while shooting.<ref name="miller2001"/><ref name="marchington2004"/> A hollow compartment inside the rear of the weapon's frame—accessed by removing the buttplate—allows for convenient storage of a cleaning kit.<ref name="marchington2004"/> * [[Benelli M1 Super 90]] The P90 was designed to have a length no greater than a man's shoulder width, to allow it to be easily carried and maneuvered in tight spaces, such as the inside of an [[Armoured fighting vehicle\|armored vehicle]].<ref name="dockery2007"/> To achieve this, the weapon's design uses the unconventional [[bullpup]] configuration, in which the [[firearm action\|action]] and magazine are located behind the trigger and alongside the shooter's face so that there is no wasted space in the [[Stock (firearms)\|stock]].<ref name="dettyTL2008"/> The P90's dimensions are minimized by its unique horizontally mounted feeding system, wherein the [[Magazine (firearms)\|box magazine]] sits parallel to the barrel on top of the weapon's frame.<ref name="dockery2007"/> The weapon overall has an extremely compact profile—it is the most compact fixed-stock submachine gun to be made.<ref name="dockery2007"/> The standard version of the weapon has an overall length of 500 mm (19.7 in), a height of 210 mm (8.3 in), and a width of 55 mm (2.2 in).<ref name="jones2009"/> * [[Benelli M3 Super 90]] * [[Browning Auto-5]] == Altri progetti == The P90 requires minimal [[Firearm maintenance\|maintenance]], and it can be disassembled quickly and easily.<ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="wall2003"/> It is a modular firearm, consisting of four main component groups: the [[Gun barrel\|barrel]] and optical sight group, the moving parts group, the frame and [[Trigger (firearms)\|trigger]] group, and the [[Hammer (firearms)\|hammer]] group. The P90's barrel is [[Forging\|cold hammer-forged]] and [[Chrome plating\|chrome-lined]], with an overall length of 263 mm (10.4 in).<ref name="fnhusap90"/> The barrel has eight [[rifling]] grooves with a right-hand [[twist rate]] of 1:231 mm (1:9.1 in), and it is equipped with a diagonally cut [[flash suppressor]] that also acts as a recoil compensator.<ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="fnhusap90"/> The stated service life of the barrel is 20,000 rounds.<ref name="dockery2007"/> {{interprogetto\|commons=Sjögren (shotgun)}} <nowiki> The P90 uses an internal hammer striking mechanism and a trigger mechanism with a three-position rotary dial fire control selector, located at the foot of the trigger. The dial has three settings: ''S'' – safe, ''1'' – semi-automatic fire, and ''A'' – fully automatic fire. When set on ''A'', the P90's fire selector provides a two-stage trigger operation similar to that of the [[Steyr AUG]] assault rifle—pulling the trigger back slightly produces semi-automatic fire, and pulling the trigger fully to the rear produces fully automatic fire.<ref name="marchington2004"/> [[Categoria:Armi]] [[Categoria:Armi da fuoco]] ~~=== Ammunition ===~~ [[Categoria:Fucili a canna liscia]] [[File:57lineup.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Three of the small-caliber, high-[[muzzle velocity\|velocity]] [[5.7×28mm]] cartridges as used in the P90. The left cartridge has a plain hollow tip, the center cartridge has a red plastic V-max tip, and the right cartridge has a blue plastic V-max tip<ref name="dockery2007"/>]] [[Categoria:Fucili]] ~~[[File:FNP90MAG02.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|The P90's unique [[magazine (firearms)\|magazine]] has a capacity of 50 rounds, and it fits flush with the weapon's frame.<ref name="dockery2007"/>]]~~ [[Categoria:Armi semiautomatiche]] ~~[[File:FNP90MAG01.JPG\|thumb\|The P90 magazine feed lips]]~~ [[Categoria:Fucili semiautomatici]] </nowiki> Particularly significant to the design of the P90 is the small-caliber, high-velocity bottlenecked cartridge it uses. The 5.7×28mm cartridge was created by FN Herstal in response to a NATO requirement that called for a replacement for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge, which is commonly used in pistols and submachine guns.<ref name="oliver2007"/> The 5.7×28mm cartridge weighs 6.0 g (93 [[Grain (unit)\|grains]])—roughly half as much as a typical 9×19mm cartridge—allowing the same amount of ammunition to be carried for less weight, or allowing more ammunition to be carried for the same weight.<ref name="dettyTL2008"/><ref name="fnhusaammo2002">{{cite web \|url=http://www.fnhusa.com/contents/tw_57x28system.htm \|title=FNH USA, Inc. 5.7×28mm Weapon System \|year=2002 \|publisher=[[FNH USA]] \|accessdate=February 1, 2010 \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20021225101159/www.fnhusa.com/contents/tw_57x28system.htm \|archivedate=December 25, 2002}}</ref><ref name="fortierusg02">{{cite web \|url=http://www.handgunsmag.com/ammunition/hg_militarytoday_200811 \|title=Military Ammo Today \|author=Fortier, David \|year=2008 \|publisher=''Handguns Magazine'' \|accessdate=October 19, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5rzTMO60b \|archivedate=2010}}</ref> Since the 5.7×28mm cartridge has a relatively small diameter, an unusually high number of cartridges can be contained in a magazine.<ref name="amselle2011">{{cite web \|url=http://www.tactical-life.com/online/special-weapons/fn-five-seven-57x28mm \|title=FN FIVE-SEVEN 5.7×28mm \|date=November 2011 \|author=Amselle, Jorge \|publisher=''Special Weapons For Military & Police'' \|accessdate=November 9, 2011}}</ref> The cartridge has a loud [[Muzzle blast\|report]] and produces considerable [[muzzle blast#Muzzle flash\|muzzle flash]] (when fired from a pistol), but it produces roughly 30 percent less [[recoil]] than the 9×19mm cartridge, improving [[muzzle rise\|controllability]].<ref name="fortierusg02"/> Due to its high velocity, the 5.7×28mm exhibits an exceptionally flat [[trajectory]].<ref name="dockery2007"/><ref name="wall2003"/> One of the design intents for the standard 5.7×28mm cartridge type, the ''SS190'', was that it have the ability to penetrate [[Kevlar]] [[ballistic vest\|protective vests]]—such as the NATO [[CRISAT]] vest—that will stop conventional pistol bullets.<ref name="fortierusg02"/> Fired from the P90, the 5.7×28mm SS190 has a muzzle velocity of roughly 716 m/s (2,350 ft/s) and is capable of penetrating the CRISAT vest at a range of 200 m (219 yd), or a [[ballistic vest#Performance standards\|Level IIIA]] Kevlar vest at the same range.<ref name="wall2003"/><ref name="fortierusg02"/> FN states an effective range of 200 m (219 yd) and a maximum range of 1,800 m (1,969 yd) for the 5.7×28mm cartridge when fired from the P90.<ref name="jones2009"/> In testing conducted by the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP) in 1999, the SS190 fired from the P90 at a distance of 25 m (27 yd) exhibited an average penetration depth of 25 cm (9.85 in) in [[ballistic gelatin]] covered with a Level II [[ballistic vest\|vest]].<ref name="cutshaw2006">Cutshaw, Charlie (May 2006). "FN Herstal's Five-seveN Pistol". Tactical Response.</ref> The SS190 exhibited penetration depths ranging from 28 to 34 cm (11 to 13.5 in) when fired from the P90 into bare ballistic gelatin, in tests conducted by [[Houston Police Department]] [[SWAT]].<ref name="wall2003"/> In testing, the SS190 and similar 5.7×28mm [[projectile]]s consistently turn base over point ("tumble") as they pass through ballistic gelatin and other media, using the 21.6-mm (.85 in) projectile length<ref name="sterett2005">{{cite web\|url=http://www.gunweek.com/2005/feature0110.html \|title=FN 5.7mm Five-seveN Pistol Makes Civilian Model Debut \|author=Sterett, Larry S. \|publisher=Gun Week \|year=2005 \|accessdate=October 19, 2009}}</ref> to create a larger wound cavity.<ref name="miller2001"/><ref name="dettyTL2008"/><ref name="wall2003"/><ref name="bahde2009">{{cite web \|url=http://www.tactical-life.com/online/combat-handguns/fnh-five-seven-odg-57x28mm \|title=FNH Five-seveN ODG 5.7×28mm \|author=Bahde, Dave \|publisher=''Combat Handguns'' \|date=November 2009 \|accessdate=November 28, 2009}}</ref> However, some are skeptical of the bullet's [[ballistic trauma\|terminal performance]], and it is a subject of debate among civilian shooters in the United States.<ref name="bahde2009"/> The 5.7×28mm projectile potentially poses less risk of [[collateral damage]] than conventional pistol bullets, because the projectile design limits overpenetration, as well as risk of [[ricochet]].<ref name="cutshaw2006"/><ref name="humphries2008"/> The lightweight projectile loses much of its [[kinetic energy]] after traveling only 400 m (437 yd), whereas a conventional pistol bullet such as the 9×19mm retains significant energy beyond 800 m (875 yd), posing greater risk of collateral damage in the event of a miss.<ref name="dockery2007"/> This range exceeds the engagement distances expected for the 5.7×28mm cartridge's intended applications, so the cartridge's limited energy at long range is not considered to be disadvantageous.<ref name="dockery2007"/> Since the SS190 projectile does not rely on fragmentation or the expansion of a [[hollow point bullet\|hollow point]], the cartridge (and 5.7×28mm weapons) is considered suitable for military use under the [[Hague Convention of 1899]], which prohibits the use of expanding bullets in warfare.<ref name="bahde2009"/> ~~{\| class="wikitable"~~ ~~\|+ Ballistic performance summary for various 5.7×28mm cartridges~~ \|- ~~! Cartridge type~~ ~~! SS195LF<ref name="fnhusacatalogammo08"/>~~ ~~! SS197SR<ref name="fnhusacatalogammo08"/>~~ ~~! EA Protector<ref name="gunblast"/>~~ ~~! EA Varmintor<ref name="gunblast"/>~~ ~~! EA S4<ref name="gunblast"/>~~ \|- ~~! [[Projectile]] weight~~ ~~\| 1,8 g (28 gr)~~ ~~\| {{convert\|2.6\|g\|gr\|abbr=on}}~~ ~~\| {{convert\|2.6\|g\|gr\|abbr=on}}~~ ~~\| {{convert\|2.3\|g\|gr\|abbr=on}}~~ ~~\| {{convert\|1.8\|g\|gr\|abbr=on}}~~ \|- ~~! [[Muzzle velocity]]~~ ~~\| align=center\| 777 m/s~~ ~~\| {{convert\|640\|m/s\|abbr=on}}~~ ~~\| {{convert\|716\|m/s\|abbr=on}}~~ ~~\| {{convert\|747\|m/s\|abbr=on}}~~ ~~\| {{convert\|930\|m/s\|abbr=on}}~~ \|- ~~! [[Muzzle energy]]~~ ~~\| 550 J~~ ~~\| 530 J~~ ~~\| 665 J~~ ~~\| 650 J~~ ~~\| 785 J~~ \|} ~~=== Feeding ===~~ The P90 uses a unique horizontally mounted feeding system—patented in the United States—that contributes to the weapon's compact profile and unusual appearance.<ref name="dockery2007"/> ''U.S. Patent 4,905,394'' ("Top mounted longitudinal magazine") was awarded in 1990, naming René Predazzer as the sole inventor.<ref>{{ cite web \|url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4905394.PN.&OS=PN/4905394&RS=PN/4905394 \|title=U.S. Patent 4,905,394 (Top mounted longitudinal magazine) \|publisher=[[United States Patent and Trademark Office]] \|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref> The [[Magazine (firearms)\|detachable box magazine]] is mounted parallel to the P90's barrel, fitting flush with the top of the weapon's frame, and it contains 50 rounds of ammunition, which lie in two rows at a right angle to the barrel.<ref name="marchington2004"/> As the cartridges are pushed back by spring pressure and arrive at the rear end of the magazine, they are fed as a single row into a spiral feed ramp and rotated 90 degrees, aligning them with the [[Chamber (firearms)\|chamber]].<ref name="marchington2004"/> The magazine body is composed of polymer, and it is semi-transparent to allow the shooter to see the amount of ammunition remaining at any time.<ref name="marchington2004"/> ~~=== Sights and accessories ===~~ [[File:USGsight01.jpg\|thumb\|The normal and low-light reticles of the USG reflex sight used on the FN P90 / PS90 USG models. The ''USG'' [[reflex sight]] has a black T-shaped [[reticle]] with [[tritium]] elements that glow red and are visible in dim lighting.<ref name="rodriguez2008">{{cite web \|url=http://www.shootingtimes.com/longgun_reviews/st_fnsfirepower_200811 \|title=FN's Fun 5.7 Firepower \|author=Rodriguez, Greg \|year=2008 \|publisher=''Shooting Times'' \|accessdate=October 24, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5yoKCm3HD \|archivedate=2011}}</ref>]] The P90 was originally equipped with the Ring Sights HC-14-62 [[Reflector sight\|reflex sight]], but the current weapon is instead fitted with the Ring Sights MC-10-80 sight, which was specifically designed for it.<ref name="gourley2003"/><ref name="ringsights01">{{cite web \|url=http://www.ringsights.com/Products/sights/SightsDesc/MC-10-80.htm \|title=Ring Sights MC-10-80 \|publisher=Ring Sights \|accessdate=June 28, 2010}}</ref> The HC-14-62 has a polymer housing and uses a forward-aimed fiber optic collector to illuminate the white daytime reticle, which consists of a large circle of about 180 [[minutes of arc]] (MOA), with a 20 MOA circle surrounding a 3.5 MOA dot in the center. The MC-10-80 has an anodized aluminum housing, and has a similar black reticle. The night reticle for both the HC-14-62 and the MC-10-80 consists of an open ''T'' that is primarily illuminated by a [[Tritium illumination\|tritium module]], and, in the HC-14-62, ambient light drawn in by an upward-facing collector. The sight is adjustable for both windage and elevation, and it can be used in conjunction with [[night vision equipment]].<ref name="ringsights01"/> As backup in case the reflex sight is damaged, a set of fixed iron sights is provided on each side of the reflex sight housing.<ref name="ringsights01"/> The P90 has provisions for mounting a number of different types of accessories, including [[tactical light]]s and [[laser sights\|laser aiming devices]]. A sling can be attached to the P90 for greater ease of carry, or it can be fitted with various [[sound suppressor]]s such as the Gemtech ''SP90'', which was designed specifically for the weapon in cooperation with FN Herstal.<ref name="jones2009"/> This stainless steel suppressor with a black oxide finish is built according to [[MIL-SPEC]]s, including saltwater corrosion resistance.<ref name="jones2009"/> It has a length of 184 mm (7.2 in), a diameter of 35 mm (1.4 in) and a weight of 680 g (1.5 lb).<ref name="jones2009"/> When [[speed of sound\|subsonic]] ammunition is used in conjunction with the suppressor, it reduces the sound signature of the P90 by 33 dB.<ref name="jones2009"/> A small case collector pouch for the P90 is available which fits over the ejection port and collects spent cases as they are ejected downward; the pouch will collect up to one hundred cases before filling.<ref name="gourley2003"/><ref name="wall2003"/> ~~== Variants ==~~ ~~[[File:FN P90 PDW.jpg\|thumb\|''P90 TR'' (Triple Rail) model, which features a [[Picatinny rail]] system for mounting accessories, equipped with an Aimpoint [[red dot sight]]<ref name="jones2009"/>]]~~ ~~=== Military models ===~~ ; P90 TR:The ''P90 TR'' (Triple Rail) model, also known as the "flat-top," was introduced in late 1999.<ref name="jones2009"/> It features a receiver-mounted triple [[MIL-STD-1913]] (''Picatinny'') rail interface system, or "Triple Rail," for mounting accessories.<ref name="jones2009"/> There is one full-length accessory rail integrated into the top of the receiver, and two rail stumps are included on the sides of the receiver.<ref name="jones2009"/> The top rail will accept various optical sights with no tools or additional mounting hardware required, and the side rails serve to mount secondary accessories, such as tactical lights or laser aiming devices.<ref name="fnhusap90"/> ; P90 USG:The ''P90 USG'' (United States Government) model is similar to the standard P90, except the [[Reflector sight\|reflex sight]] housing is aluminium, and the sight has a revised [[reticle]].<ref name="rodriguez2008"/> The black reticle consists of a tiny dot inside of a small ring, which is joined by three posts that glow red in low light conditions due to [[tritium]]-illumination.<ref name="rodriguez2008"/> The USG reflex sight can be removed and replaced with a special MIL-STD-1913 (''Picatinny'') rail mount for attaching a different sight.<ref name="rodriguez2008"/> ;P90 Laserex models:The ''P90 LV'' (Laser Visible) and ''P90 IR'' (InfraRed) models, both of which were introduced in late 1995, have an integrated laser sight manufactured by Laserex Technologies in Australia.<ref name="idr1996">"Revolution in Slow Motion". International Defense Review (Switzerland), Volume 29 Issue 1, pp 13–14 (January 1, 1996).</ref> The ''P90 LV'' model projects an 8 [[Watt#Multiples\|mW]] visible laser intended to be used as a low-light shooting aid or for dissuasive effect, while the ''P90 IR'' model projects a 4.5 [[Watt#Multiples\|mW]] [[infrared]] laser that can only be seen with [[night vision device\|night vision equipment]].<ref name="fnhusap90"/><ref name="remtekp90laser">{{cite web \|url=http://www.remtek.com/arms/fn/p90/laser/index.htm \|title=FN P90 Laser Target Designator \|year=1999 \|publisher=Remtek \|accessdate=December 23, 2009}}</ref> Both laser systems are compact, consisting of a small, flat panel integrated into the front end of the weapon's frame.<ref name="remtekp90laser"/> The Laserex P90 laser systems have a weight of 131 g (0.29 lb), and they are activated by means of a green pressure switch located on the underside of the weapon's pistol grip.<ref name="remtekp90laser"/> The lasers can be configured for three different internal settings: ''Off'' – disabled to prevent accidental activation, ''Training'' – low intensity for eye safety and extended battery life in training, or ''Combat'' – high intensity for maximum visibility.<ref name="remtekp90laser"/> The Laserex P90 laser systems have a battery life of 250 hours when used on the ''Training'' setting, or a life of 50 hours when used on the ''Combat'' setting.<ref name="remtekp90laser"/> ~~=== Semi-automatic models ===~~ ~~[[File:FNPS9002.jpg\|thumb\|The matte black ''PS90 USG'' model; the PS90 is a semi-automatic carbine developed for civilian shooters for personal protection and sporting use<ref name="fnhusaps90"/>]]~~ The ''PS90'' is a [[carbine]] version of the P90, intended for civilian shooters for personal protection and sporting use; it was introduced in 2005, and continues to be offered in several configurations.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/><ref name="detty2008">{{cite web \|url=http://www.fnhusa1.com/PDF/reviews/0801PS90policemag.pdf \|title=FNH USA PS90 Carbine \|author=Detty, Mike \|date=January 1, 2008 \|publisher=Police Magazine \|accessdate=October 14, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/628JtLShu \|archivedate=October 2, 2011}}</ref> The PS90 will accept the standard 50-round P90 magazines, but the gun is supplied with a magazine that is blocked to a capacity of 10 or 30 rounds, allowing it to be sold in jurisdictions where magazine capacities are [[Gun laws in the United States (by state)\|restricted by law]].<ref name="detty2008"/> In order to be legal for purchase by civilians without obtaining a tax stamp for a Short Barreled Rifle (SBR) as defined by the United States [[National Firearms Act]], the PS90 carbine has an extended 407 mm (16 in) barrel and is semi-automatic, with a trigger pull of approximately {{convert\|31\|-\|36\|N}}.<ref name="rodriguez2008"/><ref name="detty2008"/> The lengthened barrel has eight [[rifling]] grooves, with a right-hand [[twist rate]] of 1:229 mm (1:9 in) and a rifled length of {{convert\|376\|mm\|abbr=on}}; the muzzle is equipped with a fixed "birdcage" type [[flash suppressor]].<ref name="detty2008"/> Despite the added barrel length, the PS90 is relatively compact and lightweight, with an overall length of 667 mm (26.3 in), and a weight of 3.4 kg (7.5 lb) with a fully loaded 50-round magazine.<ref name="detty2008"/> Due to the added barrel length, the PS90 can achieve a muzzle velocity of up to 777 m/s (2,550 ft/s) with SS195LF ammunition, or up to 930 m/s (3,050 ft/s) with third-party ammunition.<ref name="fnhusacatalogammo08">{{cite web \|url=http://www.fnhusa1.com/PDF/FNH08ammunition.pdf \|title=FNH USA 2008 Product Catalog – 5.7×28mm Ammunition \|publisher=[[FNH USA]] \|year=2008 \|accessdate=January 30, 2010 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5rOfo5oje \|archivedate=July 21, 2010}}</ref><ref name="gunblast">{{cite web \|url=http://www.gunblast.com/FNH-PS90.htm \|title=PS90 USG 5.7x28mm Semi-Auto Carbine from FNH-USA \|author=Quinn, Jeff \|date=May 27, 2009 \|publisher=Gunblast \|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> ; PS90 Standard: The ''PS90 Standard'' is the current model of the PS90 offered by FN Herstal.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/> It features a MIL-STD-1913 (''Picatinny'') rail fitted to the top of the receiver, which allows the shooter to mount their preferred optical sight.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/> The rail includes a set of integrated iron sights, as backup in case the primary sight is damaged.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/> The PS90 Standard is available with either an olive drab or black frame.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/> ; PS90 TR: The ''PS90 TR'' is now discontinued.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/> It featured a "Triple Rail" receiver assembly identical to that of the P90 TR.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/> The top of the receiver consisted of an MIL-STD-1913 (''Picatinny'') rail, allowing the shooter to mount his or her preferred optical sight.<ref name="detty2008"/> Two polymer side rails—one on each side of the receiver—were included for mounting secondary accessories, such as lasers or tactical lights.<ref name="detty2008"/> Like the PS90 Standard, the PS90 TR was available with either an olive drab or black frame.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/> As of 2013, the PS90 TR model is no longer listed by FNH USA.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/> ; PS90 USG: The ''PS90 USG'' is now discontinued.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/> In the same fashion as the P90 USG, this model has an aluminium reflex sight housing with a revised [[reticle]].<ref name="rodriguez2008"/> The black reticle consists of a tiny dot inside of a small ring, which is joined by three posts that glow red in low light conditions due to tritium-illumination.<ref name="rodriguez2008"/> The USG reflex sight can be removed and replaced with a special MIL-STD-1913 (''Picatinny'') rail mount for attaching a different sight, and like other models of the PS90, the USG is available with either an olive drab or black frame.<ref name="fnhusaps90"/><ref name="rodriguez2008"/> As of 2011, the PS90 USG model is no longer listed by FNH USA,<ref name="fnhusaps90"/> but the USG reflex sight is still offered as a standalone accessory. ~~== Users ==~~ [[Image:P90 Cyprus.jpg\|thumb \|185px \|alt=Photo of a Cypriot National Guard member carrying a P90 during a parade in Larnaca \|The [[Cypriot National Guard]] purchased 350 P90s in 2000.<ref name="jones2009"/>]] ~~[[Image:FAP parada2.JPG\|thumb \|185px \|alt=Photo of the Peruvian special forces carrying P90s during a parade \|Peruvian special forces carrying P90s during a military parade in 2012]]~~ Despite being originally intended as a defensive weapon for military personnel whose primary role is not fighting with small arms (such as vehicle drivers), most sales of the P90 have been to [[special forces]] and [[counter-terrorist]] groups who use it for offensive roles.<ref name="gourley2003"/> The P90 first saw operational use in the 1991 [[Gulf War]], where it was used by the [[Special Forces Group (Belgium)\|Belgian special forces group]].<ref name="diez2000"/> In 1997, suppressed P90s were used in combat by the Peruvian special forces group (''Grupo de Fuerzas Especiales'') in [[Operation Chavín de Huantar]], the [[hostage crisis\|hostage rescue]] siege that ended the [[Japanese embassy hostage crisis]].<ref name="specialops">{{cite web \|url=http://www.specialoperations.com/Foreign/Peru/Assault.htm \|title=Peru's Special Forces: Operation Chavin de Huantar \|accessdate=August 15, 2009}}</ref> The operation was a success: all 14 [[Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement\|MRTA]] revolutionaries were killed, and 71 hostages were rescued.<ref name="specialops"/> The MRTA revolutionaries who had taken the hostages were equipped with body armor, but it was defeated by the Peruvian special forces' P90s.<ref name="lewis2007">{{cite book \|first=Jack \|last=Lewis \|authorlink=Jack Lewis (screenwriter) \| title=The Gun Digest Book of Assault Weapons \|publisher=Krause Publications \|___location=Iola \|edition=7th \|date=September 26, 2007 \|isbn=9780896894983}}</ref> In 2011, P90s were used by [[Muammar Gaddafi]]'s [[Armed forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya\|military forces]] in the [[2011 Libyan civil war]], and some of these examples were captured and used in the war by [[Anti-Gaddafi forces\|Libyan rebel forces]].<ref name="deredactie">{{cite web \|url=http://analyse.deredactie.be/2011/04/21/bericht-van-het-front-in-libie \|title=Bericht van het front in Libië \|date=April 21, 2011 \|language=Dutch \|author=Fux, Eric \|publisher=''[[De Redactie]]'' \|accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> By 2009, the P90 was in service with military and police forces in over 40 countries.<ref name="milrev"/> In the United States, [[Houston Police Department]] was the first local law enforcement agency to adopt the P90, acquiring it for their [[SWAT]] team in 1999.<ref name="wall2003">{{cite web\|url=http://www.hendonpub.com/resources/articlearchive/details.aspx?ID=309 \|title=Experiences with the FN P90 \|author=Wall, Sandy \|publisher=Hendon Publishing Co. \|date=April 2003 \|accessdate=September 14, 2010 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5yoK5IoX4 \|archivedate=May 19, 2011}}</ref> In 2003, the Houston SWAT team became one of the first agencies in the country to use the weapon in a [[shootout]].<ref name="wall2003"/> By 2009, the P90 was in use with over 200 law enforcement agencies in the United States,<ref name="white2009"/> including the [[United States Secret Service\|Secret Service]] and [[United States Federal Protective Service\|Federal Protective Service]].<ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="terry2004">{{cite web \|url=http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/1047/on_the_streets_of_new_york_security \|title=On the Streets of New York: Security \|date=September 3, 2004 \|author=Allen, Terry J. \|publisher=''[[In These Times]]'' \|accessdate=September 26, 2009}}</ref> In response, the [[National Rifle Association]] added the P90 and PS90 to its NRA Tactical Police Competition standards, allowing law enforcement agencies to compete in the event using either weapon.<ref name="nracomp2009">{{cite web \|url=http://www.fnhusa.com/le/press/detail.asp?id=61 \|title=NRA Adds FN 5.7×28mm Caliber Firearms to Tactical Police Competition Standards \|year=2009 \|publisher=[[FNH USA]] \|accessdate=May 13, 2010}}</ref> ~~Military and law enforcement organizations using the P90 include:~~ <!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.--> ~~{\| class="wikitable"~~ ~~! width="100px"\| Country~~ ~~! Organization~~ ~~! Model~~ ~~! Quantity~~ ~~! width="35px"\| Date~~ ~~! Reference~~ \|- ~~\| rowspan="2"\|{{Flagu\|Argentina}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Agrupación de Buzos Tácticos]]'' tactical diver group of the [[Argentine Navy]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="noro">{{cite web \|url=http://defdigital.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=282:como-se-hace-un-buzo-tactico&catid=44:defensa&Itemid=112 \|title=Cómo se hace un Buzo Táctico \|language=Spanish \|author=Noro, Lauro \|publisher=Def Digital Argentina \|accessdate=August 29, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.saorbats.com.ar/GaleriaSaorbats/Madryn04/index.htm \|title=La ARA de visita en Puerto Madryn \|language=Spanish \|author=Villada, Christian \|publisher=SAORBATS \|accessdate=August 29, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5yoKVb1rk \|archivedate=2011}}</ref><ref name="aresnro12">{{cite web \|url=http://www.aresworldefense.com/ares/pdf/12pdf.html \|title=ARES World Defence & Security Nro. 12 \|author=Villamil, Roberto; Taibo, Javier \|date=August 2009 \|language=Spanish \|publisher=''Ares Worldefense'' \|accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| Former ''Policia Aeronáutica Nacional'' (PAN; National Aeronautical Police)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.saorbats.com.ar/GaleriaSaorbats/FFAA03/Fuerzas%20Amadas%20Argentinas.html \|title=Fotos de las Fuerzas Armadas Argentinas \|language=Spanish \|author=Villada, Christian \|publisher=SAORBATS \|accessdate=August 29, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5yoKXNdw4 \|archivedate=2011}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="2"\|{{Flagu\|Austria}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Jagdkommando]]'' (Jakdo) special group of the [[Austrian Army]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90'', <br>''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 140~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="sunkler2008">{{cite book \|first=Sören \|last=Sünkler \|title=Elite und Spezialeinheiten Europas \|trans_title=Elite and Special Forces in Europe \|language=German \|publisher=Motorbuch Verlag \|___location=Stuttgart \|date=March 6, 2008 \|isbn=9783613028531}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Austrian Military Police\|Kommando Militärstreife & Militärpolizei]]'' (Kdo MilStrf&MP) close protection teams~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.heer.at/truppendienst/ausgaben/artikel.php?id=835 \|title=Militärstreife & Militärpolizei im ÖBH 2010 \|language=German \|author=Baumgartner, Franz \|year=2009 \|publisher=[[Austrian Armed Forces]] \|accessdate=October 13, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="9"\|{{Flagu\|Belgium}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Belgian Naval Component\|Composante Marine]]'' (Belgian Navy) commandos~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.lalibre.be/actu/international/article/441721/l-engagement-militaire-belge-a-desormais-un-volet-maritime.html \|title=L'Engagement Militaire Belge a Désormais un Volet Maritime \|author=Sueur, émilie \|date=August 28, 2008 \|language=French \|publisher=''[[La Libre Belgique]]'' \|accessdate=January 5, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Belgian Land Component\|Composante Terre]]'' (Belgian Army), replacing the [[Uzi]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2004–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="senatebe2004">{{cite web \|url=http://www.senate.be/www/?MIval=/publications/viewTBlok&DATUM='05/27/2004'&TYP=handeen&VOLGNR=2&LANG=fr \|date=May 27, 2004 \|title=Question Orale de Mme Isabelle Durant au Ministre de la Défense sur l'Appel d'Offres pour de Nouveaux Fusils pour la Défense Nationale (n<sup>o</sup> 3-328) \|language=French \|publisher=[[Belgian Senate]] \|accessdate=October 15, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''Détachement d'Agents de Sécurité'' (DAS) dignitary protection group~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 53~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="senatebe2004"/>~~ \|- ~~\| [[Federal Police Special Units\|Directorate of Special Units]] (DSU) group of the ''[[Federal Police (Belgium)\|Federale Politie/Police Fédérale/Föderale Polizei]]''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="dupont2001">{{cite web \|url=http://www.dhnet.be/infos/faits-divers/article/28920/cent-p90-l-arme-du-3e-millenaire-dans-la-nature.html \|title=Cent P90 (l'Arme du 3<sup>e</sup> Millénaire) Dans la Nature... \|language=French \|author=Dupont, Gilbert \|date=July 11, 2001 \|publisher=DH News \|accessdate=October 1, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| Former ''[[Gendarmerie (Belgium)\|Gendarmerie/Rijkswacht]]'' paramilitary police force~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 114~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.senate.be/www/?MIval=/Registers/ViewReg&COLL=H&PUID=33575170&TID=33607413&POS=1&LANG=nl \|date=May 30, 2000 \|title=Mondelinge Vraag van de heer Patrik Vankrunkelsven aan de Minister van Binnenlandse Zaken over de Verspreiding van de P90 en Andere Oorlogswapens (nr. 2-199) \|language=Dutch \|publisher=[[Belgian Senate]] \|accessdate=October 17, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Special Forces Group (Belgium)\|Special Forces Group]] (SFG; used in the 1991 [[Gulf War]])~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="diez2000"/>~~ \|- ~~\| [[Aarschot]] municipal police force~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleID=GDG97Q6P \|title=Politie Geeft Geheimen Prijs \|language=Dutch \|date=October 4, 2004 \|publisher=''[[Het Nieuwsblad]]'' \|accessdate=October 17, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Liège]] metropolitan police force (replaced the Uzi)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2002–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.liege.be/comcoll/2004/190204.htm \|title=Autorisation d'Utilisation du Pistolet-mitrailleur FN P90 \|language=French \|date=February 19, 2004 \|publisher=[[Liège\|City of Liège]] \|accessdate=September 29, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080115125147/http://www.liege.be/comcoll/2004/190204.htm \|archivedate=January 15, 2008}}</ref><ref name="liegecity2004">{{cite web \|url=http://www.liege.be/vie-communale/le-college-communal/conseil-communal-archives/college-communal-archives-2004/college-communal-20-10-04 \|title=Voyage d'étude aux Etats-Unis \|language=French \|date=October 20, 2004 \|publisher=[[Liège\|City of Liège]] \|accessdate=September 29, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''Zone de Police Boraine'' ([[Boussu]]/[[Colfontaine]]/[[Frameries]]/[[Quaregnon]]/[[Saint-Ghislain]] [[List of municipalities of the Walloon Region\|municipalities]]) police force~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.policeboraine.be/pages/presentation/zoneplus/tirlaser.htm \|title=Plus de la Zone: Tir Laser \|year=2007 \|language=French \|publisher=''Site de la Zone de Police Boraine'' \|accessdate=February 27, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Brazil}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais]]'' (BOPE) of the [[Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref>Lasterra, Juan Pablo (2008). "La Police Militaire Brésillienne en état de Guerre" (in Spanish). Police Pro No. 11 (September 2008).</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| rowspan="3"\|{{Flagu\|Canada}}~~ ~~\| [[Joint Task Force 2]] (JTF2) special group of the [[Canadian Forces\|CF]] [[Canadian Special Operations Forces Command\|Special Operations Forces Command]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2005–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.espritdecorps.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=114:dont-just-equip-jtf-2&catid=39:personnel&Itemid=82 \|title=Don't Just Equip JTF2 \|author=Taylor, Scott \|date=October 17, 2005 \|publisher=''[[Esprit de Corps (magazine)\|Esprit de Corps]]'' \|accessdate=August 26, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5yoKjS9n0 \|archivedate=May 20, 2011}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Halifax Regional Police]] force in [[Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.halifax.ca/fire/documents/vol_61.pdf \|title=Feedline: A Newsletter Dedicated to Members of Halifax Regional Fire & Emergency \|year=2009 \|publisher=[[Halifax Regional Municipality]] \|accessdate=April 14, 2010 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5rOgfpxlB \|archivedate=July 21, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Service de police de la Ville de Montréal]]'' (SPVM) SWAT in [[Montreal, Quebec]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.ofqj.org/docs-PDF/laureats-france/BertrandSelves.pdf \|title=La Police Québécoise D’Investigation \|author=Selves, Bertrand \|language=French \|publisher=''OFQJ: Office Franco-Québécois pour la Jeunesse'' \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nR0rk2kc \|archivedate=May 19, 2011 \|accessdate=September 16, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Chile}}~~ ~~\| ''Fuerzas Especiales'' (Special Forces)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.saorbats.com.ar/orbats/ORBAT-Chile-ECH-Equipamiento.htm \|title=Ejército de Chile – CANTIDADES \|language=Spanish \|publisher=SAORBATS \|accessdate=June 9, 2010 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5yoKkqM6P \|archivedate=2011}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Cyprus}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Cypriot National Guard\|Εθνική Φρουρά]]'' (Cypriot National Guard) special forces~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 350~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2000–~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="gourley2003"/>~~ \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Czech Republic}}~~ ~~\| ''Útvar Rychlého Nasazení'' (URNA) of the [[Police of the Czech Republic\|Czech National Police]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2000s–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.revistaarmas.com/4378/las-armas-de-la-urna-checa-i.html \|title=Las armas de la Urna Checa \|year=2010 \|author=Díez, Octavio \|language=Spanish \|publisher=''Revista Armas'' \|accessdate=March 22, 2011}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="3"\|{{Flagu\|Dominican Republic}}~~ ~~\| ''Cuerpo de Ayudantes Militares del Presidente de la República''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="dominicanoshoy">{{cite web \|url=http://dominicanoshoy.com/articulos/articulo/advierten-karin-se-escuda-en-vinculos-con-presidente-para-bellaquerias \|title=Advierten Karin se Escuda en Vínculos con Presidente \|date=December 4, 2008 \|language=Spanish \|publisher=''Dominicanos Hoy'' \|accessdate=October 15, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| Dominican Republic's counter-terrorist group~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 150~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2002–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="lalibrebelgique">Cf. Raf Sauviller, l.c. (2004). "Le Registre est un nid à Problèmes – Des P90 de la FN ont été Livrésau Surinam et en République Dominicaine: de quoi se Scandaliser?" (in French). La Libre Belgique (August 26, 2002).</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Military of the Dominican Republic\|Fuerzas Armadas de la República Dominicana]]'' (Military of the Dominican Republic)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="dominicanoshoy"/>~~ \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|El Salvador}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Comando Especial Anti-Terrorista\|Comando Especial Antiterrorista]]'' (CEAT)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 350~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2002–~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref>Montes, Julio (2003). "Unidades de élite en Centroamérica" (in Spanish). Tecnología Militar, 2003. N. 4, pp 16–20.</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| rowspan="6"\|{{Flagu\|France}}~~ ~~\| ''[[1er Régiment Parachutiste d'Infanterie de Marine]]'' (1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa) of the [[French Army]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="defgouvfr">{{cite web \|url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/terre/equipements/materiels-forces-speciales \|title=Terre: Matériels forces spéciales — P90 \|date=September 15, 2010 \|language=French \|publisher=[[Minister of Defence (France)\|French Ministry of Defence]] \|accessdate=March 18, 2011}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Commandement des Opérations Spéciales]]'' (COS) joint special operations command~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="diez2000"/>~~ \|- ~~\| [[GIGN]] counter-terrorism group of the ''[[French Gendarmerie\|Gendarmerie Nationale]]''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite book \|first=Eric \|last=Micheletti \|title=Le GIGN: Trente Ans d'Actions \|trans_title=The GIGN: Thirty Years of Actions \|language=French \|publisher=Histoire & Collections \|___location=Paris \|date=September 30, 2004 \|isbn=9782913903944}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Groupes d'Intervention de la Police Nationale\|GIPN]] counter-terrorism group of the ''[[Police Nationale]]''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="sanjar2003">{{cite web \|url=http://www.agentura.ru/dossier/france/police \|title=Полицейский спецназ — Подразделения RAID & GIPN (Police Commandos — RAID & GIPN Departments) \|author=Mokeev, Sanjar \|date=May 6, 2003 \|language=Russian \|publisher=''[[Agentura.Ru]]'' \|accessdate=October 21, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Recherche Assistance Intervention Dissuasion\|RAID]] counter-terrorism group of the ''[[Police Nationale]]''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="sanjar2003"/><ref>{{cite book \|first=Jean-Louis \|last=Fiamenghi \|title=Le RAID: Unité d'élite de la Police Nationale \|trans_title=RAID: The elite unit of the national police \|language=French \|publisher=Crépin-Leblond \|___location=Chaumont \|date=September 15, 2005 \|isbn=9782703002642}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Troupes de marine]]'' naval infantry regiment of the ''[[French Army\|Armée de Terre]]'' (French Army)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="defgouvfr"/>~~ \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Germany}}~~ \| ''[[Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)\|Bundeskriminalamt]]'' (BKA; Federal Criminal Police Office) ''Sicherungsgruppe'' (SG; tasked with protection of the [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)\|chancellor]] and other officials) ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/51461892 \|title=German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder arrives to meet with German soldiers \|author=Dunand, Emmanuel \|date=October 11, 2004 \|publisher=[[Agence France-Presse\|AFP]] / [[Getty Images]] \|accessdate=April 25, 2010}}</ref><!--NOTE: Other photographs from this set show badges identifying these bodyguards as BKA.--> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Greece}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Special Anti-Terrorist Unit (Greece)\|Ειδική Κατασταλτική Αντιτρομοκρατική Μονάδα]]'' (EKAM) unit of the [[Hellenic Police]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/Attachment11480_ENHMEROTIKO_EKAM_ENGL.pdf \|title=Greece Ministry of Public Order Press Office: Special Anti-Terrorist Unit \|date=July 2004 \|publisher=[[Hellenic Police]] \|accessdate=September 27, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5l7wscAut \|archivedate=2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Guatemala}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Secretariats of the Presidency of Guatemala\|Secretaría de Asuntos Administrativos de Seguridad de la Presidencia]]'' (SAAS)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 20~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2009–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="ricardo2009">{{cite web \|url=http://www.prensalibre.com/pl/2009/mayo/03/PDFs/nac.pdf \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5lKBWSMwe \|archivedate=May 3, 2009 \|title=Advierten Sobre Compra de Armas \|author=Quinto, Ricardo \|date=May 3, 2009 \|language=Spanish \|publisher=''[[Prensa Libre]]'' \|accessdate=October 1, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|India}}~~ ~~\| [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG; tasked with protection of the [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister]] and other officials)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90'', <br>''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2008–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/13607/INDIASCOPE/If+looks+could+kill.html \|title=If Looks Could Kill \|author=Unnithan, Sandeep \|date=August 22, 2008 \|publisher=''[[India Today]]'' \|accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="2"\|{{Flagu\|Indonesia}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Kopaska\|Komando Pasukan Katak]]'' (Kopaska) tactical diver group of the [[Indonesian Navy]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="idnvojnik">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/1612007/ind.asp \|title=Kopassus & Kopaska — Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije \|language=Croatian \|publisher=''[[Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske]]'' \|accessdate=September 24, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Kopassus\|Komando Pasukan Khusus]]'' (Kopassus) special forces group of the [[Indonesian Army]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="idnvojnik"/>~~ \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Ireland}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Irish Army Rangers\|Sciathán Fianóglach an Airm]]'' (Army Ranger Wing) of the [[Irish Defence Forces]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2003–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.tactical-life.com/special-weapons/ireland%E2%80%99s-army-rangers/ \|title=Ireland's Army Rangers \|author=Thompson, Leroy \|date=March 1, 2013 \|publisher=''Special Weapons For Military & Police'' \|accessdate=September 23, 2013}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Italy}}~~ ~~\| ''[[9th Parachute Assault Regiment\|Col Moschin 9<sup>o</sup> Reggimento d'Assalto Paracadutisti]]'' (9th Parachute Assault Regiment) special forces of the [[Italian Army]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="raidsitalia">"Col Moschin 9<sup>o</sup> Reggimento d'Assalto Paracadutisti". RAIDS Italia Magazine (ISSN: 1721-3460), 2007.</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Jordan}}~~ ~~\| [[Jordanian Armed Forces]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/publications/b_series_pdf/ammun/Am4.pdf \|title=Deadly Diversions: Illicit Transfers of Ammunition for Small Arms and Light Weapons \|author=Bourne, Mike; Berkol, Ilhan \|publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]] \|accessdate=February 9, 2010 \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5rOgnXa60 \|archivedate=July 21, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Lebanon}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Internal Security Forces\|Forces de Sécurité Intérieure]]'' (FSI)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://tank.nationalreview.com/post/?q=Y2JhNDllZDU3OTkzZWNmOTFlNWQwYzI3ZGNlYTM0M2Q \|title=Black-Masked Commandos Training By The Sea \|author=Thomas Smith Jr., W. \|date=October 10, 2007 \|publisher=[[National Review]] \|accessdate=September 18, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Libya\|1977}}<!--NOTE: The 1977 flag is used here because the weapons were sold to the Libyan government under Muammar Gaddafi. They were not sold to the current NTC.-->~~ \| [[Military of Libya]] (used by [[Muammar Gaddafi]]'s military forces in the [[2011 Libyan civil war]], and some of these examples were captured and used in the war by [[Anti-Gaddafi forces\|Libyan rebel forces]]) ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 367~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2008–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="deredactie"/><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.lalibre.be/actu/belgique/article/533534/fn-libye-demotte-justifie-l-autorisation-wallonne.html \|title=FN-Libye: Demotte Justifie l'Autorisation Wallonne \|date=October 5, 2009 \|language=French \|publisher=''[[La Libre Belgique]]'' \|accessdate=January 5, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Luxembourg}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Unité Spéciale de la Police]]'' (USP) group of the [[Grand Ducal Police]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="sunkler2008"/><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.usp.lu/media/raids.pdf \|title=L'Unite d'Intervention de la Police Luxembourgeoise \|date=March 2006 \|language=French \|publisher=''RAIDS'' magazine \|accessdate=September 23, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Malaysia}}~~ ~~\| ''[[PASKAL\|Pasukan Khas Laut]]'' (PASKAL) special operations group of the [[Royal Malaysian Navy]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.tactical-life.com/online/special-weapons/malaysian-special-forces \|title=Malaysian Special Forces \|author=Thompson, Leroy \|date=December 2008 \|publisher=''Special Weapons For Military & Police'' \|accessdate=August 23, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Mauritania}}~~ ~~\| BASEP presidential security battalion~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/B-Occasional-papers/SAS-OP24-Mauritania-EN.pdf \|title=Arms in and around Mauritania – National and Regional Security Implications \|author=Pézard, Stéphanie \|date=June 2010 \|publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]] \|accessdate=October 13, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Mauritius}}~~ ~~\| Various police forces~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/57062235 \|title=Mauritius police forces parade \|author=Soobye, Ali \|date=March 12, 2006 \|publisher=[[Agence France-Presse\|AFP]] / [[Getty Images]] \|accessdate=September 9, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="4"\|{{Flagu\|Mexico}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Mexican Army\|Ejército Méxicano]]'' (Mexican Army) [[Mexican Special Forces\|Special Forces]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="lajornada2005">{{cite web \|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2005/12/19/016n1pol.php \|title=Adquirió México Armas Cuestionadas por Defensores de los Derechos Humanos \|date=December 19, 2005 \|language=Spanish \|publisher=''[[La Jornada]]'' \|accessdate=August 29, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100325082622/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2005/12/19/016n1pol.php \|archivedate=March 25, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Estado Mayor Presidencial]]'' (EMP; Presidential Guard)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="lajornada2005"/>~~ \|- ~~\| ''[[Fuerzas Especiales]]'' (FES) of the [[Mexican Navy]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="lajornada2005"/>~~ \|- ~~\| ''[[Federal Police (Mexico)\|Policía Federal]]'' (PF; Federal Police) of the ''[[Secretariat of Public Security\|Secretaría de Seguridad Pública]]''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="ricardo2009"/>~~ \|- ~~\| rowspan="3"\|{{Flagu\|Netherlands}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Korps Commandotroepen]]'' (KCT) of the [[Royal Netherlands Army]] (replaced the [[Uzi]])~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2000–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="gourley2003"/><ref name="ddp1">{{cite web \|url=http://www.dutchdefencepress.com/?p=1385 \|title=The present Dutch Special Forces "Korps Commandotroepen" \|publisher=Dutch Defence Press \|date=October 5, 2002 \|accessdate=June 11, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Bijzondere Bijstands Eenheid\|Unit Interventie Mariniers]]'' (UIM) of the [[Netherlands Marine Corps]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2001–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="ddp2">{{cite web \|url=http://www.dutchdefencepress.com/?p=1350 \|title=Royal Netherlands Marine Corps, Dutch Core Expeditionary Force \|date=January 4, 2001 \|publisher=Dutch Defence Press \|accessdate=June 11, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Brigade Speciale Beveiligingsopdrachten]]'' (BSB) of the [[Koninklijke Marechaussee\|Dutch Gendarmerie]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.dutchdefencepress.com/?p=8730 \|title=Training exercise BSB (Brigade Speciale Beveiligingsopdrachten) \|date=August 16, 2012 \|publisher=Dutch Defence Press \|accessdate=January 6, 2014}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Nigeria}}~~ ~~\| [[National Intelligence Agency (Nigeria)\|National Intelligence Agency]] (NIA), [[State Security Service (Nigeria)\|State Security Service]] (SSS)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 100~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2011–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.budgetoffice.gov.ng/2011_budget/proposal_2011/change/36.%20Summary_Intelligence_v2.pdf \|title=2011 Budget Summary – Intelligence Community \|publisher=[[Ministry of Finance (Nigeria)\|Nigerian Federal Ministry of Finance]] \|year=2011 \|accessdate=November 21, 2011}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="2"\|{{Flagu\|Pakistan}}~~ ~~\| [[Special Services Group]] (SSG)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| {{Citation needed\|date=August 2013}}~~ \|- ~~\| ''[[Pakistan Army]]''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \| title =Pakistan Army \| url = http://www.defence.pk/pakistan-army/}}</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Papua New Guinea}}~~ ~~\| [[Papua New Guinea Defence Force]] (PNGDF)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/publications/spe_reports_pdf/2005-sr5-papuanewguinea.pdf \|title=Gun-Running in Papua New Guinea \|author=Alpers, Philip \|publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]] \|year=2005 \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5l7wsqDLK \|archivedate=January 22, 2011 \|accessdate=October 23, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="3"\|{{Flagu\|Peru}}~~ ~~\| ''Grupo de Fuerzas Especiales'' (GRUFE) of the [[Peruvian Armed Forces]] (used in the rescue of hostages in the 1997 [[Japanese embassy hostage crisis]] known as [[Operation Chavín de Huantar]])~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="specialops"/><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.defensa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=912:asi-fue-sitdef-2009&catid=113:asi-fue-sitdef-2009&Itemid=288 \|title=Así fue SITDEF 2009 \|author=Taibo, Javier \|language=Spanish \|publisher=Defensa \|accessdate=February 9, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''Fuerza de Operaciones Especiales'' (FOES) of the [[Peruvian Navy]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 53~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="dintel2007">{{cite web \|url=http://www.dintel-gid.com.ar/galerias/desfileperu2007.html \|title=Desfile Militar día Nacional del Perú. 27 de Julio de 2007 \|language=Spanish \|date=July 27, 2007 \|publisher=Dintel GID \|accessdate=October 1, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yoL7BIIC \|archivedate=May 19, 2011}}</ref><ref name="idepe">{{cite web \|url=http://www.idepe.org/Oban4.doc \|title=Mapping South American Small Arms Stockpiles and Surpluses: The Case of Peru \|author=Obando, Enrique \|publisher=''Perú Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Estratégicos'' \|accessdate=October 15, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''Paracaidistas del Ejército'' ([[Peruvian Army]] paratroopers)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="perudefensa">{{cite web \|url=http://www.perudefensa.com/?p=149 \|title=Los Paracaidistas del Ejército \|author=Mejía, Lewis \|date=May 19, 2009 \|language=Spanish \|publisher=Peru Defensa \|accessdate=September 2, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Philippines}}~~ ~~\| [[Special Action Force]] (SAF) of the [[Philippine National Police]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="lewis2007"/>~~ \|- ~~\| rowspan="2"\|{{Flagu\|Poland}}~~ ~~\| ''[[GROM\|Jednostka Wojskowa Grom]]''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2006–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.altair.com.pl/cz-art-1660 \|title=Nowe gromy GROM \|author=Wilk, Remigiusz \|language=Polish \|publisher=''Raport—wojsko, technika, obronnosc'' \|date=April 2008 \|accessdate=August 28, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Government Protection Bureau\|Biuro Ochrony Rządu]]'' (used primarily for dignitary protection)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2007–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="polandun">{{cite web \|url=http://disarmament.un.org/UN_REGISTER.nsf/5cb8afbbb6536a298525647d00612b14/f828bbeb1ff68e068525749d007ef3ba?OpenDocument \|title=United Nations Register of Conventional Arms: Poland Small Arms Imports and Exports \|date=May 30, 2008 \|publisher=[[United Nations]] \|accessdate=December 26, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5rOgpOaWZ \|archivedate=July 21, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Portugal}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Grupo de Operações Especiais (Portugal)\|Grupo de Operações Especiais]]'' (GOE) of the ''[[Polícia de Segurança Pública]]''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2002–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.correiomanha.pt/noticia.aspx?contentid=00008577-3333-3333-3333-000000008577&channelid=00000010-0000-0000-0000-000000000010 \|title=A Arma Revolucionaria \|date=September 10, 2002 \|author=Varela, Carlos \|language=Portuguese \|publisher=''[[Correio da Manhã]]'' \|accessdate=September 29, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Romania}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Detaşamentul de Intervenţie Rapidă]]'' special operations group of the [[Military of Romania\|Romanian Military]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.presamil.ro/OM/2004/20/pag%2014.htm \|title=Menirea Interventiei Rapide \|language=Romanian \|publisher=''Presa Militara Romana'' \|accessdate=September 29, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Saudi Arabia}}~~ ~~\| [[Special Emergency Force]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 500~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 1992–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="marchington2004"/><ref name="janes1992">"Small Arms Market Survey: Giat France/FN Herstal Belgium" (January 25, 1992). Jane's Defence Weekly (ISSN: 02653818), Volume 17 Issue 4, p 127.</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Singapore}}~~ ~~\| [[Singapore Armed Forces Commando Formation]] (CDO FN)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 500~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2002–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/STI/STIMEDIA/pdf/20090715/artnorthstar2.pdf \|title=When Terror Strikes \|date=July 15, 2009 \|author=Zengkun, Feng \|publisher=''[[The Straits Times]]'' \|accessdate=August 29, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5l7wtAlXo \|archivedate=November 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.dsta.gov.sg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2487&Itemid=401 \|title=New SAF Systems to be Unveiled \|author=Boey, David \|date=September 9, 2002 \|publisher=Defence Science & Technology Agency \|accessdate=August 29, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/singapore_singaporean_army_land_ground_forces_uk/singapore_singaporean_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_armored_vehicle_uk.html \|title=Singapore Land Forces military equipment and vehicles \|year=2010 \|publisher=Army Recognition \|accessdate=November 7, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="2"\|{{Flagu\|Spain}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Grupo Especial de Operaciones]]'' (GEO) of the ''[[Cuerpo Nacional de Policía (Spain)\|Cuerpo Nacional de Policía]]''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.policia.es/org_central/dao/geo/material.html \|title=Web Del Grupo Especial De Operaciones (GEO) \|language=Spanish \|publisher=''[[Cuerpo Nacional de Policía (Spain)\|Cuerpo Nacional de Policía]]'' \|accessdate=June 26, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yoLSVCLE \|archivedate=May 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.lawebdelgeo.es/especial-30-aniversario-geo.pdf \|title=Grupo Especial de Operaciones 30 Aniversario \|date=April 2008 \|publisher=''La Web Del GEO'' \|accessdate=October 13, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Spanish special operations\|Escuadrón de Zapadores Paracaidistas]]'' (EZAPAC) special group of the ''[[Spanish Air Force\|Ejército del Aire]]'' (Spanish Air Force)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90'', <br>''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.revistaarmas.com/6159/comandos-del-ejercito-del-aire-las-armas-del-ezapac-i.html \|title=Comandos del Ejército del Aire. Las armas del EZAPAC \|author=Díez, Octavio \|language=Spanish \|date=July 22, 2011 \|publisher=''Revista Armas'' \|accessdate=August 29, 2011}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Suriname}}~~ ~~\| [[Military of Suriname]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 900~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2001–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="lalibrebelgique"/><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://docs.vlaamsparlement.be/docs/stukken/2002-2003/g1815-3.pdf \|title=Vlaams Parlement Stuk 1815 (2002–2003) – Nr. 3 \|date=May 6, 2004 \|publisher=[[Vlaams Parlement]] \|accessdate=April 24, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Taiwan}}~~ ~~\| [[Republic of China Armed Forces]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 1992–~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="janes1992"/><ref>"Taiwan Faces G11 Snub" (December 1, 1992). Defence UK, Volume 23 Issue 12, p 6.</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Thailand}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Royal Thai Army\|กองทัพบกไทย]]'' (Royal Thai Army) special units~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="popenker2001">{{cite web \|url=http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg13-e.htm \|title=FN P90 Personal Defense Weapon/Submachine Gun \|author=Popenker, Maxim \|date=October 31, 2001 \|publisher=Modern Firearms \|accessdate=October 17, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20011031182837/http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg13-e.htm \|archivedate=October 31, 2001}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Trinidad and Tobago}}~~ ~~\| [[Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/trinidad_tobago_army_land_ground_defense_forces_uk/trinidad_tobago_army_land_ground_armed_defense_forces_military_equipment_armored_vehicle_uk.html \|title=Trinidad & Tobago Land Forces military equipment, armament and vehicles \|publisher=Army Recognition magazine \|accessdate=June 10, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="3"\|{{Flagu\|Turkey}}~~ ~~\| ''[[Karşı Atak Timi]]'', prime minister's close protection teams.~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="vatan2007">{{cite web \|url=http://haber.gazetevatan.com/Haber/109996/1/Gundem \|title=Erdoğan Zırh Delen Silahlarla Korunuyor \|date=February 23, 2007 \|language=Turkish \|publisher=''[[Vatan]]'' \|accessdate=September 28, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Polis Özel Harekat]]'' special operations group of the [[General Directorate of Security]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="vatan2007"/><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalHaberDetay&ArticleID=943931&Date=07.07.2009&CategoryID=97 \|title=Hayata Dönüs ilk kez Gün Isigina çikti \|date=July 7, 2009 \|language=Turkish \|publisher=''[[Radikal]]'' \|accessdate=August 29, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Jandarma Özel Asayiş Komutanlığı]]'' domestic special operations group of the [[Turkish Gendarmerie]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\|<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.istanbulhaber.com.tr/haber/formula-pistini-ozel-tim-koruyacak-6213.htm \|title=Formula Pistini özel tim Koruyacak \|date=June 3, 2009 \|language=Turkish \|publisher=Istanbul Haber \|accessdate=September 23, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| {{Flagu\|Ukraine}}~~ ~~\| Ukrainian police force (unspecified)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 LV''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 30~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2008–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="listun">{{cite web \|url=http://disarmament.un.org/Library.nsf/aeca18509aa92c5c852575610076cc98/6a3ed5f0b94de9ca85257624004bc4c9/$FILE/A-64-135.pdf \|title=United Nations Register of Conventional Arms: Small Arms Imports and Exports \|date=July 14, 2009 \|publisher=[[United Nations]] \|accessdate=December 26, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nR0rrPoE \|archivedate=February 10, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="18"\|{{Flagu\|United States}}~~ \| [[United States Federal Protective Service\|U.S. Federal Protective Service]] branch of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security\|DHS]] (formerly a branch of [[Immigration & Customs Enforcement\|ICE]]) ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2001–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="terry2004"/><ref name="liegecity2004"/><ref name="fbo2005">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fbo.gov/index?print_preview=1&s=opportunity&mode=form&id=62c8eeddbdcda0cf5644995690744cf4&tab=core&tabmode=list \|title=Immigration & Customs Enforcement — Ammunition Solicitation Number \|date=September 10, 2005 \|publisher=Federal Business Opportunities \|accessdate=September 30, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="jones2009"/>~~ \|- ~~\| [[U.S. Secret Service]]~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 1990s–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="time2009">{{cite web \|url=http://www.time.com/time/politics/whitehouse/photos/0,27424,1933558,00.html \|title=White House Photo Blog: Armed and Dangerous \|date=October 30, 2009 \|publisher=[[Time (magazine)\|Time magazine]] \|accessdate=November 24, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Addison, TX\|Addison]] police department in Texas (first agency in the country to issue it to [[patrol car]]s)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''PS90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 52~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2007–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="collier2007">{{cite web \|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/city/northdallas/stories/DN-ndfocus_14met.ART.West.Edition1.373fa87.html \|title=Addison Police Pack Powerful, Futuristic Rifle \|date=December 16, 2007 \|author=Collier, Alicia M. \|publisher=''[[The Dallas Morning News]]'' \|accessdate=October 12, 2009}} {{dead link\|date=January 2011}}</ref><ref name="miller2007">{{cite web \|url=http://startelegram.typepad.com/crime_time/2007/11/cops-get-futuri.html \|title=Addison Cops Get Futuristic Firepower to Match Bad Guys \|date=November 19, 2007 \|author=Miller, Bill \|publisher=''[[Star-Telegram]]'' \|accessdate=October 12, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.addisontx.gov/repository/unmanaged_content/reports/City%20Council/Council%20Agendas/2007/6-26-07%20Regular%20Council%20Meeting%20Agenda.pdf \|title=Town of Addison: City Council \|date=June 26, 2007 \|publisher=[[Addison, Texas\|City of Addison, Texas]] \|accessdate=April 14, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Alaska State Troopers]] in Alaska~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 LV''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 9~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gov.state.ak.us/omb/03_OMB/budget/PublicSafety/proj32261.pdf \|title=Alaska Office of Management & Budget — Trooper Law Enforcement Equipment \|year=2003 \|publisher=[[State of Alaska]] \|accessdate=September 27, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5l7wtQ0cb \|archivedate=2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Birmingham Police Department (Alabama)\|Birmingham Police Department]] SWAT in Alabama~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://blog.al.com/spotnews/2008/11/man_holding_woman_at_gunpoint.html \|title=Standoff Continues Outside Apartment \|author=Robinson, Carol \|date=November 14, 2008 \|publisher=''Alabama Local'' \|accessdate=September 1, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://blog.al.com/spotnews/2008/07/mayor_larry_langford_escorted.html \|title=Update: As he Predicted, Langford's Secret's out \|author=Bryant, Joseph D \|date=July 23, 2008 \|publisher=''Alabama Local'' \|accessdate=September 1, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Bryan, TX\|Bryan]] police department SWAT in Texas~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bryantx.gov/fetch.html?name=GenOrd0106.pdf \|title=Bryan Police Department Operations Manual \|year=2003 \|publisher=[[Bryan, Texas\|City of Bryan, Texas]] \|accessdate=September 26, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Chula Vista Police Department]] SWAT in California~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90 TR''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.tactical-life.com/exclusives/golden-state-five-o/ \|title=Golden State Five-O \|date=August 6, 2012 \|author=Jensen, Brian \|publisher=Tactical Life \|accessdate=September 28, 2013}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Creve Coeur, Missouri\|Creve Coeur]] police department in Missouri~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.creve-coeur.org/archives/36/February%202008.pdf \|title=Creve Coeur Newsletter 2008 \|year=2008 \|publisher=[[Creve Coeur, Missouri\|City of Creve Coeur, Missouri]] \|accessdate=February 27, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Edina, Minnesota\|Edina]] police department in Minnesota~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 11~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2005–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.cityofedina.com/CityCouncil/CityCouncil_MeetingMinutes/20050405Reg.htm \|title=Minutes of the Regular Meeting of the Edina City Council Held at City Hall \|date=April 5, 2005 \|publisher=[[Edina, Minnesota\|City of Edina, Minnesota]] \|accessdate=April 14, 2010 \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yoLrDMhq \|archivedate=May 19, 2011}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Houston Police Department]] SWAT in Texas (first local law enforcement agency in the country to adopt and use the weapon)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| ''P90''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 5~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 1999–~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="wall2003"/>~~ \|- ~~\| [[Kutztown, Pennsylvania\|Kutztown]] police department in Pennsylvania~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.albright.edu/localgov/bccpc/pdf/police_contract_study_final.pdf \|title=Berks County Pennsylvania Policing Study \|date=July 2009 \|publisher=[[County of Berks, Pennsylvania]] \|accessdate=February 14, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Olathe, Kansas\|Olathe]] police department ERT in Kansas~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 23~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2001–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hkpro.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=123:midwest-2001-swatsmg-championships-results&catid=4:special-topics&Itemid=5 \|title=Midwest 2001 SWAT/SMG Championships Results \|year=2001 \|publisher=HKPRO \|accessdate=August 29, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Passaic County, New Jersey\|Passaic County]] sheriff's department SWAT in New Jersey~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2002–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="humphries2008">{{cite web \|url=http://www.tactical-life.com/online/tactical-weapons/radical-tactical-firepower \|title=Radical Tactical Firepower \|author=Humphries, Michael O. \|date=May 2008 \|publisher=''Tactical Weapons'' \|accessdate=August 12, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Richland County Sheriff's Department]] SRT in South Carolina~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| 2000–~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rcsd.net/gen/rcsd_history.pdf \|title=The History of Richland County Sheriff's Department \|publisher=[[Richland County Sheriff's Department]] \|accessdate=October 27, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Sioux Falls Police Department (South Dakota)\|Sioux Falls Police Department]] SWAT in South Dakota~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.sdjudicial.com/sc/scopiniondetail.aspx?ID=989 \|title=State v. Chavez 2002 SD 84 – Opinion Filed On Wednesday July 17, 2002 \|date=July 17, 2002 \|publisher=South Dakota Unified Judicial System \|accessdate=August 31, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://webcitation.org/5yoLtkNvk \|archivedate=May 20, 2011}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Sparta Township, New Jersey\|Sparta]] Police Department in New Jersey~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://strausnews.com/articles/2010/06/03/sparta_independent/news/5.txt \|title=On the Range \|date=June 2, 2010 \|publisher=''The Sparta Independent'' \|accessdate=June 3, 2010}}</ref> \|- ~~\| [[Zapata County, Texas\|Zapata County]] sheriff's department in Texas~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.krgv.com/content/news/investigations/story/NEWSCHANNEL-5-Special-Report-Showdown-in-Zapata/uFKNGwZ1UEmcZkYly-XLVg.cspx \|title=Showdown in Zapata County \|author=Sandoval, Polo \|publisher=[[KRGV-TV]] \|accessdate=October 27, 2009 \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yoLupo0v \|archivedate=May 19, 2011}}</ref> \|- ~~\| rowspan="6"\|{{Flagu\|Venezuela}}~~ ~~\| Bodyguards assigned to the ''Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Exteriores''~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/2007/07/08/imp_sucgc_art_bandas-se-dedican-al_350409.shtml \|title=Bandas se Dedican al Alquiler de Armas \|author=Davila Truelo, Laura \|date=July 8, 2007 \|language=Spanish \|publisher=''[[El Universal (Caracas)\|El Universal Caracas]]'' \|accessdate=October 27, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| COPEMI unit of the ''[[Bolivarian Armada of Venezuela\|Armada Bolivariana de Venezuela]]'' (Venezuelan Navy)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="aviamil2003">{{cite web \|url=http://www.fav-club.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=237:fuerzas-de-operaciones-especiales-de-venezuela&catid=19:ejercitos-y-sistemas-terrestres&Itemid=22 \|title=Fuerzas de Operaciones Especiales Venezuela \|author=Lopez, Delso \|year=2003 \|language=Spanish \|publisher=Aviamil \|accessdate=August 29, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| CSAR unit of the ''[[Venezuelan Air Force\|Aviación Militar Venezolana]]'' (Venezuelan Air Force)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="aviamil2003"/>~~ \|- ~~\| ''[[Venezuelan Army\|Ejército Libertador de Venezuela]]'' (Venezuelan Army)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref name="aviamil2003"/><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/2007/11/27/614490.if \|title=Investigan a 19 Funcionarios Porque se Presume Complicidad Interna \|author=Nunez, Sailu Urribarri \|date=November 27, 2007 \|language=Spanish \|publisher=''[[El Universal (Caracas)\|El Universal Caracas]]'' \|accessdate=October 13, 2009}}</ref> \|- ~~\| ''[[Venezuelan National Guard\|Guardia Nacional de Venezuela]]'' (Venezuelan National Guard)~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| <ref name="aviamil2003"/>~~ \|- ~~\| Various [[Law enforcement in Venezuela\|police]] forces~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ ~~\| align="center"\| —~~ \| align="center"\| <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://internacional.eluniversal.com/2008/09/28/sucgc_art_los-plateados-resurg_1062413.shtml \|title=Los Plateados Resurgen de la Sangre \|author=Rodríguez, Gustavo \|date=September 28, 2008 \|language=Spanish \|publisher=''[[El Universal (Caracas)\|El Universal Caracas]]'' \|accessdate=October 13, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.segured.com/index.php?od=2&article=446 \|title=Una revisión del "stopping power" a la luz de la guerra en Irak \|language=Spanish \|author=Jiménez, Walter Santana \|publisher=Segured \|accessdate=June 9, 2010 \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071011233947/http://www.segured.com/index.php?od=2&article=446 \|archivedate=2007}}</ref> \|- \|} ~~<!--PLEASE READ note at top of section. Only cited entries in this section.-->~~ ~~== See also ==~~ * [[AR-57]] * [[Heckler & Koch MP7]] * [[Knight's Armament Company PDW]] * [[Magpul PDR]] * [[ST Kinetics CPW]] * [[VBR-Belgium PDW]] ~~== References ==~~ ~~{{Reflist\|colwidth=30em}}~~ ~~== External links ==~~ ~~{{commons\|FN P90}}~~ ~~{{commons\|FN PS90}}~~ ~~{{wikiquote}}~~ * {{Official website\|1=http://www.fnherstal.com/index.php?id=268&backPID=262&productID=63&pid_product=294&pidList=262&categorySelector=4&detail=}} * {{Official website\|1=http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/law-enforcement/tactical/p90-series}} — FNH USA * [http://www.fnhusa.com/index.php/download_file/view/882 PS90 Owner's Manual] * [http://www.fnhblog.com FNH Firearms Blog] * {{YouTube\|iyJEEISVTd4\|Official P90 promotional video}} * {{YouTube\|-IhG1o1bz_I\|PS90 disassembly video}} * {{YouTube\|-4dSixwE-so\|American Rifleman FN 5.7×28mm weapons video}} ~~{{Bullpup firearms}}~~ ~~{{FN Herstal firearms}}~~ ~~{{Personal defense weapons}}~~ ~~[[Category:1990 introductions]]~~ ~~[[Category:5.7x28mm firearms]]~~ ~~[[Category:Belgian inventions]]~~ ~~[[Category:Bullpup personal defense weapons]]~~ ~~[[Category:FN Herstal firearms\|P90]]~~ ~~[[Category:Police weapons]]~~ ~~[[Category:Submachine guns]]~~