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{{Short description|Open-Source virtual appliance library}}
{{Infobox OS
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| source_model = [[Open-source software|Open source]]
| kernel_type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel|Linux]])
| license = [[Free software]] licenses
| working_state = Current
| website =
| latest_release_version = {{wikidata|property|reference|P348}}
| supported_platforms = [[IA-32]], [[X86-64]]▼
| latest release date = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P577}}}}
| updatemodel = [[Advanced Packaging Tool|APT]]
| package_manager = [[dpkg]]
}}
The '''
== Features ==
The project
They are packaged in
* [[Virtual appliance]]s distributed as [[virtual machine]] types such as:
▲They are packaged in several formats, optimized for several different virtualization platforms, in addition to two separate builds for installing onto physical media (to non-virtualized hard disk or USB from a hybrid ISO) or onto the [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud|Amazon EC2 cloud]].<ref name="BuildTypes">{{Cite web |title = Supported virtualization platforms and build types | work = TurnKey GNU/Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/builds}}</ref>
** [[Open Virtualization Format
** [[VMDK]] - "VM" in Turnkey Linux download mirrors - As above, but packaged as a zip containing a VMDK vHDD as well as a VMX (legacy VMware vm config file). Runs on [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM]]/[[QEMU]]<ref name="KVM">{{cite web |title = Using default VM build with KVM | work = TurnKey
▲** [[Open Virtualization Format|OVA]] - As of v14.0 this is the default VM format. It provides "double-click" launch for [[VirtualBox]] and most [[VMware]] products (e.g. [[VMware Workstation|Workstation]], [[VMware Player|Player]], [[VMware Fusion|Fusion]] and [[VMware ESX|vSphere/ESX]]). Also includes open-vmtools (for VMware).
▲** [[VMDK]] - "VM" in Turnkey Linux download mirrors - As above, but packaged as a zip containing a VMDK vHDD as well as a VMX (legacy VMware vm config file). Runs on [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM]]/[[QEMU]]<ref name="KVM">{{cite web |title = Using default VM build with KVM | work = TurnKey GNU/Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/kvm}}</ref>
** [[OpenStack]]
** [[LXC|Container]] - This somewhat generic container format is specifically packaged for [[Proxmox Virtual Environment|Proxmox]] (as tar.gz) (and formerly [[OpenNode]]
** [[Xen]]
** [[Docker (software)|Docker]]
* [[Live CD|Installable Live CD/USB]]: a [[Hybrid disc|hybrid]] [[ISO image]] which can be burned to either [[CD]] or [[USB flash drive|USB]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/iso2usb |title=Installing TurnKey from USB flash drive|date=8 January 2014 |work=Alon Swartz |accessdate=8 February 2014}}</ref> and used to install on both bare metal (I.e. a non-virtualized physical machine) and [[virtual machines]], including [[VMware]], [[Xen]], [[XenServer]], [[VirtualBox]], and [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM]]. This image can also run [[Live CD|live]] in non-persistent ''demo mode''.
* [[Amazon Machine Image]]: provisioned on-demand on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud via either the TurnKey
Pre-integrated server applications include [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]], [[WordPress]], [[Joomla]], [[Drupal]], [[Redmine]], [[MySQL]], [[MediaWiki]], [[Domain controller]], [[File server]], [[Ruby on Rails]], [[phpBB]], and many others.
== History ==
Founded by engineers of an Israeli startup,<ref name="Scannell2009-03-10">{{cite news | last = Scannell | first = Ed | date = March 10, 2009 | title = TurnKey Linux Delivers Open Source Appliances | work = [[InformationWeek]] | url = http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | accessdate = March 23, 2009 | archive-date = August 13, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090813085431/http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | url-status = dead }}</ref> the project was conceived in mid-2008 as a community-oriented open source project that would focus on helping users piece together turnkey solutions from open source components in the largest Linux distributions. According to one of TurnKey Linux's co-founders, the project was in part inspired by a desire to provide open source alternatives to proprietary virtual appliance vendors that would be aligned with user interests and could engage the community.<ref name="Panettieri2009-03-12">{{cite news | last = Panettieri | first = Joe | date = March 12, 2009 | title = 12 Ubuntu Server Appliances Meet the Cloud | work = WorksWithU | url = http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ |
The project launched in September 2008 with three prototype appliances for Drupal, Joomla and LAMP, based on the Ubuntu 8.04.1 build.<ref name="UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter108">{{cite journal | year = 2008 | title = TurnKey Linux: new project builds Ubuntu based Live CD appliances | journal = Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter | issue = 108 | url = https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter/Issue108#TurnKey%20Linux:%20new%20project%20builds%20Ubuntu%20based%20Live%20CD%20appliances | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> In the following months usability was improved and a dozen additional appliances were released including Ruby on Rails, MediaWiki and Django.<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25">{{cite news | last = Fransen | first = Matto | date = February 25, 2009 | title = Kant-en-klare open source bedrijfsapplicaties | work = Infoworld | url = http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | accessdate = March 23, 2009 | archive-date = April 2, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090402063654/http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>
In October 2009, the project released 40 appliances based on Ubuntu 8.04.3 including 25 new additions to the virtual appliance library. The release included support for [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud]], and a new [[Virtual machine image]] format with [[Open Virtualization Format|OVF]] support.
TurnKey Linux was listed as a winner of the 2009 "Bossies" by [[InfoWorld]] as one of the "
In September 2010, Turnkey Linux Backup and Migration (TKLBAM) was announced..<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/announcing-tklbam | title=a new kind of smart backup/restore system that just works | date=8 September 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref> In November 2010, further additions to TKLBAM were announced including the integration of Webmin, which was discussed as a future feature in the original unveiling of the TKLBAM.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-11.0rc-part1#webmin-tklbam | title=New release candidates for TurnKey Linux 11.0 (part 1) | date=23 November 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref>
Turnkey Linux was nominated for the SourceForge February 2012 Project of the Month.<ref>{{cite web |url=
In August 2012, version 12.0 was released with the library increased to include over 100 appliances. This release also marked a move away from [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] as the underlying [[
Early June 2013 saw a significant change of tack with the version 12.1 update release; built with the new "TKLDev" open build infrastructure. This release also included the first [[64 bit|X86-64]] builds.<ref>{{cite web |url=
November 2013 saw the release of v13.0, based on [[Debian]] 7.2 (
September 2015 saw the long overdue release of v14.0, based on
== Design ==
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* An automatic mechanism that installs security patches on a daily basis.
* Web administration interface based on [[Webmin]] which includes a selection of generic add-on control and configuration modules.
* Web browser based shell
* TKLBAM (TurnKey Linux Backup And Migration)<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklbam TKLBAM - Smart automated backup and restore]</ref> - a custom TKL backup/migration application/service that uses [[Duplicity (software)|Duplicity]] as a backend. By default TKLBAM uses [[Amazon S3]] for storage, but can also be configured to use any other storage medium supported by Duplicity. As of version 1.4 TKLBAM is available for non-TKL Linux OS.
The TurnKey Core has a footprint of approximately 110 MB, and is available as a separate download. Application software is installed on top of the Core, which typically increases the size of a virtual appliance up to approximately 160 MB.<ref name="LinuxDevices2009-03-09">{{cite news | date = March 9, 2009 | title = Open source server appliances ship | work = LinuxDevices.com | url = http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS9199443802.html |
New software appliances, or customised appliances can be developed by forking the appropriate appliance build code on [[GitHub]]<ref>[https://github.com/turnkeylinux-apps Turnkey Linux Appliance Build code repository]</ref> and then built using TKLDev.<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklpatch TKLDev - Appliance Build Engine]</ref> Additionally appliances can also be customized and extended using TKLPatch,<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/doc/tkldev TKLPatch - a simple appliance customization mechanism]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a simple appliance modification mechanism.
TurnKey Linux can be run as a [[virtual machine]] with [[VirtualBox]] and [[VMWare]], although the former has been described as having been provided with more documentation.<ref name="Proffitt2010-02-15">{{cite news | last = Proffitt | first = Brian | date = February 15, 2010 | title = Virtual Appliances Offer Fast Sandboxes, Production Environments | work = ITWorld | url = http://www.itworld.com/open-source/96666/virtual-appliances-offer-fast-sandboxes-production-environments | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}</ref>
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<gallery>
Image:Confconsole0.9.4-1.jpg|Configuration console
Image:TurnKey Linux Webmin
Image:TurnKey Linux Webmin
<!-- Image:Webshell1.jpg|AJAX web shell -->
</gallery>
== See also ==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
* [[Virtual appliance]]
* [[Software appliance]]
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[[Category:Cloud infrastructure]]
[[Category:Software appliances]]
[[Category:Ubuntu
[[Category:Debian-based distributions]]
[[Category:Linux package management-related software]]
[[Category:Free server software]]
[[Category:Free system software]]
[[Category:Linux distributions]]
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