Dirar ibn al-Azwar: differenze tra le versioni

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{{Bio

|Nome = Ḍirār ibn al-Azwar

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Appartenente al [[clan]] dei [[Banu Asad]] della [[tribù]] dei [[Quraysh]] di [[La Mecca|Mecca]], fu uno dei ''[[Mubarizun|Mubārizūn]]'' e un abile guerriero, impegnato nella [[guerra della ridda]] sotto il [[califfato]] di [[AbuAbū Bakr]] e nella [[conquista islamica della Siria]], agli ordini del generale [[Khalid ibn al-Walid|Khālid b. al-Walīd]], all'epoca del secondo [[califfo]] [['UmarʿOmar ibn al-KhattabKhaṭṭāb|ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb]] (634-644), in cui mise in luce un indomito coraggio e una feroce determinazione.<br/>

Fu presente nella [[battaglia di Ajnadayn|battaglia di Ajnādayn]] e nella [[Battaglia dello Yarmuk|Campagna dello Yarmūk]].

==Biografia==

Figlio del ''[[Sayyid]]'' dei B. Asad, Mālik b. Aws, apparteneva a una famiglia che fu tra le ultime a convertirsi all'[[islam]] (dopo la [[conquista di Mecca]], ossia ''fatḥ Makka''). Assai ricco, abbandonò la sua vita di lussi per la causa islamica.<br/>

Dopo la [[battaglia del Fossato]], assieme a [[Tulayha|Ṭulayḥa b. Khuwaylid]], fu inviato da [[Maometto]] per convincere i suoi contribuli ad abbracciare la nuova religione.<ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA242&dq=dirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QxHaVP-eMIyJuASsuoE4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dirar%20azwar&f=false {{Cita libro|cognome= Abu Khalil |nome= Shawqī |anno= 2004 |titolo= Atlas Al-sīrah Al-Nabawīyah Quoting ''Ibn Hishām, 4/164; al-Ṭabarī, 3/136; ''ʿUyūn al-athīr'', 2/234; ''al-RawdRawḍ al-Unufunuf'', 4/220; Ibn Khaldūn, 2/56; ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', 1/357; ''al-Sīra al-Ḥalabiyya'', 3/248; ''al-Kāmil fī l-Taʾrīkh'', 2/98'' |p= 242|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA242&dq=dirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QxHaVP-eMIyJuASsuoE4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dirar%20azwar&f=false}}]</ref>

=== Guerra della ridda ===

Ḍirār passò la sua vita a combattere nella [[guerra della ridda]], operando come percettore delle imposte (della ''[[zakat|zakāt]]'') prima di dedicarsi al mestiere delle armi, servendo come esploratore a cavallo nella "[[Guardia mobile]]", una unità di élite costituita dal generale [[Khalid ibn al-Walid|Khālid b. al-Walīd]]. Fu inviato da [[MaomettoAbū Bakr]] a porre fine alla ribellione, insorta dopo l'apostasia di Ṭulayḥa.<ref>[{{cita testo|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=GQrVBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&dq=dhirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=v8jpVIeyKsKWuAT8xoHwDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dirar&f=false |titolo=Husayn Haykal, ''Muhammad''; Cordova library, 2014; 1 Biografia di Abu Bakr al-Siddiq]|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222151429/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=GQrVBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&dq=dhirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=v8jpVIeyKsKWuAT8xoHwDg&redir_esc=y }}</ref>

Un altro evento particolare che riguardò Ḍirār fu quello di essere inviato da Khālid b. al-Walīd, alla guida di un distaccamento di guerrieri appartenenti ai [[Banu Tamim|Banū Tamīm]] per affrontare [[Malik ibn Nuwayra|Mālik b. Nuwayra]], capo dei Banū Yarbūʿ, sottotribù dei Tamīm, accusato di [[apostasia]].<ref name="google1">[{{cita testo|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=DrtLsKXt1osC&pg=PA149&dq=dirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AxDaVKeJE8SyuATcz4HoDw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dirar%20azwar&f=false |titolo=The Origins of the Islamic State; Abu Al-Abbas Ahmad Bin Jab Al-Baladhuri, Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyà al-Balādhurī; ]|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210155420/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=DrtLsKXt1osC&pg=PA149&dq=dirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AxDaVKeJE8SyuATcz4HoDw&redir_esc=y }}</ref>

=== Battaglia di Ajnādayn ===

Le forze dell'[[esercito dei Rashidun]] lasciarono la capitale di [[Medina]] probabilmente nell'autunno del 633 o agli inizi del 634. Essa dapprima impegnarono combattimento coi [[Bizantini]] e li sconfissero nella [[battaglia di Dathin]] il 4 febbraio. L'Imperatore [[Eraclio I|Eraclio]], fermatosi a [[Emesa]] (ora [[Homs]], in [[Siria]]), ricevette rinforzi e li spedì a sud a protezione di [[CaesareaCesarea Maritimamarittima]]. Per reagire a ciò, il comandante [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] ricevette l'ordine del califfo d'interrompere le operazioni contro l'[[Impero sasanide]] e di guadagnare il ''[[Grande Siria|Bilād al-Shām]]'', impegnando il nemico in battaglia. A metà di essa si tramanda che l'impetuoso Ḍirār abbia così apostrofato Khālid:

{{quoteCitazione|Perché aspettiamo, quando Allah, l'Altissimo, è dalla nostra parte? Per Allah, i nostri nemici penseranno che noi abbiamo paura di loro. Li aggrediremo con te.<ref name="justislam36">Waqidi:, p. 36 [http://www.justislam.co.uk/The%20Sword%20of%20Allah/29.05.html], Cap. 29 in: ''In Swords of Allah''. N.B. Questo dialogo è messo in dubbio dagli studiosi, dal momento che solo [[al-Waqidi]] lo riporta.</ref>}}

Khālid decise di permettere che i singoli campioni musulmani combattessero contro i campioni bizantini anche perché, in caso di loro vittoria, sarebbero stati eliminati ufficiali bizantini abili, facilitando il compito delle forze islamiche. Pertanto Khālid permise a Ḍirār di agire secondo questo intendimento e Ḍirār prese quindi con sé [[corazza]] ed [[elmetto]] per proteggersi dagli [[arcieri]] ghas[[ghassanidi]]sanidi al servizio dei Bizantini, imbracciando il suo [[scudo]] fatto di pelle d'[[elefante]], una volta appartenuto a un Bizantino.<br/>

[[Waqidi]] afferma che Ḍirār lanciò il suo personale grido di battaglia quando s'avvicinò al nemico:

{{quoteCitazione|"Io sono la morte dei Pallidi (vólti)<br/>Io sono l'uccisore dei Bizantini<br/>Io sono un flagello mandato su di voi<br/>Io sono Ḍirār ibn al-Azwar!" <ref name="justislam36"/>}}

Dal momento che pochi campioni ghassanidi avanzarono per la [[singolar tenzone]], Ḍirār abbandonò immediatamente la propria armatura e indumenti, facendosi conoscere dai suoi nemici come un "nudo campione". Nei successivi pochi minuti le cronache musulmane, indifferenti della veridicità di quanto narravano, egli avrebbe ucciso diversi nemici, inclusi due generali, uno dei quali governatore di [[Amman]] (allora Philadelphia) e l'altro di [[Tiberiade]], demoralizzando i ranghi ghassanidi.

Dopo quell'episodio, avvenuto il 24 aprile, le forze musulmane sarebbero entrate senza trovare ostacoli a [[battaglia di Bosra (634)|Boṣra]], unendosi poi a quelle condotte da [['Amr ibn al-'As]], nei pressi di Adjnādayn.

=== Battaglia del Yarmuk ===

Nella successiva [[battaglia del Yarmuk]], sulla scorta di una notizia di [[Ibn Taymiyya]] e di Muhammad Yusuf al-Dihlawi, autore di una vita dei [[Sahaba]] (''Ḥayāt al-Ṣaḥāba''), si afferma che si sarebbe verificato uno scontro in cui i musulmani furono respinti dai Bizantini e che Ḍirār ibn al-Azwar, con [[Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl]], avrebbe eroicamente resistito con 400 guerrieri, difendendo le posizioni musulmane finché l'esercito califfale non riuscì a riprendere il controllo della situazione con l'arrivo di rinforzi.<ref>[{{cita testo|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=wZALAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA376&dq=dhirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9yLaVJmQNpGJuwSY4oAY&ved=0CFUQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=dhirar%20azwar&f=false |titolo=Islamic Books di Ibn Taymiyya Maqdisi e ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAzzām]}}</ref><ref>[{{cita testo|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?ei=uCnaVOKqEI2yuASD-4DwDw&hl=id&id=MVMwAAAAYAAJ&dq=dhirar+azwar+yarmuk&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=azwar |titolo=Ḥayātuṣ-ṣaḥābah: The Lives of the Sahabah, Volume 1; Muḥammad Yūsuf ibn Muḥammad Ilyās Kāndihlawī al-Dihlawī; Publ. Darul Ishaat, 1991; Digitalized by University of Virginia, 2008 ]}}</ref> <!--The circumstances were more detailed in Tabari chomprehensive record that Ikrimah saying:

{{quote|"(Would)Al-Ḥārith ib. fightHishām thee messengerḌirār ofibn Godal-Azwar incombatterono everyfino place,a yetquando fleele fromferite youebbero today?!il whosopravvento. willIkrima takecadde, anmentre oath(toḌirār fight)scampò to the death?!"alla morte.<ref name="google36">Waqidi:Wāqidī, p. 36 [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=47PEMS6emv0C&dq=dhirrar+azwar+ikrimah&source=gbs_navlinks_s], ChCap. 29 indi ''The History of al-Tabari'', Vol. 11: "The Challenge to the Empires A.D. 633-635/A.H. 12-13".</ref>}}

I musulmani non presero prigionieri, visto che il generale bizantino Theodore Trithyrius e altri comandanti erano morti in battaglia. Un gran numero di soldati bizantini tentò la fuga per evitare il massacro, ma molti di loro furono catturati nel successivo inseguimento musulmano. <br/>

Al Harith bin Hisham and Dirrar bin Al-Azwar both swear an oath along with 400 of notable mens and knights([[Furusiyya]]). they fought in the front of Khalid's(command) tent until all of them were disabled by wounds. Many of them died after the clash due to heavy wounds including Ikrimah. although some like Dhiraar was able to recovered.<ref name="google36"/>

Dopo la battaglia, il [[califfo]] [['Umar]] dette ordine che una parte delle truppe musulmane che avevano combattuto al Yarmūk si trasferisse in [[Iraq]] per rafforzare e aiutare [[Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas|Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ]] nella [[battaglia di al-Qadisiyya]] contro l'[[Impero sasanide]], e Ḍirār ibn al-Azwar fu tra costoro.

=== Successive imprese ===

[[File:Mohammad adeel-day-5.PNG|thumb|right|Day 5|alt=troop deployment day-5|Deployment of troops on the fifth day. Dhiraar troops was waiting on the far left to ambush routed Byzantine army.]]

Durante la [[Battaglia di Thaniyyat al-'Uqab]] che precedette la conquista di [[Damasco]] fu catturato dai Bizantini, ma poco dopo fu trovato e, secondo [[al-Waqidi|al-Wāqidī]], liberato da un drappello guidato da sua sorella, [[Khawla bint al-Azwar]].<ref>{{cita testo|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=IR9rNAai2koC&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=wadi+ruqqad+azwar&source=bl&ots=fWGemCOnLu&sig=xQrgVin-RDG8yc0wWdj50mfXtEE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vmy6VLTpHYjJuASxl4DIDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=wadi%20ruqqad%20azwar&f=false|titolo="Yarmuk AD 636: The Muslim Conquest of Syria", di David Nicolle|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117235113/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=IR9rNAai2koC&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=wadi+ruqqad+azwar&source=bl&ots=fWGemCOnLu&sig=xQrgVin-RDG8yc0wWdj50mfXtEE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vmy6VLTpHYjJuASxl4DIDg&redir_esc=y }}</ref> ma la notizia non viene confermata dalle fonti arabe più affidabili ([[Ahmad ibn Hanbal|Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal]], [[al-Shafi'i]], [[al-Bukhari|al-Bukhārī]] e altri ancora).<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://www.islammemo.cc/zakera/aghalet-tarehkia/2003/01/12/1114.html |titolo=Copia archiviata |accesso=10 dicembre 2015 |urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214104631/http://islammemo.cc/zakera/aghalet-tarehkia/2003/01/12/1114.html |urlmorto=sì }}</ref><ref name="letmeturnthetables1">https://www.letmeturnthetables.com/2012/01/muhammad-ibn-umar-waqidi-narrator.html</ref>

Dhiraar played a prominent role when Khalid assigned him to capture a bridge at Ayn al Dhakar for safe crossing across the deep gorges of the ravines of Wadi-ur-Ruqqad with 500 soldiers at night of the fifth day, then he ordered by Khalid to set an ambush there to eliminate the Byzantine armies who has been routed and using this bridge as a way to withdraw.<ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ggK29Dcp4AwC&dq=zaraar+azwar+yarmouk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Xmy6VKGEI4WWuASQyYLoCQ&redir_esc=y SWORD OF ALLAH : Khalid Bin Al-Waleed His Life & Campaigns; Lt. Gen. A.I. Akram]</ref>

==Sulla sua morte==

In the next day Dhiraar moved with 500 mounted troops around the northern flank of Byzantines and captured the bridge the plan was successful as the Byzantine was retreated onto this path as Khalid's prediction, and the retreating Byzantine army shocked as Dhiraar has been waiting them in Wadi Ul Raqqad bridge . The Byzantines were surrounded from all sides now. Some fell into the deep ravines off the steep slopes, others tried to escape in the waters, only to be smashed on the rocks below and again others were killed in their flight. Nevertheless, a large number of the soldiers managed to escape the slaughter

Ḍirār sarebbe morto in [[Siria]], vittima dell'[[epidemia]] di [[Emmaus|ʿAmwās]] del [[638]], al pari di [[Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan|Yazīd b. Abī Sufyān]] e [[Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah|Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ]].<ref>http://www.atlastours.net/jordan/jordan_valley.html</ref> Sarebbe stato inumato nel ''[[Bilad al-Sham|Bilād al-Shām]]''.<ref>''Futūḥ al-Shām'', di al-Wāqidī</ref>

butma anotherun'altra account fromfonte, [[Ibn 'Abd al-Barr]], saidafferma heche wasḌirār fallensarebbe inmorto thenella battlebattaglia ofdi Ajnadayn.Ajnādayn, contrarymentre toal-Wāqidī Alriferisce Waqidiche reportsarebbe whoaddirittura hascaduto saidanni heprima, has fallen innella [[Battlebattaglia ofdella Yamama]]<ref>[{{Cita web|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=DrtLsKXt1osC&pg=PA149&dq=dirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AxDaVKeJE8SyuATcz4HoDw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dirar%20azwar&f=false]|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210155420/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=DrtLsKXt1osC&pg=PA149&dq=dirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AxDaVKeJE8SyuATcz4HoDw&redir_esc=y |titolo=The Origins of the Islamic State: Being a Translation from the Arabic .. }}</ref><ref>httphttps://islamstory.com/ar/ضرار_بن_الأزور {{cite bookCita libro| last cognome= Khuri Hitti | first nome= Phillip | yearanno=2005 |title titolo= The Origins of the Islamic State quoting Ya'kubi vol II, page p. 165, 2002 |page p= 149 }}</ref>

==Retaggio==

The Muslims took no prisoners in this battle as Byzantine general, [[Theodore Trithyrius]] and some other generals were died in this battle. However a large number of the soldiers managed to escape the slaughter although they may have captured some during the subsequent pursuit. After this battle Caliph Umar instructed a portions of Rashidun troops from Yarmouk to be transferred to [[Iraq]] as reinforcement to assist [[Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas]] in the [[Battle of al-Qādisiyyah]] against [[Sassanid Empire]] and Dhiraar was counted among them

Una [[moschea]] dedicata a Ḍirār è sita nella parte settentrionale della [[Valle del Giordano]], nei pressi del mausoleo dedicato ad Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ, in un'area in cui era stata combattuta la [[battaglia di Mu'ta]].

=== LaterNote career ===

<references/>

During the [[Battle of Sanita-al-Uqab|battle of Eagle Pass]] which preluding the Siege of Damascus, he was captured by Byzantine force, but shortly later he on he was rescued by rescue team led by his sister, [[Khawlah bint al-Azwar]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=IR9rNAai2koC&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=wadi+ruqqad+azwar&source=bl&ots=fWGemCOnLu&sig=xQrgVin-RDG8yc0wWdj50mfXtEE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vmy6VLTpHYjJuASxl4DIDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=wadi%20ruqqad%20azwar&f=false Yarmuk AD 636: The Muslim Conquest of Syria By David Nicolle]</ref> but some commentary has criticize the authenticity of this incident about Khawlah because it was recorded without various citations which approved by that era scholars and only by [[Waqidi]], who has been criticized by [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]] , al-Shafi’i, Al-Bukhari and others as unreliable<ref name="islammemo2003"/><ref name="letmeturnthetables1"/>

==Historicity regarding death==

The young Sahabi embraced his death in Syria, being victim of the pernicious plague outbreak which broke in Syria and western Iraq which caused by severe drought took the lives of many of the pious Companion including [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah]]. the time of his death was said as 18th years after [[Hijra (Islam)|Hijra]] which means his death was supposedly in 640 AD<ref>http://www.atlastours.net/jordan/jordan_valley.html</ref> He was buried in Syria.<ref>Book "Futooh ush Sham" written by Allama Waqidi</ref>

but another account from [[Ibn 'Abd al-Barr]] said he was fallen in the battle of Ajnadayn. contrary to Al Waqidi report who has said he has fallen in [[Battle of Yamama]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=DrtLsKXt1osC&pg=PA149&dq=dirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AxDaVKeJE8SyuATcz4HoDw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dirar%20azwar&f=false]</ref><ref>http://islamstory.com/ar/ضرار_بن_الأزور {{cite book | last = Khuri Hitti | first = Phillip | year=2005 |title = The Origins of the Islamic State quoting Ya'kubi vol II page 165,2002 |page = 149 }}</ref>

Also it was reported by Ibn Hajjar Hadith that in one case that Dhiraar murdered [[Malik ibn Nuwayrah]] and committed adultery of female slave taken from the campaign. so Khalid has ordered by Caliph Umar to executed him due this crime. However, before Khalid received the order to execute Dhiraar, he was already dead<ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=OqHvlJYjgRUC&pg=PA43&dq=dirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QxHaVP-eMIyJuASsuoE4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dirar%20azwar&f=false {{cite book | last = Zawātī | first = Ḥilmī | year=2005 |title = Is Jihād a Just War? quoting [[Al-Bayhaqi|Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Husayn Al-Bayhaqi]] , Al Sunan Al Kubra 10 volume(Haydar Abad) Da'irat Al-Ma'rif Al-Uthmaniyya, 2001 |page = 44 }}]</ref> although there's some controversy regarding the textual translations if Dhiraar died in that time (regardless the cause) or not,<ref>http://kingoflinks.net/Mkhalfoon/10Khalid/6Dhrar.htm</ref> as its recorded by [[Bayhaqi]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=OqHvlJYjgRUC&pg=PA43&dq=dhirar+azwar+asad&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AMLpVNnVA9fluQSQ6YCwDQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=azwar&f=false {{cite book | last = Zawātī | first = Ḥilmī |title = Is Jihād a Just War?}}]</ref>

so this is different from Al-Waqidi version. on the other side Tabari explained the same circumstances with Waqidi that Dhiraar was appeared at the battle of Yarmouk<ref>the history of nations and the apostles and kings , Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, c 2, p. 336. رابط الموضوع: http://www.alukah.net/culture/0/54093/#ixzz3RD0InZQZ</ref> and [[Ya'qubi]] even wrote He live long enough to the [[Battle of Qadisiyah]] together with [[Tulayha]], [[Amru bin Ma'adi Yakrib]] and other Rashidun soldiers to discover the corpse of [[Rostam Farrokhzād]]<ref name="google1"/> although the chronicle of Ya'qubi was plagued with skepticism{{#tag:ref|Skepticism regarding Ya'qubi works were exist as he was accused with bias of Shiite sympathy regarding his works<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652001/al-Yaqubi Ya'qubi]</ref>|group="Notes"}}

However, it is should be noted that Ibn Hajjar surmisses there's two different person of Dhiraar. the first was Dhiraar bin Azwar from Asad tribe but another named Dhiraar bin al-Khattab was also exist, thus chroniclers like Abd al-Barr making some mistakes by identifying those two different persons as the one person. Although the confusion was evident here the older chroniclers such as Abu Ismail al Azdi and [[Sayf ibn Umar]] was conscious the existence of two Dhiraar but they also recorded both Dhiraar al-Azwar and Dhiraar bin al-Khattab was present in the Syrian campaign particularly battle of Yarmouk, Dismissing al-Barr & Waqidi's claim<ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=FP09AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA74&dq=dhirar+azwar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=O8XpVOCJBMmgugSv_YCgBg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dhirar%20azwar&f=false {{cite book | last = Nassau Lees | first = W. |title = The Conquest of Syria commonly ascribed to Muḥammad b. 'Umar al- Wāqidī: Ed. with notes by W. Nassau Lees, Volume 1}}]</ref>

==Legacy==

[[Dirar Bin Al-Azwar mosque]] was built to commemorate the Prophet’s companion, Dirar Bin Al Azwar. the Mosque is located to the northern part of the Jordan Valley adjacent the mausoleum of [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah]], another prophet's companion and his former superior on the campaign against Byzantine empire, in an area which witnessed the [[Battle of Mu'tah|first battles between the Muslims and the Byzantine empire]] in the earliest Muslim conquests.

===In popular culture===

Several 20th century film about Muslim conquests was made which including Dhiraar as one of the cast

* Syrian actor Ahmed Slan played the role of Dhiraar bin Azwar in Series Khalid ibn al-Walid in Part I, directed by Jordanian Mohammed Azizia

* Egyptian actor Abdullah Ghaith played the role in the ''Under the shade of swords'' series<ref>[[:ar:تحت ظلال السيوف]]</ref> from the Egyptian Directed by Saeed Al-Rashidi

<-->

== Bibliografia ==

=== Fonti primarie ===

* Abū Ismāʿīl al-Azdī, ''Futūḥ al-Shām'' (attribuito erroneamente a [[Waqidi|Wāqidī]]<ref> [[Claudio Lo Jacono]], «I 'romanzi waqidei' e l'opera di Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī». Relazione presentata alla Giornata di studio nel cinquantenario della morte di [[Leone Caetani]] (Roma 16-XII-1985), Fondazione Leone Caetani dell'[[Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei]], Roma, 1985, pp. 39-54.</ref>

* {{ar}}[[TabariṬabarī|Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī]], ''Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa l-mulūk''

* {{ar}}[[Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani|Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī]], ''Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb''

* {{ar}}[[Sayf ibn 'Umar|Sayf b. ʿUmar]]

* {{ar}}[[Sahih al-Bukhari|''Ṣaḥīḥ'' di al-Bukhārī]]

* {{ar}}[[Ibn 'Abd al-Barr|Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr]], ''al-Istiʿyāb fī maʿrifat al-Aṣḥāb'' (<bigspan style="font-size: 120%;">ﺍلاستعياب في معرفة الاصحاب</bigspan>)

== Note ==

<references/>

==Voci correlate==

* [[Sahaba]]

* [[Qa'qa' ibn 'Amr]]

* [[Khawla bint al-Azwar]]

* [[Battaglia di Thaniyyat al-'Uqab]]

* [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]]

* [[Mubarizun]]

{{Sahaba}}

{{Portale|biografie|guerra|islam}}

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