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{{Short description|Funicular in the city of Zurich, Switzerland}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Polybahn
| other_name = Zürichbergbahn; Seilbahn Limmatquai–Hochschulen
| color =
| logo = Polybahn Logo.svg
| logo_width = 250px
| image = Polybahn IMG 0396.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| caption =
| type = [[Funicular]]
| system =
| status = In operation
| locale = [[Zurich|City of Zurich]], [[Switzerland]]
| start = "[[Central, Zurich|Central]] (Polybahn)" near [[Zürich Hauptbahnhof]]
| end = "Polyterrasse" at Leonhardstrasse/[[ETH Zurich#Main building|ETH main building]]
| stations = 2
| routes =
| routenumber = 2700
| open = {{start date and years ago|1889|01|08|df=y}}
| event1label = Single-track
| event1 = 1996
| event2label =
| event2 =
| event3label =
| event3 =
| close =
| owner = ''UBS-Polybahn AG'' (since 1998); ''SBG-Polybahn AG'' (1976–1998, name change); ''Zürichbergbahn-Gesellschaft'' (1889–1976)
| operator = [[Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich]]
| character =
| depot =
| stock = 2 for 50 passengers each
| linelength =
| tracklength = {{convert|176|m}}
| tracks = 1 with [[passing loop]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|955 mm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gondolaproject.com/2013/01/16/zurichs-urban-funiculars-the-polybahn-and-rigiblick-funicular/ |title=Zurich's Urban Funiculars: The Polybahn and Rigiblick Funicular |publisher=The Gondola Project |date=2013-01-13 |access-date=2014-05-05 |archive-date=2014-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505164209/http://gondolaproject.com/2013/01/16/zurichs-urban-funiculars-the-polybahn-and-rigiblick-funicular/}}</ref>
| minradius =
| maxincline = 26% (avg. 23%)
| racksystem = - (before 1996: [[Rack railway#Abt|Abt]])
| speed = {{convert|2.5|m/s}}
| elevation_m = 450
| map =
| map_state =
| electrification = 1897 ([[Funicular#Water_counterbalancing|water counterbalancing]] before)
| website = [https://www.polybahn.ch/en/ polybahn.ch]
}}
[[File:Zuerich polybahn eingang.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the lower station of the Polybahn at the [[Central, Zurich|''Central'']] square]]
[[File:Polybahn.JPG|right|thumb|Car leaving the lower station across the viaduct over Seilergraben]]
[[File:Polybahn IMG 0392.jpg|thumb|The passing loop above the viaduct]]
[[File:Wikimedia Zürich 17 06 029.jpg|thumb|Car approaching upper station]]
[[File:Bergstation.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the upper station]]
[[File:Zürichbergbahn-Gesellschaft 1888.jpg|thumb|Share of the Zürichbergbahn-Gesellschaft, issued 15. February 1888]]
The '''Polybahn''', also known as the '''UBS Polybahn''', is a [[funicular]] in the city of [[Zurich]], Switzerland. The line links the [[Central, Zurich|''Central'' square]] with the terrace ({{lang|de|Polyterrasse}}) by the main building of [[ETH Zurich]], which was formerly called {{lang|de|Eidgenössisches Polytechnikum}}, and from which the railway derives its name. The [[top station]] is also close to the [[Natural History Museum of the University of Zurich|Natural History Museum]].
Previous names for the line include the '''SBG Polybahn''' and the '''Zürichbergbahn'''. The line is owned by the banking group [[UBS AG]], and operated on their behalf by the municipal transport operator [[Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich]].<ref name=vbzsr>{{cite web |title=UBS Polybahn |publisher=VBZ |language=German |url=http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/vbz/de/index/die_vbz/mitbetreute_bahnen/ubs_polybahn.html |access-date=2011-08-09 |archive-date=2011-11-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115135016/http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/vbz/de/index/die_vbz/mitbetreute_bahnen/ubs_polybahn.html}}</ref><ref name=liftdb>{{cite web |title=Zürich - Polybahn |url=http://www.seilbahntechnik.net/en/lifts/2240/datas.htm |publisher=Lift-World.info |access-date=2011-08-09 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929061409/http://www.seilbahntechnik.net/en/lifts/2240/datas.htm}}</ref><ref name=funnet>{{cite web |url=http://www.funiculars.net/line.php?id=219 | title=Polybahn |work=Funiculars.net |publisher=Pantograph.se |access-date=2011-08-09 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130222060115/http://www.funiculars.net/line.php?id=219 |archive-date=2013-02-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=saw65>{{cite book | title = Eisenbahnatlas Schweiz | year = 2012 | publisher = Verlag Schweers + Wall GmbH | isbn=978-3-89494-130-7 | page = 65}}</ref>
The Polybahn is one of two funiculars within the city of Zurich, the other being the [[Rigiblick funicular]] in the city's northern suburbs. Additionally, the city's [[Dolderbahn|''Dolderbahn ''rack railway]] was originally a funicular, until its conversion to [[rack railway|rack working]] in the 1970s.
== History ==
In 1886 a concession for the railway was issued, and the line was opened by the Zürichbergbahn company in 1889. The funicular was initially water-driven (filling water in a ballast tank under the carriage at the top station, emptying at the bottom); the railway was converted to electric drive in 1897.<ref name=vbzpbh>{{cite web |title=Geschichte der UBS Polybahn |trans-title=History of the UBS Polybahn |publisher=VBZ |language=German |url=http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/vbz/de/index/die_vbz/mitbetreute_bahnen/ubs_polybahn/geschichte_der_ubs_polybahn.html |access-date=2011-08-09 |archive-date=2012-03-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324134327/http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/vbz/de/index/die_vbz/mitbetreute_bahnen/ubs_polybahn/geschichte_der_ubs_polybahn.html}}</ref>
In 1950 the Zürichbergbahn company began losing money, and eventually (in the 1970s) decided not to renew the concession. In 1972 a foundation was created to help preserve the Polybahn. In 1976 the [[Union Bank of Switzerland]], then known in German as the ''Schweizerische Bankgesellschaft'' or SBG, rescued the Polybahn, branding it as the SBG Polybahn. The line and cars were refurbished for a planned 20 more years service.<ref name=vbzpbh/>
In 1996 the railway was completely rebuilt. The haulage mechanism was replaced, and fully automated, whilst the old three-rail tracks were replaced with the current two-rail tracks. On 21 October 1996 the railway reopened and is now advertised under the name UBS Polybahn, reflecting the rebranding (in 1998) of the owning banking group as UBS AG. In 1998 the line set a new record, carrying more than 2 million passengers.<ref name=vbzpbh/>
On 30 May 2021 the Polybahn was closed for refurbishment, with the cars being removed by crane. The Polybahn reopened on 17 September 2021.<ref name=ubspolybahn>{{cite web |url=https://www.polybahn.ch/en/ |title=UBS Polybahn |website=polybahn.ch |publisher=UBS Polybahn |access-date=2021-06-02 |archive-date=2021-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602150436/https://www.polybahn.ch/en/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/zuerich-polybahn-faehrt-wieder-zur-polyterrasse-und-hochschulen-ld.1645847?reduced=true |title=Die rote Bahn von Zürich rumpelt wieder zur Polyterrasse hinauf – neu auch sonntags |language=de |trans-title=The red train from Zurich rumbles up to the Polyterrasse again - now also on Sundays |work=Neue Zürcher Zeitung |date=2021-09-17 |first=Dorothee |last=Vögeli |access-date=2021-12-30}}</ref>
== Operation ==
The line has the following parameters:<ref name=funnet/><ref name=saw65/><ref name="vbzsr"/>
{{row hover highlight}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Feature
! Value
|-
| Number of cars
| 2
|-
| Number of stops
| 2
|-
| Configuration
| [[Single track (rail)|Single track]] with [[passing loop]]
|-
| Mode of operation
| Automated
|-
| Drive
| [[Three-phase]] [[AC motor]] with [[frequency changer]]
|-
| Track length
| {{convert|176|m}}
|-
| Rise
| {{convert|41|m}}
|-
| Average [[Grade (slope)|gradient]]
| 23%
|-
| [[Track gauge]]
| {{RailGauge|955 mm}}
|-
| Capacity
| 50 persons per car
|-
| Maximum speed
| {{convert|2.5|m/s}}
|-
| Capacity per direction
| 1200 Persons/hour
|-
| Travel time
| 100 seconds
|-
| Frequency
| Every 2.5 minutes
|}
The standard [[Zürcher Verkehrsverbund]] zonal fare tariffs apply, with the whole of the line being within [[Fare zones of Zurich|fare zone 110]] (formerly zone 10; Zurich city).<ref>{{cite web | title = Frequently asked questions | url = http://www.zvv.ch/en/special-services/faq/index.html | publisher = [[Zürcher Verkehrsverbund]] | accessdate = 2011-08-26 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111003185227/http://www.zvv.ch/en/special-services/faq/index.html | archivedate = 2011-10-03 }}</ref> A special Polybahn ticket is also available; it costs less than the regular 110 fare. <ref>{{cite web | title = UBS Polybahn (Ride) | url = https://www.polybahn.ch/en/ | accessdate = 2021-12-19 }}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Public transport in Zurich]]
* [[List of funicular railways]]
* [[List of funiculars in Switzerland]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Polybahn}}
* [https://www.polybahn.ch/en/ UBS Polybahn official web site]
* [http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/vbz/de/index/die_vbz/mitbetreute_bahnen/ubs_polybahn.html Page on the Polybahn from the official web site of the VBZ] (in German)
* [http://www.funimag.com/suisse/polybahn01.htm Funimag article on the Polybahn]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDztJTyZ6xs Video of descent of the line from YouTube]
{{Coord|47|22|35|N|8|32|38|E|region:CH-ZH_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Zürich}}
{{Public transport in Zurich}}
[[Category:Former water-powered funicular railways converted to electricity]]
[[Category:Funicular railways in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Transport in Zurich]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1889]]
[[Category:Hochschulen]]
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