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Line 1: {{Short description\|Genus of flowering plants}} ~~{{Taxobox~~ {{Automatic taxobox ~~\| color = lightgreen~~ \|image = Starr_020803-0125_Crassocephalum_crepidioides.jpg ~~\| name = ''Crassocephalum''~~ \| ~~image~~image_caption = ''[[Crassocephalum crepidioides~~.jpg~~]]'' \|display_parents = 2 ~~\| image_width = 240px~~ \| ~~image_caption~~taxon = ~~''[[~~Crassocephalum ~~crepidioides]]''~~ \| ~~regnum~~authority = [[~~Plant~~Conrad Moench\|Moench]]ae \|subdivision_ranks = Species ~~\| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]~~ \|subdivision = See text ~~\| ordo = [[Magnoliopsida]]~~ \|synonyms = ''Cremocephalum'' {{small\|Cass.}} ~~\| classis = [[Asterales]]~~ \|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>{{cite web \|title=''Crassocephalum'' Moench \|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:8421-1 \|website=[[Plants of the World Online]] \|publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] \|access-date=19 June 2025}}</ref> ~~\| familia = [[Asteraceae]]~~ ~~\| genus = '''''Crassocephalum'''''~~ ~~\| genus_authority = [[Conrad Moench\|Moench]]~~ ~~\| subdivision_ranks = Species~~ ~~\| subdivision =~~ ~~See text.~~ }} '''''Crassocephalum''''' is a [[genus]] the common names of whose members include '''ragleaf''', '''thickhead''', and '''bologi'''. Several species are raised as [[leaf vegetable]]s and used for medicine, especially in [[West Africa]]. Similar to ''[[Senecio]]'', but differing in never having ray florets. A calyculus of short bracts (c.1/4 to 1/5 of the length of the inner phyllaries) is present. The genus is typically thistle-like in appearance, but all parts are soft and not spiny.<ref name="EOL">{{cite web\| url = http://eol.org/pages/61969/\| title = Details for: ''Crassocephalum''\| accessdate = 2013-07-15\| author = Encyclopedia of Life\| authorlink = eol.org\| publisher = [[Encyclopedia of Life]]}}</ref> ==Species== ~~== ''C. biafrae'' <small>S. Moore</small> ==~~ Species include:<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40015963\|title= Details for ''Crassocephalum''\|accessdate=18 July 2013\|publisher=Tropicos}}</ref> * ''[[Crassocephalum afromontanum]]'' <small>R.E. Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 9: 144, 1928</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum aurantiacum]]'' <small>(Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 331, 1891</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum auriformis]]'' <small>S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 171, 1904</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum baoulense]]'' <small>(Hutch. & Dalziel) Milne-Redh., Kew Bull. 5: 377, 1951</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum bauchiense]]'' <small>(Hutch.) Milne-Redh., Kew Bull. 5: 376, 1951</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum behmianum]]'' <small>(Muschl.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 212, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum biafrae]]'' <small>(Oliv. & Hiern) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 211, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum bojeri]]'' <small>(DC.) Robyns, Fl. Spermat. Parc Natl. Albert 2: 544, 1947</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum bougheyanum]]'' <small>C.D. Adams, J. W. African Sci. Assoc. 3: 111, 1957</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum bumbense]]'' <small>S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 279, 1925</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum butaguensis]]'' <small>(Muschl.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 211, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum cernuum]]'' <small>(L. f.) Moench, Suppl. Pl. 370, 1781</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum coeruleum]]'' <small>(O. Hoffm.) R.E. Fr., Wiss. Erg. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo Exp. 342, 1916</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum crepidioides]]'' <small>(Benth.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50(595): 211–212, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum diversifolium]]'' <small>Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 1(3): 594, 1898</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum ducis-aprutii]]'' <small>(Chiov.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 212, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum effusum]]'' <small>(Mattf.) C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 41(4): 907, 1986</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum flavum]]'' <small>Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 265, 1834</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum gossweileri]]'' <small>S. Moore, J. Bot. 56: 226, 1918</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum gracile]]'' <small>(Hook. f.) Milne-Redh. ex Guinea, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 1: 307, 1951</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum guineense]]'' <small>C.D. Adams, J. W. African Sci. Assoc. 8: 129, 1964</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum heteromorphum]]'' <small>(Hutch. & Burtt.) C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 41(4): 908, 1986</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum lemuricum]]'' <small>(Humbert) Humbert, Fl. Madagasc. 189(3): 832, 1963</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum libericum]]'' <small>S. Moore, J. Bot. 54: 282, 1916</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum longirameum]]'' <small>S. Moore, J. Bot. 58: 46, 1920</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum luteum]]'' <small>(Humbert) Humbert, Fl. Madagasc. 189(3): 836, 1963</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum macropappus]]'' <small>(Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 1912(1): 212, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum manampanihense]]'' <small>(Humbert) Humbert, Fl. Madagasc. 189(3): 835, 1963</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum mannii]]'' <small>(Hook. f.) Milne-Redh., Kew Bull. 5: 377, 1951</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum miniatum]]'' <small>(Welw.) Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 595, 1898</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum montuosum]]'' <small>(S. Moore) Milne-Redh., Kew Bull. 5: 376, 1951</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum multicorymbosum]]'' <small>(Klatt) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 211, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum notonioides]]'' <small>S. Moore, J. Bot. 40: 341, 1902</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum paludum]]'' <small>C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 41(4): 906, 1986</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum picridifolium]]'' <small>(DC.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 212, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum radiatum]]'' <small>S. Moore, J. Bot. 56: 227, 1918</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum rubens]]'' <small>(B. Juss. ex Jacq.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 212, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum ruwenzoriensis]]'' <small>S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 352, 1902</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum sarcobasis]]'' <small>(DC.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 211, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum scandens]]'' <small>(O. Hoffm.) Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 595, 1898</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum sonchifolium]]'' <small>(Baker) Humbert, Fl. Madagasc. 189(3): 834, 1963</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum sonchifolium]]'' <small>(L.) Less., Linnaea 6(2): 252, 1831</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum splendens]]'' <small>C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 41: 905, 1986</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum subscandens]]'' <small>(Hochst. ex A. Rich.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 211, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum togoense]]'' <small>C.D. Adams, J. W. African Sci. Assoc. 1: 27, 1954</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum uvens]]'' <small>(Hiern) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 212, 1912</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum valerianifolium]]'' <small>(Link ex Spreng.) Less., Linnaea 5(1): 163, 1830</small> * ''[[Crassocephalum vitellinum]]'' <small>(Benth.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 212, 1912</small> [[Image:Crassocephalum crepidioides 16.jpg\|thumb\|left\|140px\|''C. crepidioides'']] ''C. biafrae'', also called '''Sierra Leone bologi''' or '''worow''', is a shade tolerant [[perennial plant\|perennial]] [[vine]] grown especially in [[Sierra Leone]], often on [[trellis]]es. Its [[spinach]]-like leaves are often eaten [[steaming\|steamed]]. [http://www.redbudorganicfarm.com/Bologie.aspx] ==References== ~~== ''C. rubens'' <small>(Juss. ex Jacq.) S. Moore</small> ==~~ {{Reflist}} ==External links== ''C. rubens'', also called '''Yoruban bologi''', is an erect [[annual plant\|annual]] [[herb]] growing up to 80 cm tall. It is grown and consumed especially in Southwestern [[Nigeria]], but also as far away as [[Yemen]], [[South Africa]], and islands of the [[Indian Ocean]]. Its mucilaginous leaves are used as a dry or fresh vegetable in a variety of dishes, and as medicine for several different ailments. [http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=MENU_QUERY&XC=/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll&BU=http://database.prota.org/publishedvernacularsEnSZ.htm&TN=PROTAB~1&SN=Crassocephalum+ruben&RF=Webdisplay&DF=&MR=20&DL=0&RL=0&NP=1] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110525204359/http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=QBE_QUERY&BU=http:%2F%2Fdatabase.prota.org%2Fsearch.htm&TN=PROTAB~1&QB0=AND&QF0=Species+Code&QI0=Crassocephalum&RF=Webreport&DF=Webdisplay&NP=3&MR=20 PROTAbase on ''Crassocephalum''] {{Taxonbar\|from=Q521476}} ~~== ''C. crepidioides'' <small>(Benth.) S. Moore</small> ==~~ [[Category:Crassocephalum\| ]] ''C. crepidioides'', also called '''ebolo''', '''thickhead''', '''redflower ragleaf''', or '''fireweed''', is an erect annual slightly [[succulent]] herb growing up to 180 cm tall. Its use is widespread in many tropical and subtropical regions, but is especially prominent in tropical Africa. Its fleshy, mucilaginous leaves and stems are eaten as a vegetable, and many parts of the plant have medical uses. [[Category:Leaf vegetables]] [http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=MENU_QUERY&XC=/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll&BU=http://database.prota.org/publishedvernacularsEnSZ.htm&TN=PROTAB~1&SN=Crassocephalum+crepi&RF=Webdisplay&DF=&MR=20&DL=0&RL=0&NP=1] [[Category:Asteraceae genera]] [[Category:Flora of the Afrotropical realm]] ~~== External links ==~~ [[Category:Plants used in traditional African medicine]] * {{ITIS\|ID=501660}} [[Category:Taxa described in 1794]] [[Category:Taxa named by Conrad Moench]] ~~[[category:leaf vegetables]]~~ ~~{{vegetable-stub}}~~ ~~[[pt:Crassocephalum]]~~