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{{Short description|County in Ireland}}
{{redirect|Kerryman|the newspaper|The Kerryman{{!}}''The Kerryman''}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name
| native_name = {{lang|ga|Contae Chiarraí}}
| settlement_type
| native_name_lang = ga
| image_shield = County Kerry Coat of Arms.png
| shield_size = 110px
| image_flag
| nickname = The Kingdom
| motto = {{lang|ga|Comhar, Cabhair, Cairdeas}}{{spaces|2}}([[Irish language|Irish]])<br />{{gloss|Co-operation, Help, Friendship}}
| image_map = {{#property:p242}}
| map_caption = Location in Ireland
| coordinates = {{coord|52|10|N|9|45|W|dim:500000_region:IE|display=inline,title}}
| area_total_km2 = 4807
| area_rank = [[List of Irish counties by area|5th]]
| seat_type = [[County town]]
| seat = [[Tralee]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Munster]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of Ireland|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Southern Region, Ireland|Southern]]
| leader_title = [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|Local authority]]
| leader_name = [[Kerry County Council]]
| leader_title1 = [[Dáil Éireann]]
| leader_name1 = [[Kerry (Dáil constituency)|Kerry]]
| leader_title2 = [[European Parliament constituencies in the Republic of Ireland|European Parliament]]
| leader_name2 = [[South (European Parliament constituency)|South]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Vehicle registration plates of Ireland|Vehicle index mark code]]
| blank_info_sec1 = {{#property:p395}}
| population_total = 156,458
| population_rank = [[List of Irish counties by population|15th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of = [[2022 census of Ireland|2022]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="cso2022">{{Cite web |date=23 June 2022 |title=Census of Population 2022 – Preliminary Results |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpr/censusofpopulation2022-preliminaryresults/geographicchanges/ |access-date=26 May 2023 |publisher=[[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)]]}}</ref>
| website = {{official website}}
| timezone = [[Western European Time|WET]]
| utc_offset = ±0
| timezone_DST = [[Irish Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +1
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{circa|1300}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerry – Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837) |url=https://www.libraryireland.com/topog/K/Kerry.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621230749/https://www.libraryireland.com/topog/K/Kerry.php |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |website=www.libraryireland.com}}</ref>
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland|Telephone area codes]]
| area_code = 064, 066, 068 (primarily)
| postal_code_type = [[Eircode]] routing keys
| postal_code = V23, V31, V92, V93 (primarily)
| elevation_max_m = 1039
| elevation_max_point = [[Carrauntoohil]]
| official_name =
| module = {{infobox mapframe|zoom=7}}
| iso_code = IE-KY
}}
'''County Kerry''' ({{langx|ga|Contae Chiarraí}}) is a [[Counties of Ireland|county]] on the southwest coast of [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], within the [[Provinces of Ireland|province]] of [[Munster]] and the [[Southern Region, Ireland|Southern Region]]. It is bordered by two other counties; [[County Limerick|Limerick]] to the east, and [[County Cork|Cork]] to the south and east. It is separated from [[County Clare|Clare]] to the north by the [[Shannon Estuary]]. With an area of {{convert|4807|km2|sqmi}} and a population of 156,458 as of 2022, it is the [[List of Irish counties by area|5th largest]] of Ireland's 32 counties by land area, and the [[List of Irish counties by population|15th most populous]]. The governing [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|local authority]] is [[Kerry County Council]].
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Kerry is Ireland's most westerly county. Its [[List of Irish counties by coastline|rugged coastline]] stretches for {{convert|886|km|mi|abbr=off}} and is characterised by bays, sea cliffs, beaches and many small offshore islands, of which the [[Blaskets]] and the [[Skelligs]] are the most notable.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=22 April 1999 |title=The Relative Lengths of Seashore Substrata Around the Coastline of Ireland as Determined by Digital Methods in a Geographical Information System |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272771499905073 |access-date=13 July 2021 |publisher=Environmental Sciences Unit, Trinity College, Dublin|doi=10.1006/ecss.1999.0507 |last1=Neilson |first1=Brigitte |last2=Costello |first2=Mark J. |journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=501–508 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The county's peninsulas have a hilly to mountainous topography, with the [[MacGillycuddy's Reeks]] on [[Iveragh Peninsula|Iveragh]] rising to over {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}}. By contrast, its interior regions are mostly flat, interspersed with low mountain ranges such as the [[Stack's Mountains|Stacks]] and the [[Mullaghareirk Mountains|Mullaghareirks]]. The climate of Kerry is dominated by the [[North Atlantic Current]] and is usually mild and humid, with abundant precipitation. This allows for the growth of a wide variety of temperate and sub-tropical plants not typically found at such northerly latitudes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2020 |title=Europe's smallest and rarest fern turns up in the west of Ireland – from the tropical cloud-forest? |url=https://bsbi.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/Tropical-fern-discovered-in-Ireland-FINAL.pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland}}</ref>
The county is named after the [[Cíarraige]] people, who were the region's dominant pre-historic sept. County Kerry first appeared as a separate shire in 1232, and was at that time part of a royal grant given to the [[Earl of Desmond|Earls of Desmond]]. The present-day county was divided for centuries between the Gaelic [[Kingdom of Desmond]], ruled by the [[MacCarthy Mor dynasty|Mac Cárthaigh dynasty]], and the [[Normans in Ireland|Anglo-Norman]] Earldom of Desmond, ruled by the [[FitzGerald dynasty|Geraldines]]. These two regions were merged in 1606 in the aftermath of the [[Nine Years' War (Ireland)|Nine Years' War]].<ref name="Falkiner192-3">{{harv|Falkiner|1903|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingsroya29acadgoog/page/192/mode/2up?view=theater 192-3]}}</ref>
Kerry has two official [[Gaeltacht]] regions, {{lang|ga|Gaeltacht Uíbh Ráthaigh}} on the Iveragh Peninsula and {{lang|ga|[[Gaeltacht Corca Dhuibhne]]}} on the [[Dingle Peninsula]], the latter of which is the only Gaeltacht in Munster where [[Irish language|Irish]] is the daily spoken language of the majority of the population. In the county as a whole, 40.2 percent of residents were able to speak Irish {{as of|2022|lc=y|post=.}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile 8 - The Irish Language and Education F8015 - Irish speakers aged 3 years and over |url=https://data.cso.ie/table/F8015 |access-date=29 January 2024 |website=census.cso.ie |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The regional dialect is [[Munster Irish]], exemplified by the influential works of Blasket Islanders such as [[Peig Sayers]], [[Muiris Ó Súilleabháin]] and [[Tomás Ó Criomhthain]].
==Geography and subdivisions==
Kerry is the fifth largest of Ireland's 32 traditional counties [[List of Irish counties by area|by area]] and the fifteenth largest [[List of Irish counties by population|by population]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Corry |first=Eoghan |title=The GAA Book of Lists |publisher=Hodder Headline Ireland |year=2005 |pages=186–191}}</ref> It is the second largest of Munster's six counties by area, and the fourth largest by population. Uniquely, it is bordered by only two other counties: [[County Limerick]] to the east and [[County Cork]] to the south-east. The [[county town]] is [[Tralee]] although the Catholic diocesan seat is [[Killarney]], which is one of Ireland's most famous tourist destinations. The [[Lakes of Killarney]], an area of outstanding natural beauty, are located in [[Killarney National Park]]. The [[Reeks District]] is home to [[Carrauntoohil]], Ireland's highest mountain at 1,039{{nbsp}}m. The tip of the [[Dingle Peninsula]] is the westernmost point of Ireland.
===Baronies===
There are nine historic [[Barony (Ireland)|baronies]] in the county. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed under "Administrative units".
[[File:Dingle North West (stevefe) 2.jpg|380px|thumbnail|The Three Sisters, West Kerry.]]
* [[Barony of Clanmaurice|Clanmaurice]] – ''{{lang|ga|Clann Mhuiris}}''
* [[Dingle Peninsula|Corkaguiny]] – ''{{lang|ga|Corca Dhuibhne}}''
* [[Dunkerron North]] – ''{{lang|ga|Dún Ciaráin Thuaidh}}''
* [[Dunkerron South]] – ''{{lang|ga|Dún Ciaráin Theas}}''
* [[Glanarought]] – ''{{lang|ga|Gleann na Ruachtaí}}''
* [[Iraghticonnor]] – ''{{lang|ga|Oireacht Uí Chonchúir}}''
* [[Iveragh|Iveragh (Peninsula)]] – ''{{lang|ga|Uíbh Ráthach}}''
* [[Magunihy]] – ''{{lang|ga|Maigh gCoinchinn}}''
* [[Trughanacmy]] – ''{{lang|ga|Triúcha an Aicme}}''
===Most populous towns===
{{See also|List of towns and villages in County Kerry}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Rank
!Town
!Population<br />(2022 census)
|-
| align=left | 1
| [[Tralee]]
| align=right | 26,079
|-
| align=left | 2
| [[Killarney]]
| align=right | 14,412
|-
| align=left | 3
| [[Listowel]]
| align=right | 4,794
|-
| align=left | 4
| [[Kenmare]]
| align=right | 2,566
|-
| align=left | 5
| [[Castleisland]]
| align=right | 2,564
|-
| align=left | 6
| [[Killorglin]]
| align=right | 2,163
|-
| align=left | 7
| [[Dingle]]
| align=right | 1,671
|-
| align=left | 8
| [[Ballybunion]]
| align=right | 1,618
|-
| align=left | 9
| [[Cahersiveen]]
| align=right | 1,297
|-
| align=left | 10
| [[Milltown, County Kerry|Milltown]]
| align=right | 1,118
|}
==
[[File:County Kerry West of Ballyferriter.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Near Teeravane, County Kerry]]
Kerry faces the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and, typically for an Eastern-Atlantic coastal region, features many [[peninsulas]] and inlets, principally the [[Dingle Peninsula]], the [[Iveragh Peninsula]], and the [[Beara Peninsula]]. The county is bounded on the west by the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and on the north by the [[River Shannon]]. Kerry is one of the most mountainous regions of Ireland and its three highest mountains, [[Carrauntoohil]], [[Beenkeragh]] and [[Caher Mountain (Kerry)|Caher]], all part of the [[MacGillycuddy's Reeks]] range.
Just off the coast are a number of islands, including the [[Blasket Islands]], [[Valentia Island]] and the [[Skellig Islands|Skelligs]]. [[Skellig Michael]] is a [[World Heritage Site]], famous for the [[medieval]] [[monastery]] clinging to the island's cliffs. The county contains the [[Extreme points of Ireland|extreme west point]] of Ireland, [[Dunmore Head]] on the Dingle Peninsula, or including islands, [[Tearaght Island]], part of the Blaskets. The most westerly inhabited area of Ireland is [[Dún Chaoin]], on the Dingle Peninsula. The [[River Feale]], the [[River Laune]] and the [[Roughty River]] flow through Kerry, into the Atlantic.
[[File:Dingle peninsula panorama crop.jpg|thumb|930px|center|Dingle Peninsula]]
===Climate===
The [[North Atlantic Current]], part of the [[Gulf Stream]], flows north past Kerry and the west coast of Ireland, resulting in milder temperatures than would otherwise be expected at the 52 North [[latitude]]. This means that [[subtropical]] plants such as the [[Arbutus unedo|strawberry tree]] and [[tree fern]]s, not normally found in northern Europe, thrive in the area.
Because of the mountainous area and the prevailing southwesterly winds, Kerry is among the regions with the highest [[rainfall]] in Ireland. Owing to its ___location, there has been a weather reporting station on Valentia for many centuries. The Irish record for rainfall in one day is {{convert|243.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}, recorded at Cloore Lake in Kerry in 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rainfall – Climate – Met Éireann – The Irish Meteorological Service Online |url=http://www.met.ie/climate/rainfall.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070602061707/http://www.met.ie/climate/rainfall.asp |archive-date=2 June 2007 |access-date=23 May 2012 |publisher=Met.ie}}</ref>
In 1986 the remnants of [[Hurricane Charley (1986)|Hurricane Charley]] crossed over Kerry as an [[extratropical storm]] causing extensive rainfall, flooding and damage.
==History==
{{Historical populations
|state=collapsed
|percentages = pagr
|1461|6173
|1471|6212
|1500|6331
|1510|6355
|1515|6404
|1530|6445
|1535|6616
|1550|6888
|1555|6923
|1580|6970
|1585|7032
|1600|7085
|1610|7111
|1611|7180
|1613|7212
|1616|7445
|1621|7616
|1631|7710
|1641|7955
|1645|7999
|1651|8045
|1653|8210
|1659|8390
|1821|216185
|1831|263126
|1841|293880
|1851|238254
|1861|201800
|1871|196586
|1881|201039
|1891|179136
|1901|165726
|1911|159691
|1926|149171
|1936|139834
|1946|133893
|1951|126644
|1956|122072
|1961|116458
|1966|112785
|1971|112772
|1979|120356
|1981|122770
|1986|124159
|1991|121894
|1996|126130
|2002|132527
|2006|139835
|2011|145502
|2016|147707
|2022|155258
||footnote=<ref name=cso2022/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Census for post 1821 figures |url=http://www.cso.ie/census |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309005718/http://www.cso.ie/census/ |archive-date=9 March 2005}}. For 1653 and 1659 figures from Civil Survey Census of those years, Paper of Mr Hardinge to Royal Irish Academy 14 March 1865.t For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see JJ Lee, "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses Irish Population, Economy and Society" edited by JM Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p.54, and also "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850" by Joel Mokyr and Cormac O Grada in ''The Economic History Review'', New Series, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov. 1984), pp. 473–488.</ref><ref name="cso2016">{{Cite web |title=Census 2016 Sapmap Area: County Kerry |url=http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=CTY31&Geog_Code=2AE1962914A613A3E055000000000001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033639/http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=CTY31&Geog_Code=2AE1962914A613A3E055000000000001 |archive-date=28 October 2018 |access-date=27 October 2018 |publisher=[[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)]]}}</ref>
}}
Kerry ({{langx|ga|Ciarraí}} or in the older spelling ''Ciarraighe'') means the "people of Ciar" which was the name of the Gaelic tribe who lived in part of the present county. The legendary founder of the tribe was [[Ciar]], son of [[Fergus mac Róich]].<ref name="barrington">T J Barrington, ''Discovering Kerry, its History Heritage and toponymy'', Dublin, 1976</ref> In [[Old Irish]] "Ciar" meant black or dark brown, and the word continues in use in modern Irish as an adjective describing a dark complexion.<ref>''Gearrfhoclóir Gaeilge-Béarla'', Dublin, 1981</ref> The suffix ''raighe'', meaning ''people/tribe'', is found in various ''-ry'' place names in Ireland, such as ''Osry''—''Osraighe'' ''Deer-People/Tribe''. The county's nickname is ''the Kingdom''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tossell |first=Mary |title=History, Geography, Facts about County Kerry |url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlker/history.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414182305/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlker/history.html |archive-date=14 April 2012 |access-date=23 May 2012 |publisher=Rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref>
===Lordship of Ireland===
On 27 August 1329, by [[Letters Patent]], [[Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond]] was confirmed in the feudal seniority of the entire [[county palatine]] of Kerry, to him and his heirs male, to hold of the Crown by the service of one knight's fee. In the 15th century, the majority of the area now known as County Kerry was still part of the [[County Desmond]], the west Munster seat of the [[Earl of Desmond]], a branch of the [[Hiberno-Norman]] [[FitzGerald dynasty]], known as the [[Geraldines]].
===Kingdom of Ireland===
[[File:Gallarus Oratory.JPG|220px|thumbnail|Gallarus Oratory near Dingle, which dates back to the 6th century.]]
[[File:Skellig Michael.png|220px|thumbnail|Little Skellig, as seen from Skellig Michael.]]
In 1580, during the [[Second Desmond Rebellion]], one of the most infamous massacres of the Sixteenth century, the [[Siege of Smerwick]], took place at Dún an Óir near [[Ard na Caithne]] (Smerwick) at the tip of the [[Dingle Peninsula]]. The 600-strong Italian, Spanish and Irish [[Second Desmond Rebellion#1579 invasion|papal invasion force]] of [[James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald]] was besieged by the English forces and massacred.
During the [[Nine Years' War (Ireland)|Nine Years' War]], Kerry was again the scene of conflict, as the O'Sullivan Beare clan joined the rebellion. In 1602 their castle at [[Dunboy Castle|Dunboy]] was [[Siege of Dunboy|besieged and taken]] by English troops. [[Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare|Donal O'Sullivan]] Beare, in an effort to escape English retribution and to reach his allies in [[Ulster]], marched all the clan's members and dependants to the north of Ireland. Due to harassment by hostile forces and freezing weather, very few of the 1,000 O'Sullivans who set out reached their destination.
In the aftermath of the War, much of the native owned land in Kerry was confiscated and given to English settlers or 'planters'. The head of the [[MacCarthy Mor]] family, [[Florence MacCarthy]] was imprisoned in London and his lands were divided between his relatives and colonists from England, such as the Browne family.
In the 1640s Kerry was engulfed by the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]], an attempt by Irish Catholics to take power in the Protestant [[Kingdom of Ireland]]. The rebellion in Kerry was led by [[Donagh McCarthy]], 1st Viscount Muskerry. His son [[Donough MacCarty, 1st Earl of Clancarty|the Earl of Clancarty]] held the county during the subsequent [[Irish Confederate Wars]] and his forces were among the last to surrender to the [[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland]] in 1652. The last stronghold to fall was [[Ross Castle]], near Killarney.
===The Famine===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2023}}
In the 18th and 19th centuries Kerry became increasingly populated by poor tenant farmers, who came to rely on the [[potato]] as their main food source. As a result, when the potato crop failed in 1845, Kerry was very hard hit by the [[Great Irish Famine]] of 1845–49. In the wake of the famine, many thousands of poor farmers emigrated to seek a better life in America and elsewhere. Kerry was to remain a source of emigration until recent times (up to the 1980s). Another long term consequence of the famine was the [[Land War]] of the 1870s and 1880s, in which tenant farmers agitated, sometimes violently, for better terms from their landlords.
===War of Independence and Civil War===
[[File:RossCastleAndLoughLeane.jpg|220px|thumbnail|Ross Castle and Lough Leane, Killarney National Park.]]
In the 20th century, Kerry was one of the counties most affected by the [[Irish War of Independence]] (1919–21) and [[Irish Civil War]] (1922–23). In the war of Independence, the [[Irish Republican Army]] fought a guerilla war against the [[Royal Irish Constabulary]], and British military. One of the more prominent incidents in the conflict in Kerry was the [[siege of Tralee]] in November 1920, when the [[Black and Tans]] placed in [[Tralee]] burned many homes, and shot dead a number of local people in retaliation for the IRA killing of five local policemen the night before. On 10 December 1920 [[Martial law]] was declared in the Counties of Kerry, Cork and Limerick.<ref>{{cite book |last=Macardle |first=Dorothy |author-link= |date=1965 |title=The Irish Republic |url= |___location=New York |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |page=416 |isbn=}}</ref> Another incident was the [[Headford Ambush|Headford Junction ambush]] in spring 1921, when IRA units ambushed a train carrying British soldiers outside Killarney. About ten British soldiers, three civilians and two IRA men were killed in the ensuing gun battle. Violence between the IRA and the British was ended in July 1921, but nine men, four British soldiers and five IRA men, were killed in a shoot-out in Castleisland on the day of the truce itself, indicating the bitterness of the conflict in Kerry.
Following the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]], most of the Kerry IRA units opposed the settlement. One exception existed in [[Listowel]] where a pro-Treaty garrison was established by local Flying Column commandant Thomas Kennelly in February 1922. This unit consisted of 200 regular soldiers along with officers and NCOs. A batch of rifles, machine guns and a [[Crossley]] tender were sent from Dublin. Listowel would remain a base for those supporting the treaty throughout the conflict.<ref>Listowel and its Vicinity. Anthony Gaughan. 1973.</ref> The town was eventually overcome by superior numbers of anti-Treaty forces belonging to the Kerry No. 2 and 3 Brigades in June 1922. In the ensuing civil war between pro- and anti-treaty elements, Kerry was perhaps the worst affected area of Ireland. Initially the county was held by the [[Anti-Treaty IRA]] but it was taken for the [[Irish Free State]] after [[Irish Free State offensive|seaborne landings]] by National Army troops at [[Fenit]], [[Tarbert, County Kerry|Tarbert]] and [[Kenmare]] in August 1922. Thereafter the county saw a bitter guerilla war between men who had been comrades only a year previously. The republicans, or "irregulars", mounted a number of successful actions, for example attacking and briefly re-taking [[Kenmare]] in September 1922. In March 1923 Kerry saw a series of [[Executions during the Irish Civil War|massacres]] of republican prisoners by [[Irish Army|National Army]] soldiers, in reprisal for the ambush of their men—the most notorious being the [[Executions during the Irish Civil War#The Ballyseedy massacre and its aftermath|killing of eight men with mines at Ballyseedy]], near Tralee. The internecine conflict was brought to an end in May 1923 as the rule of law was re-established following the death of IRA Chief of Staff [[Liam Lynch (Irish republican)|Liam Lynch]], and the order by [[Frank Aiken]] to dump all arms.
==
===County council===
{{Main|Kerry County Council}}
The local authority for the county is [[Kerry County Council]]. The council provides a number of services including planning, roads maintenance, fire brigade, council housing, water supply, waste collection, recycling and landfill, higher education grants and funding for arts and culture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Services |url=http://www.kerrycoco.ie/en/allservices/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427091721/http://www.kerrycoco.ie/en/allservices/ |archive-date=27 April 2011 |access-date=11 February 2011 |publisher=Kerry County Council}}</ref>
The county is divided into five municipal districts with local responsibility: Corca Dhuibhne–Castleisland, Kenmare, Killarney, Listowel, and Tralee.
===Town councils===
Prior to the [[2014 Irish local elections|2014 local elections]] held on 23 May 2014, [[Killarney]], [[Listowel]] and [[Tralee]] each had [[Town council (Ireland)|town councils]]. They were abolished under the [[Local Government Reform Act 2014]].
==Parliamentary representation==
Following boundary changes in 2016, Kerry is represented in [[Dáil Éireann]] by five [[Teachta Dála|TD]]s returned from a single [[Dáil constituency]] of [[Kerry (Dáil constituency)|Kerry]].
==Culture==
As a region on the extremity of Ireland, the culture of Kerry was less susceptible to outside influences and has preserved the [[Irish language]], as well as [[Folk music of Ireland|Irish traditional music]], song and [[Irish dance|dance]]. The [[Sliabh Luachra]] area of northeast Kerry, that borders Limerick and Cork, is renowned for its traditional music, dance and song, especially its slides, polkas and fiddle playing. The [[Siamsa Tíre]] centre in Tralee is a hub of traditional Irish pastimes. [[Corca Dhuibhne]] and [[Uíbh Ráthach]] are considered [[Gaeltacht]] regions and Irish culture is also very strong in these areas.
The Blasket Islands off the Dingle Peninsula are known for their rich literary heritage; authors such as [[Peig Sayers]], [[Muiris Ó Súilleabháin]] and [[Tomás Ó Criomhthain]] have all written books about life on the islands, which were evacuated in 1953 due to increasingly [[extreme weather]] conditions that made them uninhabitable. [[John B Keane]], a native of [[Listowel]], is considered one of Ireland's greatest playwrights and is known for his works such as ''[[The Field (play)|The Field]]'', ''[[Sive (play)|Sive]]'' and ''Big Maggie''. The annual Listowel Writers' Week Festival serves as a celebration of Irish writers past and present.
==Sport==
===Gaelic games===
Kerry is known for its [[Kerry GAA|senior Gaelic football team]]. Gaelic football is by far the dominant sport in the county, and Kerry has the most successful of all football teams; the Kerry footballers have won the [[Sam Maguire Cup|Sam Maguire cup]] 39 times, with the next nearest team [[Dublin GAA|Dublin]] on 31 wins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roll of Honour |url=http://www.gaa.ie/page/roll_of_honour.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080823180500/http://www.gaa.ie/page/roll_of_honour.html |archive-date=23 August 2008 |access-date=26 September 2008 |publisher=Cumann Lúthcleas Geal}}</ref> [[Hurling]] is popular at club level in north Kerry, although the county has only won one [[All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship]], in 1891. The senior team currently compete in the [[Joe McDonagh Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerry GAA – Hurling – Clubs and Information |url=http://www.gaainfo.com/hurling.php?co=kerry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090314095019/http://www.gaainfo.com/hurling.php?co=kerry |archive-date=14 March 2009 |access-date=26 September 2008 |publisher=gaainfo.com}}</ref>
===Association football===
The [[Kerry District League]] is the main competition for association football in the county. [[Tralee Dynamos A.F.C.|Tralee Dynamos]] have represented Kerry in the [[A Championship]], while they and Killarney Celtic also competed in the [[Munster Senior League (association football)|Munster Senior League]] during the late 1990s and early 2000s. In 2023 [[Kerry F.C. (Ireland)|Kerry F.C.]] entered the [[League of Ireland First Division]] for the first time.
===Cricket===
[[Cricket]] is played in County Kerry by County Kerry Cricket Club. They play their home games at the Oyster Oval near [[Tralee]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Browne |first=P. J. |date=11 June 2018 |title=In Pictures: Scenery Of Kerry Cricket Ground Will Make You Pick Up A Bat |url=https://www.balls.ie/cricket/kerry-cricket-ground-oyster-oval-pictures-390716 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128041853/https://www.balls.ie/cricket/kerry-cricket-ground-oyster-oval-pictures-390716 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=21 January 2021 |publisher=www.balls.ie}}</ref>
==Irish language==
In 2011 there were 6,083 [[Irish language]] speakers in County Kerry, with 4,978 native speakers within the [[Kerry Gaeltacht]]. This does not count the 1,105 attending the four [[Gaelscoil]]s (Irish language primary schools) and two [[Gaelcholáiste]] (Irish language secondary schools) outside the Kerry Gaeltacht.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Oideachas Trí Mheán na Gaeilge in Éirinn sa Ghalltacht 2010–2011 |url=http://www.gaelscoileanna.ie/assets/Staitistic%C3%AD-2010-2011_Gaeilge.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419091247/http://www.gaelscoileanna.ie/assets/Staitistic%C3%AD-2010-2011_Gaeilge.pdf |archive-date=19 April 2012 |access-date=9 January 2012 |publisher=gaelscoileanna.ie |language=Irish}}</ref>
==Places of interest==
{{see also|List of castles in County Kerry}}
[[File:Panorama from Torc Mountain (2) - geograph.org.uk - 777017.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Lakes of Killarney]]]]
[[File:Cliffs in Kerry.jpg|300px|thumb|Cliffs on the Dingle Peninsula]]
Kerry, with its mountains, lakes and nearly 1,000 kilometres of [[List of Irish counties by coastline|Atlantic coastline]] is among the most scenic areas in Ireland and is among the most significant tourist destinations in Ireland. Killarney is the centre of the tourism industry, which is a significant element of the economy in Kerry. The [[Kerry Way]], [[Dingle Way]] and [[Beara Way]] are walking routes in the county. The [[Ring of Kerry]] on the [[Iveragh Peninsula]] is a popular route for tourists and cyclists. The pedestrian version is the scenic [[Kerry Way]] which follows ancient paths generally higher than that adopted by the Ring of Kerry.
Kerry has an abundance of archaeological sites. The earliest evidence of human settlement dates to the Mesolithic period.<ref>Bennett, I. (1987). "The Archaeology of County Kerry" Archaeology Ireland, 1(2), 48–51. Retrieved 17 June 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20558252 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629144433/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20558252 |date=29 June 2021 }}</ref> The county has a notably high concentration of open-air [[Rock art of Europe#Atlantic European rock art|Atlantic rock art]], which is believed to date to the Late Neolithic / Early Bronze Age period (2300-1500BC). This rock art is scattered throughout the county and exists in dense clusters on the [[Iveragh Peninsula|Iveragh]] and [[Dingle Peninsula|Dingle]] peninsulas. These carvings form part of a tradition which stretches across Atlantic Europe and are distinct from the megalithic art of the type found at Newgrange.<ref>Bradley, R. 1997. "Signing the Land; Rock Art and the Prehistory of Atlantic Europe", Routledge, London.</ref> Kerry has many Bronze Age monuments including standing stones, wedge tombs, boulder burials, and stone circles, along with Iron Age forts. Like the rest of Ireland, Kerry has large numbers of monuments from the Early Christian period, such as ring forts, churches, cross-inscribed stones, holy wells, saints' graves, and ogham stones, along with Medieval castles and churches.
Attractions:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Ballinskelligs]]
*[[Banna Strand]]
*[[Blasket Islands]]
*[[Blennerville Windmill]]
*[[Caragh Lake]]
*[[Carrauntoohil]]
*[[Conor Pass]]
*[[Dingle Peninsula]]
*[[Eightercua]]
*[[Ardfert|Ecclesiastical sites at Ardfert]]
*[[Fenit Harbour]]
*[[Gallarus Oratory]]
*[[Killarney National Park]]
*[[Kerry County Museum]]
*[[Kerry Woollen Mills]]
*[[Lakes of Killarney]]
*[[Lartigue Monorail]]
*[[Maharees]]
*[[Mount Brandon]]
*[[Muckross House]]
*[[Ballyduff, County Kerry|Rattoo Round Tower]] and [[Sheela na Gig]]
*[[Ring of Kerry]]
*[[Ross Castle]]
*[[Rossbeigh|Rossbeigh beach]]
*[[Scotia's Grave]]
*[[Siamsa Tíre]]
*[[Skellig Michael]]
*[[Torc Waterfall]]
*[[Uragh Stone Circle]]
*[[Valentia Island]]
{{div col end}}
==Media==
County Kerry has two local newspapers, ''[[The Kerryman]]'' and ''[[Kerry's Eye]]'', both published in Tralee.
The county has a commercial radio station, [[Radio Kerry]], which commenced operations in 1990. [[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta]] has a studio in [[Ballynagall|Baile na nGall]] in the west Kerry [[gaeltacht]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Labhair Linn |url=http://www.rte.ie/rnag/labhair_linn.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227075949/http://www.rte.ie/rnag/labhair_linn.html |archive-date=27 December 2010 |access-date=19 December 2010 |publisher=[[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta]]}}</ref> [[Spin South West]] has a studio in [[Tralee]], which commenced operations in 2016.
==Infrastructure==
===Road===
The main [[National Primary Route]]s into Kerry are the [[N21 road (Ireland)|N21 road]] from Limerick and the [[N22 road]] from [[Cork (city)|Cork]], each terminating in Tralee. [[Kerry Airport]] is situated on the [[N23 road]] between Castleisland and Farranfore which connects the N21 and N22. Within Kerry the main [[National Secondary Route]]s include the well-known [[Ring of Kerry]] which follows the [[N70 road (Ireland)|N70 road]] that circles the Iveragh Peninsula and links at Kenmare with the [[N71 road]] to [[County Cork|west Cork]].
The [[N86 road (Ireland)|N86 road]] connects Tralee with Dingle along the Dingle Peninsula, while the [[N69 road (Ireland)|N69 road]] from Limerick links Listowel and Tralee through north Kerry.
====Greenways====
There is a developing [[greenway (landscape)|greenway]] network, known as the "Kingdom of Kerry Greenways",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discover the Kingdom of Kerry Greenways |url=https://www.discoverkerry.com/greenways/ |website=DiscoverKerry.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kingdom of Kerry Greenways |url=https://greenwaysireland.org/kingdom-of-kerry-greenways/ |website=GreenwaysIreland.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore the Kingdom of Kerry Greenways |url=https://www.discoverireland.ie/kingdom-of-kerry-greenways |website=[[Discover Ireland]]}}</ref> across the county. The [[North Kerry Greenway|North Kerry]] (part of the [[Great Southern Trail]]), [[South Kerry Greenway|South Kerry]] and [[Tralee-Fenit Greenway|Tralee-Fenit]] greenways are under-development or in the planning phases.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2024 |title=Tralee - Listowel Greenway - Public Consultation - Proposed Options |url=https://consult.kerrycoco.ie/en/content/tralee-listowel-greenway-public-consultation-proposed-options |website=[[KerryCoCo.ie]]}}</ref>
===Rail===
[[File:Train at Killarney Station - geograph.org.uk - 2556130.jpg|thumb|Killarney railway station]]
Kerry is served by [[Rail transport in Ireland|rail]] at [[Tralee railway station]], [[Farranfore railway station]], [[Killarney railway station]] and [[Rathmore railway station]] which connect to [[Cork railway station|Cork]] and [[Dublin Heuston]], via [[Mallow railway station|Mallow]].
Branch line services existed to each of the peninsulas (Beara, Iveragh and Dingle) and also to the north of the county. They were closed during the [[History of rail transport in Ireland#Rationalisation|rationalisations]] of the 1950s and 1960s.
* [[Tralee and Dingle Light Railway]]: a narrow-gauge railway that closed in July 1953.
* Kenmare via Headford Junction: (8 miles outside Killarney) closed in early 1960.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2016 |title=Kenmare's Last Train – Amharc Éireann: Eagrán 32 |url=https://ifiplayer.ie/amharc-eireann-kenmares-last-train/ |quote=On the 1st of February 1960, Kenmare locals and railway workers looked on as the last train made its final journey on the tracks before the line closed}}</ref>
* [[Valentia Harbour railway station|Valentia Harbour]] via Farranfore: also closed in early 1960.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} The ''Gleesk Viaduct'' near Kells, the viaduct at Killorglin, and many other structures on the line still exist.
* Listowel was served via the North Kerry line, which extended from Tralee to Limerick. Passenger service ceased in 1963, freight in 1983 and the lines were pulled up in 1988.
* [[Fenit]] was served via a branch off the North Kerry line until 1978; the rails are still in place.
Listowel to Ballybunion had the distinction of operating experimental [[Lartigue Monorail]] services from 1882 to 1924. A 500m section was re-established in 2003. A road-car route, the ''Prince of Wales Route'', was a link from [[Bantry]] to Killarney, operated by the [[Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway]] as a service for tourists.
===Bus===
[[Bus Éireann]] operates an extensive bus service network on routes throughout the county, with connection hubs in Killarney and Tralee.
Various local link services also run throughout Kerry such as the soon to be launched 274 from Tralee to Tarbert via Ardfert, Ballyheigue, Ballyduff and Ballybunion. Note that this new Local Link 274 will replace the return journey on the Bus Eireann 274. See [https://www.locallinkkerry.ie/ Local Link Kerry] for all buses operated by them throughout the county.
===Air===
[[File:Kerry Airport.jpg|thumb|Kerry Airport]]
[[Kerry Airport]] is located at Farranfore in the centre of the county and has operated scheduled services since 1989. Destinations served as of 2025 are [[Dublin]], [[London]] ([[London Stansted Airport|Stansted]] & [[London Luton Airport|Luton]]), [[Manchester]], [[Frankfurt-Hahn Airport]], [[Faro, Portugal]] and [[Alicante]] all operated by [[Ryanair]], as well as [[Brittany]], [[Normandy]], [[Pyrenees]], and [[Dordogne]] operated by [[Chalair Aviation|Chalair]]. The airport is served by [[Farranfore railway station]].
===Sea===
[[File:Fenit harbour ireland.jpg|thumb|Fenit Marina ]]
[[File:A cargo ship in Fenit port.jpg|thumb|A cargo ship in Fenit port]]
Fenit harbour near Tralee is a regional harbour capable of handling ships of up to 17,000 tonnes. Large container cranes from [[Liebherr]] in Killarney are regularly exported worldwide. A rail-link to the port was closed in the 1970s. The harbour at [[Dingle]] is one of Ireland's secondary fishing ports, and is visited by Cruise ships in the summer.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerry |url=http://www.anirishwelcome.com/kerry.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202080406/http://www.anirishwelcome.com/kerry.html |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=30 January 2017 |website=Welcome To Ireland}}</ref> In the north of the county, a ferry service operates from [[Tarbert, County Kerry|Tarbert]] to [[Killimer]] in [[County Clare]].
===Hospitals===
{{See also|List of hospitals in the Republic of Ireland}}
Hospitals in Kerry include the public [[University Hospital Kerry]] which is the second-largest acute hospital in the [[Health Service Executive]] South Region. It serves as the main hospital for County Kerry and also serves the people in parts of north Cork and west Limerick. Other hospitals include the private [[Bon Secours Hospital, Tralee|Bon Secours Hospital]] in Tralee and community hospitals in Cahirciveen, Dingle, Kenmare, Killarney and Listowel.
===Education===
[[Munster Technological University]] (MTU), formerly the [[Institute of Technology, Tralee]], is the main third-level institution in the county. Two of the university's campuses are located in Kerry, both in [[Tralee]]. What is now MTU Kerry North Campus was established in 1977 as the Regional Technical College, Tralee but acquired the name "Institute of Technology, Tralee" in 1997. It merged with [[Cork Institute of Technology]] in 2019 to form the Munster Technological University. It has an enrolment of about 3,500 students. The institute has two campuses: the North Campus (opened in Dromtacker in 2001) and the South Campus (opened in Clash in 1977) approximately 2.4 km (1.5 mi) apart.
==Septs, families, and titles==
A number of Irish [[surnames]] are derived from septs who hail from the Kerry area, such as [[Falvey]], [[Foley (surname)|Foley]], [[McCarthy (surname)|McCarthy]], [[Murphy]], [[O'Conor|O'Connor]], [[Moriarty (disambiguation)|O'Moriarty]], [[Clifford (disambiguation)|Clifford]], [[Kennelly (disambiguation)|Kennelly]], [[McGrath (disambiguation)|McGrath]], [[O'Carroll]], [[O'Sullivan (surname)|O'Sullivan]], [[O'Connell (name)|O'Connell]], [[O'Donoghue]], [[O'Shea]], [[Quill (surname)|Quill]], [[Scannell]], [[Stack (surname)|Stack]], [[Sugrue]] and [[Tangney]].
The area was also home to the [[Hiberno-Norman]] families, the [[FitzMaurice]]s and the [[County Desmond|Desmonds]], a branch of the [[FitzGerald dynasty|FitzGeralds]].
Titles in the British [[Peerage of Ireland]] with a family seat in Kerry are:
*the [[Knight of Kerry]] – a branch of Fitzgeralds who had lands at Valentia Island
*the [[Earl of Kenmare]] (also ''[[Viscount Castlerosse]], [[Viscount Kenmare]] and [[Baron Castlerosse]]'') – the descendants of [[Sir Valentine Browne]] who was awarded lands in Killarney
*the [[Earl of Desmond]] – the Fitzgeralds of Desmond who had lands in North Kerry until they were seized at the end of the Desmond Rebellions
*the [[Marquess of Lansdowne]] (also ''[[Earl of Shelburne]], [[Baron Dunkeron]]'') – the descendants of [[William Petty|Sir William Petty]] who was awarded lands in Kenmare and elsewhere
*the [[Earl of Kerry]] (also ''[[Baron Kerry]], [[Viscount Clanmaurice]]'') – the Fitzmaurice family
*the [[Earl of Listowel]] – the Hare family
*the [[Baron Ventry]] – the Mullins family who had lands in the Dingle Peninsula, including Ventry
[[Viscount Valentia]] appears to have been associated with lands in [[County Armagh]], rather than Kerry. The title [[Baron Monteagle of Brandon]] refers to [[Brandon, County Kerry]].
==People==
{{See also|Category:People from County Kerry}}
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
Associated People:
*[[Roger Casement]]
*[[Wolfe Tone]]
*[[Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh]]
Historical:
*[[Daniel O'Connell]]
*[[Thomas Ashe]]
*[[
*[[Tom Crean (explorer)|Tom Crean]]
*[[Con Cremin]]
*[[Austin Stack]]
*[[Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Horatio Kitchener]]
*[[Richard Kelliher]]
*[[Jennifer Musa]]
*[[Charlie Daly (Irish republican)|Charlie Daly]]
*[[Maurice Moynihan]]
*[[Patrick Edward Connor]]
*[[William Melville]]
*[[Richard Cantillon]]
*[[John Connors (VC)|John Connors]]
*[[Saint Brendan]]
*[[Trevor Chute]]
{{Col-break}}
Literary & Musical:
*[[
*[[
*[[
*[[Julia Clifford]]
*[[Jerome Connor]]
*[[Canon James Goodman]]
*[[John B. Keane]]
*[[Brendan Kennelly]]
*[[Denis Murphy (Irish musician)|Denis Murphy]]
*[[Thomas MacGreevy]]
*[[Ernest John Moeran]]
*[[Paula Murrihy]]
*[[Tomás Ó Criomhthain]]
*[[Eoghan Rua Ó Súilleabháin]]
*[[Padraig O'Keeffe]]
*[[Arthur O'Leary (composer)|Arthur O'Leary]]
*[[Muiris Ó Súilleabháin]]
*[[Aogán Ó Rathaille]]
*[[Peig Sayers]]
*[[Larry Mathews (musician)|Larry Mathews]]
*[[Christie Hennessy]]
*[[John Moriarty (writer)|John Moriarty]]
*[[Paddy Cronin]]
*[[Patrick S. Dinneen]]
*[[Mark Lanegan]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2020 |title=Mark Lanegan Reflects on a Prolific Literary Year, Leaving the U.S. Due to the Pandemic |url=https://www.spin.com/2020/12/mark-lanegan-2020-year-end-interview/ |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=Spin}}</ref>
{{Col-break}}
Sport:
*[[Danny Barnes (rugby union)|Danny Barnes]]
*[[Edward Barrett (Irish sportsman)|Edward Barrett]]
*[[John Barrett (athlete)|John Barrett]]
*[[Colm Cooper]]
*[[Patrick Clifford (darts player)|Patrick Clifford]]
*[[Jack Doyle (baseball)|Jack Doyle]]
*[[Mick Doyle (rugby union)|Mick Doyle]]
*[[Maurice Fitzgerald (footballer)|Maurice Fitzgerald]]
*[[Tony Flavin]]
*[[Thos Foley]]
*[[Paul Galvin (Gaelic footballer)|Paul Galvin]]
*[[Mick Galwey]]
*[[JJ Hanrahan]]
*[[David Higgins (golfer)|David Higgins]]
*[[Liam Higgins (golfer)|Liam Higgins]]
*[[Robert Hilliard]]
*[[Moss Keane]]
*[[Tadhg Kennelly]]
*[[Jerry Kiernan]]
*[[John Lawlor (cricketer)|John Lawlor]]
*[[Jack McKenna]]
*[[Bryan Cooper (jockey)|Bryan Cooper]]
*[[Ultan Dillane]]
*[[Mick O'Connell]]
*[[Mick O'Dwyer]]
*[[Gillian O'Sullivan]]
*[[Paul Griffin (rower)|Paul Griffin]]
*[[Darragh Ó Sé]]
*[[Pat Spillane]]
*[[Jack O'Shea]]
*[[Mark O'Connor (sportsman)|Mark O'Connor]]
*[[Tommy Walsh (Kerry footballer)|Tommy Walsh]]
*[[Sean Wight]]
{{Col-break}}
Film/Stage/Radio:
*[[Michael Fassbender]]
*
*[[Fodhla Cronin O'Reilly]]
*[[Richard Wall]]
*[[Jessie Buckley]]
*[[Timothy V. Murphy]]
Political:
*[[Martin Ferris]]
*[[Jackie Healy-Rae]]
*[[Joe Higgins (politician)|Joe Higgins]]
*[[Thomas O'Driscoll]]
*[[Dick Spring]]
Fashion:
*[[Don O'Neill, Fashion Designer|Don O'Neill]]
{{col-end}}
==See also==
*[[Wild Atlantic Way]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Sources==
* {{Cite journal |last=Falkiner |first=Caesar Litton |author-link=Caesar Litton Falkiner |date=1903 |title=The Counties of Ireland: An Historical Sketch of Their Origin, Constitution, and Gradual Delimitation |url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsroya29acadgoog/page/n814/mode/2up?q=%22counties+of+ireland+an+historical%22&view=theater |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy |volume=XXIV, Section C |access-date=17 July 2022}}
==External links==
{{commons}}
* [http://www.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131006183717/http://www.ahg.gov.ie/ie/Straiteis20BliaindonGhaeilge/Foilseachain/Staid%C3%A9ar%20Cuimsitheach%20Teangeola%C3%ADoch%20ar%20%C3%9As%C3%A1id%20na%20Gaeilge%20sa%20Ghaeltacht%20%28achoimre%29.pdf Gaeltacht Comprehensive Language Study 2007]
*
{{Geographic Location
|North = [[Shannon Estuary]]
|South = [[Celtic Sea]]
|East = [[County Limerick]]<br />[[County Cork]] [[File:County Cork arms.png|30px]]
|West = [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|Centre = County Kerry
}}
{{County Kerry}}
{{Counties of Ireland}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:County Kerry| ]]
[[Category:Munster|Kerry]]
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[[Category:Local government areas of the Republic of Ireland|Kerry]]
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