Road rage: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Aggressive or angry behavior in road traffic}}

{{otheruses2|Road Rage}}

{{Other uses|Road Rage (disambiguation)}}

{{Globalize|date=August 2011}}

[[File:Road rage in Ontario.jpg|thumb|Two drivers emerging from their cars to express anger at a road situation in Ontario, Canada]]

'''Road rage''' is aggressive or angry behavior exhibited by people driving a vehicle. These behaviors include rude and verbal insults, yelling, physical threats or dangerous driving methods targeted at other drivers, [[pedestrians]], or cyclists in an effort to intimidate or release frustration. Road rage can lead to altercations, damage to property, assaults, and collisions that result in serious physical injuries or even death.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bjureberg |first1=Johan |last2=Gross |first2=James J. |title=Regulating road rage |journal=Social and Personality Psychology Compass |date=2021 |volume=15 |issue=3 |doi=10.1111/spc3.12586 |pmid=33995563 |doi-access=free |pmc=8114946}}</ref> Behaviour has included (but is not limited to) cutting motorists off, inappropriate honking, flashing headlights, using obscene gestures, flipping off another driver, swerving, [[tailgating]], [[brake checking]], and physical confrontation.

'''Road rage''' is a term used to refer to violent incidents caused primarily due to the inability to self control oneself and oneself's driving, which thus causes accidents or incidents on roadways. It is often a natural extension of [[aggressive driving]]. It is also important to note that 'road rage', or the inability to control oneself on the road, is merely a symptom of an ''overlying'' cause of not being able to control one's self and emotions; it is not the physical automobile itself that brings-out the aggressive nature of the person, it is the person themself whom, regardless of the setting, fails to control their temper.

According to a study by the [[AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety]] that examined police records nationally, there were more than 1,250 incidents of road rage on average reported per year between 1990{{endash}}1996 in the United States. Many of these incidents have ended with serious injuries or fatalities. These rates rose each year throughout the six years of the study.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mizell|first=Louis|date=March 1, 1997|title=Aggressive Driving: Three Studies|url=https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/40587|journal=National Transportation Library|publisher=AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety}}</ref> As of 2010, a number of studies have found that individuals with road rage are predominantly young (33 years old on average) and 96.6% male.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sansone |first1=Randy A. |last2=Sansone |first2=Lori A. |journal=Psychiatry |date=July 2010 |volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=14–18 |pmc=2922361 |title=Road Rage: What's Driving It? |pmid=20805914}}</ref>

==Manifestation==

From the perspective of law enforcement and transportation safety officials, road rage and aggressive driving manifest themselves in actions such as:

* [[speeding]] and [[aggressive]] acceleration

* tailgating

* cutting others off

* weaving in and out of [[traffic]]

* forming a "convoy" to block access to a traffic lane

* sounding the vehicle's horn or flashing lights excessively

* [[rude]] gestures (such as [[the finger]] in an OFFENSIVE not DEFENSIVE manner)

* shouting [[verbal abuse]], including [[threats]]

* deliberately hitting another person, vehicle or object with one's own vehicle

* hitting a person or vehicle with a [[weapon]] other than a vehicle e.g. a [[tire iron]], [[golf club]], or [[baseball bat]]

* threatening to use or using a [[firearm]] or other deadly weapon

* pursuing for retaliation or [[revenge]] of a perceived slight

* triggering or exaggerating [[traffic waves]]

==Legal status==

More than 300 cases of road rage annually have ended with serious injuries or even fatalities -- 1200 incidents per year according to the AAA Foundation study (see References), and rising yearly throughout the six years of the study that examined police records nationally.

In some jurisdictions, there can be a legal difference between "road rage" and "[[aggressive driving]]." In the U.S., only a few states have enacted special aggressive driving laws, where road rage cases are normally prosecuted as [[assault]] and [[Battery (crime)|battery]] (with or without a vehicle), or as [[vehicular homicide]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}}

The legal definition of road rage encompasses a group of behaviors expressed while driving, or stemming from traffic-related incidents. The U.S. [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]] defines road rage as when "an intentional assault by a driver or passenger with a motor vehicle or a weapon that occurs on the roadway or is precipitated by an incident on the roadway."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhtsa.gov/book/countermeasures-that-work/speeding-and-speed-management/countermeasures/unproven-further-evaluation/aggressive|title=Aggressive Driving and Other Laws |publisher=National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|access-date=2024-09-09}}</ref> This definition makes the distinction that aggressive driving is a traffic violation and that road rage is a criminal offense.{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}

==Road Rage Nursery==

Most drivers have feelings of road rage because it is a cultural norm. People learn this behavior from childhood when being driven by parents and adults. Also, by the time adolescents begin to drive they have been exposed to thousands of hours of TV programs that feature drivers behaving badly or dangerously and getting away with it.

== Types ==

Legally there is a difference between "road rage" and "[[aggressive driving]]". Only a few states have enacted special aggressive driving laws. Road rage cases -- about 1200 a year -- are normally processed as assault and battery (with or without a vehicle), or "vehicular homicide."

Road rage can include:<ref>{{cite web | title=Chapter 8: Defensive Driving | website=New York DMV | date=2013-11-25 | url=https://dmv.ny.gov/about-dmv/chapter-8-defensive-driving | access-date=2020-11-03}}</ref>

* Shouting, excessive use of a [[Vehicle horn|horn]] or [[Obscene gesture|obscene gestures]] and threats.

* Actions such as cutting off another vehicle, driving closely, blocking another vehicle so that it can not use a traffic lane, brake checking, chasing another vehicle or running it off the road, or deliberately slamming into a vehicle.

* Stopping a vehicle on the side or in the middle of the road, exiting the vehicle to threaten, attack, fight, or injure another motorist, passenger, pedestrian, bicyclist, or any other person.

==Medicalization= Shootings ===

Road rage shootings, being instances of road rage in which a [[gun]] is fired, are typically impulsive events in which participant(s) in a road rage incident already had a gun in their car or on their person. In the United States, a person was shot in a road rage incident every 18 hours in 2023 based on data from the [[Gun Violence Archive]] (GVA), which relies on police reports and news coverage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-19 |title=Road Rage Shootings Remain Alarmingly High |url=https://everytownresearch.org/road-rage-shootings-remain-alarmingly-high/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=[[Everytown for Gun Safety]] |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brownlee |first=Jennifer Mascia and Chip |date=2024-04-25 |title=Road Rage Shootings Have Surged Over the Past Decade |url=https://www.thetrace.org/2024/04/road-rage-shooting-gun-highway-deaths/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=[[The Trace (website)| The Trace]] |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beheraj |first=Kavya |last2=Fitzpatrick |first2=Alex |date=2024-05-09 |title=America's road rage shooting hotspots, mapped |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/05/09/us-gun-road-rage-shootings-states-map |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=[[Axios (website)| Axios]] |language=en}}</ref>

As early as 1997, therapists in the United States were working to medicalize road rage by certifying it as an official mental disorder in the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]. According to an article published by the [[Associated Press]] in June of 2006, the behaviors typically associated with road rage are in fact the result of [[intermittent explosive disorder]]. This conclusion was drawn from surveys of some 9,200 adults in the United States between 2001 and 2003, and was funded by the [[National Institute of Mental Health]].

==Effects on drivers==

[[File:Road rage.jpg|thumb|Drivers may become stressed by the actions of other road users]]

A stressed driver's behavior depends on that driver's coping abilities. Driving presents many stresses because of high speeds and the actions of other drivers. As stress increases, the likelihood of a person exhibiting road rage increases dramatically.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shamoa-Nir |first1=Lipaz |title=Road rage and aggressive driving behaviors: The role of state-trait anxiety and coping strategies |journal=Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives |date=2023 |volume=18 |pages=100780 |doi=10.1016/j.trip.2023.100780 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023TrRIP..1800780S }}</ref> Typically, younger males are most susceptible to road rage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/features/road-rage-what-it-is-how-to-avoid-it|title=Road Rage: What It Is, How to Avoid It|last=Davis|first=Susan|website=WebMD|language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-22}}</ref> Most reported cases of road rage occur because of cutting in and out of traffic, lane changes, disputes over parking spots or rude gestures. A report found that 6.8% of selected road rage incidents result in death.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mann|first1=Robert E.|last2=Smart|first2=Reginald G.|date=2002-10-01|title=Deaths and injuries from road rage: cases in Canadian newspapers|url=http://www.cmaj.ca/content/167/7/761|journal=CMAJ|language=en|volume=167|issue=7|pages=761–762|issn=0820-3946|pmid=12389837|pmc=126507}}</ref>

According to one study, people who customize their cars with stickers and other adornments are more prone to road rage. In the study, the number of territory markers predicted road rage better than did vehicle value or condition. Only the number of bumper stickers, not their content, predicted road rage.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080613/full/news.2008.889.html|title=Bumper stickers reveal link to road rage|last=Kaplan|first=Matt|date=13 June 2008|journal=Nature|access-date=August 28, 2016|doi=10.1038/news.2008.889|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Territorial Markings as a Predictor of Driver Aggression and Road Rage|last=Szlemko|first=William J.|display-authors=etal|date=21 May 2008|journal=Journal of Applied Social Psychology|doi=10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00364.x|volume=38|issue = 6|pages=1664–1688}}</ref>

Common targets of road rage are [[driving instructor]]s and [[driver's education|learner drivers]]; as these road users tend to follow road regulations very closely, with learners prone to making more mistakes, they are often antagonized by aggressive drivers. In 2019, a survey by British insurance provider [[Young Marmalade]] found that 77% of driving instructors face regular abuse and intimidation from other road users while teaching students, and that 8% of learner drivers have abandoned learning to drive as a result of road rage they have experienced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stop dangerous driving around learner drivers |url=https://www.wearemarmalade.co.uk/driver-hub/learning-to-drive/anxiety-and-nerves/dangerous-driving-around-learner-drivers/ |website=Driver Hub |publisher=[[Young Marmalade]] |access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Keep Calm and Drive On, August 15, 2014 (14934776186).jpg|thumb|An electronic road sign in Massachusetts, discouraging road rage]]

Road rage is not an official mental disorder recognized in the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'' (''DSM''). However, according to an article published by the [[Associated Press]] in June 2006, the behaviors typically associated with road rage can be the result of a disorder known as [[intermittent explosive disorder]] that is recognized in the DSM. This conclusion was drawn from surveys of 9,200 adults in the United States between 2001 and 2003. The surveys were funded by the [[National Institute of Mental Health]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13152708/ns/health-mental_health/t/road-rage-gets-medical-diagnosis/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831140639/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13152708/ns/health-mental_health/t/road-rage-gets-medical-diagnosis/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 31, 2013|title='Road rage' gets a medical diagnosis|date=2006-06-05|website=msnbc.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref>

==Penalties==

Road rage is a relativelypotentially serious act:, and it may be seen as an endangerment of [[public safety]]. However, Itit is, however, not always possible to judge intent by external observation, so "road ragers" who are stopped by [[police]] may be charged only with relatively minorother offencesoffenses such as careless or [[reckless driving]], or may be fined or arrested. Some consider road ragers to be criminals.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-03-31/man-charged-over-road-rage-incident/387760 | title=Man charged over road rage incident | publisher=ABC News | date=March 31, 2010 | access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.yorkdispatch.com/news/ci_18652272 | title=McSherrystown man charged in road-rage incident | publisher=York Dispatch | date=2011-08-10 | access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref>

===Australia===

It is, however, likely that those causing serious injury or death during "road rage" incidents will suffer more serious penalties than those applicable to similar outcomes from simple negligence.

In [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], road rage is considered an extremely serious act. Any person who "engages in a course of conduct that causes or threatens an impact involving the other vehicle" while intending to cause a person bodily harm can be charged with predatory driving, a serious offense that can send the culprit to jail for up to five years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CRIMES ACT 1900 - SECT 51A Predatory driving|url=http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/ca190082/s51a.html|access-date=2020-10-27|website=classic.austlii.edu.au}}</ref> Offenders can also be fined A$100,000 and disqualified from driving, regardless of intent to physically harm the victim. If the predatory driving results in physical assault or harm, and/or the victim's car is intentionally damaged, penalties can be much more severe.{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}}

Most common-law countries prohibit common assault, which could apply to road rage in which the personal safety of the victim is seen to be threatened. The common law regards assault as both a criminal and civil matter, leading to both public criminal penalties and private civil liabilities.{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}

A few [[U.S. state]]s have passed laws against aggressive driving. However, only one state, [[California]], has turned "road rage" into a legal [[term of art]] by giving it a particular meaning.[http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/vctop/d06/vc13210.htm]

===Germany===

==Road rage on the Web==

Road rage, insults, and rude gestures in traffic can lead to fines and prison sentences for drivers who shout insults or make offensive gestures while driving.<ref>{{cite web

Various websites cater to road ragers by letting them report their stories including details of the so-called offenders. Thus there are those who believe that road rage is covertly facilitated, if not fostered, by society at large through a lack of serious police, court and general social response to its increasing levels of occurrence and severity.

| url = http://www.eur.army.mil/news/2009/2009-11-24-1_RoadRage.pdf

| title = Road rage, insults, rude gestures can lead to fines, prison in Germany

| author = Robert Szostek

| publisher = U.S. Army Europe Office of the Provost Marshal Public Affairs Office

| date = November 24, 2009

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170702182217/http://www.eur.army.mil/news/2009/2009-11-24-1_RoadRage.pdf

| archive-date = July 2, 2017

}}</ref>

===New External links Zealand===

In [[New Zealand]], road rage in itself is not an offense, but drivers are usually charged with other offences committed during an act of road rage (usually [[assault]] or unlawful possession of an offensive weapon).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/news/95181866/driving-us-crazy-why-we-need-to-take-road-rage-more-seriously | title=Road rage: Why human behaviour changes behind the wheel | publisher=Stuff | date=July 29, 2017 | author=Sewell, Rochelle | access-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> Drivers have a legal duty to take reasonable care to avoid endangerment of human life when operating a vehicle (s 156 Crimes Act 1961); failure to discharge this duty, such as an act of aggressive driving, can give rise to liability in criminal nuisance (s 146 Crimes Act 1961). Ramming a vehicle constitutes intentional or reckless damage to property, a criminal offense, with a maximum penalty of seven years of imprisonment (s 269 Crimes Act 1961). New Zealand courts currently have no powers to disqualify drivers who physically assault another road user.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fmo3DwAAQBAJ&q=New+Zealand+courts+currently+have+no+powers+to+disqualify+drivers+who+physically+assault+another+road+user&pg=PA118|title=101 Essays for IAS/ PCS & other Competitive Exams|last=Experts|first=Disha|publisher=Disha Publications|isbn=9789386320940|language=en}}</ref>

* Extensive data regarding road rage and driving behavior can be found at the (U.S.) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ([http://www.nhtsa.gov/ NHTSA]) website.

==References=Singapore===

Road rage is a crime in Singapore. Offenders found guilty of road rage may be liable to an imprisonment term of up to two years and / or a fine of up to $5,000 for causing damage.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chong|first1=Elena|title=Bus driver jailed one week for road rage|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/bus-driver-jailed-one-week-for-road-rage|access-date=1 December 2015|publisher=Straits Times}}</ref>

<references/>

===United Kingdom===

Controlling Road Rage: A Literature Review and Pilot Study Prepared for the The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety By Daniel B. Rathbone, Ph.D. Jorg C. Huckabee, MSCE June 9, 1999

In the UK, road rage can result in criminal penalties for assault or more serious offenses against the person. The [[Public Order Act 1986]] can also apply to road rage. Sections 4A and 5 of the 1986 Act prohibit public acts likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress. Section 4 also prohibits threatening, abusive or insulting words or behavior with intent to cause a victim to believe that violence will be used against himself or another.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=2236942 |title=Public Order Act 1986 |publisher=Statutelaw.gov.uk |access-date=2013-03-12}}</ref>

http://www.aaafoundation.org/resources/index.cfm?button=roadrage

===United States===

ROAD RAGE: CAUSES AND DANGERS OF AGGRESSIVE DRIVING (transcript of a portion of the official hearing record of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure -- 1997):

In some jurisdictions, such as the [[Commonwealth of Virginia]], it is easier to prosecute road rage as reckless driving instead of aggressive driving simply because the burden of proof does not require intent to successfully convict.{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}

http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/Trans/hpw105-34.000/hpw105-34_0f.htm

It is likely that those causing serious injury or death during road-rage incidents will suffer more serious penalties than those applicable to similar outcomes from simple negligence. In April 2007, a Colorado driver was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to two consecutive life terms for causing the deaths of two motorists in November 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.denverpost.com/ci_5682631|title=Road-rage killer unrepentant|last=Nicholson|first=Kieran|date=2007-04-16|newspaper=The Denver Post|access-date=2013-03-12}}</ref><ref>[http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/local/article/0,1299,DRMN_15_5488641,00.html Road-rage driver offers blame at sentencing: Local News: The Rocky Mountain News] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528020652/http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/local/article/0,1299,DRMN_15_5488641,00.html |date=May 28, 2007 }}</ref>

Summary Table on Aggressive Driving Laws http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/enforce/speedlaws501/summtable_aggressive.htm

Fourteen [[U.S. state]]s have passed laws against aggressive driving. Only one state, [[California]], has turned "road rage" into a legal [[term of art]] by giving it a particular meaning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/vctop/d06/vc13210.htm|title=V.C. Section 13210 - Court-Ordered Suspension: Road Rage|date=2008-05-22|publisher=Dmv.ca.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309215847/http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/vctop/d06/vc13210.htm|archive-date=9 March 2013|access-date=2013-03-12}}</ref> In Virginia, aggressive driving is punished as a lesser crime (Class 2 misdemeanor) than is reckless driving (Class 1 misdemeanor).<ref>{{cite web|author=Michael Winter |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/02/19/vegas-road-rage-death-arrest/23691065/ |title=Suspect in Las Vegas road-rage killing knew victim |publisher=Usatoday.com |date=2015-02-20 |access-date=2015-11-02}}</ref>

Redshaw, Sarah (2001) Safer driving through reflective thinking

http://drivers.com/article/369/

==Rankings==

Survey of the States Speeding Laws

===United Kingdom===

http://www.statehighwaysafety.org/html/publications/pdf/surveystates2005/speeding_intro.pdf

In the UK, most aggressive driving occurs in the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/23063825.east-riding-yorkshire-ranked-road-rage-capital-uk/|title=East Riding of Yorkshire ranked the road rage capital of UK|date=20 October 2022|author-first=Emily|author-last=Horner|website=[[The Press (York)]]|access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref> while the least occurs in [[County Durham|Durham]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://heydiscount.co.uk/consumer-research/road-rage-capitals|title=Road Rage Capitals: The UK's Angriest Drivers|date=23 August 2022|access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref> according to 2022 surveys.

http://www.vcorps.army.mil/Safety/driving/AggressiveDriving.ppt#23

===United States===

Safe Senior Citizen Driving

A 2007 study of the largest U.S. metropolitan areas concluded that the cities with the least courteous drivers (most road rage) are [[Miami]], [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], [[New York City|New York]], [[Los Angeles]] and [[Boston]]. The cities with the most courteous drivers (least road rage) are [[Minneapolis]], [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], [[St. Louis]], [[Seattle]] and [[Atlanta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2006/05/16/006847.html |title=Road Rage Survey Reveals Best, Worst Cities |publisher=Theautochannel.com |access-date=2013-03-12}}</ref> In a 2009 AutoVantage survey, New York, [[Dallas/Fort Worth]], [[Detroit]], Atlanta and [[Minneapolis/St. Paul]] were rated the top five American cities for road rage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marketingcharts.com/industries/automotive-industries-9552|title=Top 10 Best & Worst US Cities for Road Rage|publisher=Marketingcharts.com|access-date=2018-04-11|date=2009-06-24}}</ref>

http://www.helpguide.org/life/senior_citizen_driving.htm

According to the [[Texas Department of Transportation]], there were 2,510 road rage-related accidents in [[Texas]] in 2022, with the largest number occurring in the cities of [[San Antonio]] and [[Houston]]. The cities with the highest per capita rates were [[Midlothian, Texas|Midlothian]], [[San Antonio]] and [[New Braunfels]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ramseylawpc.com/news/texas-road-rage-accidents-in-2022/|title=Texas Road Rage Accidents in 2022|date=20 February 2023|website=Ramsey Law Group|access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref>

[[Category:Psychology]]

[[Category:Road safety]]

[[Category:Violence]]

==See also==

[[es:Violencia vehicular]]

* [[Air rage]]

* [[Bike rage]]

* [[Jaywalking]]

* [[Brake check]]

* [[Sidewalk rage]]

== Quotes References==

{{Reflist}}

"I suffer from road rage when I am driving; at the people ''in'' the car with me." [[Ed Chapman]]

==General sources==

* [http://www.aaafoundation.org/resources/index.cfm?button=roadrage Controlling Road Rage: A Literature Review and Pilot Study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202090536/http://www.aaafoundation.org/resources/index.cfm?button=roadrage |date=2010-12-02 }} Prepared for The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety By Daniel B. Rathbone, Ph.D. Jorg C. Huckabee, MSCE June 9, 1999

* [http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/Trans/hpw105-34.000/hpw105-34_0f.htm Road Rage: Causes and Dangers of Aggressive Driving] (transcript of a portion of the official hearing record of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure&nbsp;– 1997)

*[http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/enforce/speedlaws501/summtable_aggressive.htm Summary Table on Aggressive Driving Laws] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927170142/http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/enforce/speedlaws501/summtable_aggressive.htm |date=2006-09-27 }}, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

* [http://www.statehighwaysafety.org/html/publications/pdf/surveystates2005/speeding_intro.pdf Survey of the States&nbsp;– Speeding] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060531025104/http://www.statehighwaysafety.org/html/publications/pdf/surveystates2005/speeding_intro.pdf |date=2006-05-31 }}, Governors Highway Safety Association

==Further reading==

* {{Cite book | last = Eberle | first = Paul | title = Terror on the Highway | publisher = Prometheus Books | ___location = Buffalo | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-59102-379-1 }}

* {{Cite book | last = Larson | first = John | title = Steering Clear of Highway Madness | publisher = Bookpartners | ___location = Wilsonville | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-1-885221-38-4 }}

==External links==

* [https://www.thezebra.com/wt/documents/88/the_zebra_road_rage_and_aggressive_driving_study_2019.pdf U.S. Study: Road Rage and Aggressive Driving (2019)]

{{Traffic law}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Road Rage}}

[[Category:Driving]]

[[Category:Hazardous motor vehicle activities]]

[[Category:Traffic law]]

[[Category:Crimes]]

[[Category:Violent crime]]

[[Category:Rage (emotion)]]

[[Category:Road safety]]

[[Category:Violence]]