Move assignment operator: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Operator used in C++}}

In the [[C++|C++ programming language]], the move assignment operator (=), is used for moving an already instantiated object or resource to another ___location. The move operator, like most of the other C++ operators, can be [[Operator overloading|overloaded]]. It is one the of the [[special member functions]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Special member functions|url = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special_member_functions&oldid=662581955|journal = Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia|language = en}}</ref>

In the [[C++|C++ programming language]], the '''move assignment operator''' <code>=</code> is used for transferring a temporary object to an existing object. The move assignment operator, like most C++ operators, can be [[Operator overloading|overloaded]]. Like the [[copy assignment operator]] it is a [[special member functions|special member function]].

If the move assignment operator is not explicitly defined, then the [[compiler]] will generategenerates an implicit move assignment operator ([[C++11]] and newer) provided that [[Copy constructor (C++)|copy]]/[[move constructor]]s, [[Assignment operator (C++)|copy assignment operator]] or [[Destructor (computer programming)|destructors]] have not been declared.<ref name=":0" /> The parametersparameter of a move assignment operator areis an [[rvalue reference]] ({{Mono|T&&}}) to type ''T'', where ''T'' is the typeobject that defines the move assignment operator is called on, or any overloaded type. The move assignment operator is different than a [[move constructor]] because a move assignment operator is called on an existing object, aswhile a move constructor would beis called on an object being created. Oneby mustthe somehowoperation. also signifyThereafter, the other object's data is notno longer valid anymore, and has been moved.

__FORCETOC__

== Overloading move assignment operator ==

To overload the move assignment operator, the signature of the function must be as follows:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Move assignment operator - cppreference.com|url = http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/move_assignment|website = en.cppreference.com|access-date = 2016-02-23}}</ref><syntaxhighlight lang="c++">

T& operator=(T&& data)

</syntaxhighlight>To successfully overload the move assignment operator, the following conditions must be met:

* Check if the object calling the operator is not calling the operator on itself.

* The current object's data is de-allocated.

* The object that is being moved from must have its data marked as [[nullptr]] (or something to signify the move)

* The operator returnsmust return a reference to "{{Mono|*this}}".

Consider the following move assignment operator for a simple string class:<ref>{{Cite web|title = Move Constructors and Move Assignment Operators (C++)|url = https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd293665.aspx|website = msdn.microsoft.com|access-date = 2016-02-23}}</ref><syntaxhighlight lang="c++">

An implementation of the move assignment operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">

class ResourceString {

public:

String& operator=(String&& otherStringother) noexcept {

public:

// If we're not trying to move the object into itself...

Resource&if operator(this !=(Resource && other) {

delete[] this->data_; // Free this string's original data.

if (this->data_ != &other) { .data_; // IfCopy the objectother isnstring'ts beingdata calledpointer oninto this itselfstring.

other.data_ = delete this->datanullptr; // DeleteFinally, reset the objectother string's data pointer.

this->data = other.data; // "Move" other's data into the current object

other.data = nullptr; // Mark the other object as "empty"

}

return *this; // return *this

}

return *this;

}

private:

void* data;

char* textdata_;

};

</syntaxhighlight>A more practical example:<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">

class String {

==References==

public:

<references />

{{C++ programming language}}

String& operator=(String&& otherString) {

if (this != &otherString) {

delete text;

this->text = otherString.text;

otherString.text = nulllptr;

}

return *this;

}

[[Category:C++]]

char* text;

[[Category:Operators (programming)]]

[[Category:Assignment operations]]

{{compu-prog-stub}}

};

</syntaxhighlight>

==References==

<references />