System partition and boot partition: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Computing terms for disk partitions}}

{{Redirect-distinguish|System partition|EFI Systemsystem partition}}

{{Redirect-distinguish|Boot partition|BIOS boot partition}}

{{Redirect|SYSTEM.DRV}}

The '''Systemsystem partition''' and the '''boot partition''' are(also known as the [['''system volume''' and the '''boot volume''') are computing]] terms for the [[disk partition]]s of a [[hard disk drive]] within aor [[Personalsolid-state Computer|PCdrive]], that must exist and be properly configured for somea [[Operatingcomputer System]]to (OS)operate. toThere functionare correctly.two Andifferent accepted definitiondefinitions for these terms refers to: the [[firmware]]common disk partition on a PC's disk drive, that holds the '''Boot Loader's''' ___locationdefinition and grants selection access to the available operating systems on the PC to be used and managed. Typically, This firmware disk partition is intended to hold a single Operating System's '''boot code''' and controls the PC's system with it, and is necessary for certain [[proprietary software|proprietaryMicrosoft]] or personalized computer system. Some system partitions and boot partitions are ''hidden'', or assigned without a drive letterdefinition.

==Common definition==

==Personalized Operation==

In the context of personalizedevery operating systemssystem, except those developed by [[Microsoft]], the system partition and the boot partition canare actdefined as followfollows:

* The ''boot partition'' is a [[primary partition]] that contains the [[boot loader]], a piece of software responsible for [[booting]] the OS[[operating system]]. For example, in the standard [[Linux]] directory layout ([[Filesystem Hierarchy Standard]]), boot files (such as the [[Linux kernel|kernel]], [[initrd]], and boot loader [[GRUB]]) are mounted at <code>/boot/</code>.<ref>{{cite book|last=Petersen|first=Richard|title=Ubuntu The Complete Reference|year=2009|publisher=McGraw-Hill|___location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-164368-09|page=473|chapter=Chapter 21: Basic System Administration}}</ref> Despite Microsoft's radically different definition (see below), System Information, a utility app included in [[Windows NT]] family of operating systems, refers to it as "boot device".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Andrews |first1=Jean |first2=James |last2=Chellis |title=A+ Guide to Software |date=13 August 2012 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=9781285414980 |page=21 |edition=6th}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Donald |first=Lisa |title=MCSA / MCSE: Windows Server 2003 Environment Management and Maintenance Study Guide: Exam 70-290 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9780470327616 |pages=116–117 |edition=2nd |date=2008}}</ref>

*The ''disk partition'' might be a manual input decision in the hands of the user or it might be automated by a [[Linux distribution|distro]].

* The ''system partition'' is the disk partition that contains the operating system folder, known as the ''system root''. By default, in Linux, operating system files are mounted at <code>/</code> (the [[root directory]]).

*The ''boot partition'' is a [[primary partition]] that contains the [[boot loader]], a piece of software responsible for booting the OS. For example, in the standard [[Linux]] directory layout ([[Filesystem Hierarchy Standard]]), boot files (such as the [[Linux kernel|kernel]], [[initrd]], and boot loader [[GRUB]]) are mounted at <code>/boot/</code>.<ref>{{cite book|last=Petersen|first=Richard|title=Ubuntu The Complete Reference|year=2009|publisher=McGraw-Hill|___location=New York|isbn=0-07-164368-0|page=473|chapter=Chapter 21: Basic System Administration}}</ref>

*The ''system partition'' is the disk partition that contains the operating system folder, known as ''system root''. By default, in Linux, operating system files are mounted at <code>/</code> (the [[root directory]]).

In Linux systems, a system partition and bootsingle partition can be heldboth withina anboot operating system's main hard disk space, without requiringand a separatesystem disk entity;partition if both <code>/boot/</code> and the root directory are in the same partition. Or they can also occupy a single disk partition of their own, separately from each other.

==Microsoft definition==

==Proprietary Operation==

Since [[Windows NT 3.1]] (the first version of Windows NT),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/100525|title=Definition of System and Boot Partition|date=20 February 2007|website=Support|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313090403/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/100525|archive-date=13 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Microsoft has defined the terms as follows:

In the context of a computer with a proprietary operating system, such as Microsoft's [[Windows 7]] and beyond, it can be understood as following:

* The ''system partition'' (or system volume)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/314470/definitions-for-system-volume-and-boot-volume|title=Definitions for system volume and boot volume|date=29 October 2009|website=Support|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913184351/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/314470/definitions-for-system-volume-and-boot-volume|archive-date=2017-09-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a primary partition that contains the boot loader, a piece of software responsible for booting the operating system.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=Microsoft Encyclopedia of Networking|last2=Tulloch|first2=Ingrid|publisher=[[Microsoft Press]]|year=2002|isbn=0-7356-1378-8|edition=2nd|___location=Redmond, WA|first1=Mitch|last1=Tulloch}}</ref>{{Rp|1087}} This partition holds the [[boot sector]] and is marked active.<ref name=winternals5>{{cite book|last1=Russinovich|first1=Mark E|last2=Ionescu|first2=Alex|last3=Solomon|first3=David A|title=Windows Internals|year=2008|publisher=Microsoft Press|___location=Redmond, WA|isbn=978-0-7356-2530-3|edition=5th}}</ref>{{rp|970}}

*The ''disk partition'' is generally created automatically during factory configuration (not to confuse with [[Windows 8]] computers' required firmware attachment of [[EFI]] or UEFI in lieu of a [[BIOS]]).

* The ''boot partition'' (or boot volume)<ref name=":1" /> is the disk partition that contains the operating system folder, known as the ''system root'' or <code>%systemroot%</code> in [[Windows NT]].<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|174}}

*The ''system partition'' is a partition that contains boot loaders, software responsible for booting one or more OS'.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Mitch|last1=Tulloch|first2=Ingrid|last2=Tulloch|title=Microsoft Encyclopedia of Networking|year=2002|publisher=[[Microsoft Press]]|___location=Redmond, WA|isbn=0-7356-1378-8|page=1087|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref name=winternals5>{{cite book|last1=Russinovich|first1=Mark E|last2=Ionescu|first2=Alex|last3=Solomon|first3=David A|title=Windows Internals|year=2008|publisher=Microsoft Press|___location=Redmond, WA|isbn=0-7356-2530-1|page=970-1|edition=5th}}</ref>

*The ''boot partitions'' are the disk partition that contains the operating system folder, known as ''system root'' or <code>%systemroot%</code> in [[Windows NT]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Mitch|last1=Tulloch|first2=Ingrid|last2=Tulloch|title=Microsoft Encyclopedia of Networking|year=2002|publisher=[[Microsoft Press]]|___location=Redmond, WA|isbn=0-7356-1378-8|page=174|edition=2nd}}</ref>

A single partition may be both a system and a boot partition. In case they are separate, however, the boot partition does not contain the boot software and the system partition does not have the system root.<ref name=winternals5 />

Before [[Windows 7]], the system and boot partitions were, by default, the same and were given the identifier "C:" [[Drive letter assignment|drive letter]].<ref name=winternals5 />{{rp|971}} AfterSince Windows 7, however, [[Windows Setup]] creates, by default, a separate system partition that is not given an identifier and therefore is hidden. The boot partition is still given "C:" as its identifier. This configuration is suitable for running [[BitLocker]], which requires a separate, unencrypted system partition for booting. As of [[bootingWindows 11]], this nomenclature is still used by the "Disk Management" utility.

==Additional Information==

Some system and boot partition like '''system_DRV''' has no ''drive letters'' assigned and is required by Windows, therefore, cannot be removed. On some brands of computers, such as [[Lenovo]], it is possible that such system partitions and boot partitions also allow and contain critical user files used in recovery attempts and retrieve; however, these recovery partitions can be removed under certain conditions to gain extra hard drive space. Under this circumstance, creating backups and/or reallocating the partitioned space is common place.

==See also==

* [[BIOSNTLDR]]

*[[Windows NT startup process]]

* [[Windows Vista startup process]]

* [[Windows NT startup process]]

*[[BIOS]]

* [[Windows Vista startup process]]

*[[UEFI]]

* [[Windows 7To Go]]

*[[Windows To Go]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}{{Firmware and booting}}

==External links==

*[http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100525 Definition of System and Boot Partition (NT)]

*[http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314470 Definition of System Partition and Boot Partition (XP)]

*[https://support.lenovo.com/au/en/documents/ht077144 Understanding hard drive partitions on Lenovo systems with Microsoft Windows 7 and Windows 8 - ThinkCentre, ThinkStation, ThinkPad]

[[Category:Hard Disk Drive]]

[[Category:Disk Partition]]

[[Category:Windows Administration]]

[[Category:Booting]]

[[Category:ProprietaryDisk Softwarepartitions]]

[[Category:Windows Administrationadministration]]