Spanish Socialist Workers' Party: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Spanish political party}}

The '''Spanish Socialist Workers' Party''' ('''Partido Socialista Obrero Español''' or PSOE) is one of the main parties of [[Spain]]. It is a [[social democratic]] party, a member of the [[Socialist International]].

{{More citations needed|date=September 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}

{{Infobox political party

| name = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party

| native_name = Partido Socialista Obrero Español

| logo = Logo PSOE 41 Congreso.svg

| logo_size = 200

| colorcode = {{Political party data|color}}

| abbreviation = PSOE

| founder = [[Pablo Iglesias Posse]]

| leader1_title = [[#Leadership|Secretary General]]

| leader1_name = [[Pedro Sánchez]]

| leader2_title = [[#Leadership|Deputy Secretary General]]

| leader2_name = [[María Jesús Montero]]

| leader3_title = [[#Leadership|President]]

| leader3_name = [[Cristina Narbona]]

| founded = 2 May 1879<br>({{age in years and days|1879|05|02}})

| headquarters = C/ Ferraz, 70<br/>28008, [[Madrid]]

| newspaper = ''[[El Socialista (newspaper)|El Socialista]]''

| student_wing = ''Campus Joven''

| youth_wing = [[Socialist Youth of Spain]]

| membership_year = 2023

| membership = {{decrease}} 152,913<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vozpopuli.com/espana/politica/el-psoe-ha-perdido-35000-afiliados-desde-que-pedro-sanchez-lidera-el-partido.html | title=El PSOE sufre la huida de 35.000 afiliados desde que Pedro Sánchez lidera el partido }}</ref>

| ideology = [[Social democracy]]

| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]

| national = [[Republican–Socialist Conjunction]] (1909–1919, 1931–1933)<br>[[Alliance of the Left]] (1918)<br>[[Popular Front (Spain)|Popular Front]]<br>(1936–1939)

| european = [[Party of European Socialists]]

| international = [[Progressive Alliance]]<br>[[Socialist International]]

| europarl = [[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats]]

| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}} Red

| anthem = "Himno del PSOE"<br>('Anthem of the PSOE')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.es/espana/20150521/abci-himno-psoe-201505191330.html|title=Rumbero, rockero, gaitero u orquestal: el versionable himno del PSOE|date=20 May 2015|website=abc|access-date=23 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024035324/https://www.abc.es/espana/20150521/abci-himno-psoe-201505191330.html|archive-date=24 October 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>[[File:Himno del PSOE.ogg|100px|Himno del PSOE]]

<!-- Values obtained from Wikidata; to edit, see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138198 -->

| seats1_title = [[Congress of Deputies]]

| seats1 = {{composition bar|120|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| seats2_title = [[Senate of Spain|Senate]]

| seats2 = {{composition bar|91|264|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| seats3_title = [[European Parliament]] {{Small|(Spanish seats)}}

| seats3 = {{composition bar|20|60|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| seats4_title = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Regional Parliaments]]

| seats4 = {{composition bar|324|1261|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| seats5_title = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Regional Governments]]

| seats5 = {{composition bar|5|19|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| seats6_title = [[2023 Spanish local elections|Local government]]

| seats6 = {{composition bar|20784|60941|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| website = {{Political party data|website}}

| symbol = [[File:Logotipo electoral del PSOE.png|130px]]

| country = Spain

}}

The '''Spanish Socialist Workers' Party''' ({{langx|es|Partido Socialista Obrero Español}} {{IPA|es|paɾˈtiðo soθjaˈlista oˈβɾeɾo espaˈɲol||es_partido-socialista-obrero-espanol_001.ogg}}, '''PSOE''' {{IPA|es|peˈsoe||es_psoe_001.ogg}}) is a [[Social democracy|social democratic]]<ref name=nordsieck>{{cite web |first=Wolfram|last=Nordsieck |title=Parties and Elections in Europe |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/spain.html |website=www.parties-and-elections.eu |date=2023 |archive-date=26 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126211820/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/spain.html |url-status=live}} Updated as required.</ref><ref name="socdem">The PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources:

[[Image:PsoeZapatero.jpg|thumb|left|250px|José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero in a meeting in San Sebastián]]

* {{cite book|author=Hans-Jürgen Puhle|chapter=Mobilizers and Late Modernizers: Socialist Parties in the New Southern Europe|editor1=Nikiforos P. Diamandouros|editor2=Richard Gunther|title=Parties, Politics, and Democracy in the New Southern Europe|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IT2VCWiYRCcC&pg=PA315|access-date=14 July 2013|year=2001|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-6518-3|page=315|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104155346/http://books.google.com/books?id=IT2VCWiYRCcC&pg=PA315|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|author-link=Hans-Jürgen Puhle}}

* {{cite book|author=Dimitri Almeida|title=The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oD7bKbo0FYEC&pg=PT71|access-date=14 July 2013|year=2012|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-136-34039-0|page=71|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009045058/http://books.google.com/books?id=oD7bKbo0FYEC&pg=PT71|archive-date=9 October 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}

* {{cite book|author1=Richard Collin|author2=Pamela L. Martin|title=An Introduction to World Politics: Conflict and Consensus on a Small Planet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-vSlx-_Z408C&pg=PA218|access-date=18 July 2013|year=2012|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-1803-1|page=218|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009045146/http://books.google.com/books?id=-vSlx-_Z408C&pg=PA218|archive-date=9 October 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}

* {{cite book|editor1=Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko|editor2=Matti Mälkiä|title=Encyclopedia of Digital Government|year=2006|publisher=Idea Group Inc (IGI)|isbn=978-1-59140-790-4|page=397}}</ref> [[List of political parties in Spain|political party in Spain]]. The PSOE has been in government longer than any other political party in modern democratic Spain: from 1982 to 1996 under [[Felipe González]], 2004 to 2011 under [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]], and since 2018 under [[Pedro Sánchez]].

The PSOE was founded in 1879, making it the oldest party currently active in Spain. The PSOE played a key role during the [[Second Spanish Republic]], being part of the [[coalition government]] from 1931 to 1933 and 1936 to 1939, when the republic was defeated in the [[Spanish Civil War]]. The party was then banned under the [[Francoist Spain|Francoist dictatorship]] and its members and leaders were persecuted or exiled; the ban was only lifted in 1977 in the [[Spanish transition to democracy|transition to democracy]]. Historically [[Marxism|Marxist]], it abandoned the ideology in 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/bibliuned:DerechoPolitico-1980-06-10077/PDF|title=El Congreso Extraordinario del PSOE|language=es|date=September 1979|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109185813/http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/bibliuned:DerechoPolitico-1980-06-10077/PDF|archive-date=9 November 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Like most mainstream Spanish political organizations since the mid–1980s, the PSOE has been considered by experts to have embraced a positive outlook towards [[European integration]].{{Sfn|Ruiz Jiménez|Egea de Haro|2011|p=110|ps=:&nbsp;"According to experts' judgement, most political organisations in Spain have been fairly or strongly in favour of European integration since the mid 1980s" (...) "Among nationwide parties, experts have systematically perceived PSOE, CDS and PP as exhibiting strong positive attitudes toward European integration, and these attitudes have also been perceived as stable over time (with small standard deviations)"}}{{efn|See also labels by {{Harvnb|Gibbons|1999|p=48|ps=:&nbsp;"This was in line with the PSOE's strongly pro-European policies"}}; and {{Harvnb|Campoy-Cubillo|2012|p=163|ps=:&nbsp;"The Saharawi cause was embraced not only by the Europeanist PSOE".}}}}

Its strongholds have been the miners and [[industrial worker]]s of [[Biscay]], [[Guipúzcoa]] and [[Asturias]], the [[landless labourer]]s of [[Andalusia]] and [[Extremadura]] and, since the 1970s, the [[public officer]]s across Spain.

It has had strong ties with the [[Unión General de Trabajadores]] trade union.

For decades, UGT membership was a requisite for PSOE membership.

During the ruling of PSOE in the 1980s, though, UGT protested the PSOE economic policy, even calling to a [[general strike]] ([[14-D]]) on [[14 December]] of 1988.

The PSOE has historically had strong ties with the [[Unión General de Trabajadores|General Union of Workers]] (UGT), a major Spanish trade union. For a couple of decades, UGT membership was a requirement for PSOE membership. However, since the 1980s the UGT has frequently criticised the economic policies of the PSOE, even calling for [[general strike]]s against the PSOE governments on 14 December 1988,<ref name=History/> 28 May 1992, 27 January 1994 and 29 September 2010, jointly with the [[Workers' Commissions]], another major trade union in Spain.

==History==

It was founded on [[1879]] by the historical spanish workers' leader [[Pablo Iglesias]].

The PSOE formed the Government during the [[second Spanish Republic]] (1931-1936) and as part of the [[Spanish Popular Front]] ("''Frente Popular''"), elected to government in [[1936]]. During the [[Spanish Civil War]], it divided into two wings: the left, revolutionary, and [[Marxist]] wing, led by [[Francisco Largo Caballero]], and the right, reformist wing, led by Indalecio Prieto and [[Julian Besteiro]].

Both the trade unions and the [[Left-wing politics|left]] have often criticised the economic policies of the PSOE for their [[Economic liberalism|economically liberal]] nature. They have denounced policies including [[deregulation]] and the increase in [[Precarity|precarious]] and [[temporary work]], cuts in unemployment and retirement benefits, and the [[Privatization|privatisation]] of large state-owned organisations and [[public service]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) 1879-1988 From Republican to Liberal Socialism |url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/2061/1/19-06.pdf |publisher=Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados de Andalucía (IESA-CSIC) |first=Fernando|last=Aguiar |date=15 October 2006}}</ref> The PSOE has traditionally attracted a higher share of female voters than its rivals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-08 |title=Sánchez bets big on women in Spanish campaign |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/spain-sanchez-women-election-vox-gender-equality/ |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> [[Same-sex marriage]] and [[Same-sex adoption|adoption]] were legalised in 2005 under the [[First government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero|Zapatero Government]] and, more recently, a transgender rights bill was passed to allow more freedom in regards to gender identity.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=Spanish government approves new bill on transgender rights |url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-gay-rights-madrid-government-and-politics-0eeb5b9fba7c78a458326bcfbe871222 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.psoe.es/el-socialista/opina-en-el-socialista/por-la-libertad-y-la-justicia/ |access-date=2023-09-25|title=Por la libertad y la justicia|website=www.psoe.es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.psoe.es/actualidad/noticias-actualidad/el-psoe-destaca-que-la-ley-integral-contra-la-violencia-de-genero-es-adecuada-util-y-necesaria-y-funciona--43797/|title=El PSOE destaca que la Ley integral contra la violencia de género es adecuada, útil y necesaria, y funciona|access-date=2023-09-25 |website=www.psoe.es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Violeta Molina Gallardo |author2=Nacho García |date=2023-08-03 |title=¿Qué movió a las mujeres a votar el 23J? Preferencia por el PSOE, rechazo a Vox y otras claves, según el CIS |url=https://www.epe.es/es/igualdad/20230803/23j-elecciones-mujeres-rechazo-voz-apoyo-psoe-90620873 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=elperiodicodeespana |language=es}}</ref>

During the dictatorship of [[Francisco Franco]] (1939-1975) the PSOE was illegal and it was persecuted. Many of their leaders and militants were assassinated, imprisoned or they exiled to [[France]], the [[United States]], or [[Mexico]]. In the first democratic elections (1977), it arose as the second party of Spain, with 30% of the votes. In 1979 it obtained similar results. From 1974, its general secretary was [[Felipe González]], who in a congress at [[Suresnes]] (France), moved the party away from its Marxist and socialist path, turning the PSOE into a social-democratic party, similar to those of the rest of western Europe. To this end, he banned the Marxist wing, directed by the Trotskyist newspaper New Clarity, similar to the [[British Socialist Appeal]] (former Militant).

These movements were encouraged by the European social democracy; German [[SPD]] granted money to PSOE.

The party symbol was changed from the [[anvil with the book]] to the Social Democratic [[fist with a rose]].

The PSOE is a member of the [[Party of European Socialists]], [[Progressive Alliance]] and the [[Socialist International]].<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://www.psoe.es/ambito/historiapsoe/docs/index.do?action=View&id=992|title=History of PSOE|publisher=PSOE own site|access-date=11 July 2007|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623091245/http://www.psoe.es/ambito/historiapsoe/docs/index.do?action=View&id=992|archive-date=23 June 2007|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The PSOE's 20 [[Member of the European Parliament|Members of the European Parliament]] sit in the [[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats|Socialists and Democrats]] [[Political groups of the European Parliament|European parliamentary group]].

In 1982, the PSOE won an historic electoral victory, with more than 10,000,000 votes (48%). Felipe González became Prime minister, a position that he occupied from 1982 to 1996. In spite of its appearance as a leftist party, with a progressive program, the PSOE made a policy of [[Welfare state|social reforms]] combined with a liberal and capìtalist economic policy. In addition, it was favorable to the entrance of Spain in [[NATO]] (1986) and supported the United States in the [[First Gulf War]] (1991). The PSOE won 1986, 1989 and 1993 elections.

== History ==

An economic crisis, scandals of corruption and [[state terrorism]] against the [[Basque]] violent separatist group [[ETA]] eroded the popularity of Felipe González, and in 1996, the PSOE lost the elections to the conservative [[People's Party (Spain)|Partido Popular]] ("Popular Party") (PP). Between 1996 and 2001 the PSOE weathered a crisis, suffering a hard defeat in 2000 (34.7%), after agreeing with Izquierda Unida ("United Left") (IU).

=== Restoration regime (1879–1931) ===

[[File:Pablo Iglesias dirigiendo la palabra á los obreros antes de disolverse la manifestación, de Campúa.jpg|thumb|left|[[Pablo Iglesias Posse]] addressing the workers during a 1905 demonstration in Madrid|350x350px]]

The PSOE was founded by [[Pablo Iglesias Posse|Pablo Iglesias]] on 2 May 1879 in the [[Casa Labra]] tavern in Tetuán Street near the [[Puerta del Sol]] at the centre of [[Madrid]].{{sfn|Vadillo|2007|p=32}}{{sfn|Álvarez Junco|2018|pp=414–415}} Iglesias was a typesetter who had previously come in contact with the Spanish section of the [[International Workingmen's Association]] and with [[Paul Lafargue]].{{sfn|Álvarez Junco|2018|pp=414–415}} The first program of the new political party was passed in an assembly of 40 people on 20 July of that same year. The bulk of the growth of the PSOE and its affiliated trade union, the [[Unión General de Trabajadores]] (UGT) was chiefly restricted to the [[Madrid]]-[[Biscay]]-[[Asturias]] triangle up until the 1910s.{{sfn|Tuñón de Lara|1990|p=239}} The obtaining of a seat at the Congress by Pablo Iglesias at the [[1910 Spanish general election]] in which the PSOE candidates presented within the broad [[Republican–Socialist Conjunction]] became a development of great symbolical transcendence and gave the party more publicity at the national level.{{sfn|Robles Egea|2015}}

[[File:Trade unionists in the penitentiary of Cartagena.jpg|thumb|[[Julián Besteiro]], Daniel Anguiano, Andrés Saborit and [[Francisco Largo Caballero]] in the prison of Cartagena in 1918|360x360px]]

It still has remained as the ruling party in the [[autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous communities]] of Andalusia, Extremadura, Castilla-La Mancha and Asturias.

The PSOE and the UGT took a leading role in the general strike of August 1917 in the context of the events leading to the [[Spanish crisis of 1917]] during the conservative government of [[Eduardo Dato]]. The strike was crushed by the army as a result of further undermining of the constitutional order.{{sfn|Romero Salvadó|2010|pp=79–80}} The members of the organizing committee ([[Julián Besteiro]], [[Francisco Largo Caballero]], [[Daniel Anguiano]] and [[Andrés Saborit]]) were accused of [[sedition]] and sentenced to [[life imprisonment]].{{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014|p=63}} Sent to the prison of [[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]],{{sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014|p=63}} they were released a year later after being elected to the [[Congress of Deputies|Cortes]] in the [[1918 Spanish general election]]. During the 1919−1921 crisis of the socialist internationals, the party experienced tensions between the members endorsing the [[Second International|Socialist International]] and the advocates for joining the [[Communist International]]. Two consecutive splits of dissidents willing to join the Communist International, namely the [[Spanish Communist Party]] in 1920{{sfn|Heywood|2002|p=56}} and the [[Spanish Communist Workers' Party (1921)|Spanish Communist Workers' Party]] in 1921,{{Sfn|Heywood|2002|p=25}} broke away from the PSOE and soon merged to create the [[Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE). The PSOE was a member of the [[Labour and Socialist International]] between 1923 and 1940.<ref>Kowalski, Werner (1985). [https://books.google.com/books?id=83QdPwAACAAJ ''Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923–1919'']. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften (in German). p. 325.</ref>

On 13th November 2003 the PSOE won the Catalonian election, and obtained the autonomous government, [[Generalitat de Catalunya]], through a pact with [[Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya]] (Republican Left of Catalonia, ERC, left-wing independentist) and [[Iniciativa per Catalunya]] (Initiative for Catalonia, ICV, left-wing).

After the death of Pablo Iglesias in 1925, Julián Besteiro replaced him as president of both the PSOE and the UGT. During the 1923–1930 dictatorship of [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]], [[Corporatism|corporatist]] PSOE and UGT elements were willing to engage in limited collaboration with the regime, against the political stance defended by other socialists such as [[Indalecio Prieto]] and [[Fernando de los Ríos]], who instead advocated a closer collaboration with [[Republicanism in Spain|republican]] forces.{{sfn|Egido León|2011|pp=29–30}} The last years of the dictatorship saw a divergence emerge among the corporatist which was personified by [[Francisco Largo Caballero]], who began to endorse the rapport with bourgeois republicans; and Julián Besteiro, who continued to show great distrust towards them.{{sfn|Juliá|1983|p=44}} Besteiro's refusal to participate in the Revolutionary Committee led to his resignation as president both of the party and the trade union in February 1931.{{sfn|Heywood|2002|p=117}} He was replaced as president of the party by [[Remigio Cabello]].{{sfn|Heywood|2002|p=119}}

In 2001, a new general secretary, [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]], was elected, replacing Felipe González, and renewing the party. Later, the PSOE won the municipal elections of 2003.

=== Second Republic and Civil War (1931–1939) ===

In 2004, the PSOE won the [[Spanish legislative election, 2004|Spanish legislative elections]] with almost 43% of the votes, following the [[11-M]] [[terrorist]] attacks.

[[File:Nuevo gobierno republicano, Agence Meurisse, BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|The PSOE entered the provisional government of the Second Republic in 1931 with [[Indalecio Prieto]], [[Fernando de los Ríos]] and Largo Caballero as ministers|300x300px]]

After the proclamation of the [[Second Spanish Republic]] on 14 April 1931, three PSOE members were included in the cabinet of the [[Provisional Government of the Second Spanish Republic|provisional government]], namely [[Indalecio Prieto]] (Finance), [[Fernando de los Ríos]] (Education) and [[Francisco Largo Caballero]] (Labour). The socialist presence remained in the rest of cabinets of the [[First Biennium|Social-Azañist Biennium]] (1931–1933).

After the [[1933 Spanish general election|November 1933 general election]] which marked a win for the centre-right forces in a climate of increasing polarization and growing unemployment, along with a desire to make amends for the mistake of not having sided with the republicans in the election against the united right, Largo Caballero adopted a [[revolutionary]] rhetoric, calling for violent revolution and a transitionary [[dictatorship of the proletariat]].{{sfn|Preston|1978|pp=94–95}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archivo - Fundación Pablo Iglesias - ElSocialista Hemeroteca|url=http://archivo.fpabloiglesias.es/index.php?r=hemeroteca/ElSocialista&HemerotecaDAO%5Bpublication%5D=&HemerotecaDAO%5Bday%5D=15&HemerotecaDAO%5Bmonth%5D=11&HemerotecaDAO%5Byear%5D=1933&yt0=|access-date=2020-08-12|website=archivo.fpabloiglesias.es}}</ref> Indalecio Prieto had also participated in the increasingly aggressive rhetoric, having already condemned the heavy-hand repression of the December 1933 largely anarchist uprising by the government, that has been cheered on by the [[CEDA]] leaders on parliament.{{sfn|Preston|1978|p=101}} The [[Socialist Youth of Spain]] (JSE) also engaged into a shrilling revolutionary rhetoric while Besteiro firmly opposed the insurrectionary drift of the militancy.{{sfn|Preston|1978|pp=102–105}}

PSOE maintains good connections with those Spanish artists and intellectuals who enjoyed the [[Spanish transition to democracy]].

The party has received different degrees of support from people like [[Antonio Banderas]].

[[File:Arrested workers during the Asturian Revolution, 1934.jpg|thumb|left|Workers arrested by [[Civil Guard (Spain)|civil guards]] and [[Cuerpo de Seguridad y Asalto|assault guards]] during the [[Asturian miners' strike of 1934|1934 Asturian revolutionary strike]]|300x300px]]

==Glossary of PSOE terms==

The formation of a new cabinet that included CEDA ministers in October 1934 was perceived among the left as a [[Counter-revolutionary|reaction]],{{Sfn|Gil Pecharromán|2015|p=14}} with the CEDA party being indistinguishable from contemporary [[fascism]] to most workers{{sfn|Preston|1978|p=100}} while CEDA leader [[José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones|Gil-Robles]] had advocated the establishment of a corporative state already in the 1933 electoral campaign.{{sfn|Preston|1978|pp=92–93}} The UGT called for a nationwide general strike for 5 October which developed into a full-blown insurrection (the [[Revolution of 1934]]) in the mining region of Asturias which was vocally supported by socialists such as Largo Caballero and Prieto. After the end of the revolt, whose repression was entrusted to generals [[Francisco Franco]] and [[Manuel Goded Llopis|Manuel Goded]], most PSOE and UGT leaders were jailed.{{sfn|Preston|1978|pp=129; 132–132}}

* '''[[Baron]]'''. The regional leaders. They can be very powerful, especially if they run an autonomous community. There have been conflicts between barons and the central directorate. Some barons are [[Pasqual Maragall]] (Catalonia), [[José Luis Ibarra]] (Extremadura), [[Manuel Chaves]] (Andalusia). ([[Enrique Barón]] was a PSOE minister for Industry, the surname is a coincidence). The term baron is more colloquial than official, representing the great power than these persons have in the party.

* '''''Compañero''''' ("companion"). A term of address among Socialists, similar to the communist [[comrade]]. After the social-democratization, it is out of vogue and only used during campaigns or by the most leftist socialists.

* '''Currents'''. There have been several internal groups within PSOE, based on personal or ideological affinities. Some of them have ended with separation from the PSOE. The failed trial of [[primary election]]s for PSOE candidates was an attempt to conciliate currents. Examples of currents are "Guerristas" (followers of [[Alfonso Guerra]]), "Renovadores" (renewers, right-wing of the Party) or Izquierda Socialista (Socialist Left).

[[File:Gobfrlargcabsept1936.jpg|thumb|Francisco Largo Caballero chairing a meeting of the Council of Ministers during wartime|300x300px]]

See also: [[Politics of Spain]], [[PASOC]], [[Flick]], [[Hotel Crillon]]

A growing rift between Prieto and Largo Caballero (with disparate views of politics, albeit sharing a general pragmatist approach) formed in 1935 while Besteiro's hold on the party diminished significantly.{{sfn|Preston|1978|p=133}} Followers of Indalecio Prieto would ultimately become "estranged from the party left".{{Sfn|Graham|1988|p=177}} The PSOE formed part of the broad left-wing [[Popular Front (Spain)|Popular Front]] electoral coalition that stood for election in the [[1936 Spanish general election]] and achieved a victory in seats over the right.

In September 1936, a few months into the [[Spanish Civil War]] (which lasted until 1939), a cabinet presided over by Largo Caballero was formed (he also held the functions of Minister of War). In November, Largo Caballero succeeded in bringing some [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]] members into his government. The left socialist ''caballeristas'' were revolutionary in rhetoric, although in reality they proposed moderate reformist policies while in government.{{sfn|Graham|1988|p=177}} The [[May Days]] of 1937 in Barcelona destabilised the government which was replaced by a new cabinet led by [[Juan Negrín]], another socialist.

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=== Clandestinity and exile (1939–1974) ===

[[Category:Social Democratic Parties]]

[[File:Het congres van de SAI te Amsterdam Dhr Lopis namens de Spaanse socialisten, Bestanddeelnr 915-5132.jpg|thumb|[[Rodolfo Llopis]] led the PSOE in exile for nearly three decades|300x300px]]

[[Category:Spanish political parties]]

With the PSOE reduced to clandestinity during the [[Francoist dictatorship]], its members were persecuted, with many leaders, members and supporters being imprisoned or exiled and even executed. Prime Minister Negrín fled to France in March 1939 after the final collapse of the Republican front and his fall from office.{{sfn|Beevor|2006|p=393}} The aging and ill Julián Besteiro, who preferred to stay in Spain over exile, died in a Francoist prison in 1940. [[Julián Zugazagoitia]], government minister in 1937–1938, was captured in exile by the [[Gestapo]], handed over to Spain and executed in 1940. The party was legalised again only in 1977 during the [[Spanish transition to democracy]].

Disputes between the followers of Indalecio Prieto (who had exiled to Mexico) and Juan Negrín over the political strategy of the [[Spanish Republican government in exile|Republican government in exile]] soon arose. Negrín, whose 1937–1939 spell at the government in wartime was seen negatively by large elements of both ''caballerista'' and ''prietista'' extraction, had become vilified.{{sfn|Hoyos Puente|2016|pp=316–317}} The party was re-organized along new lines in 1944 in the 1st Congress in Exile that took place in [[Toulouse]] and in which [[Rodolfo Llopis]] became the party's new secretary-general.{{sfn|Hoyos Puente|2016|p=318}}

The PSOE congresses in exile during the post-war period were marked by strong [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] positions as a reflection of how the exiles remembered the last events of the Civil War (which featured bitter strifes with the communists) and in line with the stance of other parties of the [[Socialist International]] during the [[Cold War]], neglecting any kind of rapprochement with the [[Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE).{{sfn|Bueno Aguado|2016|pp=334–335}} The relative void left in Spain by the PSOE, with a Toulouse-based direction lacking in dynamism and innovation, was filled by the PCE and other new clandestine organizations such as the [[Agrupación Socialista Universitaria]] (ASU), the [[Popular Liberation Front (Spain)|Popular Liberation Front]] (FELIPE) or later the [[Enrique Tierno Galván]]'s [[People's Socialist Party (Spain)#History|Socialist Party of the Interior]].{{Sfn|Bueno Aguado|2016|pp=335–336}} The Toulouse executive board became increasingly detached from the party in Spain in the 1960s an insurmountable chasm between the former and the party in the interior was already defined by 1972.{{sfn|Heywood|1987|pp=198–199}}

=== Return to democracy ===

==== González leadership (1974–1996) ====

[[File:Spaanse verkiezingen Felipe Gonzalez (PSOE) tijdens bijeenkomst, Bestanddeelnr 929-2260 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Felipe González]] during a speech in 1977|410x410px]]

The 25th party congress was held in [[Toulouse]] in August 1972. In 1974, [[Felipe González]] was elected Secretary-General at the 26th party congress in [[Suresnes]], replacing Llopis. González was from the reform wing of the party and his victory signaled a defeat for the historic and veteran wing of the party. The direction of the PSOE shifted from the exiles to the young people in Spain who had not fought the war.<ref name=History/> Llopis led a schism to form the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historic)]]. González showed intentions to move the party away from its Marxist and socialist background, turning the PSOE into a social democratic party, similar to those of the rest of western Europe. In 1977, the PSOE became the unofficial [[Opposition (parliamentary)|opposition]] leading party with 29.2% of the vote and 118 seats in the [[Cortes Generales]] (which until then it had been the PCE, leading more aggressively among a larger representation of underground parties since the last free popular vote during the Civil War on Republican territory). Their standing was further boosted in 1978 when the [[Popular Socialist Party (Spain)|Popular Socialist Party]] agreed to merge into the PSOE.

At the 27th party congress in May 1979, González resigned because the party would not abandon its Marxist character. In September of that year, the extraordinary 28th congress was called in which González was re-elected when the party agreed to move away from Marxism. Western European social democratic parties supported González's stand and the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] granted them money. PSOE party symbol was changed from the anvil with the book to the social democratic [[fist and rose]] created in the French [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]], redrawn for the PSOE by [[José María Cruz Novillo]]. In the [[1978 Spanish constitutional referendum]], the PSOE supported the [[Spanish Constitution of 1978|Spanish constitution]] which was approved. In the [[1979 Spanish general election]], the PSOE gained 30.5% of the vote and 121 seats, remaining the main opposition party. In the [[1982 Spanish general election]], the PSOE was victorious with 48.1% of the vote (10,127,392 total). González became [[Prime Minister of Spain]] on 2 December, a position he held until May 1996.

Although the party had opposed [[NATO]], most party leaders supported keeping Spain inside the organisation after reaching the government. The González administration organised a referendum on the question in 1986, calling for a favourable vote, and won. The administration was criticised for avoiding the official names of ''North Atlantic Treaty Organisation'' and ''NATO'', using the unofficial ''Atlantic Alliance'' terms. A symbol of this U-turn is [[Javier Solana]] who campaigned against NATO but ended up years later as its Secretary General. The PSOE supported the United States in the [[Gulf War]] (1991). PSOE won the 1986, 1989 and 1993 general elections. Under the Gonzalez administration, public expenditure on education, health, and pensions rose in total by 4.1 points of the country's GDP between 1982 and 1992.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qd7enfJ_PMUC&pg=PA183 |title=Regimes, Politics, and Markets: Democratization and Economic Change in Southern and Eastern Europe |first=José María |last=Maravall Herrero |access-date=9 February 2014 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1997 |page=183 |isbn=9780198280835 |translator-first=Justin |translator-last=Byrne |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502222226/https://books.google.com/books?id=qd7enfJ_PMUC&pg=PA183 |archive-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Economic crisis and [[state terrorism]] ([[Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación|GAL]]) against the violent separatist group [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] eroded the popularity of González. In the [[1996 Spanish general election]], the PSOE lost to the conservative [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) (PP). Between 1996 and 2001, the PSOE weathered a crisis, with Gonzalez resigning in 1997. The PSOE suffered a heavy defeat in the [[2000 Spanish general election]], with 34.7% of the popular vote. However, the PSOE remained as the ruling party in the [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous communities]] of [[Andalusia]], [[Asturias]], [[Castilla-La Mancha]] and [[Extremadura]].

==== Zapatero and Rubalcaba leadership (2000–2014) ====

{{Main|Governments of Rodríguez Zapatero}}

In 2000, [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] was elected as the new [[Secretary (title)#Secretary-general|Secretary-General]], reforming the party. Later, the PSOE won the [[2003 Spanish local elections]]. The PSOE strongly opposed the [[Iraq War]] which was supported by the [[Second government of José María Aznar|Aznar government]].

[[File:Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero at the Progressive Governance Conference 2010.jpg|thumb|left|[[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] during the 2010 Progressive Governance Conference|250x250px]]

In the [[2003 Catalan regional election]], the PSOE's [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]] (PSC) increased its vote total, but ended up in second place after [[Convergence and Union]]. After a period of negotiations, the party formed a pact with the [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens]], the [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] and the [[United and Alternative Left]], governing Catalonia until 2010.

In the [[2004 Spanish general election]], the PSOE won with almost 43% of the votes following the [[2004 Madrid train bombings|11M]] terrorist (11 March) attacks. It was alleged by PP that the PSOE, with the help of the national newspaper ''[[El País]]'', did not observe the "reflection journey" which forbade political parties from trying to sway public opinion (forbidden by Spanish law), calling the opposing political party "assassins" and blaming the terrorist attack on them. The PSOE maintained their lead in the [[2004 European Parliament election in Spain|2004 European Parliament election]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/15/opinion/1079305201_850215.html|title=Editorial &#124; Vuelco electoral|newspaper=El País|date=15 March 2004|via=elpais.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiestro.es/2019/03/trece-anos-despues-del-11m-y-sigue-la-version-oficial-verdad-memoria-dignidad-justicia/|title=#RecordandoEl11M - Trece años después del 11M y sigue... la "versión oficial"|first=Antonio de la|last=Torre|date=10 March 2019}}</ref>

In 2005, the PSOE called for a yes vote on the [[Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe|European Constitution]]. The PSOE also favoured the negotiations between the government and the ETA during the 2006 cease-fire which had a ''de facto'' end with the [[Madrid–Barajas Airport]] [[2006 Madrid–Barajas Airport bombing|terrorist attack]]. In the [[2008 Spanish general election]], the PSOE won again, with Zapatero remaining prime minister. The PSOE increased their share of seats in the [[Congress of Deputies]] from 164 to 169 after the latest election.

[[File:Congrès de Séville du PSOE.jpg|thumb|PSOE leading figures during the [[38th Federal Congress of the PSOE]] in which [[Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba]] (centre) was elected as Secretary-General|300x300px]]

After waning popularity throughout their second term, mainly due to their handling of the worsening economic climate in Spain in the aftermath of the [[2008 financial crisis]], the PSOE was defeated in the [[2011 Spanish general election]] by the conservative People's Party.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Shortly after, an [[38th Federal Congress of the PSOE|extraordinary congress]] was held in which [[Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba]], former Deputy to Zapatero and Minister of the Interior, was elected Secretary-General defeating [[Carme Chacón]], the other candidate, who stood for the Zapatero platform. This victory caused huge internal divisions and weakened the party's external image.

In 2013, the PSOE held a political conference which introduced a completely new platform, widely seen as a move to the left in an attempt to regain votes from parties such as the [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]], whose popularity rose steadily due to the general discontent with the two-party system and spending cuts. That platform was the basis for the [[2014 European Parliament election in Spain|2014 European Parliament election]] manifesto, promoted as a solid alternative to the conservative plan for Europe. The expectations inside the party which chose [[Elena Valenciano]] as their election candidate were optimistic, but the PSOE suffered another defeat due to the appearance of new parties such as [[Podemos (Spanish political party)|Podemos]] which managed to gain the support of left-wing voters, with PSOE winning 14 seats. Shortly thereafter, Rubalcaba resigned as Secretary-General and an [[2014 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE|Extraordinary Congress]] was convoked.

==== Sánchez leadership (2014–present) ====

[[2014 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE|This party congress]] was the first to use a [[Partisan primary|primary election]] system with three candidates, namely [[Pedro Sánchez]], [[Eduardo Madina]] and [[José Antonio Pérez Tapias]]. Sánchez was elected with 49% of the vote of the affiliates and therefore became Secretary-General on 27 July 2014.

In the [[2015 Spanish municipal elections]], the PSOE won 25% of the vote, one of its worst results since the restoration of democracy. Together with the fall of the People's Party which won 27% of votes, it meant the end of the two-party system in Spain in favor of new parties. The PSOE alone lost 943 councilors. The [[2015 Spanish general election]] produced a [[hung parliament]] broken into four major parties. Due to the large increase of parties such as Podemos (left) and [[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Citizens]] (centre-right), the PSOE got about 20% of the vote, its worst result since democracy was restored. The parliament was so fragmented that no government could be formed and six months later new elections were held. The [[2016 Spanish general election]] resulted in the PSOE losing a further five seats despite gaining 0.6% of the vote (still the party's second-worst popular vote total after 2015 since the restoration of democracy), leaving the party with 85 seats in the parliament, their lowest total since the restoration of democracy and the fewest since the [[1933 Spanish general election|1933]] in [[Second Spanish Republic|Republican Spain]] left the party with 59 seats in the 473-member parliament.

[[File:Pedro-Sanchez-primarias-PSOE-Internacional EDIIMA20170522 0010 19.jpg|thumb|[[Pedro Sánchez]] (who led the party through its [[2016 PSOE crisis|crisis in 2016]]) singing ''[[The Internationale]]'' after winning the 2017 primary election for Secretary-General|300x300px]]

With the exception of the [[2015 Andalusian regional election]], elections held during the early leadership of Sánchez were losses for the PSOE. In addition, the policy of pacts conducted by Sánchez after the 2016 general election, based on Sánchez's outright refusal to facilitate a People's Party government, caused a faction within the party critical of Sánchez to gain momentum, led by President of [[Andalusia]] [[Susana Díaz]]. On 28 September 2016, the Secretary of Federal Policy Antonio Pradas went to the party's headquarters and presented the ''en bloc'' resignation of 17 members of the Federal Executive and the demands of those who resigned for the party to be run by an interim manager and to pressure Sánchez to resign as secretary-general. The Executive later lost two more members in the ''en bloc'' resignation, bringing the total number of resignations to 19. Resigning executives included the president of the party [[Micaela Navarro]], the former Minister [[Carme Chacón]], the President of [[Valencia]] [[Ximo Puig]] and the President of [[Castilla–La Mancha]] [[Emiliano García-Page]]. This launched the [[2016 PSOE crisis]]. On the afternoon of 1 October 2016, after holding a tense Federal Committee meeting, Sánchez resigned as party General-Secretary, forcing an [[2017 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party leadership election|extraordinary party congress]] to choose a new General-Secretary. That night, it was reported that an interim manager would be chosen, later confirmed to be the President of [[Asturias]] [[Javier Fernández Fernández]]. Sánchez announced his intention to run for General-Secretary of the party as did Susana Díaz (one of the leaders of the anti-Sánchez faction of the party) and [[Patxi López]], former President of the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Autonomous Community]]. At the 39th federal congress in June 2017, Díaz received 48.3% of endorsements, outpacing both Sánchez (43.0% of endorsements) and López (8.7% of endorsements), but Sánchez won an absolute majority of the party's popular vote at 50.3% (Díaz received 39.9% and López 9.8%). Both Díaz and López withdrew before the delegate vote, returning Sánchez as the General-Secretary and ending the crisis. Sánchez won every region of Spain except for the home regions of López and Díaz.

In mid-2018, the [[Spanish National Court|National Court]] found that the conservative People's Party profited from the illegal kickbacks-for-contracts scheme of the [[Gürtel case]], confirming the existence of an illegal accounting and financing structure that ran in parallel with the party's official one since 1989 and that sentenced that the PP helped to establish "a genuine and effective system of institutional corruption through the manipulation of central, autonomous and local public procurement". The PSOE Parliamentary Group in the Congress of Deputies filed a [[2018 vote of no confidence in the government of Mariano Rajoy|motion of no confidence]] against the government of Prime Minister [[Mariano Rajoy]], presenting Sánchez as alternative candidate. The PSOE's motion passed with the support of [[Unidos Podemos]] (UP), [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (ERC), [[Catalan European Democratic Party]] (PDeCAT), [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (PNV), [[Coalició Compromís]], [[EH Bildu]] and [[New Canaries]] (NCa), bringing down the Rajoy government. The PP voted against the proposal, joined by [[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Citizens]] (C's), the [[Navarrese People's Union]] (UPN) and the [[Asturias Forum]] (FAC). The [[Canarian Coalition]] (CC) abstained. Following the successful motion of no confidence, Sánchez became prime minister on 2 June 2018 in a minority government. In December 2018, the PSOE's [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia|branch in Andalusia]] was defeated in the [[2018 Andalusian regional election]] for the first time since the restoration of democracy, with a centre-right coalition of PP, C's and the resurgent [[right-wing nationalists]] [[Vox (political party)|Vox]] taking power in the region.

For most of his first term as prime minister, Sánchez relied on support from the UP and the NC to get his agenda passed, occasionally being forced into negotiating with the Catalan separatist parties the ERC and the PDeCAT and the PNV on individual issues. In February 2019, the ERC, the PDeCAT and [[En Marea]] withdrew their support of Sánchez's government by voting against and helping defeat the 2019 [[General State Budget]] and Sánchez called an early election for 28 April 2019. The [[April 2019 Spanish general election]] resulted in victory for the PSOE, with the party winning 123 seats on 28.7% of the vote in the Cortes and an absolute majority of 139 in the Senate, gains of 38 and 79 seats respectively. The PSOE also finished eight percentage points ahead of the PP which finished second in both seats and in the popular vote. At election night, party supporters demanded Sánchez to reject any coalition with Cs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/04/29/inenglish/1556524692_006377.html|title=Spanish election results: What do the possible governing deals look like?|date=29 April 2019|work=El País|access-date=29 April 2019|issn=1134-6582|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429101604/https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/04/29/inenglish/1556524692_006377.html|archive-date=29 April 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On the same day as the April 2019 general election, the [[2019 Valencian regional election]] resulted in the [[Socialist Party of the Valencian Country|Valencian branch of the PSOE]] being re-elected in coalition with the [[Valencianism|Valencianist]] party [[Coalició Compromís|Compromís]] and UP.

On 26 May 2019, the PSOE became the largest Spanish party in the [[European Parliament]] following the [[2019 European Parliament election in Spain|2019 European Parliament election]]. The PSOE gained six seats to bring their total to 20 and won all but eight provinces in the country. 26 May also saw [[2019 Spanish regional elections|regional elections]] for every region in the country except Valencia, Catalonia, Andalusia, the Basque Country and Galicia. In every region, the PSOE gained seats and votes from the 2015 regional elections. The PSOE finished first in terms of votes and seats in every region except for [[2019 Cantabrian regional election|Cantabria]], where the [[Regionalist Party of Cantabria]] (PRC) finished first and the PSOE third behind the PP; and [[2019 Navarrese regional election|Navarra]], where the conservative regionalist [[Navarra Suma|NA+]] finished first and the [[Socialist Party of Navarre]] finished second. PSOE governments were re-elected in [[2019 Castilian-Manchegan regional election|Castilla-La Mancha]] and [[2019 Extremaduran regional election|Extremadura]], with the party receiving an absolute majority of seats in both regions. The party took over the Presidency of the [[2019 Canarian regional election|Canary Islands]] with the support of [[New Canaries]] and [[Podemos (Spanish political party)|Podemos]], ending 26 years of [[Canarian Coalition]] government. On the same date, the PSOE became the largest party in the [[List of municipalities of Spain|municipalities]] following the [[2019 Spanish local elections|local elections]].

Following months of political deadlock, Sánchez called a second general election in seven months. In the [[November 2019 Spanish general election]], the PSOE lost only three members of parliament and 0.7% of the popular vote in the election, but the PP and VOX gained 23 and 28 seats respectively, further worsening the deadlock. As of 23 December, there was still no government in place, although members of PSOE, PSC and UP have voted overwhelmingly to join in a coalition government, agreed to by Sánchez and UP Secretary-General [[Pablo Iglesias Turrión]]. On 5 January 2020, the PSOE–UP government failed its first investiture vote, with 166 votes in favor and 165 opposed with 18 abstentions and one UP parliamentarian absent, therefore the government fell short of an absolute majority. On 7 January, the investiture motion, this time requiring only a [[Majority|simple majority]], passed with 167 votes in favour and 165 against. PSOE, UP, [[En Comú Podem]], [[Grupo Común da Esquerda]], PNV, [[Más País]], Compromís, NCa, the [[Galician Nationalist Bloc]] (BNG) and [[Teruel Existe]] (TE) voted in favor of the government, with PP, Vox, Cs, [[Together for Catalonia (2017)|Together for Catalonia]] (JxCat), the [[Popular Unity Candidacy]] (CUP), NA+, CC, PRC and FAC voting against while ERC and EH Bildu both abstained.

In 2021, PSOE started a [[podcast]] called ''Donde hay partido''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Digital|first=Confidencial|date=2021-09-08|title=El PSOE apuesta por los pódcast|url=https://www.elconfidencialdigital.com/articulo/el_chau-chau/psoe-apuesta-podcast/20210907193848273441.html|access-date=2022-01-31|website=Confidencial Digital|language=es}}</ref>

== Ideology ==

=== From Marxism to social democracy ===

[[File:Pablo Iglesias, de Compañy.jpg|thumb|Pablo Iglesias founded the party in 1879|255x255px]]

The PSOE was founded with the purpose of representing and defending the interests of the [[proletariat]] formed during the [[Industrial Revolution]] in the 19th century.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} In its beginnings, the PSOE's main objective was the defense of worker's rights and the achievement of the ideals of [[socialism]], emerging from contemporary philosophy and [[Marxist]] politics, by securing [[Power (social and political)|political power]] for the [[working class]] and establishing a [[dictatorship of the proletariat]] in order to achieve social ownership of the [[means of production]]. The ideology of the PSOE has evolved throughout the 20th century according to relevant historical events and the evolution of Spanish society.

In 1979, the party abandoned its definitive Marxist thesis at the hands of its Secretary-General [[Felipe González]], not before overcoming great tensions and two party congresses, the first of which preferred to maintain Marxism. Before this situation, notable internal leaders such as {{Interlanguage link|Pablo Castellano|es}} and {{Interlanguage link|Luis Gómez Llorente|es}} founded the internal faction of Left Socialists which included the militants who would not renounce Marxism. This allowed for the consolidation of the leftist forces in the PSOE. From this moment, the diverse events both outside and within the party led to projects that resembled those of other European [[Social democracy|social democratic]] parties and acceptance of the defence of the market economy. The [[democratic socialist]] faction has been especially critical of the party's [[Third Way]] move to the centre starting in the 1980s for its [[Economic liberalism|economic liberal]] nature, denouncing the policies of [[deregulation]], cuts in social benefits, and [[Privatization|privatisations]].

The PSOE defines itself as social democratic, [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] and [[Progressivism|progressive]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=PSOE officiel website|title=Somos La Izquierda - El PSOE presenta el lema de su 39º Congreso Federal|language=es|trans-title=We are the left - the PSOE presents its motto of the 39th Federal Congress|url=https://www.psoe.es/actualidad/noticias-actualidad/somos-la-izquierda/|access-date=2021-02-04|website=www.psoe.es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=PSOE official website|date=2015-07-01|title=Conócenos - Comisión Ejecutiva Federal|language=es|trans-title=Know us Federal Executive Congress|url=https://www.psoe.es/conocenos/comision-ejecutiva-federal/|access-date=2021-02-04|website=www.psoe.es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|last=Share|first=Donald|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Spanish-Socialist-Workers-Party|date=23 July 2023|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}} Updated as required.</ref> It is grouped with other self-styled socialists, social democrats and labour parties in the [[Party of European Socialists]], and supports [[pro-Europeanism]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jiménez|first1=Antonia M. Ruiz|last2=Haro|first2=Alfonso Egea de|date=2011-03-01|title=Spain: Euroscepticism in a Pro-European Country?|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13608741003594379|journal=South European Society and Politics|volume=16|issue=1|pages=105–131|doi=10.1080/13608741003594379|s2cid=154858489|issn=1360-8746|url-access=subscription}}</ref> During his shift to the left in 2017, party leader [[Pedro Sánchez]] stood for a refoundation of social democracy in order to transition to a [[Post-capitalism|post-capitalist]] society and end [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] capitalism<ref>{{cite web|last1=Castro|first1=Irene|last2=Carreño|first2=Belén|date=20 February 2017|url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/Postcapitalismo-militancia-izquierda-Pedro-Sanchez_0_614539290.html|title=Pedro Sánchez gira a la izquierda y elige al neoliberalismo como gran enemigo del PSOE|website=Eldiario.es|language=es|access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref> as well as for the indissoluble link between social democracy and Europe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2019/02/20/actualidad/1550693890_133147.html|title=La ideología de Pedro Sánchez|last=Estefanía|first=Joaquín|date=21 February 2019|work=El País|access-date=14 January 2020|language=es|issn=1134-6582}}</ref>

=== Federalism ===

During the [[Second Spanish Republic]], the structure of the state was still open within the party, with two differing views, namely a [[Centralisation|centralist]] view as well as a [[Federalism|federal]] one competing against one another.{{sfn|Molina Jiménez|2013|p=259}} The later years of the [[Francoist Spain|Francoist dictatorship]] saw a period in which the PSOE defended the right to "self-determination of the peoples of Spain", as a reflection of a newer ideological and a [[Pragmatism|pragmatist]] approach of the party.{{sfn|Quiroga Fernández de Soto|2008|p=100}} Ultimately, the party, while sticking to its preference for a federal system, gradually ceased to mention the notion of [[self-determination]] during the [[Spanish transition to democracy]].{{sfn|Quiroga Fernández de Soto|2008|p=101}} Ideas in support of to the independence of the [[Autonomous administrative division|autonomous territories]] of [[Catalonia]], the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]] and [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], have been adopted by some elements of the party, while the others in the PSOE are heavily critical of said notions, because, as they see it, the principle of territorial equality among the autonomous communities would be under threat if the autonomous territories became [[Independence|independent]].{{sfn|Quiroga Fernández de Soto|2008|p=108}}

== Electoral performance ==

=== Restoration Cortes ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"

|-

| colspan="6" align="center" | [[Cortes Generales#Restoration (1874–1930)|Restoration Cortes]]

|-

! style="width:75px;" | Election

! Leading candidate

! Candidature

!Congress

!Senate

! {{abbr|Gov.|Government}}

|-

! [[1907 Spanish general election|1907]]

| rowspan="8" style="text-align:left;" | [[Pablo Iglesias Posse]]

|

| {{Composition bar|0|404|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{Composition bar|0|180|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| style="text-align:center;" | —

|-

! [[1910 Spanish general election|1910]]

| style="text-align:center;" | Within [[Republican–Socialist Conjunction|CRS]]

| {{Composition bar|1|404|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{Composition bar|0|180|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[1914 Spanish general election|1914]]

| style="text-align:center;" | Within [[Republican–Socialist Conjunction|CRS]]

| {{Composition bar|1|408|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{Composition bar|0|180|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[1916 Spanish general election|1916]]

| style="text-align:center;" | Within [[Republican–Socialist Conjunction|CRS]]

| {{Composition bar|1|409|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{Composition bar|0|180|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[1918 Spanish general election|1918]]

| style="text-align:center;" | Within [[Alliance of the Left|AI]]

| {{Composition bar|6|409|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{Composition bar|0|180|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[1919 Spanish general election|1919]]

| style="text-align:center;" | Within [[Republican–Socialist Conjunction|CRS]]

| {{Composition bar|6|409|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{Composition bar|0|180|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[1920 Spanish general election|1920]]

|

| {{Composition bar|4|409|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{Composition bar|0|180|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[1923 Spanish general election|1923]]

|

| {{Composition bar|7|409|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{Composition bar|0|180|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|}

=== Republican Cortes ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"

|-

| colspan="5" align="center" | [[Cortes Generales#Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)|Republican Cortes]]

|-

! style="width:75px;" | Election

! Leading candidate

! Candidature

!Seats

! {{abbr|Gov.|Government}}

|-

! rowspan="2" | [[1931 Spanish general election|1931]]

| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | [[Francisco Largo Caballero]]

| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Within [[Republican–Socialist Conjunction|CRS]]

| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|116|470|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{ya}}{{efn|1931–1933.}}

|-

| {{na}}{{efn|1933.}}

|-

! [[1933 Spanish general election|1933]]

|

| {{Composition bar|59|473|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! rowspan="2"| [[1936 Spanish general election|1936]]

| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"| [[Indalecio Prieto]]

| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Within [[Popular Front (Spain)|FP]]

| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|99|473|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}{{efn|1936.}}

|-

| {{ya}}{{efn|1936–1939.}}

|}

=== Cortes Generales ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"

|-

| colspan="9" align="center"| [[Cortes Generales]]

|-

! rowspan="2" style="width:75px;"| Election

! rowspan="2"| Leading candidate

! colspan="3"| Congress

! colspan="3"| Senate

! rowspan="2"| {{abbr|Gov.|Government}}

|-

! style="width:70px;"| Votes

! style="width:60px;"| %

! Seats

! style="width:70px;"| Votes

! style="width:60px;"| %

! Seats

|-

! [[1977 Spanish general election|1977]]

| rowspan="7" style="text-align:left;"| [[Felipe González]]

| 5,371,866

| 29.3 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|118|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 5,714,036

| 11.0 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|35|207|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[1979 Spanish general election|1979]]

| 5,469,813

| 30.4 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|121|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 12,762,128

| 25.4 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|60|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[1982 Spanish general election|1982]]

| 10,127,392

| 48.1 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|202|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 27,954,856

| 47.6 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|134|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{ya}}

|-

! [[1986 Spanish general election|1986]]

| 8,901,718

| 44.1 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|184|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 24,719,863

| 44.5 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|124|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{ya}}

|-

! [[1989 Spanish general election|1989]]

| 8,115,568

| 39.6 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|175|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 22,272,484

| 40.1 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|107|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{ya}}

|-

! [[1993 Spanish general election|1993]]

| 9,150,083

| 38.8 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|159|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 25,441,605

| 39.0 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|96|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{ya}}

|-

! [[1996 Spanish general election|1996]]

| 9,425,678

| 37.6 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|141|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 25,865,206

| 37.7 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|81|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[2000 Spanish general election|2000]]

| style="text-align:left;"| [[Joaquín Almunia]]

| 7,918,752

| 34.2 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|125|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 16,323,744

| 26.3 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|53|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[2004 Spanish general election|2004]]

| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"| [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]]

| 11,026,163

| 42.6 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|164|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 25,666,070

| 36.5 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|81|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{ya}}

|-

! [[2008 Spanish general election|2008]]

| 11,289,335

| 43.9 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|169|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 25,965,221

| 37.2 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|86|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{ya}}

|-

! [[2011 Spanish general election|2011]]

| style="text-align:left;"| [[Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba]]

| 7,003,511

| 28.8 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|110|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 16,469,470

| 26.0 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|48|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}

|-

! [[2015 Spanish general election|2015]]

| rowspan="6" style="text-align:left;"| [[Pedro Sánchez]]

| 5,545,315

| 22.0 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|90|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 14,887,751

| 22.4 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|47|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| style="text-align:center;"| —

|-

! rowspan="2"| [[2016 Spanish general election|2016]]

| rowspan="2"| 5,443,846

| rowspan="2"| 22.6 (#2)

| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|85|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| rowspan="2"| 15,354,929

| rowspan="2"| 23.6 (#2)

| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|43|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{na}}{{efn|2016–2018.}}

|-

| {{ya}}{{efn|2018–2019.}}

|-

! [[April 2019 Spanish general election|Apr. 2019]]

| 7,513,142

| 28.7 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|123|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 21,058,377

| 29.3 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|123|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| style="text-align:center;"| —

|-

! [[November 2019 Spanish general election|Nov. 2019]]

| 6,792,199

| 28.0 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|120|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 19,481,846

| 30.6 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|93|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{ya}}

|-

! [[2023 Spanish general election|2023]]

| 7,821,718

| 31.7 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|121|350|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| 21,970,469

| 32.2 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|72|208|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| {{ya}}

|}

=== European Parliament ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"

|-

| colspan="6" align="center"| [[European Parliament]]

|-

! style="width:75px;"| Election

! Leading candidate

! style="width:70px;"| Votes

! style="width:60px;"| %

! Seats

! EP Group

|-

! [[1987 European Parliament election in Spain|1987]]

| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;"| [[Fernando Morán (politician)|Fernando Morán]]

| 7,522,706

| 39.1 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|28|60|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Group of the Party of European Socialists|SOC]]

|-

! [[1989 European Parliament election in Spain|1989]]

| 6,275,552

| 39.6 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|27|60|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

|-

! [[1994 European Parliament election in Spain|1994]]

| 5,719,707

| 30.8 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|22|64|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| [[Group of the Party of European Socialists|PES]]

|-

! [[1999 European Parliament election in Spain|1999]]

| style="text-align:left;"| [[Rosa Díez]]

| 7,477,823

| 35.3 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|24|64|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

|-

! [[2004 European Parliament election in Spain|2004]]

| style="text-align:left;"| [[Josep Borrell]]

| 6,741,112

| 43.5 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|25|54|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

|-

! [[2009 European Parliament election in Spain|2009]]

| style="text-align:left;"| [[Juan Fernando López Aguilar]]

| 6,141,784

| 38.8 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|23|54|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| [[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats|S&D]]

|-

! [[2014 European Parliament election in Spain|2014]]

| style="text-align:left;"| [[Elena Valenciano]]

| 3,614,232

| 23.0 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|14|54|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

|-

! [[2019 European Parliament election in Spain|2019]]

| style="text-align:left;"| [[Josep Borrell]]

| 7,369,789

| 32.9 (#'''1''')

| {{Composition bar|21|59|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

|-

! [[2024 European Parliament election in Spain|2024]]

| style="text-align:left;"| [[Teresa Ribera]]

| 5,290,945

| 30.2 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|20|61|hex={{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}}

|}

===Results timeline===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:80%; text-align:center"

! Year

! {{flagicon|Spain}}<br/>[[Spain|ES]]

! {{flagicon|European Union}}<br/>[[European Union|EU]]

! class="unsortable"|

! {{flagicon|Andalucía}}<br/>[[Andalusia|AN]]

! {{flagicon|Aragón}}<br/>[[Aragon|AR]]

! {{flagicon|Asturias}}<br/>[[Asturias|AS]]

! {{flagicon|Canarias}}<br/>[[Canary Islands|CN]]

! {{flagicon|Cantabria}}<br/>[[Cantabria|CB]]

! {{flagicon|Castilla-La Mancha}}<br/>[[Castilla–La Mancha|CM]]

! {{flagicon|Castilla y León}}<br/>[[Castile and León|CL]]

! {{flagicon|Cataluña}}<br/>[[Catalonia|CT]]

! {{flagicon|Ceuta}}<br/>[[Ceuta|CE]]

! {{flagicon|Extremadura}}<br/>[[Extremadura|EX]]

! {{flagicon|Galicia}}<br/>[[Galicia (Spain)|GL]]

! {{flagicon|Islas Baleares}}<br/>[[Balearic Islands|IB]]

! [[File:Flag of La Rioja (with coat of arms).svg|frameless|23x23px]]<br/>[[La Rioja|RI]]

! {{flagicon|Comunidad de Madrid}}<br/>[[Community of Madrid|MD]]

! {{flagicon|Melilla}}<br/>[[Melilla|ML]]

! {{flagicon|Región de Murcia}}<br/>[[Region of Murcia|MC]]

! {{flagicon|Navarra}}<br/>[[Navarre|NC]]

! {{flagicon|País Vasco}}<br/>[[Basque Country (autonomous community)|PV]]

! {{flagicon|Comunidad Valenciana}}<br/>[[Valencian Community|CV]]

|-

! 1977

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| 29.3

| rowspan="10"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="51"|

| rowspan="5"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="3"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="18"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="4"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="18"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="2"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="3"| ''N/A''

| rowspan="6"| ''N/A''

|-

! 1978

|-

! 1979

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 30.4

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 18.9

|-

! 1980

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| 22.4

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Herri Batasuna}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Amaiur (1979 coalition)}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| 14.2

|-

! 1981

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| 19.6

|-

! 1982

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] '''48.1'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| '''52.6'''

|-

! 1983

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| '''46.8'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| '''52.0'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| '''41.5'''

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| '''38.4'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| 46.7

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| '''44.4'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| 53.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| '''34.7'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| '''47.2'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| '''50.5'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| '''52.2'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] '''35.6'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| '''51.4'''

|-

! 1984

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 30.1

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 23.0

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 1985

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 28.7

|-

! 1986

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 44.1

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 47.0

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 22.0

|-

! 1987

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| 39.1

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 35.7

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 38.9

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 27.8

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 29.6

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 46.3

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 34.0

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 49.2

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Galician Coalition}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Party–Galicianist Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 32.5

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 39.6

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 38.4

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 43.7

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 27.7

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 41.3

|-

! 1988

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 29.8

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 1989

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 39.6

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 39.6

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 32.7

|-

! 1990

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 49.6

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Riojan Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 19.8

|-

! 1991

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 40.3

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 41.0

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 33.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 34.8

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 52.2

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 36.4

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] '''54.2'''

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 30.1

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 42.4

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 36.6

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 45.3

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 33.4

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 42.8

|-

! 1992

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Canarian Independent Groups}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 27.5

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Riojan Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Euskadiko Ezkerra}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 1993

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 38.8

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; border-top-style:hidden"|

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 23.7

| style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 1994

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 30.8

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 38.7

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 16.8

|-

! 1995

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 25.7

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 33.8

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 23.1

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 25.1

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 45.7

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 29.7

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 24.9

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| 13.1

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 43.9

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 24.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 34.1

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 29.7

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| '''19.9'''

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 31.9

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 20.9

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 34.0

|-

! 1996

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 37.6

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 44.1

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Progress and Future of Ceuta}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|United Ceuta}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Convergence of Democrats of Navarre}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 1997

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Andalusian Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; border-top-style:hidden"|

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 19.5

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; border-top-style:hidden"|

|-

! 1998

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 17.4

|-

! 1999

| rowspan="6" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 35.3

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 30.8

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 46.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 24.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 33.1

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 53.4

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 33.1

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] '''37.9'''

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 7.4

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 48.5

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 22.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 35.3

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 36.4

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 9.4

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 35.9

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 20.3

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 33.9

|-

! 2000

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 34.2

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 44.3

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Aragonese Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Socialist Party of Majorca}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Confederation of the Greens}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 2001

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Andalusian Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 21.8

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 17.8

|-

! 2002

|-

! rowspan="2"| 2003

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 37.9

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 40.5

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 25.4

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 30.0

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] '''57.8'''

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 36.8

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 31.2

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 8.7

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 51.7

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 24.5

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 38.2

| style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 40.0

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 12.0

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 34.1

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 21.2

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 36.0

|-

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Aragonese Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Initiative for Catalonia Greens}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 39.0

|-

! 2004

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 42.6

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] '''43.5'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 50.4

|-

! 2005

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] '''33.2'''

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 22.5

|-

! 2006

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 26.8

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 2007

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 41.1

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 42.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 34.5

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 24.5

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 52.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 37.7

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Initiative for Catalonia Greens}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 8.7

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 53.0

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 27.6

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 40.4

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 33.6

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 18.2

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 32.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 22.5

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 34.5

|-

! 2008

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 43.9

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 48.4

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Aragonese Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Majorcan Union}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Socialist Party of Majorca}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 2009

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 38.8

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Bloc for Asturias}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 31.0

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Majorcan Union}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Socialist Party of Majorca}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] '''30.4'''

|-

! 2010

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 18.4

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Socialist Party of Majorca}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|IniciativaVerds}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 2011

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 28.8

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 29.0

| style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 29.9

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 21.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 16.4

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 43.4

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 29.7

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 11.7

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 43.4

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 21.4

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 30.3

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 26.3

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 8.6

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 23.9

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 15.9

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 28.0

|-

! 2012

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 39.6

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 32.1

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 14.4

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 20.6

| style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 18.9

|-

! 2013

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; border-top-style:hidden"|

|-

! 2014

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 23.0

|-

! 2015

| style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 22.0

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 35.4

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 21.4

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 26.5

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 19.9

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 14.0

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 36.1

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 25.9

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 12.7

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 14.0

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 41.5

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 18.9

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 26.7

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 25.4

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 12.6

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 23.9

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 13.4

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 20.6

|-

! 2016

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 22.6

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 17.9

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Més per Mallorca}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Més per Menorca}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 11.9

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 2017

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; border-top-style:hidden"|

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Podemos (Spanish political party)}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 13.9

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Més per Mallorca}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 2018

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 27.9

|-

! rowspan="2"| 2019

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 28.7

| rowspan="6" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 32.9

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 30.8

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 35.3

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 28.9

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 17.6

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 44.1

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 34.8

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] '''25.6'''

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 46.8

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 27.4

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 38.7

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 27.3

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 14.4

| rowspan="5" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 32.5

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 20.6

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 24.2

|-

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 28.0

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Podemos (Spanish political party)}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Aragonese Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|New Canaries}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Sí Podemos Canarias}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Més per Mallorca}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Coalition for Melilla}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Geroa Bai}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Podemos (Spanish political party)}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Podemos (Spanish political party)}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 2020

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 19.4

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 13.5

|-

! 2021

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 23.0

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 16.8

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Coalition for Melilla}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="3" style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

|-

! 2022

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 24.1

| rowspan="4" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 30.1

|-

! 2023

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 31.7

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 29.6

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 36.5

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 27.2

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 20.6

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 45.1

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 21.0

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 39.9

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 26.5

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 31.9

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 18.2

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 10.7

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 25.6

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 20.7

| rowspan="3" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 28.7

|-

! 2024

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Sumar (electoral platform)}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 30.2

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Assembly for Asturias}}|border=silver}}

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F14E56; color:#FFFFFF; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 28.0

| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBC4C7; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 14.0

| rowspan="2" style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Geroa Bai}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Contigo Navarra}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F5747A; vertical-align:top;"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]] 14.1

|-

! 2025

| style="background:#F14E56; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

| style="background:#F5747A; border-top-style:hidden"| {{color box|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|border=silver}}{{color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|border=silver}}

|-

! Year

! {{flagicon|Spain}}<br/>[[Spain|ES]]

! {{flagicon|European Union}}<br/>[[European Union|EU]]

! class="unsortable"|

! {{flagicon|Andalucía}}<br/>[[Andalusia|AN]]

! {{flagicon|Aragón}}<br/>[[Aragon|AR]]

! {{flagicon|Asturias}}<br/>[[Asturias|AS]]

! {{flagicon|Canarias}}<br/>[[Canary Islands|CN]]

! {{flagicon|Cantabria}}<br/>[[Cantabria|CB]]

! {{flagicon|Castilla-La Mancha}}<br/>[[Castilla–La Mancha|CM]]

! {{flagicon|Castilla y León}}<br/>[[Castile and León|CL]]

! {{flagicon|Cataluña}}<br/>[[Catalonia|CT]]

! {{flagicon|Ceuta}}<br/>[[Ceuta|CE]]

! {{flagicon|Extremadura}}<br/>[[Extremadura|EX]]

! {{flagicon|Galicia}}<br/>[[Galicia (Spain)|GL]]

! {{flagicon|Islas Baleares}}<br/>[[Balearic Islands|IB]]

! [[File:Flag of La Rioja (with coat of arms).svg|frameless|23x23px]]<br/>[[La Rioja|RI]]

! {{flagicon|Comunidad de Madrid}}<br/>[[Community of Madrid|MD]]

! {{flagicon|Melilla}}<br/>[[Melilla|ML]]

! {{flagicon|Región de Murcia}}<br/>[[Region of Murcia|MC]]

! {{flagicon|Navarra}}<br/>[[Navarre|NC]]

! {{flagicon|País Vasco}}<br/>[[Basque Country (autonomous community)|PV]]

! {{flagicon|Comunidad Valenciana}}<br/>[[Valencian Community|CV]]

|-

| colspan="23" align="left"|

'''Bold''' indicates best result to date.<br/>{{Colour box|#FFFF99|border=silver}} To be decided<br/>{{Color box|#FBC4C7|border=silver}} Present in legislature (in opposition)<br/>{{Color box|#F5747A|border=silver}} Junior coalition partner<br/>{{Color box|#F14E56|border=silver}} Senior coalition partner

|}

== Organization ==

=== Former logos ===

<gallery widths="120" heights="120">

File:PvdA logo roos in vuist.svg|1976–1977 (provisional)

File:Logo PSOE, 1976-2001.svg|1977–2001 (co-existed with the 1994 logo until 2001)

File:Logo PSOE 1994.png|1994–2001

File:Logo PSOE 2013-2015.png|2013–2015 (variation)

File:PSOE logo 2017.png|2017 (variation)

File:Logo PSOE 2019.svg|2019 (variation)

</gallery>

=== Leadership ===

The '''Secretary General''' has been the head of the party as well as its parliamentary chair since 1974. The party was previously led by its '''President'''.

{|width=100%

|-valign ="top"

|width=20%|

{|class=wikitable

!President

!Term

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Pablo Iglesias Posse|Pablo Iglesias]]

|1879–1925

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Julián Besteiro]]

|1925–1931

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Remigio Cabello]]

|1931–1932

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Francisco Largo Caballero]]

|1932–1935

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Indalecio Prieto]]

|1935–1948

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Trifón Gómez]]

|1948–1955

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|Vacant

|1955–1964

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Pascual Tomás]]

|1964–1967

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Ramón Rubial]]

|1967–1970

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|In exile

|1970–1976

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Ramón Rubial]]

|1976–1999

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Manuel Chaves (politician)|Manuel Chaves]]

|1999–2012

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[José Antonio Griñán]]

|2012–2014

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Micaela Navarro]]

|2014–2016

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Cristina Narbona]]

|2017–present

|}

|width=20%|

{|class=wikitable

!Secretary-General

!Term

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Ramón Lamoneda]]

|1936–1944

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Rodolfo Llopis]]

|1944–1972

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|In exile

|1972–1974

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Felipe González]]

|1974–1997

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Joaquín Almunia]]

|1997–2000

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]]

|2000–2012

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba]]

|2012–2014

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Pedro Sánchez]]

|2014–2016;<br>2017–present

|}

|width=20%|

{|class=wikitable

!Deputy Secretary-General

!Term

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Alfonso Guerra]]

|1979–1997

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|Vacant

|1997–2008

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[José Blanco López|Pepe Blanco]]

|2008–2012

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Elena Valenciano]]

|2012–2014

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|Vacant

|2014–2017

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Adriana Lastra]]

|2017–2022

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[María Jesús Montero]]

|2022–present

|}

|width=20%|

{|class=wikitable

!Prime Ministers of Spain

!Term

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Francisco Largo Caballero]]

|1936–1937

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Juan Negrín López]]

|1937–1939

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Felipe González]]

|1982–1996

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]]

|2004–2011

|-style="background-color:#FFFFFF"

|[[Pedro Sánchez]]

|2018–present

|}

|}

<!-- Please respect alphabetical order. -->

==== Regional secretaries-general ====

* [[Andalusia]]: [[Juan Espadas]] (since 2021)

* [[Aragon]]: [[Javier Lambán]] (since 2012)

* [[Asturias]]: [[Adrián Barbón]] (since 2017)

* [[Balearic Islands]]: [[Francina Armengol]] (since 2012)

* [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]]: [[Eneko Andueza]] (since 2021)

* [[Canary Islands]]: [[Ángel Víctor Torres]] (since 2017)

* [[Cantabria]]: [[Pablo Zuloaga]] (since 2017)

* [[Castile and León]]: [[Carlos Martínez Mínguez]] (since 2025)

* [[Castilla–La Mancha|Castilla-La Mancha]]: [[Emiliano García-Page]] (since 2012)

* [[Catalonia]]: [[Salvador Illa]] (since 2021)

* [[Ceuta]]: ''Vacant'' (since 2024)

* [[Community of Madrid]]: [[Juan Lobato]] (since 2021)

* [[Extremadura]]: [[Miguel Ángel Gallardo (politician)|Miguel Ángel Gallardo]] (since 2024)

* [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]: [[José Ramón Gómez Besteiro]] (since 2024)

* [[La Rioja]]: [[Javier García Ibáñez]] (since 2025)

* [[Melilla]]: [[Sabrina Moh Abdelkader]] (since 2024)

* [[Region of Murcia|Murcia]]: [[José Vélez (politician)|José Vélez]] (since 2021)

* [[Navarre]]: [[María Chivite]] (since 2014)

* [[Valencian Community]]: [[Diana Morant]] (since 2024)

=== Membership ===

{{for|a list of all PSOE members with an English Wikipedia article|Category:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians}}

==== Terms ====

* ''Baron'': unofficial term for the party's regional leaders. They can be very powerful, especially if they run an autonomous community. There have been conflicts between barons and the central directorate in the past. Some ''barons'' were [[Pasqual Maragall]] ([[Catalonia]]), who did not run for re-election in 2006; [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] ([[Extremadura]]), who did not run for re-election in 2007; [[Manuel Chaves (politician)|Manuel Chaves]] ([[Andalusia]]), who renounced Andalucia's presidency in 2009 to assume the Third Vice Presidency of the Spanish Government; and [[José Montilla]] ([[Catalonia]]). The term ''baron'' is more colloquial than official, representing the great power regional leaders have in the party, but it has been falling out of use since 2016.

* ''Compañero'' ("companion", "comrade"): a term of address among Socialists, analogous to the English ''[[comrade]]'' and the Russian ''tovarisch''.

==== Factions ====

There have been several currents or internal factions within the PSOE based on personal or ideological affinities. Some of them have ended in splits from the PSOE. Examples of currents include the ''Terceristas'' (an historical faction that wished to enter the [[Third International]]) and, more recently, ''Izquierda Socialista'' (Socialist Left, the left-wing of the party since 1979). Some factions have brought infighting to the party, more notably:

* The divide between ''Guerristas'' (followers of [[Alfonso Guerra]]), and ''Renovadores'' (Renewers, right-wing of the party).

* More recently, the divide has been between the ''Sanchistas'' (followers of [[Pedro Sánchez]]) and ''Susanistas'' (followers of [[Susana Díaz]]). The ''Sanchistas'' won in the [[2017 PSOE leadership election|2017 primary elections]].

== See also ==

{{Portal|Spain|Socialism}}

* [[List of political parties in Spain]]

* [[Politics of Spain]]

* [[First Congress of the PSOE]]

==Notes==

{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

{{refbegin|30em}}

* {{cite book|first=José|last=Álvarez Junco|author-link=José Álvarez Junco|title=The History of Modern Spain: Chronologies, Themes, Individuals|year=2018|isbn=978-1-4725-9198-2|chapter=Pablo Iglesias|pages=414–420|editor=Adrian Shubert |editor2=José Álvarez Junco|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9X1ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA414}}

* {{cite book|last=Beevor|first=Antony|author-link=Antony Beevor|title='The battle for Spain. The Spanish civil war|url=https://archive.org/details/battleforspainsp00anto|url-access=registration|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2006|___location=London|isbn=0-14-303765-X}}

* {{citation|title=Encyclopedia of Digital Government|first1=Ari-Veikko|last1=Anttiroiko|first2=Matti|last2=Mälkiä|publisher=Idea Group Inc (IGI)|year=2007|isbn=978-1-59140-790-4|at=1916|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDrTMazYhdkC}}

* {{citation|title=Federalism and Territorial Cleavages|first1=Ugo M.|last1=Amoretti|first2=Nancy Gina|last2=Bermeo|publisher=JHU Press|year=2004|pages=498|isbn=9780801874086|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=49O1L3LzkVgC}}

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* {{citation|title=Memories of the Maghreb: Transnational Identities in Spanish Cultural Production|first=Adolfo|last=Campoy-Cubillo|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2012|isbn=9781137028150|at=230|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D2NJF_dwe_kC}}

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{{refend}}

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