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m Undid revision 1305407946 by 185.68.219.93 (talk) Not a typo. Although the rook could have moved to any square on the g-file (except g8) to deliver mate on the next move, in this example g1 was chosen, resulting in the checkmate position shown in the diagram.
 
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{{Short description|Chess patterns}}
[[File:CheckmateProper.jpg|right|thumb|Checkmate]]
In [[chess]], severalcertain '''checkmate patterns''' that occur frequently have been given specific names in chess literature. By definition, a ''checkmate pattern'' is a recognizable or areparticular otherwiseor studied arrangement of suchpieces interestthat todelivers scholars,[[checkmate]].<ref>{{cite soweb as| totitle=36 haveCheckmate acquiredPatterns specificThat namesAll inChess chessPlayers Should Know| commentarywebsite=Chessfox.com| date=21 April 2023 | url=https://chessfox.com/checkmate-patterns/#:~:text=A%20checkmate%20pattern%20is%20a,commonly%20occur%20in%20chess%20games | access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> The diagrams that follow show these [[checkmate]]scheckmates with [[White and Black in chess|White]] checkmating Black.
{{algebraicAN notationchess|pos=toclefttoc}}
 
==Anastasia's mate==
 
{{Chess diagram small
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|An archetypal Anastasia's mate}}
In '''Anastasia's mate''', a [[knight (chess)|knight]] and [[rook (chess)|rook]] team up to trap the opposing king between the side of the board on one side and a friendly piece on the other. Often, the queen is first sacrificed along the a-{{chessgloss|file}} or h-file to achieve the position. A [[Bishop (chess)|bishop]] can be used instead of a knight to the same effect (see [[#Greco's mate|Greco's mate]]). This checkmate gotgets its name from the novel ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel'' by [[Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse]].,<ref>The original "Anastasia's mate" appeared in: Wilhelm Heinse, ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel: Briefe aus Italien vom Verfasser des Ardinghello'' [Anastasia and Chess: Letters from Italy by the author of ''Ardinghello''] (Frankfurt am Main, (Germany): Tarrentrapp und Wenner, 1803), [https://books.google.com/books?id=LrBAAAAAcAAJ&hl=en&pg=PA211#v=onepage&q&f=false volume 2, pages 211-213211–213.]<br>
The original "Anastasia's mate" is reproduced in modern notion with illustrations, in: Wilhelm Heinse, ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel … '' (Hamburg, Germany: Jens-Erik Rudolph Verlag, 2010), [https://books.google.com/books?id=3tvTGSgcjmkC&hl=en&pg=PA162#v=onepage&q&f=false page 162, example 2.]<br>
Note: Nowadays, "Anastasia's mate" refers to a mate in which the checkmated king is on an edge of the board or in a corner of the board, whereas in the original mate, the king was near the center of the board.</ref><ref>{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=83}} andbut Kahnthe (1962),novelist p.took 83the chess position from an essay by [[Giambattista Lolli]].</ref>
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|An archetypal Anderssen's mate}}
In '''Anderssen's mate''' (named for [[Adolf Anderssen]]), the rook or [[queen (chess)|queen]] is supported by a diagonally- attacking piece such as a [[pawn (chess)|pawn]] or [[bishop (chess)|bishop]] as it checkmates the opposing king along the eighth {{chessgloss|rank}}.
 
Sometimes a distinction is drawn between Anderssen's mate, where the rook is supported by a pawn (which itself is supported by another piece, as in the diagram), and '''Mayet's mate''', where the rook is supported by a distant bishop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Famous Checkmates|url=http://chesslessons4beginners.com/lesson_8_famous_checkmates_4.htm|work=Chess Lessons For Beginners|publisher=chesslessons4beginners.com|accessdateaccess-date=29 December 2013|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233321/http://chesslessons4beginners.com/lesson_8_famous_checkmates_4.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{clear}}
 
==Arabian mate==
 
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|An archetypal Arabian mate}}
In the '''Arabian mate''', the knight and the rook team up to trap the opposing king on a corner of the board. The rook sits on a square adjacent to the king both to prevent escape along the diagonal and to deliver checkmate while the knight sits two squares away diagonally from the king to prevent escape on the square next to the king and to protect the rook.<ref>{{sfn|Renaud and |Kahn (|1962), |p. =182.</ref>}}
 
In addition to being among the most common mating patterns, the Arabian mate is also an important topic in the context of [[history of chess]] for being mentioned in an ancient Arabic manuscript dating from the 8th century CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacEnulty |first1=David |title=My First Book of Checkmate |date=2015 |publisher=Russell Enterprises, Inc. |isbn=9781936490479 |url=https://www.scribd.com/book/266938632/My-First-Book-of-Checkmate-Workbook |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> The pattern is also derived from an [[shatranj|older form of chess]] in which the knight and the rook were the two most powerful pieces in the game, before chess had migrated to Europe and the queen given its current powers of movement.
{{clear}}
 
==Back-rank mate==
{{main|backBack-rank mate}}
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|An archetypal back-rank mate}}
The [[''back-rank mate]]'' occurs when a rook or queen checkmates a king that is blocked in by friendlyits own pieces (usually pawns) on histhe first or eighth rank.
{{clear}}
 
==Balestra mate==
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|An archetypal balestra mate}}
The ''balestra mate'' involves a queen cutting off the king's escape both diagonally and vertically whilst having a bishop deliver checkmate.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}
{{clear}}
 
==Bishop and knight mate==
{{Main|Bishop and knight checkmate}}
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|An archetypal Bishopbishop and knight mate
}}
The [[Bishop''bishop and knight'' mate is one of the four [[Basic checkmate|basic checkmates]] and occurs when the king teamsworks uptogether with a bishop and knight to {{chessgloss|forced move|force}} the opponent king to the corner of the board. The bishop and knight endgame can be difficult to master: some positions may require up to 34 moves of(if perfectboth sides play perfectly) before checkmate can be delivered.
{{clear}}
 
==Blackburne's mate==
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|An archetypal Blackburne's mate}}
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'''Blackburne's mate''' is named for [[Joseph Henry Blackburne]] and is a rare method of checkmating. The checkmate utilizes the black rook (it could be a bishop or queen instead) to confine the black king's escape to the f8 square. One of the bishops confines the black king's movement by operating at a distance, while the knight and the other bishop operate within close range.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 94.</ref> Threatening Blackburne's mate can be used to weaken Black's position.
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|An alternative version of Blackburne's mate}}
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''Blackburne's mate'' is named for [[Joseph Henry Blackburne]] and is a rare method of checkmating. The checkmate utilizes enemy pieces (typically a rook) and/or the edge of the board, together with a friendly knight, to confine the enemy king's sideways escape, while a friendly bishop pair takes the remaining two diagonals off from the enemy king.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=94}} Threatening Blackburne's mate, which sometimes goes in conjunction with a queen sacrifice, can be used to weaken Black's position.
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| White mates in 3 moves
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| |rl| | |rl| |pd|pd
Line 121 ⟶ 162:
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| '''White to move''' and mate in 3 moves.<br />Position prior to a Blindblind swine mate
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{{Chess diagram small
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| An archetypal blind swine mate
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Line 135 ⟶ 176:
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| WhiteFinal has just checkmatedposition after 3 moves. <br />An archetypal Blind swine mate}}
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The name''blind ofswine thismate'' pattern's name is attributed to Polish master [[Dawid Janowski]] referringwho referred to coupled{{chessgloss|doubled rooks}} on a player's 7th rank as "swine".<ref>MacEnulty, David, ''The Chess Kid's Book of Checkmate'', chap. 21 -– The Blind Swine Checkmate, pp. 29-3029–30, Random House Puzzles & Games, 2004, {{ISBN |0812935942}}, 9780812935943</ref>
In the first partialdiagram positionwith atWhite rightto and assuming there are no interferencesplay, whiteWhite can force checkmate as follows:
#:'''1. Rxg7+ Kh8'''
#:'''2. Rxh7+ Kg8'''
#:'''3. Rbg7{{chessAN|#}}'''
 
For this type of mate, the rooks on white's 7th rank can start out on any two of the files from a to e, and although black pawns are commonly present as shown, they are not necessary to effect the mate. The rightmost diagram shows the corresponding partial position after white checkmates according to the preceding moves listed.
In the first diagrammed position, the rooks on White's 7th rank can start on any two files from ''a'' to ''e'', and although black pawns are commonly present as shown, they are not necessary to deliver the mate. The f8-rook is necessary to stop the king from escaping if the attacking side does not already have a piece controlling that [[flight square]]. The second diagram shows the final position after checkmate. In the book ''[[My System]]'', Nimzowitsch refers to this type of mate as: "The seventh rank, absolute."
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Line 160 ⟶ 202:
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|An archetypal Boden's mate}}
In ''[[Boden's mate]]'' involves two attacking bishops on criss-crossing diagonals deliverdelivering matecheckmate to a king obstructed by friendly pieces, usually a rook and a pawn.<ref>{{sfn|Renaud and |Kahn (|1962), |p. =89.</ref>}}<ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1262425 R. Schulder vs. Samuel Boden] (London, 1853).</ref>
{{clear}}
 
==Box mate (Rook mate)==
{{main|Checkmate#King and rook}}
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|A typical Box mate}}
The Box mate is one of the four [[Checkmate#Basic checkmates|basic checkmates]] along with Queen mate, king and two bishops checkmate, and bishop and knight checkmate. It occurs when the side with the king and rook box in the bare king to the corner or edge of the board. The mate is delivered by the rook along the edge rank or file, and escape towards the centre of the board is blocked by the king.
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Line 192 ⟶ 217:
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|An archetypal Cornercorner mate}}
The '''Cornercorner mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It works by confining the king to the corner using a rook or queen with a pawn blocking the final escape square and using a knightminor piece to engage the checkmate.
{{clear}}
 
==CozioDamiano's bishop mate==
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{{Chess diagram small
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| White mates in 4 moves
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| | | | | | |kd|
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| 1.Bxh7+ Kh8 2.Bg6+ Kg8 3.Qh7+ Kf8 4.Qxf7#
| | | | | | |kl|
|An archetypal Cozio's mate. After 1.Qh6+, Black is forced to play 1...Kg3
}}
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| Final position after 4 moves
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| An archetypal Damiano's bishop mate
| | | | | |qd|kd|
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|White then checkmates with 2.Qh2
}}
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'''CozioDamiano's bishop mate''' is a commonclassic method of checkmating. The checkmate utilizes a queen and bishop, where the bishop is anused upsideto downsupport versionthe ofqueen and the [[#Dovetailqueen mate|Dovetailis mate]]used to engage the checkmate. ItThe wascheckmate is named after a study [[CarloPedro CozioDamiano]] that was published in 1766.
 
One can also think of similar mates like 'Damiano's knight' and 'Damiano's rook' or even 'Damiano's king' (See Queen mate below), 'Damiano's pawn' or 'Damiano's (second) queen'.
 
{{clear}}
 
==Damiano's bishop mate==
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Line 243 ⟶ 274:
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|An archetypal Damiano's bishop mate}}
'''Damiano's bishop mate''' is a classic method of checkmating and one of the oldest. TheIt checkmateworks utilizesby confining the king with a queenpawn and bishop,using wherea queen to execute the bishopcheckmate. Damiano's mate is usedoften toarrived supportat by first [[sacrifice (chess)|sacrificing]] a rook on the queenh-file, andthen checking the king with the queen ison usedthe toa-file engageor h-file, and then moving in for the checkmatemate. The checkmate iswas namedfirst afterpublished by [[Pedro Damiano]] in 1512.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=136}} In Damiano's publication he failed to place the white king on the [[chessboard|board]] which resulted in it not being entered into many chess databases due to their rejection of illegal positions.
{{clear}}
 
==Damiano'sDouble bishop mate==
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|An archetypal double bishop mate}}
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| | | | |kd|pl| |
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|An archetypal Damiano's mate}}
|An alternate pattern for the double bishop mate}}
'''Damiano's mate''' is a classic method of checkmating and one of the oldest. It works by confining the king with a pawn and using a queen to initiate the final blow. Damiano's mate is often arrived at by first [[sacrifice (chess)|sacrificing]] a rook on the h-file, then checking the king with the queen on the h-file, and then moving in for the mate. The checkmate was first published by [[Pedro Damiano]] in 1512.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 136.</ref> In Damiano's publication he failed to place the white king on the [[chessboard|board]] which resulted in it not being entered into many chess databases due to their rejection of illegal positions.
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The ''double bishop mate'' is a classic method of checkmating. It is similar to [[#Boden's mate|Boden's mate]], but the two bishops are placed on parallel diagonals. The escape squares are occupied or controlled by enemy pieces.
{{clear}}
 
==DavidDouble and Goliathknight mate==
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| White mates in 2 moves
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| |kd|nd| | | | |
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|pd |kd |pd | | | | |
| Position prior to being mated
|pl|nd| | | | | |
}}
| |pl| | | | | |
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| | | | | | | |kl
{{Chess diagram small
|An archetypal David and Goliath mate}}
| tright
The '''David and Goliath mate''' is a common method of checkmating. Although the David and Goliath mate can take many forms, it is characterized generally as a mate in which a pawn is the final attacking piece and where enemy pawns are nearby. Its name is taken from the [[Bible|biblical]] account of [[Goliath|David and Goliath]].
| Final position
|kd| |nd| | | | |
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|A possible double knight mate}}
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The ''double knight mate'' usually involves a king being trapped behind a pawn or a group of pawns in front of it and blocked by a piece to the side. The king is then checked by a knight and forced into a position in which it can be checkmated by the other knight.
{{clear}}
 
==Dovetail mate (Cozio's mate) <span class="anchor" id="Dovetail mate"></span><span class="anchor" id="Cozio's mate"></span>==
==Double bishop mate==
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"
 
|-valign="top"
|+ An archetypal dovetail mate
|
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{{Chess diagram small
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| | | | | | | |kd
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|An archetypal Double bishop mate}}
| After 1.Qh6+, Black is forced to play 1...Kg3.
The '''Double bishop mate''' is a classic method of checkmating. It is similar to [[Boden's mate]], but a bit simpler. The checkmate involves attacking the king using two bishops, resulting in the king being trapped behind a pawn that has not been moved.
{{clear}}
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==Dovetail mate==
{{Chess diagram small
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| |rd| | | | | |
|pd|kd| | | | | |
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| | | | | | |pd|
|An archetypal Dovetail mate}}
| | | | | |qd|kd|
 
| | | | | | | |ql
The '''Dovetail mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It involves trapping the black king in a pattern shown to the right. It does not matter how the queen is supported and it does not matter which type Black's other two pieces are so long as neither is an unpinned knight. See also '''Swallow's tail mate'''.
| | | | | | |kl|
|White then checkmates with 2.Qh2#.
}}
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|}
The ''dovetail mate'' is a common method of checkmating, and is also known as ''Cozio's mate'', named after a study by [[Carlo Cozio]], published in 1766. It involves trapping the black king in the pattern shown. It does not matter how the queen is supported and it does not matter which type Black's other two pieces are so long as neither is an unpinned knight. See also [[#Swallow's tail mate|Swallow's tail mate]].
{{clear}}
 
Line 316 ⟶ 394:
{{Chess diagram small
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| Polgár, No. 193
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| | | |rd |kd |rd| kd|rd
| |pd | | | | | |
| | |pd | |ql | | |
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| |pl | | | | | |
|pl | |pl | | | | |
| |klql| | | | | kl|
|Mate in one, White to move. The solution, 1.Qg6#, is an epaulette mate.
|An archetypal Epaulette mate}}
}}
'''Epaulette''' or '''epaulet mate''' is, in its broadest definition, a [[checkmate]] where two parallel retreat squares for a [[Check (Chess)|checked]] king are occupied by its own pieces, preventing its escape.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 46.</ref> The most common Epaulette mate involves the king on its [[glossary of chess#Back ranks|back rank]], trapped between two rooks.<ref name="about">[http://www.mark-weeks.com/aboutcom/aa03e24.htm " Checkmates with Names"], Mark Weeks, About.com: Chess</ref> The perceived visual similarity between the rooks and ''[[epaulette]]s'', ornamental shoulder pieces worn on [[military uniform]]s, gives the checkmate its name.<ref name="about"/>
The ''epaulette mate'' is, in its broadest definition, a [[checkmate]] where two parallel retreat squares for a [[Check (chess)|checked]] king are occupied by its own pieces, preventing its escape.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=46}} The most common epaulette mate involves the king on its {{chessgloss|back rank}}, trapped between two rooks.<ref name="about">[http://www.mark-weeks.com/aboutcom/aa03e24.htm " Checkmates with Names"], Mark Weeks, About.com: Chess</ref> The perceived visual similarity between the rooks and ''[[epaulette]]s'', ornamental shoulder pieces worn on [[military uniform]]s, gives the checkmate its name.<ref name="about"/> In a compendium of problems by [[László Polgár]], two elementary mate-in-one problems were given, with the solutions being epaulette mates.<ref name="Polgár">{{cite book |last=Polgár |first=László |title=Chess: 5334 Problems, Combinations, and Games |year=1994 |publisher=Tess Press |pages=76, 87, 1042 |isbn=9781579121303}} Problem numbers 127 and 193.</ref>
 
===;Example games===game
*[[Magnus Carlsen]] vs. [[Sipke Ernst]], Wijk aan Zee 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=12354781272702 Van|title=Carlsen vs. Wely–MorozevichErnst, Wijk aan Zee 2001];2004 |website=[[Loek van WelyChessgames.com]] is}}</ref> forcedCarlsen, toaged [[resignthirteen (chess)|resign]]at afterthe [[blunder (chess)|blundering]]time, intoachieved an unavoidableunusual Epaulette"sideways" epaulette mate against Ernst on his way to winning the C Group at the [[AlexanderCorus Morozevichchess tournament]] in 2004.<ref name="vanwelycarlsen">[http://www.xs4allchessbase.nlcom/~timkr/chess2/diary_5newsdetail.htmasp?newsid=1447 "Kasparov makes same mistakeThe twiceMozart andof livesChess"], [[TimMathias Krabbé]]Berntsen, Open chess diary 88Chessbase.com, January 1627, 20012004</ref>
{{Clear}}
*[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1272702 Carlsen–Ernst, Wijk aan Zee 2004]; a thirteen-year-old [[Magnus Carlsen]] achieves an unusual "sideways" Epaulette mate against Sipke Ernst on his way to winning the C Group at the [[Corus chess tournament]] in 2004.<ref name="carlsen">[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=1447 "The Mozart of Chess"], Mathias Berntsen, Chessbase.com, January 27, 2004</ref>
*[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1564559 Anand-Carlsen, Tal Memorial Blitz World Championship 2009]; when Carlsen essentially clinched the blitz world champion title.
{{clear}}
 
==Greco's mate==
 
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Line 348 ⟶ 424:
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|An archetypal Greco's mate}}
'''Greco's mate''' is a common method of checkmating. The checkmate is named after the famous Italian checkmate cataloguer [[Gioachino Greco]]. It works by using the bishop to contain the black king by use of the black g-pawn and subsequently using the queen or a rook to checkmate the king by moving it to the edge of the board.<ref>{{sfn|Renaud and |Kahn (|1962), |p. =75.</ref>}}
{{clear}}
 
==h-file mate==
{{Chess diagram small
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| | | | | | |kd|rl
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| |bl| | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|An archetypal h-file mate}}
The '''h-file mate''' involves the use of a rook attacking the black king supported by a bishop. It often comes about after the black king [[castles]] on its [[kingside]] in a [[fianchetto]] position. White usually arrives at this position after a series of sacrifices on the h-file.
 
Although it is called the h-file mate, it can also occur on other files, so for example with the uncastled black king on e8 and a white rook on d8 protected by a white bishop on g5.
{{clear}}
 
Line 381 ⟶ 439:
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|An archetypal Hookhook mate}}
The '''Hookhook mate''' involves the use of a white rook, knight, and pawn along with one blackenemy pawn to limit the blackenemy king's escape. The rook is protected by the knight, and the knight is protected by the pawn, while the pawn also attacks one of the enemy king's escape squares.
{{clear}}
 
==Kill box mate==
{{Chess diagram small
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|The kill box mate
}}
The ''kill box mate'' is a box-shaped checkmate. The checkmate is delivered by a rook with the queen's assistance. The rook is adjacent to the king, while the queen supports the rook, being separated from it by one empty square on the same diagonal as the rook. This forms a 3 by 3 box shape, inside which the enemy king is trapped. The king could be anywhere on the board, but must have no escape squares available to him due either to being on the edge of the board or to being blocked off by friendly or enemy pieces.
{{clear}}
 
Line 390 ⟶ 465:
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|A typical king and two bishops checkmatemate}}
KingThe ''king and two bishops checkmatemate'' is one of the four basic checkmates along with Queen mate, Rook mate, and the [[bishopBasic andcheckmate|basic knight checkmatecheckmates]]. It occurs when the king with two bishops force the bare king to the corner of the board to force a possible mate.
{{clear}}
 
Line 406 ⟶ 481:
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|Checkmate with a king and two knights, but it cannot be forced.}}
In a [[two knights endgame]], the side with the king and two knights ''{{em|cannot''}} checkmate a bare king by {{chessgloss|forced mate|force}}. This endgame should be a [[draw (chess)|draw]] if the bare king plays correctly. A mate only occurs only if the player with the bare king [[blunder (chess)|blunders]]. In some circumstances, if the side with the bare king alsoinstead has a pawn, it is possible to set up this type of checkmate.
{{clear}}
 
==Ladder mate (lawnmower mate) <span class="anchor" id="ladder mate"></span><span class="anchor" id="lawnmower mate"></span>==
==Légal mate==
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|A typical ladder mate}}
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|An alternate pattern with a queen and rook}}
{{col-end}}
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The ''ladder mate'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ago |first=Beauknowsin #chess • 3 Years |date=2017-10-26 |title=Chess Lessons for Beginners #1 – The Ladder Checkmate! |url=https://steemit.com/chess/@beauknows/chess-lessons-for-beginners-1-the-ladder-checkmate |access-date=2020-06-05 |website=Steemit |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Checkmate 101 |website=ChessKid |url=https://www.chesskid.com/article/view/checkmate-101#:~:text=The%20first%20of%20the%20basic,king%20on%20an%20empty%20board.&text=It%20is%20often%20called%20the,rooks%20resembles%20climbing%20a%20latter. }}</ref> also known as a ''lawnmower mate'', is by far one of the most common checkmate patterns. In this mate, two major pieces (which can be two queens, two rooks or one rook and one queen) work together to push the enemy king to one side of the board.
{{clear}}
 
==Légal's mate==
{{main|Légal Trap}}
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|An archetypal Légal's mate}}
{{col-break}}
In the '''Légal mate''', two knights and a bishop coordinate to administer checkmate.
{{Chess diagram small
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|An alternative pattern, with the mate delivered by a bishop}}
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In ''Légal's mate'', two knights and a bishop coordinate to administer checkmate. Alternatively, the mate may be delivered by a bishop on g5.
{{clear}}
 
Line 448 ⟶ 579:
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|An archetypal Lolli's mate}}
'''Lolli's mate''' is a common method of checkmating. The checkmate involves infiltrating Black's [[fianchetto]] position using both a pawn and queen. The queen often gets to the h6 -square by means of sacrifices on the h-file. It is named after [[Giambattista Lolli]].
{{clear}}
 
==Max Lange's mate==
 
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{{Chess diagram small
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| White mates in 4 moves
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| 1.Qe8+ Kh7 2.Bg8+ Kh8 3.Bf7+ Kh7 4.Qg8#
}}
{{col-break}}
{{Chess diagram small
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| An archetypal Max Lange's mate
| | | | | | |ql|
| | | | | |bl|pd|kd
Line 463 ⟶ 614:
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| Final position after 4 moves}}
|An archetypal Max Lange's mate}}
{{col-break}}
'''Max Lange's mate''' is a common method of checkmating. The checkmate is named after [[Max Lange]]. It works by using the bishop and queen to checkmate the king.
{{Chess diagram small
| tright
| Anderssen vs. Lange, 1859
|rd| | | |kd| | |
|pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|
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| | |bd|pd|pl| | |pl
| | | | |qd| | |
| |bl| |pd| |ql| |
|pl|pl|pl|pl| | |pl|
|rl|nl|bl| | | | |kl
| 17...Qh4+ 18.Qh3 Qe1+ 19.Kh2 Bg1+ 20.Kh1 Bf2+ 21.Kh2 Qg1#
}}
{{col-end}}
|}
''Max Lange's mate'' is named after [[Max Lange]], who first used it in a game against [[Adolf Anderssen]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Anderssen vs. Lange, 1859 |url=https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1019074 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] |access-date=11 April 2025}}</ref> In this mating pattern, the queen delivers the check, supported by a bishop that both defends the queen and covers an escape square.
{{clear}}
 
==MorphyMayet's mate==
 
{{Chess diagram small
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| | | | | | |kd|rl
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|An archetypal Mayet's mate}}
''Mayet's mate'' involves the use of a rook attacking the black king supported by a bishop. It often comes about after the black king [[castling|castles]] on its {{chessgloss|kingside}} in a [[fianchetto]] position. White usually arrives at this position after a series of sacrifices on the a-file or h-file. It is a type of [[#Anderssen's mate|Anderssen's mate]] and closely resembles the [[#Opera mate|Opera mate]]. The "h-file" mate is an apt description, but the pattern is properly called "Mayet's mate" after the German player [[Carl Mayet]]. See variation description in Anderssen's mate given above.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=107}}
{{clear}}
 
==Morphy's mate==
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{{Chess diagram small
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| White mates in 5 moves
| | | | | |rd|kd|
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| 1.Rxg7+ Kh8 2.Rxf7+ Kg8 3.Rg7+ Kh8 4.Rg1+ Rf6 5.Bxf6#
}}
{{col-break}}
{{Chess diagram small
| tright
| An archetypal Morphy's mate
| | | | | | | |kd
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Line 480 ⟶ 681:
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| Final position after 5 moves
|An archetypal Morphy's mate}}
}}
'''Morphy's mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It was named after [[Paul Morphy]]. It works by using the bishop to attack the black king and a rook and Black's own pawn to confine it.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 142.</ref><ref>This mate derives from the game [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1242884 Louis Paulsen vs. Paul Morphy] (November 8, 1857 in New York City, New York (First American Chess Congress)). Morphy didn't use this mating pattern to defeat Paulsen; instead, Morphy sacrificed his queen to remove the pawn in front of White's castled king, exposing the king to series of checks by Black's rook and bishop. (Morphy then added more pieces to the attack against White's king, rendering White's position hopeless; so White resigned.)</ref> In many respects it is very similar to the [[#Corner mate|Corner mate]].
{{col-end}}
|}
''Morphy's mate'' is a common method of checkmating. It was named after [[Paul Morphy]]. It works by using the bishop to attack the black king and a rook and Black's own pawn to confine it.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=142}}<ref>This mate derives from the game [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1242884 Louis Paulsen vs. Paul Morphy] (November 8, 1857 in New York City, New York (First American Chess Congress)). Morphy did not use this mating pattern to defeat Paulsen; instead, Morphy sacrificed his queen to remove the pawn in front of White's castled king, exposing the king to series of checks by Black's rook and bishop. (Morphy then added more pieces to the attack against White's king, rendering White's position hopeless; so White resigned.)</ref> In many respects it is very similar to the [[#Corner mate|corner mate]].
 
Note that for a bishop on f6, capturing on f7 is incorrect since upon giving the rook retreat, the black rook would simply capture the bishop.
{{clear}}
 
Line 496 ⟶ 702:
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|An archetypal Operaopera mate}}
The '''Operaopera mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It works by attacking thean uncastled king on the back rank with a rook using a bishop to protect it. AAn enemy pawn or othera piece other than a knight ofis used to restrict the enemy king's movement. It is useda totype restrictof its[[#Anderssen's movementmate|Anderssen's mate]] and closely resembles [[#Mayet's mate|Mayet's mate]]. The checkmate was named after its implementation by [[Paul Morphy]] in 1858 at a game at the Paris opera against [[Duke Karl of Brunswick]] and Count Isouard,; see [[Opera game]].
{{clear}}
 
==Pawn mate (David and Goliath mate) <span class="anchor" id="pawn mate"></span>==
==Pillsbury's mate==
{{Chess diagram small
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|An archetypal pawn mate}}
The ''pawn mate'', also known as the ''David and Goliath mate'', is a common method of checkmating. Although the pawn mate can take many forms, it is characterized generally as a mate in which a pawn is the final attacking piece and where enemy pawns are nearby. Its alternate name is taken from the [[Bible|biblical]] account of [[Goliath|David and Goliath]].
{{clear}}
 
==Pillsbury's mate==
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{{Chess diagram small
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| White mates in 3 moves
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| 1.Rg1+ Kh8 2.Bg7+ Kg8 3.Bxf6#
}}
{{col-break}}
{{Chess diagram small
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| An archetypal Pillsbury's mate
| | | | | |rd|kd|
| | | | | |pd| |pd
| | | | | |bl| |
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| |bl| | | | | |
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| Final position after 3 moves
|Pillsbury's mate example. 1.Rxg7+ Kh8 2.Rg1+ Rf6 3.Bxf6#}}
}}
'''Pillsbury's mate'''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dqg7p3oB9P0C&lpg=PA205&dq=Pillsbury's%20mate%20chess&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q=Pillsbury's%20mate%20chess&f=false] Teach Yourself Visually Chess By Jon Edwards</ref> is a common method of checkmating and is named for [[Harry Nelson Pillsbury]]. It works by attacking the king with either the rook or bishop as shown to the right.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 128.</ref> The king can be either on the g8 or h8 square during the checkmate.
{{col-end}}
|}
''Pillsbury's mate''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dqg7p3oB9P0C&dq=Pillsbury%27s+mate+chess&pg=PA205] Teach Yourself Visually Chess By Jon Edwards</ref> is a common method of checkmating and is named for [[Harry Nelson Pillsbury]]. It works by attacking the king with the rook while the bishop is cutting off the king.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=128}} It is very similar to Morphy's Mate, in fact in some ways they are interchangeable, the main difference is that in Pillsbury's mate, the bishop could be on h6.
{{clear}}
 
==Queen mate==
{{main|Checkmate#King and Queenqueen}}
{{Chess diagram small
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| | | |kd| | | |
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|A typical Queenqueen mate}}
QueenThe ''queen mate'' is one of the four major[[Checkmate#Basic checkmates|basic along with Box mate, king and two bishops checkmate, and bishop and knight checkmatecheckmates]]. It occurs when the side with the king and queen force the bare king to the edge or corner of the board. The queen checkmates the bare king with the support of the allied king.
 
In line with Damiano's bishop mate earlier, this could be seen as 'Damiano's king mate'.
 
{{clear}}
 
Line 544 ⟶ 791:
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | |rl| | | |kl
|An archetypal Réti's mate}}
'''Réti's mate''' is a famous method of checkmating. The checkmate is named after [[Richard Réti]], who delivered it in an 11-move [game<ref>{{cite web |title=Chessgames.com |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1250654 game]|website=Chessgames.com}}</ref> against [[Savielly Tartakower]] in 1910 in [[Vienna]]. It works by trapping the enemy king with four of its own pieces that are situated on flight squares and then attacking it with a bishop that is protected by a rook or queen.
{{clear}}
 
==Rook mate (box mate)==
{{main|Checkmate#King and rook}}
{{Chess diagram small
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|rl| | |kd| | | |
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|A typical rook mate}}
The ''rook mate'' is one of the four [[Checkmate#Basic checkmates|basic checkmates]]. It occurs when the side with the king and rook box in the bare king to the corner or edge of the board. The mate is delivered by the rook along the edge rank or file, and escape towards the centre of the board is blocked by the king.
{{clear}}
 
Line 554 ⟶ 818:
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| |kl | | | | | |
|A typical Smotheredsmothered mate}}
''[[Smothered mate]]'' is a common method of checkmating. It occurs when a knight checkmates a king that is smothered (surrounded) by his friendly pieces and he has nowhere to move nor is there any way to capture the knight.<ref>{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=35}} andOne Kahncommon (1962),checkmating p.pattern 35.</ref>finishing with Ita smothered mate is also known as ''Philidor's Legacy'' after [[François-André Danican Philidor]], though its documentation predates Philidor by several hundred years.<ref name="Golladay2007">{{cite book|author=Sonja Musser Golladay|title=Los Libros de Acedrex Dados E Tablas: Historical, Artistic and Metaphysical Dimensions of Alfonso X's "Book of Games".|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aImR3uIw0kwC&pg=PA278|year=2007|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=978-0-549-27434-6|pages=278–}}</ref>
{{clear}}
 
==Stamma's mate==
{{chess diagram-fen
|fen=8/8/8/8/8/p2N4/k1K5/8
|size=23
|align=tright
|reverse=false
|header=Stamma's mate
|footer=White wins with either side to move.
}}
<!-- {{Chess diagram small
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Stamma's mate (named for [[Philipp Stamma]]) is a rare endgame pattern in which a player is able to force mate with only a king and knight, due to the opponent's king being trapped in front of an advanced rook's pawn.
 
In the diagram, White to move wins:<ref>{{harvnb|Emms|2004|p=122}}</ref>
: '''1. Nb4+ Ka1'''
: '''2. Kc1 a2'''
: '''3. Nc2#'''
 
White also wins if Black is to move first:
: '''1... Ka1'''
: '''2. Nc1 a2'''
: '''3. Nb3#'''
 
==Suffocation mate==
Line 578 ⟶ 877:
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|An archetypal Suffocationsuffocation mate}}
The '''Suffocationsuffocation mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It works by using the knight to attack the enemy king and the bishop or queen to confine the king's escape routes.
{{clear}}
 
==Swallow's tail mate (guéridon mate) <span class="anchor" id="Swallow's tail mate"></span>==
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"
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{{Chess diagram small
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Line 594 ⟶ 898:
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| | | | | | | |
|An archetypal Swallowswallow's tail mate}}
{{col-break}}
'''Swallow's tail mate''' also known as the '''Guéridon mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It works by attacking the enemy king with a queen that is protected by a rook or other piece. The enemy king's own pieces (in this example, rooks) block its means of escape.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 44.</ref> It resembles the [[#Epaulette mate|Epaulette mate]].
{{Chess diagram small
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|
| |bd| |qd| | | |
| | |kd| | | | |
| | |ql| | | | |
| | | | | | | |
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| | | | | |bl| |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|Other archetypal swallow's tail mate}}
{{col-end}}
|}
The ''swallow's tail mate'', also known as the ''guéridon mate'', is a common method of checkmating. It works by attacking the enemy king with a queen that is protected by a rook or other piece. The enemy king's own pieces (in this example, rooks) block its means of escape.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=44}} It resembles the [[#Epaulette mate|epaulette mate]].
{{clear}}
 
==Triangle mate==
{{Chess diagram small
| tright
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| | | |rl| | | |
| | | | |kd|pd| |
| | | |ql| | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|An archetypal triangle mate}}
The ''triangle mate'' involves a queen, supported by a rook on the same file two squares away, delivering checkmate to a king that is either at the edge of the board or whose escape is blocked by a piece; the queen, rook, and king together form a triangular shape, hence the name of the mating pattern.
{{clear}}
 
==Vuković's mate==
{{Chess diagram small
| tright
|
| | | | |kd| | |
| | | | |rl| | |
| | | | |nl|kl| |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|An archetypal Vuković's mate}}
''Vuković’s mate'' is a mate involving a protected rook which delivers checkmate to the king at the edge of the board, while a knight covers the remaining escape squares of the king. The rook is usually protected with either the king or a pawn.<ref name="Vuković">[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chesscollection?cid=1030348] Chess Games, Vuković Mate Examples</ref>
 
This pattern was famously used by 13-year-old [[Bobby Fischer]] in 1956 to checkmate [[Donald Byrne]] in what is now commonly known as the [[Game of the Century (chess)|Game of the Century]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1008361 |title=Donald Byrne vs. Robert James Fischer |website=[[Chessgames.com]] }} </ref>
{{clear}}
 
==See also==
* [[{{seclink|Outline of chess#Checkmate patterns|''Outline of chess: Checkmate patterns'']]}}
*[[Boden's Mate]]
*[[Fool's mate]]
*[[Légal Trap]]
*[[Scholar's mate]]
 
==NotesReferences==
{{reflist|35em}}
 
'''Bibliography'''
==References==
*{{Citationcite book
|last1 = Renaud |first1 = Georges
|last=Schiller|first=Eric|authorlink=Eric Schiller
|last2 = Kahn |first2 = Victor
|year=1999
|author-link1 = Georges Renaud
|title=Encyclopedia of Chess Wisdom
|author-link2 = Victor Kahn
|publisher=Cardoza
|translator-last = Taylor |translator-first = W. J.
|isbn=0-940685-93-0}}
|title = The Art Of Checkmate
*George Renaud and Victor Kahn, with W.J. Taylor, trans., ''The Art of Checkmate'' (Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1962; reprint of: New York, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953).
|year = 1962
|publisher = [[Dover Publications]]; reprint of: [[Simon & Schuster]]
|publication-place = New York
|publication-date = 1953
<!-- |isbn = 0-486-20106-6 -->
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Schiller
|first = Eric
|author-link = Eric Schiller
|year = 1999
|title = Encyclopedia of Chess Wisdom
|publisher = [[Cardoza Books]]
|isbn = 0-940-68593-0
|url-access = registration
|url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00schi
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Emms
|first = John
|author-link = John Emms (chessmaster)
|year = 2004
|title = Starting Out: Minor Piece Endgames
|publisher = [[Everyman Chess]]
|isbn= 1-85744-359-4
}}
 
==Further reading==
*{{citation
| last = Kurzdorfer
| first=Peter
| title=The Everything Chess Basics Book
| publisher=Adams Media
| year=2003
| isbn= 978-1-58062-586-9}}
| url-access=registration
| url=https://archive.org/details/everythingchessb0000kurz
}}
*{{citation
| last = Silman|first=Jeremy|authorlinkauthor-link=Jeremy Silman
| title=The Complete Book of Chess Strategy
| publisher=Silman-James Press
| year=1998
| isbn= 978-1-890085-01-8}}
*{{citation
| last = Kopec | first=Danny
| title=Practical Middlegame Techniques
| publisher = Simon & Schuster, Paramount Publishing
| year=1997
| isbn=1-85744-142-7 }}
 
==External links==
{{Chess}}
[https://lichess.org/practice Checkmate patterns practice] [[Lichess]]
 
{{Chess|state=collapsed}}
 
[[Category:Chess checkmates]]
[[Category:Chess terminology]]
 
[[da:Matbillede]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkmate_pattern"