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#REDIRECT [[Kalaripayattu#Southern kalaripayattu]]
{|class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" width="250" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right"
! colspan="2" style="background-color: #C1E0FF" | Kalaripayattu
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Image:Valpayattu.jpg|202px]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Indian Name
|-
| width="125" align="center" | [[Malayalam]]
| width="125" align="center" valign="top"| &nbsp;<br>കളരിപ്പയറ്റ<br>&nbsp;
|-
| width="125" align="center" | [[Devanagari]]
| width="125" align="center" | &nbsp;<br>कळरिप्पयट्<br>&nbsp;
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" | Details
|-
| width="125" align="center" | Origin
| width="125" align="center" | [[Kerala]], [[South India]]
|-
| width="125" align="center" | Styles
| width="125" align="center" | [[Northern Kalaripayattu|Northern]], [[Southern Kalaripayattu|Southern]] and [[Central Kalaripayattu|Central]]
|}
'''Kalarippayattu''' ([[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]: കളരിപ്പയറ്റ്) is an [[Indian martial art]] practised in [[Kerala]] and contiguous parts of neighboring [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Zarrilli | first = Phillip B. | title = When the Body Becomes All Eyes: Paradigms, Discourses and Practices of Power in Kalarippayattu, a South Indian Martial Art | year = 1998 | publisher = Oxford University Press | ___location = Oxford}}</ref> It incorporates strikes, kicks, grappling, and weaponry, as well as healing techniques.<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref> Some of its choreographed sparring can be applied to dance.<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref>
 
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In southern styles of kalarippayattu (practiced mainly in old [[Travancore]] and the [[Kanyakumari]] district of [[Tamil Nadu]])<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref>, practice and fighting techniques emphasize empty hands and application from the first lesson.<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref> In the southern styles the stages of training are Chuvatu (solo forms), Jodi (partner training/sparring), Kurunthadi (short stick), Neduvadi, Katthi, Katara, valum parichayum, Chuttuval, double sword and Marmma and kalari grappling. The southern styles of kalarippayattu are decidedly [[Tamil people|Tamil]]<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref> and for at least several hundred years have been practised primarily by [[Nadar (caste)|Nadars]], [[Kallar]]s, Thevars,<ref>Zarrilli 1992</ref> and some [[Sambavar]].<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref>
 
Zarrilli refers to southern kalarippayattu as ''ati murai'' (the 'law of hitting') or ''varma ati'' (hitting the vital spots).<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref> The preliminary empty-hand techniques of ati murai are known as ''[[Adithada]]'' (hit/defend).<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref> Varma ati refers specifically to the application of these techniques to vital spots.<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref> Weapons may include [[Silambam|long staffs]], short sticks, and the double deer horns.<ref>Zarrilli 1992</ref>. Southern styles of kalarippayattu are not practiced in special roofed pits but rather in the open air, or in an unroofed enclosure of palm branches.<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref> Masters are known as asan rather than gurukkal.<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref> The founder and patron saint is believed to be the [[rishi]] [[Agasthya]] rather than Parasurama.<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref>
 
Medical treatment in southern styles of kalarippayattu—which ''does'' include massage—is identified with [[Dravidian]] [[Siddha]] medicine which is as sophisticated as—though distinct from—Ayurveda.<ref>Zarrilli 1992</ref> The Dravidian Siddha medical system is also known as Siddha Vaidyam and, like ati murai, is attributed to the rishi Agasthya. Active suppression of Nairs in southern Kerala led to the virtual extinction of their southern ''dronamballi sampradayam'' by the mid 1950s.<ref>Zarrilli 1998</ref>
 
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==See also==
{{Topics related to Kalarippayattu}}
 
{{Indian Martial Arts}}
 
[[Category:Indian martial arts]]
[[Category:Kerala]]
 
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