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{{Short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2022}}
{{Russian military}}
Modern '''Russian military ranks''' trace their roots to the [[Table of Ranks]] established by [[
==
The
Upon the formation of ''[[Streltsy|Strelets troops]]'' in the mid-16th century, the low-level commanding officers were appointed to one of the following ranks:
* '''strelets''' ({{langx|ru|стреле́ц|label=none}}), a basic soldier
* '''desyatnik''' ({{langx|ru|деся́тник|lit= of ten men|label=none}}), acting as [[sergeant]]/[[corporal]]
* '''[[sotnik]]''' ({{langx|ru|со́тник|lit= of one hundred men|label=none}}), acting as [[Captain (OF-2)|captain]]
These were not ''personal'' ranks and were retained only as long as the officer held the position. For battles, the ''knyaz'' organized his troops into temporary high-level units, usually a '''polk''' (полк, [[Common Slavonic|Old Slavonic]] for ''group of troops''), a [[regiment]] commanded by a '''golova''' (голова́, ''head'') or '''[[voevode|voyevoda]]''' (воево́да, ''war leader''); these commanding positions were not permanent and did not persist after the battle. The [[cossack]] [[cavalry]] units had their own ranks of '''[[cossack|Kazak]]''' (коза́к), '''[[yesaul]]''' (есау́л) and '''[[hetman|ataman]]''' (атама́н); they were not comparable to the ''strelets'' ranks.
Upon the formation of standing [[regiment]]s (''prikaz'', later '''polk''') by Ivan IV, new ranks insinuated themselves into the hierarchy between the existing grades: '''pyatidesyatnik''' (пятидеся́тник, ''of fifty men'') acting as lieutenant, '''golova''' acting as [[colonel]] of the regiment (also, ''tysyatskiy'' (ты́сяцкий, 'of thousand men'). Later, a '''polugolova''' (полуголова́. ''half-golova'') rank appeared; eventually ''golova'' was renamed '''[[polkovnik]]''' (полко́вник, ''of the polk''), and ''polugolova'' was renamed '''podpolkovnik''' (sub-polkovnik). As usual, [[voevode|voyevoda]] was simply a ''[[commander]]'' of a large military group and not a rank of any kind.
Later, under the Romanov dynasty the [[Company (military unit)|companies]] of foreign [[mercenary|mercenaries]] were formed; these incorporated the foreign ranks of Lieutenant and ''[[Rittmeister]]''. They were later changed into the [[Regiments of the new type|New Regiments]] of the Streltsy Troops and more Western ranks were adopted, including ''General''. Finally, by 1680 the ranks of the New Regiments were unified with ''Strelets'' Troops.
{| class="wikitable"
! '''Category''' !! Foreign regiments !! [[Streltsy]]
! style="background:#cfcfcf;" colspan=2| [[File:Flag of NATO.svg|25px]] rank
|-
| Private ranks
| '''[[
| '''Strelets''' (стреле́ц)
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|OR-1<ref name="NATO2">The abbreviation "OR" stands for ''"Other Ranks / fr: sous-officiers et militaires du rang / ru:другие ранги, кроме офицероф"''</ref>
| [[Private (rank)|Private]]/Soldier
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Non-commissioned officer]](s)<br /><small>(ru: У́нтер-офице́р(ы)) <br />(de: [[Unteroffizier]](e))</small>
| '''Kapral''' (капра́л; en: corporal)
| '''Desyatnik''' (деся́тник; en: group leader of ten)
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|OR-2
| [[Corporal]]
|-
|
| style="text-align:center;"
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|OR-8
| [[Master sergeant]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Company-grade officer]]s<br /><small>(ru: Обер-офице́р(ы)))<br />(de: Oberoffizier(e)</small>
| '''[[Praporshchik]]''' (пра́порщик, ''Flag
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|[[OF-1]]b<ref name="NATO1">The abbreviation "OF" stands for de: ''"Offizier / en: officer / fr: officier / ru: офицер"''</ref>
|
*[[Officer cadet]]
*[[Ensign (rank)|Ensign]]
|-
| '''Leytenant''', '''[[Poruchik]]''' (лейтена́нт, пору́чик
| '''Pyatidesyatnik''' (пятидеся́тник; en: group leader of fifty)
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|OF-1a
| 1st Lieutenant
|-
| '''[[Captain (armed forces)|Kapitan]]''', '''Rotmistr''' (ru: капита́н, ро́тмистр; the latter is adaptation of German [[Rittmeister]])
| '''[[Sotnik]]''' (со́тник; en: group leader of one hundred)
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|OF-2
| [[Captain (land and air)|Captain]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Line
| '''Mayor''' (ru: майо́р)
| style="text-align:center;"
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|OF-3
| Major
|-
| '''
| '''Polugolova''', also '''pyatisotenny golova''' (полуголова́, пятисо́тенный голова́)
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|OF-4
| [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
|-
| '''[[Polkovnik]]''' (полко́вник, from [[Russian language|Russian]] ''polk'' for [[regiment]])
| '''Golova''', also '''polkovnik''' (
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|OF-5
| [[Colonel]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |
| '''General-
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|OF-6
| [[Major general]]
|-
| '''General-
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="background:#cfcfcf;"|OF-7
| [[Lieutenant general]]
|}
==
{{main| Ranks and rank insignia of the Russian armed forces until 1917}}
During the beginning of
The officers were styled according to their rank as defined by the [[Table of Ranks|Table]].
===
By
''Captain-Poruchik'' rank is comparable to ''Lieutenant Captain''. Note that ''Poruchik'' can sometimes be styled as ''Poru'''t'''chik'', as it was originally written by the [[Peter I of Russia|tsar]]
In the 1798–1884 timeline, the General ranks were streamlined and the Brigadier rank was abolished. The Captain-Poruchik rank was reestablished again, this time as [[Stabskapitän|Staff-Captain]]. The Second Major and First Major ranks were united. In 1826, the Russian Army adopted shoulder insignia and distinct [[Cossack]] cavalry ranks.
In 1884, Major and Captain-Lieutenant ranks were abolished again and the ranks below were shifted several grades up. The latter was not reintroduced until 1907, but then again abolished in 1911.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Ranks of the [[Imperial Russian Army]]
! Grade
! Category
!
! [[Cavalry]] (
! [[Artillery]], [[Engineer]]
! [[Cossacks]]
|-
|rowspan="4" |Generals
|colspan="4"|[[Generalissimo#Russia and the Soviet Union|Generalissimo]] ('''Генерали́ссимус''')<br>
[[Field Marshal|General-Fieldmarshal]] of Russia ('''генерал-фельдмаршал''')
|-
! II
|[[General-in-Chief|Général en Chef]] ('''генера́л-анше́ф''') (1730—1796)<br>
[[General of the Infantry (Imperial Russia)|General of the Infantry]] ('''генера́л от инфанте́рии ''') (1796–1917)<br>
[[Adjutant General]] ('''генера́л-адъюта́нт''' ) (1701–1917)<br>
[[Quartermaster General]] ('''генера́л-квартирме́йстер''') (1701–1916)
|[[General of the Cavalry]] ('''генера́л от кавале́рии''')
|[[General of the Artillery (Imperial Russia)|General of the Artillery]] ('''генера́л от артилле́рии''') (since 1796)<br>
General [[Feldzeugmeister]] ('''генера́л-фельдцейхме́йстер''') until 1796<br>
[[Engineer-General]] ('''инжене́р-генера́л''') (since 1802)<br>
General [[Provisionsmeister]] ('''генера́л-провиантме́йстер''') until 1796
| No equivalent
|-
! III
|colspan="2" | [[Lieutenant General|General-Poruchik]] ('''генера́л-пору́чик''') (until 1800)<br>[[Lieutenant General]] ('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''') (since 1800)
| [[Lieutenant General|General-Poruchik]] ('''генера́л-пору́чик''')
| [[Lieutenant General]] ('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''')
|-
! IV
|colspan="4"|[[Major General]] ('''генера́л-майо́р''')
|-
! V
|rowspan="4" | [[Stab-ofizer]]s
|colspan="2" | [[Brigadier]] ('''бригади́р''') (until 1798)
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| No equivalent
|-
! VI
|colspan="3" | [[Polkovnik]] (''полко́вник'')
|''Polkovnik''
|-
! VII
|colspan=2|
* [[Podpolkovnik]] (''подполко́вник'')
* [[Krigskomissar]] logistics (''Кригскомиссар по снабжению'') 1713—1868
|''Podpolkovnik''
|''Podpolkovnik'' (abolished 1884),<br> Cossack major, ''Войсковой старшина'' (from 1884 onward)
|-
!rowspan="2" |VIII
|colspan="2" |[[Prime major|Premier/First Major]] ('''премье́р-майо́р''')<br> [[Second major (rank)|Second major]] ('''секу́нд-майо́р''') (both until 1827),<br> Major ('''майо́р''')
|Major ('''майо́р''')
|Cossack Major ('''войсковой старшина''') (until 1884)
|-
!rowspan="7" |[[Ober-ofizer]]s
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | —
| [[Kapitan (rank)|Kapitan]] (''капита́н'')
|[[Yesaul]] ('''есаул''')
|-
! IX
| [[Kapitan (rank)|Kapitan]] (''капита́н'')
| [[Rittmeister]]/Ride Master ('''ро́тмистр''')
|Captain-[[Poruchik]]/Captain Lieutenant ('''капита́н-пору́чик''') (until 1731 and since 1765)
|Junior [[Yesaul]] ('''подъесаул''')
|-
! X
| Captain-[[Poruchik]]/Captain lieutenant ('''капита́н-пору́чик''') (until 1731)<br>[[Stabskapitän|Stabs-Captain]]/Staff captain ('''штабс-капита́н''')
|Stabs-[[Rittmeister]]/Staff-Ritmeister/Ride Master ('''штабс-ро́тмистр''') (until 1798)
|[[Poruchik]] ('''пору́чик''')
||Centurion ('''сотник''')
|-
! XI
|colspan="2" |Leytenant ('''лейтена́нт''') or [[Poruchik]] ('''пору́чик''') (since 1765)
|Sub-[[Poruchik]]/Sub-lieutenant ('''подпору́чик''') (since 1765)
|[[Ensign (rank)|Ensign]] ('''хорунжий''')
|-
! XII
|colspan="2" |[[Lieutenant]] ('''лейтена́нт''') or [[Poruchik]] ('''пору́чик''') (until 1765); Sub-[[Poruchik]]/Sub-lieutenant ('''подпору́чик''') since 1765
|Sub-[[Poruchik]]/Sub-lieutenant ('''подпору́чик''') (until 1765)
|-
! XIII
|colspan="2" |Sub-[[Poruchik]]/[[Sub-lieutenant]] ('''подпору́чик''') (until 1765)
|Bayonet-[[Junker (Russia)|Junker]] ('''штык-ю́нкер'''); [[Praporshchik]]/Ensign ('''пра́порщик''') since 1765
|No equivalent
|-
! XIV
|[[Praporshchik]]/[[Ensign (rank)|Fähnrich]]/Senior Ensign ('''пра́порщик / фе́нрих / фе́ндрик''')
|[[Cornet (military rank)|Cornet]] ('''корне́т''')
|[[Praporshchik|Deputy Praporshchik]]/Ensign ('''зауряд-пра́порщик''')
|No equivalent
|-
! rowspan="6" colspan="2" |Unter-ofizers
|[[Praporshchik|Deputy Praporshchik]]/Probationary Ensign ('''зауряд-пра́порщик''') (since 1884)<br>
[[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (1826–1884)<br>
[[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1765–1826)<br>
Senior [[Sergeant]] ('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')
|[[Wachtmeister]]/Watch Master ('''вáхмистр''') (until 1884); none (since 1884)
|[[Praporshchik|Deputy Praporshchik]]/Probationary Ensign ('''зауряд-пра́порщик''') (since 1884)<br>
[[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]]/Junior Ensign('''подпра́порщик''') (1826–1884)<br>
[[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1765–1826)
|No equivalent
|-
|[[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (since 1884)<br>
[[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1826–1884)<br>
Portupey [[Praporshchik]] ('''портупе́й пра́порщик''') (1798–1826)<br>
[[Sergeant]] ('''сержа́нт''') (1765–1798)<br>
[[Junior Sergeant]] ('''мл́адший сержа́нт''')
|[[Wachtmeister]] ('''вáхмистр''') (since 1884)<br>
[[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1826–1884)<br>
Estandart [[Junker]] ('''эстандáрт-ю́нкер''') (1798–1826)
| [[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]]/Junior Ensign ('''подпра́порщик''') (since 1884)<br>
[[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1826–1884)<br>
Portupey [[Junker]] ('''портупéй-ю́нкер''') (1798–1826)
|Junior Ensign ('''подхорунжий''')
|-
|[[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1884–1917)<br>
[[Sergeant]] ('''сержа́нт''') (1826–1884)<br>
[[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (until 1826)
|
[[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1884–1917)<br>
[[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (1765–1826)<br>
[[Gefreit-Corporal]] ('''гефре́йт-капра́л''') (1731–1765)
|[[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1884–1917)<br>
[[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (until 1826)
||[[Wachtmeister]] ('''вáхмистр''') (since 1884)<br>
|-
|colspan="2" |[[Armorer|Kaptenarmus]] ('''каптена́рмус'''); Senior [[Unteroffizier]]/Under Officer ('''ста́рший у́нтер-офице́р''') (since 1800)
|Senior Gunner ('''старший фейерверкер''')
|Senior Warden ('''старший урядник''')
|-
|colspan="3"|[[Farrier]] ('''фурье́р''')
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Corporal]] ('''капра́л'''); [[Unteroffizier]] ('''у́нтер-офице́р''') (later Junior Unteroffizier) ('''младший унтер-офицер''')
|Junior Gunner ('''младший фейерверкер''')
|Junior Warden ('''младший урядник''')
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Privates
|colspan="2"|[[Gefreiter]] ('''гефре́йтор''')
|[[Bombardier (rank)|Bombardier]] ('''бомбардир''')
|Trooper First Class ('''приказный''')
|-
|[[Private (rank)|Private]], [[Musketeer]], [[Fusilier]], [[Skirmisher|Jaeger]], [[Grenadier]], [[Pikemen|Pikenier]], [[Hajduk]], [[Strelets]], [[Bow (weapon)|Archer]], [[Rifleman]] etc. ('''рядовой, мушкетёр, фузилёр, е́герь, гренадёр, пикинёр, гайду́к, стреле́ц, лу́чник''' и т.д.)
|[[Dragoon]], [[Hussar]], [[Cuirassier]]s, [[Uhlan]], [[Lancer]], [[Chevau-léger]], Horse Grenadier, [[Carabinier]], etc. ('''драгу́н, гуса́р, кираси́р, улáн, ланцéр''' и т.д.)
|[[Cannon]]ier, [[Gunner (artillery)|Gunner]], [[Handlanger]], [[Sapper]], [[Pioneer (military)|Pioneer]], [[Miner]], [[Pontoon (boat)|Pontooner]] etc. ('''канони́р, гандлаге́р, сапёр, пионе́р, минёр, понтонёр''' и т.д.)
|[[Cossack]] ('''каза́к''')
|}
=== 1722–1917: Navy ===
As stated earlier, most of the naval ranks and rates were formed from scratch in the 18th century, with many changes since then. Ranks for naval infantry, shore service personnel, and engineers would only come in the 19th century.
{{anchor|Ranks_of_the_Imperial_Russian_Navy}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Ranks of the [[Imperial Russian Navy]] (Deck personnel)
!Grade
!Category
!Rank
|-
!I
| rowspan="4" |Admirals
| [[General Admiral]] ('''генера́л-адмира́л''')
|-
!II
|[[Admiral]] ('''адмира́л''')
|-
!III
|[[Vice admiral|Vice Admiral]] ('''ви́це-адмира́л''')
|-
!IV
| [[Schout-bij-nacht]] ('''шаутбейна́хт''') until 1724; [[Rear admiral|Rear Admiral]] or [[Counter admiral|Counter Admiral]] since 1724 ('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')
|-
!V
| rowspan="4" |[[Stab-ofizer]]s
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]]-'''[[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]]''' ('''капита́н-командо́р''') (until 1764) and (1798–1826); Captain of Brigadier rank ('''капита́н брагади́рского ра́нга''') (1764–1798)
|-
!VI
|[[Captain at Sea|Captain 1st rank]] ('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''') (from 1751 onward), [[Ship-of-the-line captain]] ('''Капитан корабля''') (1701 – 1713 and 1732 – 1751)
|-
!VII
|[[Frigate captain|Captain 2nd rank]] ('''капита́н 2-го ра́нга''')
|-
!VIII
|[[Corvette captain|Captain 3rd rank]] ('''капита́н 3-го ра́нга''') (until 1730); Captain-[[Poruchik]] ('''капита́н-поручи́к''') (until 1784); [[Captain lieutenant|Captain Lieutenant]] ('''капита́н-лейтена́нт''') (since 1784)
|-
!IX
|rowspan="6" |[[Ober-ofizer]]s
|Senior Lieutenant ('''Старший лейтенант''') (1909–17),<br> [[Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant]] ('''лейтена́нт''') or [[Poruchik]] ('''пору́чик''') (since 1884)
|-
!X
|[[Unterleutnant|Unter leytenant]] ('''ýнтер лейтена́нт''') (until 1724); [[Poruchik]] ('''пору́чик''') (until 1884); [[Michman]] ('''ми́чман''') (since 1884)
|-
!XI
|Ship Secretary ('''корабе́льный секрета́рь''') (until 1834); [[Podporuchik]] ('''подпору́чик''') (until 1884)
|-
!XII
|[[Michman]] ('''ми́чман''') (1864–1884)
|-
!XIII
|[[Michman]] ('''ми́чман''') (1758–1864), Brevet Michman/Gardemarin ('''гардемарин''') (1827–1883)
|-
!XIV
|
|-
|rowspan="7" colspan="2" |[[Table of Ranks|Unter-ofizer]]s
|Senior Boatswain ('''Старший боцман''')
|-
|[[Chief Mate|Stuurman]] ('''шту́рман'''); Senior [[Unteroffizier]] ('''ста́рший у́нтер-офице́р'''); Conductor ('''кондукто́р''')
|-
|[[Skipper (boating)|Skipper]] ('''шки́пер''')
|-
|[[Michman]] ('''ми́чман''') (until 1758); [[Unteroffizier]] ('''у́нтер-офице́р''') (since 1758); [[Konstapel]] ('''конста́пель''')
|-
|[[Bootsmann]] ([[Bosun]]) ('''бо́цман'''); Shipman, ([[Schooner]]man) ('''шхи́ман''')
|-
|Sub [[Skipper (boating)|Skipper]] ('''подшхи́ман'''); Sub [[Second Mate|Stuurman]], ('''подшту́рман'''); [[Maat|Bootsmannmaat]] ('''боцманма́т'''); [[Third Mate|Shchiemanmaat]] ('''шхиманма́т''')
|-
|[[Quartermaster]] ('''квартирмéйстер''')
|-
|rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Seamen
|1st rank Seaman ('''матро́с 1-й статьи́''')
|-
|2nd rank [[Seaman (rank)|Seaman]] ('''матро́с 2-й статьи́''')
|}
{{anchor|Ranks_of_the_Imperial_Russian_Navy}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Ranks of the Imperial Russian Navy ([[Naval Infantry (Russia)|Naval Infantry]] and shore service personnel)
!Grade
!Category
!Rank
|-
|I
|rowspan="4" |General Officers
|No equivalent
|-
|II
|
|-
|III
|
|-
|IV
|
|-
|V
|rowspan="4" |
|
|-
|VI
|Admiralty Colonel ('''Полковник по адмиралтейству''')
|-
|VII
|Admiralty Lieutenant Colonel('''Подполковник по адмиралтейству''')
|-
|Admiralty Major ('''Майор по адмиралтейству''')(1830–1884),<br> Admiralty Captain ('''Капитан по адмиралтейству''')(1884–1917)
|-
|IX
|rowspan="6" |Officers
|Admiralty Captain ('''Капитан по адмиралтейству''')(1828–1884),<br> Admiralty Staff Captain ('''Штабс-капитан по адмиралтейству''') (1884–1917)
|-
|X
|
|-
|XI
|Admiralty Captain Lieutenant ('''Капитан-пору́чик по адмиралтейству''')(1907–1912),<br> Admiralty Lieutenant ('''Поручик по адмиралтейству''') (1884–1917)
|-
|XII
|Admiralty Lieutenant ('''Поручик по адмиралтейству''') (1829–1884),<br> Admiralty Sub-lieutenant ('''Подпоручик по адмиралтейству''') (1885–1917)
|-
|XIII
|
|-
|XIV
|Admiralty Ensign ('''Прапорщик по адмиралтейству''')
|-
|rowspan="6" colspan="2" |Under-Officers
|-
|Marine Acting Ensign ('''Морской зауряд-прапорщик''') (1884–1917)
|-
|Marine Junior Ensign ('''Морской подпрапорщик''')
|-
|Marine Feldwebel ('''Морской фельдфебель''') (1884–1917),<br> Marine Sergeant ('''Морской сержа́нт''') (1830–1884)
|-
|Marine Senior Unteroffizier ('''Морской старший унтер-офицер''')
|-
|
|-
|rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Privates,<br> Marines
|Marine Gefreiter, Marine Lance Corporal ('''Морской ефрейтор''')
|-
|Private, Marine ('''Морской солдат''')
|}
{{anchor|Ranks_of_the_Imperial_Russian_Navy}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Ranks of the Imperial Russian Navy (Naval Artillery and Coastal Defense)
!Grade
!Category
Line 192 ⟶ 408:
|-
|I
|
|No equivalent
|-
|II
|General of Marine Artillery ('''Генерал морской артиллерии''')
|-
|III
|Lieutenant General ('''Генерал-лейтенант морской артиллерии''')
|-
|IV
|Major General ('''Генерал-майор морской артиллерии''')
|-
|V
|
|Brigadier ('''бригади́р морской артиллерии''') (till 1830)
|-
|VI
|Colonel ('''Полковник морской артиллерии''')
|-
|VII
|Lieutenant Colonel('''Подполковник морской артиллерии''')
|-
|VIII
|Major ('''Майор морской артиллерии''')(1830–1884),<br> Captain ('''Капитан морской артиллерии''')(1884–1917)
|-
|IX
|rowspan="6" |
|Captain ('''Капитан морской артиллерии''')(1828–1884),<br> Staff Captain ('''Штабс-капитан морской артиллерии''') (1884–1917)
|-
|X
|Staff Captain ('''Штабс-капитан морской артиллерии''') (until 1884)
|-
|XI
|Captain Lieutenant ('''Капитан-пору́чик морской артиллерии''')(1907–1912),<br> Lieutenant ('''Поручик морской артиллерии''') (1884–1917)
|-
|XII
|Lieutenant ('''Поручик морской артиллерии''') (1829–1884),<br> Sub-lieutenant ('''Подпоручик морской артиллерии''') (1885–1917)
|-
|XIII
|Sub-lieutenant ('''Подпоручик морской артиллерии''') (until 1885)
|-
|XIV
|Ensign ('''Прапорщик морской артиллерии''')
|-
|rowspan="6" colspan="2" |Under-Officers
|-
|Acting Ensign ('''Морской зауряд-прапорщик морской артиллерии''') (1884–1917)
|-
|Junior Ensign ('''Морской подпрапорщик морской артиллерии''')
|-
|Marine Feldwebel ('''фельдфебель морской артиллерии''') (1884–1917),<br> Marine Sergeant ('''Морской сержа́нт''') (1830–1884)
|-
|Marine Senior Unteroffizier ('''Морской старший унтер-офицер'''), Marine Senior Gunner ('''Морской старший фейерверкер''')
|-
|Marine Junior Unteroffizier ('''Морской малдший унтер-офицер'''), Marine Junior Gunner ('''Морской младший фейерверкер'''), Marine Corporal ('''Морской капра́л''')
|-
|rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Privates,<br> Gunners
|Marine Gefreiter, Marine Lance Corporal ('''Морской ефрейтор''')
|-
|Private, Marine ('''Морской солдат''')
|}
===
{{main|Ranks and insignia of the White Movement}}
Although the [[White Movement]] generally retained the old imperial system, there were a few modifications. Most importantly, the ranks of [[praporshchik]] and [[lieutenant colonel]] were abolished as redundant by 1919.
== RSFSR and Soviet Union==
===
The [[October Revolution]] of 1917 abolished the privileges of the Russian nobility ([[Dvoryanstvo]]). The [[Table of Ranks]] was abolished and so were personal military ranks.
Based on the teachings of Karl Marx to replace a regular army with the general arming of the people, the Bolsheviks abolished the Imperial army on 16 March 1918. But the need for an armed struggle against the counter-revolution, and foreign military intervention forced the [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee|CEC]] and the [[Council of the People's Commissars|CPC]], January 15, 1918, to issue a decree establishing of the "[[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army]]", very early before the disbandment of the Imperial ground forces.
At first, the new army had no ranks, aside from the single rank of "RedArmyMan". However, due to a real need, first informally and then more formally (although no document on an introduction of ranks or names of commanders was issued) in official correspondence acronyms began to appear representing position-holder titles. For example, ''komdiv'' was an acronym of ''[[Division (military)|Division]] Commander''; likewise ''kombat'' stood for ''[[Battalion]] Commander'', etc. By the middle of the civil war (January 1919), these "positional ranks" became quite formal, and since January 1920 the names of officers were fixed by the Order of the Red Army. Instead of ranks, these were officially known as "categories of the Red Army." This system was maintained until May 1924. Some of these acronyms have survived as informal position names to the present day.
During the civil war, ships did not play a significant role. Many of the sailors and petty officers of the fleet went to fight on land in the Red Army. For a long time, a scale of naval ranks did not exist at all. Most of the naval officers were addressed either by their position or by their tsarist rank with the addition of the prefix ''byvshiy'' (abbreviated as "b."), which meant "former". In 1924, the real rehabilitation and creation of the fleet began. Personal ranks as such did not exist during this period in the Navy.
By then, the only new rank created was the Sergeant Major (Starshina) rank in the Red Army. It was first introduced in the Worker's and Peasant's Red Navy at the same time, with the old Imperial Naval rank of Bootsmann in the Navy the only old rank still used.
The [[Soviet Air Forces]] began as a committee for ex-Imperial military aviation in 1918 and was later transformed into a separate service as the Workers and Peasants Red Air Fleet. It shared the same ranks as the Army and the naval air component shared the ranks of its mother service.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan = "2" |Army appointments<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://army.armor.kiev.ua/titul/rus_5.shtml Анатомия Армии – Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия 1918–1924 гг.]</ref>
!colspan = "2" |Naval appointments<ref name=my>{{in lang|ru}} [http://army.armor.kiev.ua/titul/rusflot_1924-25.shtml Анатомия Армии – Рабоче-Крестьянский Красный Флот 1924(18)-1925 гг. ]</ref>
|-
!colspan = "2" |Categories
!Names of key posts
!Groups
|-
|rowspan = "15" |Red Commanders<br />'''Краскомы'''<br />''(Kraskomy)''
|colspan="2"|People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs<br />'''Наркомвоенмор'''<br>''(Narkomvoyenmor)''
|rowspan = "5" |'''Supreme Commanders'''<br />(Высший командный и начальствующий состав)
|-
|[[Front (Soviet Army)|Front]] Commander<br />'''Комфронта'''<br>''(Komfronta)''
|<!--''Chief of the [[Navy]]''<br />'''Начморси'''<br />''(Nachmorsi)''-->No equivalent
|-
|[[Commandarm]]<br />'''Командарм'''<br>''(Komandarm)''
|<!-- [[Naval fleet|Fleet]] Commander<br />'''Командир флота'''<br />''(Komandir flota)'' -->''Chief of the Navy''<ref name=my/><br />'''Начморси'''<br />''(Nachmorsi)''
|-
|[[Comcor]]<br />'''Комкор'''<br>''(Komkor)''
|Ship [[Division (military)|Divizia]] Chief <br />'''Начальник дивизии кораблей'''<br />''(Nachalnik divizii korabley)''
|-
|[[Comdiv]]<br />'''Начдив'''<br>''(Nachdiv)''
|Ship [[Brigade]] Commander <br />'''Командир бригады кораблей'''<br />''(Komandir brigady korabley)''
|-
|[[Combrig]]<br />'''Комбриг'''<br>''(Kombrig)''
|Ship [[Division (naval)|Divizion]] Commander<br />'''Командир дивизиона кораблей'''<br />''(Komandir diviziona korabley)''
|rowspan = "4" |'''Senior Commanders'''<br />(Старший командный и начальствующий состав)
|-
|[[Regiment]]al Commander<br>'''Комполка'''<br>''(Kompolka)''
|Ship Commander<br />'''Командир корабля'''<br />''(Komandir korablya)''
|-
|[[Combat (military rank)|Combat]]<br>'''Комбат'''<br>''(Kombat)''
|Senior Assistant of Ship Commander<br />'''Старший помощник командира корабля'''<br />''(Starshiy pomoshchnik komandira korablya)''
|-
|Assistant of [[Combat (military rank)|Combat]]<br />'''Помкомбат'''<br>''(Pomkombat)''
|Assistant of Ship Commander<br />'''Помощник командира корабля'''<br />''(Pomoshchnik komandira korablya)''
|-
|[[Company Commander]]<br />or<br />[[Squadron Leader|Escadron Commander]]<br />'''Комроты''' or '''Комэск'''<br>''(Komroty) or (Komesk)''
|Combatant Commander<br />'''Командир боевой части'''<br>''(Komandir boyevoy chasti)''
|rowspan = "3" |'''Middleweight Commanders'''<br />(Средний командный и начальствующий состав)
|-
|Assistant of [[Company Commander]]<br />or<br />Assistant of [[Squadron Leader|Escadron Commander]]<br />'''Помкомроты''' or '''Помкомэск'''<br>''(Pomkomroty) or (Pomkomesk)''
|Group Commander<br />'''Командир группы'''<br>''(Komandir gruppy)''
|-
|[[Platoon leader|Platoon Commander]]<br />'''Комвзвода'''<br>''(Komvzvoda)''
|[[Squad]] Commander<br />'''Командир отделения'''<br>''(Komandir otdeleniya)''
|-
|[[Starshina]]<br />'''Старшина'''<br>''(Starshina)''
|No equivalent
|rowspan = "3" |'''Junior Сommanders'''<br />(Младший командный и начальствующий состав)
|-
|Assistant of [[Platoon leader|Platoon Commander]]<br />'''Помкомвзвода'''<br>''(Pomkomvzvoda)''
|[[Starshina]]<br />or<br />[[Boatswain]]/[[Bootsmann]]<br />'''Старшина''' or '''боцман'''<br>''(Starshina) or (Botsman)''
|-
|[[Squad]] Commander<br />'''Комот'''<br>''(Komot)''
|No equivalent
|-
|Redarmymen<br />'''Красноармейцы'''<br>''(Krasnoarmeytsy)''
|Redarmyman<br />'''Красноармеец'''<br>''(Krasnoarmeyets)''
|Redfleetman<br />'''Краснофлотец'''<br>''(Krasnoflotets)''
|rowspan = "1" |'''Privates'''<br />(Рядовой состав)
|}
===
By that year, the ranks were expanded to match the military ranks of other countries' armed forces. The Soviet Air Forces soon received its own ranks.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan = "2"|Categories
!colspan = "3"|Names of key posts
!rowspan = "2"|Groups
|-
!Army appointments<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://army.armor.kiev.ua/titul/rus_6.shtml Анатомия Армии – Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия 1924–1935 гг.]</ref>
!Naval appointments<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://army.armor.kiev.ua/titul/rusflot_1925-35.shtml Анатомия Армии – Рабоче-Крестьянский Красный Флот 1925–1935 гг.]</ref>
!Aviation appointments
|-
|K-14
|[[Front (Soviet Army)|Front]] Commander<br />'''Командующий фронтом'''<br>''(Komanduyushchiy frontom)''
|Chief of Navy of the Republic{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}<br />'''Главнокомандующий флотом республики'''<br />''(Glavnokomanduyushchiy flotom respubliky)''<br />
|Chief of the Soviet Air Force<br />''''Hачальник BBC CCCP'''<br /> ''(Nachalnik VVS SSSR)''<br />
|rowspan = "5" |'''Supreme Commanders'''<br />(Высший командный и начальствующий состав)
|-
|K-13
|[[Commandarm]]<br />'''Командующий армией'''<br>''(Komanduyushchiy armiey)''<br />&<br />Assistant of Front Commander<br />'''Помощник командующего фронтом '''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komanduyushchego frontom)''
|[[Naval fleet|Fleet]] Commander<br />'''Командующий флотом'''<br />''(Komanduyushchiy flotom)''
|Deputy Chief of the Soviet Air Force <br />'''Помощник начальника BBC CCCP'''<br /> ''(Pomoshchnik Nachalnika VVS SSSR)''<br />
|-
|K-12
|[[Comcor]]<br />'''Командир корпуса'''<br>''(Komandir korpusa)''<br />&<br />Assistant of Army Commander<br />'''Помощник командующего армией'''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komanduyushchego armiey)''
|[[Flotilla]] Commander<br />'''Командующий флотилией'''<br />''(Komanduyushchiy flotiliey)''
| Air Brigade Commander<br />'''Командующий авиабригады'''<br /> ''(Komanduyushchiy aviabrigadi)''
|-
|K-11
|[[Comdiv]]<br />'''Командир дивизии'''<br>''(Komandir divizii)''<br />&<br />Assistant of [[Corps]] Commander <br />'''Помощник командира корпуса '''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komandira korpusa)''
|[[Squadron (naval)|Escadre]] Commander<br />'''Командующий эскадрой'''<br />''(Komanduyushchiy eskadroy)''
|
|-
|K-10
|[[Combrig]]<br />'''Командир бригады'''<br>''(Komandir brigady)''<br />&<br />Assistant of the [[Division (military)|Divizia]] Commander<br />'''Помощник командира дивизии '''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komandira divizii)''
|Ship [[Brigade]] Commander<br />'''Командир бригады кораблей'''<br />''(Komandir brigady korabley)''
| Air Squadron Commander<br /> '''Командующий эскадрильи'''<br /> ''(Komanduyushchiy eskadrily)''
|-
|K-9
|[[Regiment]]al Commander<br>'''Командир полка'''<br>''(Komandir polka)''<br />&<br />Assistant of the [[Brigade]] Commander<br />'''Помощник командира бригады'''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komandira brigady)''
|Ship Commander, 1st rank<br />'''Командир корабля 1-го ранга'''<br />''(Komandir korablya 1-go ranga)''
| Air Park Commander<br /> '''Командующий авиапарка'''<br /> ''(Komanduyushchiy aviaparka)''
|rowspan = "3" |'''Senior Commanders'''<br />(Старший командный и начальствующий состав)
|-
|K-8
|Assistant of the [[Regiment]]al Commander<br />'''Помощник командира полка'''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komandira polka)''
|Senior Assistant of Ship Commander 1st rank<br />'''Старший помощник командира корабля 1-го ранга'''<br />''(Starshiy pomoshchnik komandira korablya 1-ranga)''
| Air Flight Senior Commander<br /> '''Командующий отдельного авиаотряда'''<br /> ''(Komanduyushchiy otdelynogo aviaotryada)''
|-
|K-7
|[[Combat (military rank)|Combat]]<br>'''Командир батальона'''<br>''(Komandir bataliona)''
|Ship Commander, 2nd rank<br />'''Командир корабля 2-го ранга'''<br />''(Komandir korablya 2-go ranga)''
| Air Flight Commander<br /> '''Командующий авиаотряда'''<br /> ''(Komanduyushchiy aviaotryada)''
|-
|K-6
|Assistant of [[Battalion]] Commander<br />'''Помощник командира батальона'''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komandira bataliona)''
|Ship Commander, 3rd rank<br />'''Командир корабля 3-го ранга'''<br />''(Komandir korablya 3-go ranga)''<br />&<br />Senior Assistant of Ship Commander 2nd rank<br />'''Старший помощник командира корабля 2-го ранга'''<br />''(Starshiy pomoshchnik komandira korablya 2-ranga)''
| Air Detail Commander<br /> '''Командующий авиазвена'''<br /> ''(Komanduyushchiy aviazvena)''
|rowspan = "4" |'''Middleweight Commanders'''<br />(Средний командный и начальствующий состав)
|-
|K-5
|[[Company Commander]]<br />'''Командир роты'''<br>''(Komandir roty)''
|Ship Commander, 4th rank<br />'''Командир корабля 4-го ранга'''<br />''(Komandir korablya 4-go ranga)''<br />&<br />Senior Assistant of Ship Commander 3rd rank<br />'''Старший помощник командира корабля 3-го ранга'''<br />''(Starshiy pomoshchnik komandira korablya 3-ranga)''
| Senior Pilot<br /> '''Старший летчик'''<br /> ''(Starshiy Letchik)''
|-
|K-4
|Assistant of [[Company Commander]]<br />'''Помощник командира роты'''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komandira roty)''
|Senior Assistant of Ship Commander 4th rank<br />'''Старший помощник командира корабля 4-го ранга'''<br />''(Starshiy pomoshchnik komandira korablya 4-ranga)''
| Junior Pilot<br /> '''Младший летчик'''<br /> ''(Mladshy lyotchik)''
|-
|K-3
|[[Platoon leader|Platoon Commander]]<br />'''Командир взвода'''<br>''(Komandir vzvoda)''
|Combatant Commander<br />'''Командир боевой части'''<br>''(Komandir boyevoy chasti)''<br />&<br />Assistant of Ship Commander 4th rank<br />'''Помощник командира корабля 4-го ранга'''<br />''(Pomoshchnik komandira korablya 4-ranga)''
| Air Platoon Commander<br /> '''Командир взвода'''<br /> ''(Komandir vzvoda)''
|-
|rowspan = "2" |K-2
|[[Starshina]]<br />'''Старшина'''<br>''(Starshina)''
| Chief [[Starshina]]<br />'''Главный cтаршина'''<br />''(Glavni Starshina)''<br />,&<br />Chief [[Boatswain]]/[[Bootsmann]]<br />'''Главный боцман'''<br>''(Glavniy botsman)''
| Senior Motorist<br /> '''Старший моторист'''<br /> ''(Starshiy Motorist)''
|rowspan = "4" |'''Junior Сommanders'''<br />(Младший командный и начальствующий состав)
|-
|Assistant of [[Platoon leader|Platoon Commander]]<br />'''Помощник командира взвода'''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komandira vzvoda)''
|Senior [[Boatswain]]/[[Bootsmann]]<br />'''Старший боцман'''<br>''(Starshiy botsman)''
| Motorist<br /> '''Mоторист'''<br /> ''(Motorist)''
|-
|rowspan = "2" |K-1
|[[Squad]] Commander<br />'''Командир отделения'''<br>''(Komandir otdeleniya)''
|[[Squad]] Commander<br />'''Командир отделения'''<br>''(Komandir otdeleniya)''<br />&<br />[[Boatswain]]/[[Bootsmann]]<br />'''Боцман'''<br>''(Botsman)''
| Junior Motorist<br /> '''Младший моторист'''<br /> ''(Mladshy motorist)''
|-
|[[Fireteam]] Commander<br />'''Командир звена'''<br>''(Komandir zvena)''<br />&<br />Assistant of [[Squad]] Commander<br />'''Помощник командира отделения'''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komandira otdeleniya)''
|Group Commander<br />'''Командир группы'''<br>''(Komandir gruppy)''<br />&<br />Assistant of [[Squad]] Commander<br />'''Помощник командира отделения'''<br>''(Pomoshchnik komandira otdeleniya)''
|
|-
|-
|К-0
|Redarmyman<br />'''Красноармеец'''<br>''(Krasnoarmeyets)''
|Redfleetman<br />'''Краснофлотец'''<br>''(Krasnoflotets)''
|rowspan = "1" |Redairfleetman<br />'''Красновоздухоплаватель'''<br>''(Krasnoboedukhoplavately)''
|'''Privates'''<br />(Рядовой состав)
|}
===1935–1940===
Personal ranks were formally introduced in the Red Army on September 22, 1935, including the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union which was adopted the year before.
{{Expand section|date=April 2010}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan = "3"|Categories
!colspan = "8"|Ranks<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://victory.mil.ru/form/ranks/01/10.html ВОВ-60] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722112658/http://victory.mil.ru/form/ranks/01/10.html |date=2011-07-22 }}</ref>
|-
!colspan = "2"|Privates & Commanders
!rowspan = "2"|Political staff
!colspan = "2"|Technical staff
!rowspan = "2"|Administrative staff
!rowspan = "2"|Medical ([[Veterinarian|Vet]]) staff
!rowspan = "2"|Juristical staff
|-
!Ground and Air Forces
!Naval Forces
!Ground and Air Forces
!Naval Forces
|-
|rowspan = "4" |'''Privates and Junior Сommanders'''<br />(Рядовой и младший командный и начальствующий состав)
|Redarmyman<br />'''Красноармеец'''<br>''(Krasnoarmeyets)''
|Redfleetman<br />'''Краснофлотец'''<br>''(Krasnoflotets)''
|rowspan = "5"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "4"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "4"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "5"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "5"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "5"|No equivalent
|-
|Squad Commander<br />'''Отделенный командир'''<br>''(Otdelenniy komandir)''
|Squad Commander<br />'''Отделенный командир'''<br>''(Otdelenniy komandir)''
|-
|Junior [[Platoon leader|Platoon Commander]]<br />'''Младший комзвода'''<br>''(Mladshy komzvoda)''
|No equivalent
|-
|[[Starshina]]<br />'''Старшина'''<br>''(Starshina)''
|[[Starshina]]<br />'''Старшина'''<br>''(Starshina)''
|-
|rowspan = "3" |'''Middleweight Commanders'''<br />(Средний командный и начальствующий состав)
|[[Lieutenant#Third lieutenant|Junior Lieutenant]]<br />'''Младший лейтенант'''<br>''(Mladshy leytenant)''
|[[Lieutenant#Third lieutenant|Junior Lieutenant]]<br />'''Младший лейтенант'''<br>''(Mladsh leytenant)''
|Junior Military Technician<br />'''Младший воентехник'''<br>''(Mladshy voentekhnik)''
|Junior Military Technician<br />'''Младший воентехник'''<br>''(Mladshy voentekhnik)''
|-
|[[Lieutenant#Second lieutenant|Lieutenant]]<br />'''Лейтенант'''<br>''(Leytenant)''
|[[Lieutenant#Second lieutenant|Lieutenant]]<br />'''Лейтенант'''<br>''(Leytenant)''
|Junior [[Political commissar|Politruk]]<br />'''Младший политрук'''<br>''(Mladshy politruk)''
|Military [[Technician]] 2nd rank<br />'''Воентехник 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voentekhnik 2 ranga)''
|Military [[Technician]] 2nd rank<br />'''Воентехник 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voentekhnik 2 ranga)''
|[[Technician]]-[[Intendant]] 2nd rank<br />'''Техник-интендант 2 ранга'''<br>''(Tehnik-intendant 2 ranga)''
|Military [[Feldsher|Feldscher]] / Military [[Veterinarian|Vet]] Feldscher<br />'''Военфельдшер/ветвоенфельдшер'''<br>''(Voenfeldsher/vetvoenfeldsher)''
|Junior Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Младший военюрист'''<br>''(Mladshy voenyurist)''
|-
|[[Lieutenant#Lieutenant/first lieutenant|Senior Lieutenant]]<br />'''Старший лейтенант'''<br>''(Starshy leytenant)''
|[[Lieutenant#Lieutenant/first lieutenant|Senior Lieutenant]]<br />'''Старший лейтенант'''<br>''(Starshy leytenant)''
|[[Political commissar|Politruk]]<br />'''Политрук'''<br>''(Politruk)''
|Military [[Technician]] 1st rank<br />'''Воентехник 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voentekhnik 1 ranga)''
|Military [[Technician]] 1st rank<br />'''Воентехник 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voentekhnik 1 ranga)''
|[[Technician]]-[[Intendant]] 1st rank<br />'''Техник-интендант 1 ранга'''<br>''(Tehnik-intendant 1 ranga)''
|Senior Military [[Feldsher|Feldscher]] / Senior Military [[Veterinarian|Vet]] Feldscher<br />'''Старший военфельдшер / Старший ветвоенфельдшер'''<br>''(Starshiy voenfeldsher/Starshy vetvoenfeldsher)''
|Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Военюрист'''<br>''(Voenyurist)''
|-
|rowspan = "3" |'''Senior Commanders'''<br />(Старший командный и начальствующий состав)
|[[Captain (land and air)|Captain]]<br />'''Капитан'''<br>''(Kapitan)''
|[[Captain Lieutenant|Captain-Lieutenant]]<br />'''Капитан-лейтенант'''<br>''(Kapitan-leytenant)''
|Senior [[Political commissar|Politruk]]<br />'''Старший политрук'''<br>''(Starshiy politruk)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 3rd rank<br />'''Военинженер 3 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 3 ranga)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 3rd rank<br />'''Военинженер 3 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 3 ranga)''
|[[Intendant]] 3 rank<br />'''Интендант 3 ранга'''<br>''(Intendant 3 ranga)''
|Military [[Medic]] 3rd rank / Military [[Veterinarian]] 3rd rank<br />'''Военврач 3 ранга / Ветвоенврач 3 ранга'''<br>''(Voenvrach 3 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 3 ranga)''
|Military [[Jurist]] 3rd rank<br />'''Военюрист 3 ранга'''<br>''(Voenyurist 3 ranga)''
|-
|[[Major (rank)|Major]]<br />'''Майор'''<br>''(Mayor)''
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]], 3rd rank<br />'''Капитан 3 ранга'''<br>''(Kapitan 3 ranga)''
|[[Battalion]] [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Батальонный комиссар'''<br>''(Batalionniy komissar)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 2nd rank<br />'''Военинженер 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 2 ranga)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 2nd rank<br />'''Военинженер 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 2 ranga)''
|[[Intendant]] 2nd rank<br />'''Интендант 2 ранга'''<br>''(Intendant 2 ranga)''
|Military [[Medic]] 2nd rank / Military [[Veterinarian]] 2nd rank<br />'''Военврач 2 ранга / Ветвоенврач 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voenvrach 2 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 2 ranga)''
|Military [[Jurist]] 2nd rank<br />'''Военюрист 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voenyurist 2 ranga)''
|-
|[[Colonel]]<br>'''Полковник'''<br>''([[Polkovnik]])''
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]], 2nd rank<br />'''Капитан 2 ранга'''<br>''(Kapitan 2 ranga)''
|[[Regiment]]al [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Полковой комиссар'''<br>''(Polkovoy komissar)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 1st rank<br />'''Военинженер 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 1 ranga)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 1st rank<br />'''Военинженер 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 1 ranga)''
|[[Intendant]] 1st rank<br />'''Интендант 1 ранга'''<br>''(Intendant 1 ranga)''
|Military [[Medic]] 1st rank / Military [[Veterinarian]] 1st rank<br />'''Военврач 1 ранга / Ветвоенврач 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voenvrach 1 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 1 ranga)''
|Military [[Jurist]] 1st rank<br />'''Военюрист 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voenyurist 1 ranga)''
|-
|rowspan = "6" |'''Supreme Commanders'''<br />(Высший командный и начальствующий состав)
|[[Combrig]]<br />'''Комбриг'''<br>''(Kombrig)''
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]], 1st rank<br />'''Капитан 1 ранга'''<br>''(Kapitan 1 ranga)''
|[[Brigade]] [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Бригадный комиссар'''<br>''(Brigadniy komissar)''
|[[Brigade|Brig]][[military engineer|engineer]]<br />'''Бригинженер'''<br>''(Briginzhener)''
|[[military engineer|Engineer]]-[[Flag officer]] 3rd rank<br />'''Инженер-флагман 3 ранга'''<br>''(Inzhener-flagman 3 ranga)''
|[[Brigade|Brig]][[intendant]]<br />'''Бригинтендант'''<br>''(Brigintendant)''
|[[Brigade]] [[Medic]] / [[Brigade]] [[Veterinarian]]<br />'''Бригврач/Ветбригврач'''<br>''(Brigvrach/Vetbrigvrach)''
|[[Brigade]] Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Бригвоенюрист'''<br>''(Brigvoenyurist)''
|-
|[[Comdiv]]<br />'''Комдив'''<br>''(Komdiv)''
|[[Flag officer]] 2nd rank<br />'''Флагман 2 ранга'''<br>''(Flagman 2 ranga)''
|[[Division (military)|Division]]al [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Дивизионный комиссар'''<br>''(Divizionniy komissar)''
|[[Division (military)|Div]][[military engineer|engineer]]<br />'''Дивинженер'''<br>''(Divinzhener)''
|[[military engineer|Engineer]]-[[Flag officer]] 2nd rank<br />'''Инженер-флагман 2 ранга'''<br>''(Inzhener-flagman 2 ranga)''
|[[Division (military)|Div]][[intendant]]<br />'''Дивинтендант'''<br>''(Divintendant)''
|[[Division (military)|Division]]al [[Medic]] / [[Division (military)|Division]]al [[Veterinarian]]<br />'''Дивврач/Ветдивврач'''<br>''(Divvrach/Vetdivvrach)''
|[[Division (military)|Division]]al Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Диввоенюрист'''<br>''(Divvoenyurist)''
|-
|[[Comcor]]<br />'''Комкор'''<br>''(Komkor)''
|[[Flag officer]] 1st rank<br />'''Флагман 1 ранга'''<br>''(Flagman 1 ranga)''
|[[Corps]] [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Корпусной комиссар'''<br>''(Korpusnoy komissar)''
|[[Corps|Cor]][[military engineer|engineer]]<br />'''Коринженер'''<br>''(Korinzhener)''
|[[military engineer|Engineer]]-[[Flag officer]] 1st rank<br />'''Инженер-флагман 1 ранга'''<br>''(Inzhener-flagman 1 ranga)''
|[[Corps|Cor]][[intendant]]<br />'''Коринтендант'''<br>''(Korintendant)''
|[[Corps]] [[Medic]] / [[Corps]] [[Veterinarian]]<br />'''Корврач/Веткорврач'''<br>''(Korvrach/Vetkorvrach)''
|[[Corps]] Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Корвоенюрист'''<br>''(Korvoenyurist)''
|-
|2nd rank [[Commandarm]]<br />'''Командарм 2 ранга'''<br>''(Komandarm 2 ranga)''
|[[Naval fleet|Fleet]] [[Flag officer]] 2nd rank<br />'''Флагман флота 2 ранга'''<br>''(Flagman flota 2 ranga)''
|2nd Rank Army [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Армейский комиссар 2 ранга'''<br>''(Armeyskiy komissar 2 ranga)''
|[[Army|Arm]][[military engineer|engineer]]<br />'''Арминженер'''<br>''(Arminzhener)''
|[[Naval fleet|Fleet]] [[military engineer|Engineer]]-[[Flag officer]]<br />'''Инженер-флагман флота'''<br>''(Inzhener-flagman flota)''
|[[Army|Arm]][[intendant]]<br />'''Арминтендант'''<br>''(Armintendant)''
|Army [[Medic]] / Army [[Veterinarian]]<br />'''Армврач/Ветармврач'''<br>''(Armvrach/Vetarmvrach)''
|Army Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Армвоенюрист'''<br>''(Armvoenyurist)''
|-
| 1st rank [[Commandarm]]<br />'''Командарм 1 ранга'''<br>''(Komandarm 1 ranga)''
|[[Naval fleet|Fleet]] [[Flag officer]] 1st rank <br />'''Флагман флота 1 ранга'''<br>''(Flagman flota 1 ranga)''
|1st Rank Army [[Political commissar|Commissar]] <br />'''Армейский комиссар 1 ранга'''<br>''(Armeyskiy komissar 1 ranga)''
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|-
|colspan = "2"|[[Marshal of the Soviet Union]]<br />'''Маршал Советского Союза'''<br>''(Marshal Sovietskovo Soyuza)''
|No equivalent
|-
|}
Ranks of Junior Lieutenant and Junior Military Technician were introduced in 1937. Also restored were most of the military officer ranks in the Army and Navy, except for the General officer ranks and the Admiral officer ranks, with the naval rank of 3rd-class Captain being the new officer rank introduced.
===1940–1943===
General ranks were restored in May 1940. The new ranks were based on the military ranks of the Russian Empire, although they underwent some modifications; modified Imperial rank insignia were reintroduced in 1943. The new ranks also abolished the specialist ranks for the other arms and services, and they were replaced by the new ranks with the service name attached.
{{Expand section|date=April 2010}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan = "3"|Categories
!colspan = "8"|Ranks<ref>{{in lang|ru}}[http://victory.mil.ru/form/ranks/02/10.html ВОВ-60] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722112758/http://victory.mil.ru/form/ranks/02/10.html |date=2011-07-22 }}</ref>
|-
!colspan = "2"|Privates & Commanders
!rowspan = "2"|Political staff
!colspan = "2"|Technical staff
!rowspan = "2"|Administrative staff
!rowspan = "2"|Medical ([[Veterinarian|Vet]]) staff
!rowspan = "2"|Juristical staff
|-
!Ground and Air Forces
!Naval Forces
!Ground and Air Forces
!Naval Forces
|-
|rowspan = "2" |'''Privates'''<br />(Рядовой состав)
|Redarmyman<br />'''Красноармеец'''<br>''(Krasnoarmeyets)''
|Redfleetman<br />'''Краснофлотец'''<br>''(Krasnoflotets)''
|rowspan = "7"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "6"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "6"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "7"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "7"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "7"|No equivalent
|-
|[[Efreitor]]<br />'''Ефрейтор'''<br>''(Yefreytor)''
|Senior Redfleetman<br />'''Старший краснофлотец'''<br>''(Starshiy krasnoflotets)''
|-
|rowspan = "4" |'''Junior Сommanders'''<br />(Младший командный и начальствующий состав)
|Junior [[Sergeant]]<br />'''Младший сержант'''<br>''(Mladshy serzhant)''
|[[Starshina]] 2nd rank<br />'''Старшина 2 статьи'''<br>''(Starshina 2 stat'i)''
|-
|[[Sergeant]]<br />'''Сержант'''<br>''(Serzhant)''
|[[Starshina]] 1st rank<br />'''Старшина 1 статьи'''<br>''(Starshina 1 stat'i)''
|-
|Senior [[Sergeant]]<br />'''Старший сержант'''<br>''(Starshy serzhant)''
|Chief [[Starshina]]<br />'''Главный старшина'''<br>''(Glavny starshina)''
|-
|[[Starshina]]<br />'''Старшина'''<br>''(Starshina)''
|[[Michman]]<br />'''Мичман'''
|-
|rowspan = "3" |'''Middleweight Commanders'''<br />(Средний командный и начальствующий состав)
|[[Lieutenant#Third lieutenant|Junior Lieutenant]]<br />'''Младший лейтенант'''<br>''(Mladshy leytenant)''
|[[Lieutenant#Third lieutenant|Junior Lieutenant]]<br />'''Младший лейтенант'''<br>''(Mladshy leytenant)''
|Junior Military Technician<br />'''Младший воентехник'''<br>''(Mladshy voentekhnik)''
|Junior Military Technician<br />'''Младший воентехник'''<br>''(Mladshy voentekhnik)''
|-
|[[Lieutenant#Second lieutenant|Lieutenant]]<br />'''Лейтенант'''<br>''(Leytenant)''
|[[Lieutenant#Second lieutenant|Lieutenant]]<br />'''Лейтенант'''<br>''(Leytenant)''
|Junior [[Political commissar|Politruk]]<br />'''Младший политрук'''<br>''(Mladshy politruk)''
|Military [[Technician]] 2nd rank<br />'''Воентехник 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voentehnik 2 ranga)''
|Military [[Technician]] 2nd rank<br />'''Воентехник 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voentekhnik 2 ranga)''
|[[Technician]]-[[Intendant]] 2nd rank<br />'''Техник-интендант 2 ранга'''<br>''(Tehknik-intendant 2 ranga)''
|Military [[Feldsher|Feldscher]] / Military [[Veterinarian|Vet]] Feldscher<br />'''Военфельдшер/ветвоенфельдшер'''<br>''(Voenfeldsher/vetvoenfeldsher)''
|Junior Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Младший военюрист'''<br>''(Mladshy voenyurist)''
|-
|[[Lieutenant#Lieutenant/first lieutenant|Senior Lieutenant]]<br />'''Старший лейтенант'''<br>''(Starshy leytenant)''
|[[Lieutenant#Lieutenant/first lieutenant|Senior Lieutenant]]<br />'''Старший лейтенант'''<br>''(Starshy leytenant)''
|[[Political commissar|Politruk]]<br />'''Политрук'''<br>''(Politruk)''
|Military [[Technician]] 1st rank<br />'''Воентехник 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voentehnik 1 ranga)''
|Military [[Technician]] 1st rank<br />'''Воентехник 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voentehnik 1 ranga)''
|[[Technician]]-[[Intendant]] 1st rank<br />'''Техник-интендант 1 ранга'''<br>''(Tehnik-intendant 1 ranga)''
|Senior Military [[Feldsher|Feldscher]] / Senior Military [[Veterinarian|Vet]] Feldscher<br />'''Старший военфельдшер / Старший ветвоенфельдшер'''<br>''(Starshiy voenfeldsher/Starshiy vetvoenfeldsher)''
|Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Военюрист'''<br>''(Voenyurist)''
|-
|rowspan = "4" |'''Senior Commanders'''<br />(Старший командный и начальствующий состав)
|[[Captain (land and air)|Captain]]<br />'''Капитан'''<br>''(Kapitan)''
|[[Captain Lieutenant|Captain-Lieutenant]]<br />'''Капитан-лейтенант'''<br>''(Kapitan-leytenant)''
|Senior [[Political commissar|Politruk]]<br />'''Старший политрук'''<br>''(Starshiy politruk)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 3rd rank<br />'''Военинженер 3 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 3 ranga)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 3rd rank<br />'''Военинженер 3 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 3 ranga)''
|[[Intendant]] 3rd rank<br />'''Интендант 3 ранга'''<br>''(Intendant 3 ranga)''
|Military [[Medic]] 3rd rank / Military [[Veterinarian]] 3 rank<br />'''Военврач 3 ранга / Ветвоенврач 3 ранга'''<br>''(Voenvrach 3 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 3 ranga)''
|Military [[Jurist]] 3rd rank<br />'''Военюрист 3 ранга'''<br>''(Voenyurist 3 ranga)''
|-
|[[Major (rank)|Major]]<br />'''Майор'''<br>''(Mayor)''
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]], 3rd rank<br />'''Капитан 3 ранга'''<br>''(Kapitan 3 ranga)''
|[[Battalion]] [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Батальонный комиссар'''<br>''(Batalionniy komissar)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 2nd rank<br />'''Военинженер 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 2 ranga)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 2nd rank<br />'''Военинженер 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 2 ranga)''
|[[Intendant]] 2 rank<br />'''Интендант 2 ранга'''<br>''(Intendant 2 ranga)''
|Military [[Medic]] 2nd rank / Military [[Veterinarian]] 2 rank<br />'''Военврач 2 ранга / Ветвоенврач 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voenvrach 2 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 2 ranga)''
|Military [[Jurist]] 2nd rank<br />'''Военюрист 2 ранга'''<br>''(Voenyurist 2 ranga)''
|-
|[[Lieutenant Colonel]]<br>'''Подполковник'''<br>''([[Podpolkovnik]])''
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]], 2nd rank<br />'''Капитан 2 ранга'''<br>''(Kapitan 2 ranga)''
|Senior [[Battalion]] [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Старший батальонный комиссар'''<br>''(Starshiy batalionniy komissar)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 1st rank<br />'''Военинженер 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 1 ranga)''
|[[military engineer|Military Engineer]] 1st rank<br />'''Военинженер 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voeninzhener 1 ranga)''
|[[Intendant]] 1 rank<br />'''Интендант 1 ранга'''<br>''(Intendant 1 ranga)''
|Military [[Medic]] 1st rank / Military [[Veterinarian]] 1 rank<br />'''Военврач 1 ранга / Ветвоенврач 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voenvrach 1 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 1 ranga)''
|Military [[Jurist]] 1st rank<br />'''Военюрист 1 ранга'''<br>''(Voenyurist 1 ranga)''
|-
|[[Colonel]]<br>'''Полковник'''<br>''([[Polkovnik]])''
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]], 1st rank<br />'''Капитан 1 ранга'''<br>''(Kapitan 1 ranga)''
|[[Regiment]]al [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Полковой комиссар'''<br>''(Polkovoy komissar)''
|No equivalent
|No equivalent
|No equivalent
|No equivalent
|No equivalent
|-
|rowspan = "5" |'''Supreme Commanders'''<br />(Высший командный и начальствующий состав)
|[[Major General|General-Major]]<br />'''Генерал-майор'''<br>''(General-mayor)''
|[[Counter-Admiral]]<br />'''Контр-адмирал'''<br>''(Kontr-admiral)''
|[[Division (military)|Division]]al [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Дивизионный комиссар'''<br>''(Divizionniy komissar)''
|[[Division (military)|Div]][[military engineer|engineer]]<br />'''Дивинженер'''<br>''(Divinzhener)''
|[[military engineer|Engineer]]-[[Flag officer]] 2nd rank<br />'''Инженер-флагман 2 ранга'''<br>''(Inzhener-flagman 2 ranga)''
|[[Division (military)|Div]][[intendant]]<br />'''Дивинтендант'''<br>''(Divintendant)''
|[[Division (military)|Division]]al [[Medic]] / [[Division (military)|Division]]al [[Veterinarian]]<br />'''Дивврач/Ветдивврач'''<br>''(Divvrach/Vetdivvrach)''
|[[Division (military)|Division]]al Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Диввоенюрист'''<br>''(Divvoenyurist)''
|-
|[[Lieutenant General|General-Lieutenant]]<br />'''Генерал-лейтенант'''<br>''(General-leytenant)''
|[[Vice-Admiral]]<br />'''Вице-адмирал'''<br>''(Vitse-admiral)''
|[[Corps]] [[Political commissar|Commissar]]<br />'''Корпусной комиссар'''<br>''(Korpusnoy komissar)''
|[[Corps|Cor]][[military engineer|engineer]]<br />'''Коринженер'''<br>''(Korinzhener)''
|[[military engineer|Engineer]]-[[Flag officer]] 1st rank<br />'''Инженер-флагман 1 ранга'''<br>''(Inzhener-flagman 1 ranga)''
|[[Corps|Cor]][[intendant]]<br />'''Коринтендант'''<br>''(Korintendant)''
|[[Corps]] [[Medic]] / [[Corps]] [[Veterinarian]]<br />'''Корврач/Веткорврач'''<br>''(Korvrach/Vetkorvrach)''
|[[Corps]] Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Корвоенюрист'''<br>''(Korvoenyurist)''
|-
|[[Colonel General|General-Colonel]]<br />'''Генерал-полковник'''<br>''(General-polkovnik)''
|[[Admiral]]<br />'''Адмирал'''<br>''(Admiral)''
|Army [[Political commissar|Commissar]] 2nd rank<br />'''Армейский комиссар 2 ранга'''<br>''(Armeyskiy komissar 2 ranga)''
|[[Army|Arm]][[military engineer|engineer]]<br />'''Арминженер'''<br>''(Arminzhener)''
| [[Naval fleet|Fleet]] [[military engineer|Engineer]]-[[Flag Officer]]<br />'''Инженер-флагман флота'''<br>''(Inzhener-flagman flota)''
|[[Army|Arm]][[intendant]]<br />'''Арминтендант'''<br>''(Armintendant)''
|Army [[Medic]] / Army [[Veterinarian]]<br />'''Армврач/Ветармврач'''<br>''(Armvrach/Vetarmvrach)''
|Army Military [[Jurist]]<br />'''Армвоенюрист'''<br>''(Armvoenyurist)''
|-
|[[Army General (Soviet Union)|General of the Army]]<br />'''Генерал армии'''<br>''(General armii)''
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|Army [[Political commissar|Commissar]] 1st rank<br />'''Армейский комиссар 1 ранга'''<br>''(Armeyskiy komissar 1 ranga)''
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|rowspan = "2"|No equivalent
|-
|[[Marshal of the Soviet Union]]<br />'''Маршал Советского Союза'''<br>''(Marshal Sovietskovo Soyuza)''
|No equivalent
|-
|}
Ranks "Lieutenant Colonel" and "Senior Battalion Commissar" were introduced in 1937. By 1940 the Army rank of Corporal and the Naval rank of Midshipman were revived, and the old rank of Junior Sergeant was reinstated into its modern form (the rank is from the [[Estonian Army]] but has a Russian origin in the Imperial Russian Army).
In 1942, the political commissars' service in the Red Army was finally disbanded for good, and its ranks dissolved.
===1943–1991===
In 1943, all ranks became standardized throughout the Soviet Armed Forces, with the full inclusion of Air/Arm/Branch Marshal and Air/Arm/Branch Chief Marshal ranks. All specialist ranks remaining were replaced by the 1940 standard ranks with the service name attached to them, and Private and Seaman became the basic enlisted ranks. The new Imperial Russian Armed Forces-style shoulder rank insignia also debuted.
From 1943 to 1961, naval ranks were adjusted to match the naval ranks of other countries. The rank of [[Admiral of the Fleet]] was introduced during the Great Patriotic War and was the equivalent rank to Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1955; it was renamed [[Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union]]. The rank was soon revived in 1962 as a General of the Army-equivalent rank in compliance with new Soviet Navy regulations for officers.
On June 27, 1945, the rank of '''Generalissimus Sovietskogo Soyuza''' ([[Generalissimo of the Soviet Union]]) was created and granted to [[Joseph Stalin]] following the tradition of the Russian Imperial Army which granted to the Tsars the military rank in their capacity as Commanders-in-Chief. Formally it existed until 1993 but it was never used after Stalin's death.
In the 1970s, the non-commissioned officers serving under contract and holding '''Starshina''' ([[Master Sergeant]]) rank were reassigned to newly created '''Praporshchik''' rank (not to be confused with similarly named [[Russian Empire]] rank of commissioned officers); ''starshina'' was reserved for conscripts only. In the Soviet Navy, however, as the Midshipman rank was formally elevated to that of a warrant officer, the NCO role of Midshipmen was replaced by the new rank of Ship Chief Master Sergeant as a result of the naval rank change. At the same time all rank insignia became uniform for the Army and Air Force plus the other services, the Navy retained theirs.
Generals of the Army and Admirals soon had their insignia changed in 1974.
The final change was in 1981 when Senior Praporshchik and Senior Midshipman ranks were added to the ranks of warrant officers.
The table of Soviet military ranks can be seen in [[military ranks of the Soviet Union]] or in the section below (as they were the same as the present military ranks of the Russian Federation).
==Russian Federation==
The independent Russia inherited the ranks of the Soviet Union, although the insignia and [[uniform]]s were altered a little. The following is a table of ranks of the [[Armed Forces of the Russian Federation]].
Russian armed forces have two styles of ranks: deck ranks (navy style ranks) and troop ranks (army and other forces style ranks). The following table of Ranks is based on those of the Russian Federation.
Troop ranks are used by:
* [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Ministry of Defence]]
** [[Russian Ground Forces|Ground Forces (Army)]]
** [[Russian Aerospace Forces|Aerospace Forces]]
** [[Russian Navy|Navy]] — [[Russian Naval Infantry|Naval Infantry (Marines)]], Naval Aviation other various shore services of the navy
** [[Special Operations Forces (Russia)|Special Operations Forces]] ([[Spetsnaz]])
** [[Strategic Missile Troops|Strategic Importance Missile Troops (Independent Corps)]]
** [[Russian Airborne Troops|Airborne Troops (Independent Corps)]]
** [[Federal Agency of Special Construction]]
** [[Russian Railway Troops|Railway Troops of the Russian Federation]]
** [[Rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation]]
* [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)|Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)]]
** [[Police of Russia|Police]], formerly [[Militsiya|Militia]]
* [[National Guard of Russia]]
** [[National Guard Forces Command]]
* [[Federal Security Service (Russia)|Federal Security Service (FSB)]] and
** [[Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation|Border Service of the FSB]]
* [[Federal Protective Service (Russia)|Federal Protective Service (FSO)]]
* [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)|Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR)]]
* Chief directorate of special programs of the President
* [[Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)|Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM)]]
** [[Civil Defense]] Troops
** Military personnel of the [[Russian State Fire Service]]
Deck (Navy) ranks are used by:
* Ministry of Defence
** [[Russian Navy|Navy]] — deck personnel
* Federal Security Service
** [[Russian FSB Coast Guard|Coast Guard of the Border Service of FSB]]
* National Guard
** [[National Guard Naval Service Corps]]
The highest troop rank is [[Marshal of the Russian Federation]].
The highest Navy 'deck' rank is [[Admiral of the Fleet]]. In the Soviet era the rank ''Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union'' was equivalent to the rank of Marshal and only three persons were given that rank. Since 1991 this rank is no longer used.
Ranks can have additional descriptors according to assignment or status. For example, the rank of a serviceman of a "Guards" unit, formation, or ship may be followed by the word "Guards" ("Gefreitor of Guards"); the rank of a serviceman of the legal, medical, or veterinary professions is followed by "of Justice", "of the Medical service", or "of the Veterinary service" ("Captain of the Medical Service"); and the rank of a reserve or retired serviceman is followed by the words “Reserve” or “Retired,” respectively ("Major of Reserve"). The Russian Federation abolished the descriptor "of Aviation" for pilots, however, that descriptor is still in common use.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!width="20%" rowspan="2" |Category
!width="40%" colspan="3" |Troop Ranks
!width="40%" colspan="3" |Deck Ranks
|-
!Ground Forces Insignia
!width="30%" |Rank Name
!Aerospace Forces Insignia
! Naval Shoulder Insignia
!width="30%" |Rank Name
! Naval Sleeve Insignia
|-
|rowspan="5" |'''Supreme Officers,<br> General Officers'''
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-10-2010.svg|25px]]
| colspan="5" |[[Marshal of the Russian Federation]]<span style="color:#000077;"><br> (currently inactive<ref>There is currently no serving officer of the rank of [[Marshal of the Russian Federation]]. The only person (thus far) to hold this rank was the late [[Igor Sergeyev]], former [[Minister of Defence]], who was elevated from the [[General of the Army]] of the [[Strategic Rocket Forces]]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20070702083208/http://www.kodeks.ru/noframe/com-pus-FullLegRF?d&nd=901704754&nh=1 Russia.Federal Law "On military duty and military service" (with changes at 28 June 2009) (in Russian)]</ref>)</span><br> ''Ма́ршал Росси́йской Федера́ции''
|-
|[[File:RAF A F9GenArmy after2013.png|25px]]
|[[General of the Army (Russia)|General of the Army]]<br> ''генера́л а́рмии''
|[[File:Russia-Airforce-OF-9-2013.svg|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F9-AdmFlota 2013–.png|30px]]
|[[Admiral of the Fleet (Russia)|Admiral of the Fleet]]<br> ''адмира́л фло́та''
|[[File:RAF N F9-AdmFlota sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-8-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Colonel General|General-Colonel]]<br> ''генера́л-полко́вник''
|[[File:Russia-Airforce-OF-8-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F8-Admiral 2010–.png|30px]]
|[[Admiral]]<br> ''адмира́л''
|[[File:RAF N F8-Admiral sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-7-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Lieutenant General|General-Lieutenant]]<br> ''генера́л-лейтена́нт''
|[[File:Russia-Airforce-OF-7-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F7-VizeAdm 2010–.png|30px]]
|[[Vice Admiral]]<br> ''ви́це-адмира́л''
|[[File:RAF N F7-VizeAdm sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-6-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Major General|General-Major]]<br> ''генера́л-майо́р''
|[[File:Russia-Airforce-OF-6-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F6-KontAdm 2010–.png|30px]]
|[[Counter Admiral]] ([[Rear Admiral]])<br> ''ко́нтр-адмира́л''
|[[File:RAF N F6-KontAdm sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|rowspan="3" |'''Senior Officers,<br> Field Grade Officers'''
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-5-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Polkovnik]] ([[Colonel]])<br> ''полко́вник''
|[[File:Погон полковника ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F5-Kapitan-1st 2010–.png|30px]]
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]], 1st rank<br> ''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''
|[[File:RAF N F5-Kapitan-1st sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Podpolkovnik]] ([[Lieutenant Colonel]])<br> ''подполко́вник''
|[[File:Погон подполковника ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F4-Kapitan-2nd 2010–.png|30px]]
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]], 2nd rank<br> ''капита́н 2-го р́анга''
|[[File:RAF N F4-Kapitan-2nd sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-3-2010.svg|25px]]
|Major<br> ''майо́р''
|[[File:Погон майора ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F3-Kapitan-3rd 2010–.png|30px]]
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]], 3rd rank<br> ''капита́н 3-го р́анга''
|[[File:RAF N F3-Kapitan-3rd sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|rowspan="4" |'''Junior Officers,<br> Company Grade Officers'''
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-2-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Captain (OF-2)|Captain]]<br> ''капита́н''
|[[File:Погон капитана ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F2-KaptLt 2010–.png|30px]]
|[[Captain lieutenant|Captain-Lieutenant]]<br> ''капита́н-лейтена́нт''
|[[File:RAF N F2-KaptLt sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-1c-2010.svg|25px]]
|
|[[File:Погон старшего лейтенанта ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F1a-StLt 2010–.png|30px]]
|Senior Lieutenant<br> ''ста́рший лейтена́нт''
|[[File:RAF N F1a-StLt sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-1b-2010.svg|25px]]
|
|[[File:Погон лейтенанта ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F1b-Lt 2010–.png|30px]]
|Lieutenant<br> ''лейтена́нт''
|[[File:RAF N F1b-Lt sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OF-1a-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Second lieutenant|Junior Lieutenant]]<br> ''мла́дший лейтена́нт''
|[[File:Погон младшего лейтенанта ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N F1c-MlLt 2010–.png|30px]]
|Junior Lieutenant<br> ''мла́дший лейтена́нт''
|[[File:RAF N F1c-MlLt sleeve.png|35px]]
|-
|rowspan = "2" |'''Under-Officers,<br> Master Non-Commissioned Officers'''
|[[File:Russia-Army-OR-9b-2010.svg|25px]]
|Senior [[Praporshchik]] (Senior [[Warrant Officer]])<br> ''ста́рший пра́порщик''
|[[File:Погон старшего прапорщика ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N W2-StMichm 2010–.svg|30px]]
|Senior [[Midshipman]] (Senior Warrant Officer)<br> ''ста́рший ми́чман''
| rowspan="8" |no sleeve insignia
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OR-9a-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Praporshchik]] (Warrant Officer)<br> ''пра́порщик''
|[[File:Погон прапорщика ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N W1-Michm 2010–.svg|30px]]
|[[Midshipman]] (Warrant Officer)<br> ''ми́чман''
|-
|rowspan = "4" |'''Sergeants,<br> Petty Officers '''
|[[File:Russia-Army-OR-8-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Starshina]] ([[Sergeant Major]])<br> ''старшина́''
|[[File:Погон старшины ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N R8-GlKorStarsh 2010–.svg|30px]]
|Chief Ship Starshina ([[Chief petty officer]])<br> ''гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́''
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OR-7-2010.svg|25px]]
|Senior [[Sergeant]]<br> ''ста́рший сержа́нт''
|[[File:Погон старшего сержанта ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N R7-GlStarsh 2010–.svg|30px]]
|[[Chief petty officer]]<br> ''гла́вный старшина́''
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OR-5-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Sergeant]]<br> ''сержа́нт''
|[[File:Погон сержанта ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N R6-Starsh1st 2010–.svg|30px]]
|[[Petty Officer]], 1st class<br> ''старшина́ 1-й статьи́''
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OR-4-2010.svg|25px]]
|Junior [[Sergeant]]<br> ''мла́дший сержа́нт''
|[[File:Погон младшего сержанта ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N R4-Starsh2st 2010–.svg|30px]]
|[[Petty Officer]], 2nd class<br> ''старшина́ 2-й статьи́''
|-
|rowspan= "2" |
|[[File:Russia-Army-OR-2-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Efreitor]]<br> ''ефре́йтор''
|[[File:Погон ефрейтора ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N R2-StMatros 2010–.svg|30px]]
|Senior Seaman ([[Seaman (rank)|Matros]])<br> ''ста́рший матро́с''
|-
|[[File:Russia-Army-OR-1-2010.svg|25px]]
|[[Private (rank)|Private]]<br> ''рядово́й''
|[[File:Погон рядового ВВС с 2010 года.png|25px]]
|[[File:RAF N R1-Matros 2010–.svg|30px]]
|Seaman ([[Seaman (rank)|Matros]])<br> ''матро́с''
|}
Note: the descriptor "of Aviation" has been officially abolished but usage is still common within the Air Force and Naval Aviation.
On March 11, 2010, by Law No.2010-293 of the [[President of Russia]], a new set of rank insignia debuted. Privates, Airmen, and Seamen sport plain shoulder epaulets and the chevrons are removed for the ranks of senior NCOs and are now replaced by plain bars (small horizontal from Corporal/Senior Airman/Leading Seaman to Sergeant/Staff Sergeant/Petty Officer increasing by seniority, large horizontal for Staff Sergeants, Flight Sergeants, and Chief Petty Officers, and vertical bars for petty officers and Ship CPOs).
WO's and Officer ranks received updated shoulder rank epaulets (and for the Navy, cuff rank insignia), and all General Officer and Flag Officer rank insignia now reflecting service affiliation in the duty dress uniform (the old pattern epaulets were replaced by the army green, aerospace forces blue and navy blue epaulets (duty dress depending on service) and gold (parade dress) epaulets similar to those used in the mid-1970s by the Soviet Armed Forces). This was also the case for the Marshal of the Russian Federation rank epaulet, which still retained the [[Coat of arms of Russia]] and the [[Marshal's Star]]. But this change is now evident in the battle dress and duty uniforms only, in the new 2008 dress uniforms the change is evident in the enlisted and NCO epaulets, but in the epaulets of all warrant officers and officers, the gold and black epaulets stayed as is in the dress uniforms.
As part of the [[2008 Russian military reform]], the [[Praporshchik|Praporshchik (Warrant Officer)]] rank was effectively abolished in the [[Russian Armed Forces]], though the rank still may be used in other uniformed services of the government such as the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)|Interior Ministry]], the Police, The Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Border Guard Service.
The general and flag officer ranks changed again on February 22, 2013. Thus, for Generals of the Army and Fleet Admirals, instead of sporting 4 stars, the shoulder rank insignia for both were changed back to the Marshal's Star with additional emblems for Generals of the Army and Fleet Admiral's Star for Fleet Admirals. Some retired generals and flag officers were spotted wearing the old pre-1994 rank insignia instead of the new.
==See also==
*[[List of comparative military ranks]]
*[[Military ranks of the Soviet Union]]
*[[Military ranks, special ranks and class rates in Russia]]
*[[Police of Russia#Rank insignia|Rank insignia of the Russian Police]]
*[[Russian Armed Forces]]
*[[Russia]]
==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080221164858/http://eng.mvdrf.ru/ Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)]
* [http://www.fsb.ru Federal Security Service (FSB)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051025124302/http://fps.fsb.ru/ Border Guard Service of the FSB]
* [http://www.mchs.gov.ru/ Ministry of Civil Defense And Emergency Situations]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051123192515/http://wbase.duma.gov.ru/ntc/vdoc.asp?kl=4488 Federal Law No. 58-FZ from March 12, 1998] "On military duty and military service" (in Russian)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070317183721/http://document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=27589&PSC=10&PT=3&Page=1 Presidential Decree No. 531 from May 8, 2005] "On military uniform, rank insignia of the servicemen and state bodies' rank insignia" (in Russian)
* [http://army.armor.kiev.ua/titul/rus_5.shtml Анатомия армии]
{{DEFAULTSORT:History Of Russian Military Ranks}}
[[Category:Military of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Military ranks of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military ranks of Russia]]
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