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{{short description|Emerging interdisciplinary field}}
[[File:Human Behavior Co-constituting the Web.png|thumb|450px]]▼
▲[[File:Human Behavior Co-constituting the Web.png|thumb|450px|Human behavior co-constituting the web.]]
'''Web science''' is an emerging [[interdisciplinary]] field concerned with the study of large-scale socio-technical systems, such as the [[World Wide Web]].<ref>{{Cite journal▼
▲'''Web science''' is an emerging [[interdisciplinary]] field concerned with the study of large-scale socio-technical systems,
| authorlink1 = Tim Berners-Lee▼
|
| first1 = T.
|authorlink2 = Wendy Hall▼
| last3 = Hendler | first3 = J.▼
| last2 = Hall
| authorlink3 = James Hendler▼
|
|authorlink4 = Nigel Shadbolt▼
| last5 = Weitzner | first5 = D.▼
| first3 = J.
| last4 = Shadbolt
| first4 = N.
| first5 = D.
| title = Computer Science: Enhanced: Creating a Science of the Web
| url = http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262615/
| doi = 10.1126/science.1126902
| journal = Science
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| year = 2006
| pmid = 16902115
| s2cid = 5104030
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/1364782.1364798| last1 = Hendler | first1 = Jim| authorlink1 = Jim Hendler| last2 = Shadbolt | first2 = Nigel| authorlink2 = Nigel Shadbolt| title = Web science: an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the web| last3 = Hall | first3 = Wendy| authorlink3 = Wendy Hall| last4 = Berners-Lee | first4 = Tim| authorlink4 = Tim Berners-Lee | last5 = Weitzner | first5 = Daniel| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 51| issue = 7| year = 2008| url = http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/266555/1/CACM.pdf}}</ref> It considers the relationship between people and technology, the ways that society and technology co-constitute one another and the impact of this co-constitution on broader society. Web Science combines research from disciplines as diverse as [[sociology]], [[computer science]], [[economics]], and [[mathematics]].<ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/webscikorea/why-do-we-need-web-science-research Why do we need web science research]</ref>▼
| access-date = 2021-11-26
| archive-date = 2021-04-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210424135357/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262615/
| url-status = live
| url-access = subscription
▲ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
An earlier definition was given by American computer scientist [[Ben Shneiderman]]: "Web Science" is
The Web Science Institute describes Web Science as focusing "the analytical power of researchers from disciplines as diverse as mathematics, sociology, economics, psychology, law and computer science to understand and explain the Web. It is necessarily interdisciplinary – as much about social and organizational behaviour as about the underpinning technology."<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsi/about/what_is_web_science.page?|title=What is Web Science? – Web Science Institute – University of Southampton|access-date=2021-11-26|archive-date=2021-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122132050/https://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsi/about/what_is_web_science.page|url-status=live}}</ref> A central pillar of Web science development is Artificial Intelligence or "AI". The current artificial intelligence that in development at the moment is Human-Centered, with goals to further professional development courses as well as influencing public policy. Artificial intelligence developers are focused on the most impactful uses of this technology, while also hoping to expedite the growth and development of the human race.<ref name=":0" />
▲An earlier definition was given by American computer scientist [[Ben Shneiderman]]: "Web Science" is the processing the information available on the web in similar terms to those applied to natural environment.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1145/1247001.1247022 | title=Web science | journal=Communications of the ACM | date=2007 | volume=50 | issue=6 | pages=25 | first=Ben | last=Shneiderman}}</ref>
==Areas of activity==
===Emergent properties===
Philip Tetlow, an IBM-based scientist influential in the emergence of web science as an independent discipline,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsi/news/2015/03/wsi-distinguished-lecture-phil-tetlow.page | title=WSI Distinguished Lecture, Dr Phil Tetlow | Web Science Institute | University of Southampton }}</ref> argued for the concept of web life,<ref name="tetlow">{{cite book | first=Philip D. | last=Tetlow |title=The Web's awake: an introduction to the field of Web science and the concept |year=2007 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBskd46jR10C&dq=Gopala+Hemachandra&pg=PA79 |isbn=978-0-470-13794-9 }}</ref> which considers the Web not as a connected network of computers, as in common interpretations of the [[Internet]], but rather as a [[sociotechnical]] machine<ref>Nijholt, A. (2009) Socio-Technical Implementation: Socio-technical Systems in the Context of Ubiquitous Computing, Ambient Intelligence, Embodied Virtuality, and the Internet of Things. In: Handbook of Research on Socio-Technical Design and Social Networking Systems. IGI Global.</ref> capable of fusing together individuals and organisations into larger coordinated groups. It argues that unlike the technologies that have come before it, the Web is different in that its phenomenal growth and complexity are starting to outstrip our capability to control it directly, making it impossible for us to grasp its completeness in one go. Tetlow made use of [[Fritjof Capra]]'s concept of the 'web of life' as a metaphor.<ref>{{cite book| last=Capra | first=Fritjof | author-link=Fritjof Capra | year=1997 | title=The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems | publisher=Anchor }}</ref><ref>Tetlow 2009, [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Investigations-into-Web-science-and-the-concept-of-Tetlow/c305acf463dc55c96a15ef257844a251916b3231#references Investigations into Web science and the concept of Web life]</ref>
== Research groups ==
There are numerous academic research groups engaged in Web Science research,<ref>
== Related major conferences ==
<!-- New links in alphabetical order please -->
* [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM), Hypertext Conference (HT) sponsored by [[ACM SIGWEB|
* ACM SIGCHI [[Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems]] (CHI)
* International [[Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence|AAAI]] Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM)
* [[International World Wide Web Conference|The Web Conference]] (WWW)
* [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM) Web Science Conference (WebSci)
== See also ==
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== External links ==
* [http://www.nowpublishers.com/product.aspx?product=WEB&doi=1800000001 A Framework for Web Science] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209210430/https://www.nowpublishers.com/product.aspx?product=WEB&doi=1800000001 |date=2021-12-09 }}
* [http://www.w3.org/2007/Talks/1018-websci-mit-tbl/ Talk on web science] by [[W3C]]
* [http://west.uni-koblenz.de/mws MSc on Web Science at Institute WeST, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209044555/https://west.uni-koblenz.de/mws |date=2021-12-09 }}
* [http://www.jku.at/content/e262/e242/e2380/e131292 MSc on Web Sciences divided into different branches of study at Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117045116/http://www.jku.at/content/e262/e242/e2380/e131292 |date=2018-01-17 }}
* {{YouTube|9SqUngY0e5U|What is Web Science? (Video clip)}}
* [http://webscience-education-workshop.blogs.usj.edu.lb The Web Science Education Workshop]
* [http://webscience-education-workshop.blogs.usj.edu.lb/about-web-science-education/ The Web Science Education Map]
* [http://webscience.fh-koeln.de/live/ Master's Programme WebScience at Cologne University of Applied Sciences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531000026/http://webscience.fh-koeln.de/live/ |date=2015-05-31 }}
* [http://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsi/ The Web Science Institute at the University of Southampton]
{{Semantic Web}}
[[Category:World Wide Web]]▼
[[Category:Cyberspace]]
[[Category:Digital media]]
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