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{{Short description|Encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians}}

[[Image:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.jpg|thumb|right|''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians,'' 2001]]

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}

{{Infobox book

| name = The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

| image = New Grove, shallow.JPG

| image_size = 200px

| alt = Second edition of the New Grove, shelved

| title_orig = A Dictionary of Music and Musicians

| author = Multiple

| country = United Kingdom, United States

| language = English

| subject = [[Music]], [[musicology]], [[music history]], [[music theory]], [[ethnomusicology]]

| genre = [[Reference work|Reference]]; [[encyclopedic dictionary]]

| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]

| website = {{URL|http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/}}

| pub_date = 1878–present

| media_type = hardback, paperback, and online|wikisource=A Dictionary of Music and Musicians

}}

'''''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians''''' is an [[encyclopedia|encyclopedic]] [[dictionary]] of music and musicians,. consideredAlong bywith mostthe scholarsGerman-language to''[[Die beMusik thein bestGeschichte generalund referenceGegenwart]]'', sourceit onis one of the subjectlargest inreference theworks Englishon language.the [[History Alongof withmusic|history]] and [[MGGMusic theory|theory of music]],. itEarlier iseditions were published under the largesttitles Western'''''A musicDictionary referenceof work.Music and InitiallyMusicians''''', and '''''Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians'''''; the work has releasedgone through several editions since the vision19th century and toilis ofwidely [[Georgeused. Grove]],In itrecent wasyears broughtit tohas abeen newmade heightavailable byas an [[StanleyWeb Sadieresource|electronic resource]] andcalled is'''''Grove theMusic leadingOnline''''', musicwhich referenceis sourcenow inan Englishimportant forpart bothof encyclopedic'''''Oxford informationMusic and bibliographiesOnline'''''.

== ''A Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' ==

== Editions ==

''A Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' was first published in London by [[Macmillan and Co.]]<ref name="history" /> in four volumes (1879, 1880, 1883, 1889) edited by [[George Grove]] with an Appendix edited by [[John Alexander Fuller Maitland|J. A. Fuller Maitland]] in the fourth volume. An Index edited by Mrs. E. Wodehouse was issued as a separate volume in 1890. In 1900, minor corrections were made to the plates and the entire series was reissued in four volumes, with the index added to volume 4. The original edition and the reprint are now freely available online.{{NoteTag|1= The volumes of the first edition were published as follows:<br />

Vol. 1 (1879) A – Impromptu<br />

Vol. 2 (1880) Improperia – Plain Song<br />

Vol. 3 (1883) Planché – Sumer is icumen in<br />

Vol. 4 (1889) Sumer is icumen in – Z, Appendix, Supplement<br />

Index (1890)<br />

• Text-searchable copies are available at <br />[[Google Books]]: vols. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5Dw9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=wt-2AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1 2], [https://books.google.com/books?id=WlAoAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 3], [https://books.google.com/books?id=2FAoAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 4], [https://books.google.com/books?id=G90TAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 Index].<br />

• Additional copies (non-searchable PDF image files) are also available for download at [http://imslp.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians_(Grove,_George)#IMSLP96322 IMSLP].}}{{NoteTag|The 1900 reprint is available in text-searchable format at [[:s:DMM|Wikisource]]: vols.[[:s:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Vol 1|1]], [[:s:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Vol 2|2]], [[:s:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Vol 3|3]], [[:s:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Vol 4|4]]. (Vol. 4 includes the Appendix, [[:s:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Index Part 1|Index]], and a [[:s:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Catalogue of the Articles by Writer|catalogue of articles listed by author]].)}} Grove limited the chronological span of his work to begin at 1450 while continuing up to his time.

=== ''Grove's Dictionary =of Music and Musicians'' ==

The second edition (''Grove II''), in five volumes, was edited by Fuller Maitland and published from 1904 to 1910, this time as ''Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians''. The individual volumes of the second edition were reprinted many times. An ''American Supplement'' edited by Waldo Selden Pratt and Charles N. Boyd was published in 1920 in [[Philadelphia]] by [[Theodore Presser]].<ref name="history" /> This edition removed the first edition's beginning date of 1450,<ref>Grove II, vol. 1, p. vii.</ref> though important earlier composers and theorists are still missing from this edition. These volumes are also now freely available online.{{NoteTag|1= The volumes of the second edition were published as follows: <br />

Vol. 1 (1904) A–E ({{OCLC|250954613}})<br />

Vol. 2 (1906) F–L ({{OCLC|250954626}})<br />

Vol. 3 (1907) M–P ({{OCLC|250953930}})<br />

Vol. 4 (1908) Q–S ({{OCLC|252807560}})<br />

Vol. 5 (1910) T–Z, Appendix ({{OCLC|252807569}})<br />

• Text-searchable copies are available at:<br />

{{Space|4}}• [[Internet Archive]]: vols. [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924021782838#page/n7/mode/2up 1], [https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar02maigoog#page/n9/mode/2up 2], [https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar00unkngoog#page/n5/mode/2up 3], [https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar00maigoog#page/n5/mode/2up 4], [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924021782879#page/n11/mode/2up 5]<br />

{{Space|4}}• [[Google Books]]: vols. [https://books.google.com/books?id=0Fr0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=6eS2AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR3 2], [https://books.google.com/books?id=VWf0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 3], [https://books.google.com/books?id=8gE9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 4], [https://books.google.com/books?id=3Qw6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR3 5].<br />

• Copies (non-searchable PDF image files) are also available for download at [http://imslp.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians_(Grove,_George)#IMSLP93356 IMSLP].}}{{NoteTag|1= For the ''American Supplement'' published in 1920, see {{OCLC|1077116}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=kPVLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 searchable copy] at [[Google Books]], and [[IMSLP]] file [http://imslp.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians_(Grove,_George)#IMSLP93522 #93522].}}

ItThe wasthird first published in 1878 asedition (''AGrove Dictionary of Music and MusiciansIII''), in four volumes edited by Sir [[George Grove]] with an appendix and index. The second edition,also in five volumes, was editedan byextensive [[J.revision A.of Fullerthe Maitland]] and published between 1904 and 1910. The third2nd edition,; also in five volumes,it was edited by [[H. C. Colles]] and published in 1927.<ref>{{cite Thebook fourth|editor1-last=Blom edition,|editor1-first=Eric also|title=Grove's editedDictionary byof Colles,Music wasand publishedMusicians in|date=1970 five|publisher=Macmillan volumes|___location=New plusYork a|isbn=9780333191804 supplement|page=iv in|edition=5th 1940.(reprint)}}</ref> The fifth3rd edition, inwas ninereprinted volumes,several wastimes. editedAn by''American [[EricSupplement'' Blom]] andwas published in 1954the U.S. Ain supplementary1927, volumeand followedalso inlater reprinted 1961separately.

An extra-large ''Supplementary Volume'' also edited by Colles was published in 1940 and called the fourth edition (''Grove IV'').<ref name="history" />{{NoteTag|For the 4th edition ''Supplementary Volume'' published in New York, see {{OCLC|248932279}}. For the 4th edition ''Supplementary Volume'' published in London, see {{OCLC|493270221}}.}} A reprint of the 3rd edition with some corrections, was released at the same time. The five-volume 3rd edition, with the ''Supplementary Volume'' as volume 6, and the ''American Supplement'' of the 3rd edition as volume 7, were reprinted together as a set in 1945.{{NoteTag|For the reprinted ''American Supplement'' published in New York, see {{OCLC|74811413}}.}}

=== The New Grove, 1st ed. ===

The fifth edition (''Grove V''), in nine volumes, was edited by [[Eric Blom]] and published in 1954. This was the most thoroughgoing revision of the work since its inception, with many articles rewritten in a more modern style and a large number of entirely new articles. Many of the articles were written by Blom personally, or translated by him. An additional ''Supplementary Volume'' prepared by Eric Blom and completed by [[Denis Stevens]] after Blom's death in 1959, was issued in 1961. The fifth edition was reprinted in 1966, 1968, 1970, 1973, and 1975,<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Blom |editor1-first=Eric |title=Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians |date=1975 |publisher=Macmillan |___location=London |isbn=9780333191743 |edition=5th (reprint)}}</ref> each time with numerous corrections, updates, and other small changes.<ref name="history" />

When the next edition appeared in 1980, it was under the new name ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', and was greatly expanded to twenty volumes with 22,500 articles and 16,500 biographies.<ref>Scott Kennedy, ''Reference Sources for Small and Medium-sized Libraries'' (1999) p. 216.</ref> It was edited by [[Stanley Sadie]].

== ''The New Grove'' ==

It was reprinted with minor corrections each subsequent year until 1995, except 1982 and 1983. In the mid-90s, the set version sold for about $2300. A paperback edition was reprinted in 1995 which sold for $500. At that point, editors likely decided to concentrate on the 2nd edition rather than continue to correct the mistakes of the original 1980 edition.

=== First edition ===

* ISBN 0-333-23111-2 - hardback

The next edition was published in 1980 under the name ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' and was greatly expanded to 20 volumes with 22,500 articles and 16,500 biographies.<ref>Scott Kennedy, ''Reference Sources for Small and Medium-sized Libraries'' (1999) p. 216.</ref> Its senior editor was [[Stanley Sadie]] with [[Nigel Fortune]] also serving as one of the main editors for the publication.

* ISBN 1-56159-174-2 - paperback

* ISBN 0-333-73250-2 - British special edition

* ISBN 1-56159-229-3 - American special edition

It was reprinted with minor corrections each subsequent year until 1995, except 1982 and 1983. In the mid-1990s, the hardback set sold for about $2,300. A paperback edition was reprinted in 1995 which sold for $500.

=== The New Grove, 2nd ed. ===

* {{ISBN|0-333-23111-2}} – hardback

* {{ISBN|1-56159-174-2}} – paperback

* {{ISBN|0-333-73250-2}} – British special edition

* {{ISBN|1-56159-229-3}} – American special edition

===Spin-offs===

The second edition under this title (the seventh overall) was published in [[2001]], in twenty-nine volumes. It was also made available by subscription on the Internet in a service called Grove Music Online<ref>[http://www.grovemusic.com/ Grove Music Online] - online version of the 2001 edition</ref>. It was again edited by [[Stanley Sadie]], and the executive editor was [[John Tyrrell]]. It was originally to be released on CD-ROM as well, but this plan was dropped. As Sadie writes in the preface, "The biggest single expansion in the present edition has been in the coverage of 20th-century composers".

Some sections of ''The New Grove'' were also issued as small sets and individual books on particular topics. These typically were enhanced with expanded and updated material and included individual and grouped composer biographies,<ref name=oestreich20010121/> a four-volume dictionary of [[Music of the United States|American music]] (1984; revised 2013, 8 vols.),<ref>''The New Grove Dictionary of American Music'', 4 volumes, 1984. {{ISBN|978-0-333-37879-3}}; 2013 (8 volumes): {{ISBN|9780195314281}} .</ref> a three-volume dictionary of musical instruments (1984),<ref>''The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments'', 1984. {{ISBN|978-0-333-37878-6}}.</ref> a [[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera|four-volume dictionary of opera]] (1992),<ref>''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera'', 1992. {{ISBN|978-0-333-48552-1}}</ref> and a volume on women composers (1994).<ref>''The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers'', 1994. {{ISBN|0-333-51598-6}}</ref>

=== Second edition ===

This edition has been the subject of some criticism (e.g. in ''[[Private Eye]]'') due to a significant number of typographical and factual errors that it contains. It has been reported that these were due in part to students having been used to check it, although in fact no students were ever employed as editorial staff. Two volumes were re-issued in corrected versions after publication, however, after production errors had caused the omission of sections of [[Igor Stravinsky]]'s works list and [[Richard Wagner]]'s bibliography.

In 2001, the 2nd edition under this title (the 7th overall) was published, in 29 volumes. It was also made available by subscription on the Internet in a service called Grove Music Online.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grovemusic.com/ |title=Grove Music Online |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/ |archivedate=2008-05-16 }} (online version of the 2001 edition)</ref> It was again edited by [[Stanley Sadie]], and the executive editor was [[John Tyrrell (musicologist)|John Tyrrell]]. It was originally going to also be released on [[CD-ROM]], but this plan was dropped. As Sadie writes in the preface: "The biggest single expansion in the present edition has been in the coverage of 20th-century composers."{{fact|date=August 2025}}

This edition was subjected to some criticism owing to the significant number of typographical and factual errors that it contained,<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Lorenz |authorlink=Michael Lorenz (musicologist) |url=http://michaelorenz.blogspot.co.at/2013/04/franz-schubert-in-new-grove-dictionary.html |title=Franz Schubert |work=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians |date=2013 |___location=Vienna }}</ref> but it also received some positive reviews.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McMorrow |first1=Kathleen |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Second Edition |journal=CAML Review |date=2001-11-01 |volume=29 |issue=3 |doi=10.25071/1708-6701.2951 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Two volumes were re-issued in corrected versions after production errors originally caused the omission of sections of [[Igor Stravinsky]]'s worklist and [[Richard Wagner]]'s bibliography.{{fact|date=August 2025}}

* ISBN 0-333-60800-3 - British

* ISBN 1-56159-239-0 - American (cloth: alk.paper)

* {{ISBN|0-333-60800-3}} – British

=== Grove Music Online ===

* {{ISBN|1-56159-239-0}} – American (cloth: alk.paper)

Publication of the 2nd edition of ''The New Grove'' was accompanied by a Web-based version, ''Grove Music Online''. It also attracted some initial criticism, such as for the way in which images were not incorporated into the text but kept separate.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}}

Since its publication, the online edition of the New Grove has been continually maintained under the editorship of [[Laura Macy]]. Regular updates are made to the content of the encyclopedia, including a large number of revisions and additions of new articles. As well as the 29 volumes of the New Grove 2nd edition, Grove Music Online incorporates the 4-volume [[New Grove Dictionary of Opera]] (ed. [[Stanley Sadie]], 1992) and the 2-volume [[New Grove Dictionary of Jazz]], 2nd edition (ed. [[Barry Kernfeld]], 2002), comprising a total of more than 50,000 articles.

== ''Grove Music Online'' and ''Oxford Music Online'' ==

== Status ==

The complete text of ''The New Grove'' is available to subscribers to the online service ''Grove Music Online''.<ref>{{cite web|title = About Grove Music Online|url = http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/book/omo_gmo}}</ref>

''Grove Music Online'' includes a large number of revisions and additions of new articles. In addition to the 29 volumes of ''The New Grove'' second edition, ''Grove Music Online'' incorporates the four-volume ''[[New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'' (ed. [[Stanley Sadie]], 1992) and the three-volume ''New Grove Dictionary of Jazz'', second edition (ed. [[Barry Kernfeld]], 2002), ''The Grove Dictionary of American Music'' and ''The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments'',<ref>[http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/ Oxford Music Online], retrieved 8 May 2015 {{subscription required}}</ref> comprising a total of more than 50,000 articles. The current editor-in-chief of Grove Music, the name given to the complete slate of print and online resources that encompass the Grove brand, is [[University of Pittsburgh]] professor Deane Root. He assumed the editorship in 2009.<ref>[http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/page/eic_pressrelease_09 "Deane Root to be Editor in Chief of Grove Music Program at OUP"] (press release), Oxford University Press.</ref>

The New Grove, if available, is generally the first source that musicologists use when beginning research or seeking information on most topics. Its scope and extensive bibliographies make it exceedingly valuable to any scholar with a grasp of the English language.

The dictionary, originally published by [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]], was sold in 2004 to [[Oxford University Press]]. Since 2001<ref>{{cite web |title=About Grove Music Online |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/about-gmo |website=Oxford Music Online |access-date=30 October 2024}}</ref> ''Grove Music Online'' has served as a cornerstone of Oxford University Press's larger online research tool ''Oxford Music Online'', which remains a subscription-based service.<ref>{{cite web|title = About Oxford Music Online|url = http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/about}}</ref> As well as being available to individual and educational subscribers, it is available for use at many public and university libraries worldwide, through institutional subscriptions.<ref>Oxford Music Online: [http://www.worldcat.org/search?qt=worldcat_org_all&q=oxford+music+online listing] at [[WorldCat]].</ref>

The dictionary was published by [[Macmillan Publishers]] but was sold in 2004 to [[Oxford University Press]]. Its principal competitor is the [[Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart]] ("MGG"), currently ten volumes on musical subjects and seventeen on biographies of musicians, written in German.

''Grove Music Online'' identifies itself as the eighth edition of the overall work.<ref name=history>Deane L. Root, 1 July 2012, [https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/History-of-Grove-Music History of Grove Music] — at oxfordmusiconline.com</ref>

In accordance with its status, the New Grove is expensive to obtain a copy of; the print edition costs over $2000, while an annual subscription to Grove Music Online is $300<ref>[https://ams.oup.com/user/newacct.cgi?title=grovemusic Subscribe to Grove Music Online]</ref>.

The companion four-volume series, [[New Grove Dictionary of Opera]], is the main reference work in English on the subject of opera.

== Contents ==

The 2001 edition contains:

* 29,499 articles in total

** 5,623 entirely new articles

* 20,374 biographies of [[Composer|composers]], [[Performing arts|performers]] and [[Songwriter|writers on music]]

** 96 articles on [[Theatre director|theatre directors]]

* 1,465 articles on styles, [[Glossary of music terminology|terms]] and [[Music genre|genres]]

** 283 articles on concepts

* 805 articles on regions, countries and cities

** 580 articles on [[ancient music]] and [[church music]]

** 1,327 articles on [[World music|world musics]]

** 1,221 articles on [[popular music]], [[light music]], and [[jazz]]

* 2,261 articles on instruments and their [[Musical instrument|makers]], and [[Historically informed performance|performance practice]]

** 89 articles on [[acoustics]]

* 693 articles on printing and publishing

** 174 articles on notation

** 131 articles on sources

==Hoaxes See alsoand parodies==

Two non-existent composers have appeared in the work:

* Citing Grove:

** [[Template:GroveOnline]] - Grove Music Online

** [[Template:NewGrove2001]] - New Grove, 2nd ed., 2001

** [[Template:NewGrove1980]] - New Grove, 1st ed., 1980

'''Dag Henrik Esrum-Hellerup''' was the subject of a hoax entry in the 1980 ''New Grove''. Esrum-Hellerup's surname derives from a Danish village and a suburb of Copenhagen.<ref>[http://www.esrum-hellerup.dk/Hjemmeside/navnet.htm Foreign-language webpage showing the original dictionary entry]{{Unreliable source?|date=October 2009}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122632/http://www.esrum-hellerup.dk/Hjemmeside/navnet.htm |date=19 July 2011 }}</ref> The writer of the entry was [[Robert Layton (musicologist)|Robert Layton]]. Though successfully introduced into the encyclopaedia, Esrum-Hellerup appeared in the first printing only: soon exposed as a hoax, the entry was removed and the space filled with an illustration.<ref name=oestreich20010121>{{cite news |first=James R. |last=Oestreich |date=21 January 2001 |title=Words on Music, 25 Million of Them |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/21/books/words-on-music-25-million-of-them.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=23 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Brian |last1=Levison |first2=Frances |last2=Farrer |chapter=How the Danes Discovered a New Composer |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjsulsePxWUC&pg=PA40 |title=Classical Music's Strangest Concerts: Extraordinary But True Stories From Over Five Centuries of Harmony and Discord |publisher=Robson Books |___location=London |year=2007 |pages=40–43 |isbn=978-1-86105-938-3}}</ref> In 1983, the Danish organist Henry Palsmar founded an amateur choir, the Esrum-Hellerup Choir, along with several former pupils of the Song School, St. Annae Gymnasium in Copenhagen.<ref>[http://www.esrum-hellerup.dk/Hjemmeside/Koret.htm Foreign-language webpage for the Choir] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825101429/http://www.esrum-hellerup.dk/Hjemmeside/Koret.htm |date=25 August 2013 }}</ref>

== External links ==

<references />

'''Guglielmo Baldini''' was the name of a non-existent composer who was the subject of a hoax entry in the 1980 edition. Unlike Esrum-Hellerup, Baldini was not a modern creation: his name and biography were in fact created almost a century earlier by the German musicologist [[Hugo Riemann]]. The ''New Grove'' entry on Baldini was supported by a fictional reference in the form of an article supposedly in the ''Archiv für Freiburger Diözesan Geschichte''. Though successfully introduced into the encyclopaedia, Baldini appeared in the first printing only: soon exposed as a hoax, the entry was removed.<ref name=oestreich20010121/>

[[Category:Musicology]]

[[Category:Music books]]

[[Category:1878 books]]

[[Category:Dictionaries]]

[[Category:Encyclopedias]]

Seven [[parody]] entries, written by contributors to the 1980 edition, and full of musical puns and dictionary [[in-joke]]s, were published in the February 1981 issue of ''[[The Musical Times]]'' (which was also edited by Stanley Sadie at the time).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Granato |first1=Riccardo |last2=Horing |first2=Hardov |last3=Ringaid |first3=E. E. |last4=Errat |first4=W. A. T. |last5=Kidunot |first5=I. |last6=Rover |first6=A. G. |last7=Bourneville |first7=Jean De |last8=Lindt |first8=Helmut |last9=Gallese |first9=R. Coniglia |title=The New Grove |journal=The Musical Times |date=February 1981 |volume=122 |issue=1656 |pages=89 |doi=10.2307/960856 |jstor=960856 |display-authors=2}}</ref> These entries never appeared in the dictionary itself and are:

[[de:Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]

* '''[[Knees Up Mother Brown|Brown, "Mother" (Mary)]]''' (''b.'' 1550; ''d.'' Wapping, 3 January 1611)

[[es:Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]

* '''Ear-flute'''

* '''[[Pied Piper of Hamelin|Hameln]]''' [Hamelin]

* '''[[Genghis Khan|Khan't, Genghis]] ([[Tamurlane|Tamburlaine]])''' (''b.'' Ulan Bator, c. 1880; ''d.'' New York, 22 November 1980)

* '''Stainglit (Nevers), Sait d'Ail''' (''[[Floruit|fl]]'' Middle Ages) &ndash; i.e. "Stanley Sadie", following the [[Mots d'Heures|example]] of [[Luis van Rooten]]

* '''[[Toblerone]]'''

* '''[[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]], [[Lasagne]]''' ['Il Bolognese'] (''b.'' Bologna, 10 October 1813; ''d.'' Naples, 15 March 1867)

== Notes ==

{{NoteFoot}}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Wikisource|A Dictionary of Music and Musicians|''A Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1900)''}}

* [http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/ Grove Music Online] – Official home page

* [http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/page/HistoryofGroveMusic History of Grove Music]

* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227080616/http://www.sfsymphony.org/templates/basic.asp?nodeid=43&callid=34 |date=27 February 2008 |title=About the New Grove Dictionary }}, [[San Francisco Symphony Orchestra]]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120206223939/http://www.gregsandow.com/grove.htm "Grove sees trees but not forest"], [[Greg Sandow]] and [[Anne Midgette]], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', 3 July 2001

* [[Benjamin Ivry]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20081009094204/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1252/is_5_128/ai_75445612 "You could look it up: ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians''" (Review)], ''[[Commonweal (magazine)|Commonweal]]'', 9 March 2001 (archived at the [[Wayback Machine]])

* Allen P. Britton, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3052162 Review: ''The New Grove Dictionary of American Music''], ''American Music'', Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer 1987), pp.&nbsp;194–203, at [[JSTOR]]

* {{cite journal |doi=10.1525/jams.2003.56.3.748 |jstor=3128793 |journal=Journal of the American Musicological Society |date=Fall 2003 |volume=56 |issue=3 |first1=Linda B. |last1=Fairtile |pages=748–754 |title=Reviewed work(s): ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music Online'' by Laura Macy}}

* Phillip D. Crabtree, Donald H. Foster, 1993, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5iL24k5vFMEC&pg=PA1 ''Sourcebook for Research in Music''], Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993, {{ISBN|0-253-21323-1}}.

* Bruce Duffie, [http://www.bruceduffie.com/sadie.html Interview with Stanley Sadie], 29 October 1992.

* {{IMSLP2|work=Dictionary of Music and Musicians (Grove, George) |cname=''Dictionary of Music and Musicians''}} (1904 edition, 1920 supplement)

* [[George Grove|Grove, George]], ed.; ''A Dictionary of Music and Musicians 1450–1889 (1900)'', 4 Volumes. ''[[Internet Archive]]''.

'''First edition'''

* [https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi01grovuoft#page/n3/mode/2up Volume 1]

* [https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi02grovuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 2]

* [https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi03grovuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 3]

* [https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi04grovuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 4]

'''Second edition'''

* [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924021782838#page/n7/mode/2up Vol. 1 (1904): A–E]

* [https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar02maigoog#page/n9/mode/2up Vol. 2 (1906): F–L]

* [https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar00unkngoog#page/n5/mode/2up Vol. 3 (1907): M–P]

* [https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar00maigoog#page/n5/mode/2up Vol. 4 (1908): Q–S]

* [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924021782879#page/n11/mode/2up Vol. 5 (1910): T–Z, Appendix]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, The}}

[[Category:1878 books]]

[[Category:Encyclopedias of music]]

[[Category:Macmillan Publishers books]]

[[Category:Oxford University Press books]]

[[Category:Reference works in the public ___domain]]

[[Category:Dictionaries by subject]]

[[Category:21st-century encyclopedias]]

[[Category:20th-century encyclopedias]]

[[Category:19th-century encyclopedias]]