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{{Short description|Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 1964}}
{{distinguish|Hurricane Isabel|Hurricane Iselle}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Hurricane Isbell
| image = Hurricane Isbell analysis 15 Oct 1964.png
| caption = [[Surface weather analysis]] of the hurricane on October 15, 1964
| formed = October 8, 1964
| extratropical = October 16, 1964
| dissipated = October 19, 1964
}}{{Infobox weather event/NWS
| winds = 100
| pressure = 964
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 1964
| fatalities = 7 total
| damage = 30000000
| areas = {{flatlist|
*[[Cuba]]
*[[East Coast of the United States]]
}}
| refs =
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[1964 Atlantic hurricane season]]
}}
'''Hurricane Isbell''' was the final hurricane to affect the United States during the [[1964 Atlantic hurricane season|1964 season]]. The eleventh [[Tropical cyclone naming|tropical storm]] and sixth hurricane of the season, Isbell developed from a dissipating [[cold front]] in the southwestern Caribbean on October 8. The depression initially remained disorganized as it track northwestward, but strengthened into Tropical Storm Isbell on October 13. Re-curving northeastward, Isbell quickly strengthened further and reached hurricane status by later that day. Late on October 13, Isbell made landfall in the [[Pinar del Río Province]] of Cuba. The storm continued strengthening and peaked as a Category 3 hurricane on the following day. Isbell moved northeastward and made landfall near [[Everglades, Florida]], late on October 14. After reaching the Atlantic on the following day, the storm began to weaken. Isbell turned northward and continued weakening, before transitioning to an extratropical cyclone while located just offshore eastern [[North Carolina]] on October 16.
The storm produced strong winds throughout western Cuba. Hundreds of homes were destroyed, as were several tobacco warehouses. There was at least $20 million in damage and four deaths in Cuba, three of them caused by collapsing houses in the [[Guane]] area. Several tornadoes in Florida caused significant damage. Throughout the state, 1 house was destroyed, 33 were severely damaged, and 631 suffered minor impact. Additionally, 66 trailers were destroyed and 88 were inflicted with major damage. Three deaths occurred in the state, one due to a heart attack and two from drowning in Florida Keys when their shrimp boat sank. Because the storm weakened considerably, impact in North Carolina was generally minor. The storm also spawned at least nine tornadoes in the state, which demolished trailers and unroofed homes and other buildings in several communities. Damage throughout the United States totaled $10 million.
==
{{storm path|Isbell 1964 track.png}}
Hurricane Isbell was first identified as a weak tropical disturbance on October 7, 1964 over the western Caribbean. Situated to the south of a diffuse [[Trough (meteorology)|trough]], the system remained weak and relatively disorganized as it moved generally northwest near [[Honduras]] and [[Nicaragua]]. Despite the presence of an upper-level [[anticyclone]], which promotes favorable [[Outflow (meteorology)|outflow]] for [[tropical cyclones]] and aids in [[tropical cyclogenesis]], a lack of distinct low-level inflow inhibited intensification. Additionally, an area of warm [[troposphere|mid-tropospheric]] air was present within the cyclone. Though a disheveled system,<ref name="MWR">{{cite journal|author=Gordon E. Dunn|publisher=United States Weather Bureau|journal=[[Monthly Weather Review]]|date=March 1965|access-date=June 17, 2014|title=The Hurricane Season of 1964: Individual Tropical Cyclones: Hurricane Isbell, October 8–16|volume=93|issue=3|pages=185–187|doi=10.1175/1520-0493-93.3.175|issn=1520-0493|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/093/mwr-093-03-0175.pdf|format=.PDF|bibcode = 1965MWRv...93..175D |doi-access=free}}</ref> it is analyzed to have become a [[Tropical cyclone#Tropical depression|tropical depression]] by 12:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on October 8. The following day, the depression skirted the eastern coast of Honduras.<ref name="HURDAT">{{cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=April 1, 2014|access-date=June 17, 2014|title=Atlantic Hurricane Best Track (HURDAT version 2)|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2013-040114.txt|format=.TXT}}</ref> Operationally, it was not until October 10 that the [[Weather Bureau]] initiated advisories on the depression.<ref name="MWR"/> On that date, a [[weather reconnaissance]] mission into the system found a weak [[Low-pressure area|low-level circulation]] with a [[barometric pressure]] of 1007.3 [[Bar (unit)|mb]] ([[Pascal (unit)|hPa]]; 29.75 [[Inches of Mercury|inHg]]) and winds of {{convert|20|–|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in [[squall]]s.<ref name="Advisories">{{cite report|work=United States Weather Bureau|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1964|access-date=June 17, 2014|title=Hurricane Isbell October 12 - 16, 1964 Preliminary Reports With Advisories and Bulletins Issued|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/hurricanes/Qc9452i84h81964.pdf}}</ref> Throughout October 11 and 12, the depression slowly executed a tight cyclonic loop over the northwestern Caribbean Sea. It finally organized into a tropical storm and was [[Tropical cyclone naming|given the name]] ''Isbell'' by 00:00 UTC on October 13 after completing the loop and acquiring a north-northeast trajectory.<ref name="HURDAT"/>
Throughout October 13, marked intensification of the cyclone occurred.<ref name="MWR"/> Over a 24‑hour span, ending at 18:00 UTC, its central pressure fell from 1005 mb (hPa; 29.68 inHg) to 979 mb (hPa; 28.91 inHg) which was reflected in Isbell's winds more than doubling from {{convert|35|to|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="HURDAT"/> Shortly thereafter, the storm made [[landfall]] in extreme western [[Cuba]], near [[Guane]], before emerging over the southeastern [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref name="MWR"/> Isbell's brief stint over land did not hinder development, which continued unabated until 12:00 UTC on October 14 at which time it reached its maximum intensity. Situated to the south of [[Key West, Florida]], Isbell attained winds of {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} which ranks it as a [[Category 3 hurricane]] on the modern-day [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]]. Additionally, its central pressure bottomed out at 964 mb (hPa; 28.47 inHg).<ref name="HURDAT"/> Around this time, a new low-pressure area formed {{convert|300|mi|km|abbr=on}} to Isbell's northwest over the Gulf in response to a powerful [[cold-core low]] over the [[Mississippi Valley]]. The cyclonic flow of this second system brought cool, dry air from the north and circulated it into the hurricane. This in turn caused the storm to become asymmetric in structure with [[Weather radar|radar imagery]] indicating little to no [[dBZ (meteorology)|reflectivity]] along the western periphery of the hurricane.<ref name="MWR"/>
[[File:Hurricane Isbell October 14, 1964 microfilm map.png|thumb|Surface weather analysis of Hurricane Isbell and the nearby non-tropical low over the Gulf of Mexico at 12:00 UTC on October 14.]]
The degrading structure of Isbell resulted in some weakening as it accelerated toward [[Florida]]. At 22:00 UTC on October 14, the hurricane made landfall near [[Everglades City, Florida|Everglades City]] as a [[Category 2 hurricane|Category 2]] with sustained winds between {{convert|100|and|110|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="MWR"/><ref name="USlandfall"/> Within five hours, the system cleared the [[Florida Peninsula]] and emerged over the western Atlantic Ocean north of [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]].<ref>{{cite report|work=United States Weather Bureau|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1964|access-date=June 20, 2014|title=Land Based Radar Track of Eye of Hurricane Isbell|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/prenhc/prelim04.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref> The storm's passage over land resulted in notable weakening, though Isbell remained of hurricane-strength. During the afternoon of October 15, the low that had formed the previous day induced a northward turn of the cyclone and directed it toward [[North Carolina]], a result of what is known as the [[Fujiwhara effect]].<ref name="MWR"/> Thereafter, the two systems began to intertwine as Isbell began transitioning into an [[extratropical cyclone]]; rapid weakening accompanied this phase.<ref name="EHill">{{cite report|author=E. Hill|work=United States Weather Bureau|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1964|access-date=June 20, 2014|title=Hurricane Isbell|page=2|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/prenhc/ehill2.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref> Isbell completed this process by 12:00 UTC on October 16 as it moved onshore near [[Morehead City, North Carolina]].<ref name="HURDAT"/><ref name="EHill"/> On October 17 the two non-tropical systems merged into a single storm over the [[Outer Banks]].<ref name="EHill"/> Isbell's remnants emerged back over the Atlantic Ocean on October 18 near the [[Delmarva Peninsula]] before accelerating northeast. The system was last noted on October 19 as it moved over [[Atlantic Canada]].<ref name="WPC"/>
==Preparations==
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Summary of [[Tropical cyclone warnings and watches|warnings and watches]] associated with Hurricane Isbell for the United States<ref name="Advisories"/>
|-
! scope="col" | Warning type
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Time issued
! scope="col" align="center"|State
! scope="col" align="center"|Areas/changes to previous
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat5}}"| Hurricane warning
|rowspan=3|October 13
|rowspan=3|22:00 UTC
|rowspan=3|[[Florida]]
|align="center"|[[Dry Tortugas]]
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat4}}"| Hurricane watch
|align="center"|[[Florida Keys|Lower Florida Keys]] to [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]]
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat3}}"| Gale warning
|align="center"|Dry Tortugas to [[Marathon, Florida|Marathon]]
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat4}}"| Hurricane watch
|rowspan=9|October 14
|rowspan=2|01:00 UTC
|rowspan=2|Florida
|align="center"|Extended east to [[Key Largo, Florida|Key Largo]]
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat3}}"| Gale warning
|align="center"|Extended east to Key Largo
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat5}}"| Hurricane warning
|04:00 UTC
|Florida
|align="center"|Extended east to [[Key West, Florida|Key West]] and Marathon; raised for areas between [[Flamingo, Florida|Flamingo]] north to [[Ft. Myers, Florida|Ft. Myers]]
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat4}}"| Hurricane watch
|rowspan=2|10:00 UTC
|rowspan=2|Florida
|rowspan=2; align="center"|Extended northward to [[Cape Canaveral|Cape Kennedy]], including [[Lake Okeechobee]]
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat3}}"| Gale warning
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat5}}"| Hurricane warning
|16:00 UTC
|Florida
|align="center"|[[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]] to [[Vero Beach, Florida|Vero Beach]], including Lake Okeechobee
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat5}}"| Hurricane warning
|rowspan=3|22:00 UTC
|rowspan=3|Florida
|align="center"|Extended northward to Cape Kennedy
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat4}}"| Hurricane watch
|rowspan=2 align="center"|Extended northward to [[Daytona Beach, Florida|Daytona Beach]]
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat3}}"| Gale warning
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|depression}}"|Advisories discontinued
|rowspan=7|October 15
|01:00 UTC
|Florida
|align="center"|Tampa southward to the Dry Tortugas
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|depression}}"|Advisories discontinued
|04:00 UTC
|Florida
|align="center"|The west coast of Florida south of Fort Lauderdale and the east coast of Florida south of Cape Kennedy
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|depression}}"|Advisories discontinued
|rowspan=2|10:00 UTC
|Florida
|align="center"|All advisories discontinued
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat3}}"| Gale warning
|[[North Carolina]],<br />[[Virginia]]
|align="center"|[[Cape Hatteras, North Carolina]], northward to the [[Virginia Capes]]
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat4}}"| Hurricane watch
|rowspan=2|14:30 UTC
|[[South Carolina]],<br />North Carolina
|align="center"|[[Charleston, South Carolina]], northward, encompassing the entire North Carolina coastline
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat3}}"| Gale warning
|South Carolina,<br />North Carolina
|align="center"|Charleston, South Carolina, northward, encompassing the entire North Carolina coastline
|-
|style="background-color:#{{Storm_colour|cat5}}"| Hurricane warning
|16:00 UTC
|South Carolina,<br />North Carolina
|align="center"|[[Georgetown, South Carolina]], northward to [[Morehead City, North Carolina]]
|}
In Cuba, thousands were evacuated due to flooding lowlands.<ref name="APviaTheDailyTimesNews10151964">{{cite news|title=Isbell Takes Dead Aim on North Carolina Coast|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Daily Times News|date=October 15, 1964}}</ref> Advisories were broadcast and issued warning of the possibility of heavy rains and winds, isolated small hail, and possible isolated tornadoes in Florida from 21:00 UTC on October 14 to 02:00 UTC on October 15. The aviation severe weather forecast also warned residents in south and central Florida of up to {{convert|0.75|in|mm|abbr=on}} of hail, gusts of up to {{convert|53|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, and the potential for tornadic activity. Flood warnings were also issued, with predictions of flooding {{convert|4|ft|m|abbr=on}} above flood stage.<ref>{{cite web|work=United States Weather Bureau|author=Magor|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 14, 1964|access-date=August 30, 2015|title=Severe Weather Forecast Number 460|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/local/mkcsvrwx.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref> Emergency preparations at [[Key West]]'s weather office were made. In the morning hours of October 13, the office alerted city, county, and military officials. In the afternoon, they completed office preparations and scheduling. On October 14, the office requested radio stations to stay on the air and relayed hourly reports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/preloc/eyw1021a.gif|title=Emergency Procedures during Hurricane Isbell|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=United States Weather Bureau Airport Station Key West, Florida|date=October 21, 1964|access-date=August 30, 2015}}</ref>
In North Carolina, some tidal flooding was also forecast. People were warned to tune to television and radio broadcasts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/slosh/ilm1516z.gif|title=Tide Statement No. 1|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|author=Duke|work=United States Weather Bureau Office Wilmington, North Carolina|date=October 15, 1964|access-date=August 30, 2015}}</ref> On October 15, as Isbell rapidly crossed Florida, forecasters at the [[Charleston, South Carolina]] Weather Bureau warned of high tides of up to {{convert|12|ft|m|abbr=on}}, {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} above flood-stage, from [[South Carolina]] into North Carolina. Owing to the continued northeastward movement of the storm, tides ultimately did not exceed {{convert|2|ft|m|abbr=on}} in South Carolina.<ref>{{cite web|author=John A. Cummings|work=United States Weather Bureau Office in Charleston, South Carolina|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 16, 1964|access-date=June 17, 2014|title=Local Statement: Hurricane Isbell|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/local/chs1515z.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref> Across coastal areas of North Carolina, alerts for severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and high tides were raised; however, the storm greatly diminished before reaching shore and little damage materialized.<ref>{{cite news|agency=United Press International|newspaper=The Daily Telegram|date=October 17, 1964|access-date=June 17, 2014|title=Power Lost by Hurricane Isbell|___location=Norfolk, Virginia|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/18991271&terms=North+Carolina+Isbell/|page=15}} {{subscription required|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Moderate rains along the lower [[Neuse River]] basin were expected to prolong flooding triggered by [[Hurricane Hilda]] and its remnants earlier in October.<ref>{{cite web|author=Carney|work=United States Weather Bureau Office in Raleigh, North Carolina|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 16, 1964|access-date=June 17, 2014|title=US Weather Bureau Raleigh Duram Airport River Bulletin|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/local/rdu1611z.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref> Small craft advisories were raised northward to [[Provincetown, Massachusetts]], through October 18.<ref name="APOct18"/>
==Impact==
[[File:Isbell 1964 rainfall.gif|thumb|right|250px|Map of the Eastern United States depicting rainfall produced by Hurricane Isbell. Between 30 and 80% of the rainfall in Florida fell several days in advance of the storm along a frontal zone.<ref name="WPC">{{cite web|author=David M. Roth|work=Weather Prediction Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2014|access-date=June 14, 2014|title=Hurricane Isbell - October 11-19, 1964 |url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/isbell1964.html}}</ref>]]
===Cuba===
Skirting the extreme western coast of Cuba on October 13, the storm produced gusts estimated at {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in [[Pinar del Río Province]].<ref name="TNP1"/> The highest measured sustained winds were {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in [[Guane, Cuba|Guane]] and {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} at [[José Martí International Airport|Rancho-Boyeros Airport]] in the capital city of [[Havana, Cuba|Havana]]. Additionally, pressures at the city fell to 979 mbar (hPa; {{convert|979|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}).<ref name="MWR"/> Heavy rains caused rivers to over-top their banks, forcing thousands of people to evacuate.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Emporia Gazette|date=October 14, 1964|access-date=June 17, 2014|___location=Miami, Florida|title=Florida Keys Hit By Isbell; Storm Slams Across Cuba, Ruins Crops|page=8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/10252355}} {{subscription required|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Three fatalities occurred in Guane due to collapsing homes.<ref name="MWR"/><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=El Mundo|___location=Havana, Cuba|title=Hurricane Isbell|date=October 14, 1964|access-date=June 17, 2014|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/news/hem1014.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref> A fourth fatality took place elsewhere in Cuba.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Janesville Daily Gazette|agency=Associated Press|___location=Miami, Florida|date=October 15, 1964|access-date=June 17, 2014|title=North Carolina Isbell's Target|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/12016002|page=1}} {{subscription required|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Numerous homes were damaged or destroyed by the storm, with exact numbers unknown. The region's [[tobacco]] crop also sustained considerable losses with fields and warehouses destroyed.<ref name="TNP1">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|publisher=The News-Palladium|___location=Miami, Florida|date=October 14, 1964|access-date=June 17, 2014|title=Isbell Smashes Into Cuba; May Hit Florida Tonight|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/20994511|page=1}} {{subscription required|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The damage to agriculture compounded economic losses in Cuba that resulted from [[Hurricane Flora]] in [[1963 Atlantic hurricane season|September 1963]], which devastated the nation, as well as impacts from Hurricanes [[Hurricane Cleo|Cleo]] and [[Hurricane Hilda|Hilda]] earlier in 1964.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=Ironwood Daily Globe|date=October 14, 1964|access-date=June 17, 2014|title=Hurricane Hits Cuban Province|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/54554801|___location=Miami, Florida|page=1}} {{subscription required|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The combined effects of Cleo, Hilda, and Isbell resulted in economic losses of approximately $100 million in the country, of which at least $20 million was directly attributed to Isbell.<ref>{{cite news|author=Don Bohning|newspaper=The Miami Herald|date=October 18, 1964|access-date=June 20, 2014|title=4 Storms in a Year Strain Cuban Economy|page=8B|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/news/mh1018.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref>
===Florida===
{{See also|1964 Hurricane Isbell tornado outbreak}}
Though Isbell struck the state as a Category 2 hurricane,<ref name="USlandfall">{{cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division |work=National Hurricane Center |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |date=February 2008 |access-date=June 18, 2014 |title=Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851-2007 |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/ushurrlist18512007.txt |format=.TXT |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921102626/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/ushurrlist18512007.txt |archive-date=September 21, 2008 }}</ref> no winds in excess of {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} were reported. Measurements peaked at {{convert|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} at both [[Everglades City, Florida|Everglades City]] and [[Indiantown, Florida|Indiantown]]. Hurricane-force gusts were measured in [[Belle Glade, Florida|Belle Glade]], [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]], [[Key West, Florida|Key West]], [[Pompano Beach, Florida|Pompano Beach]], and [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]]. Atmospheric pressures fell to 970.7 mb (hPa; 28.67 inHg) in the [[Dry Tortugas]] and 977.5 mb (hPa; 28.87 inHg) on the mainland in [[Juno Beach, Florida|Juno Beach]].<ref name="MWR"/> Rainfall in the state was relatively limited owing to the brisk movement of the storm, though a [[weather front|frontal system]] immediately preceding the hurricane brought heavy rains to the state. A peak total of {{convert|9.46|in|mm|abbr=on}} was measured in West Palm Beach, though an estimated 80% of this was attributable to the front.<ref name="WPC"/> Amounts from the hurricane itself were likely around {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}}. No major [[storm surge]] was reported during Isbell's passage due to greatly weaker winds in the back half of the storm. Tides in Key West rose {{convert|4|to|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} above normal.<ref name="MWR"/>
Throughout Florida, three people were killed in relation to the storm and no more than $10 million in damage occurred, with more than half of which was attributed to agricultural losses.<ref name="MWR"/> In addition, 76 people were injured, 12 of whom required hospitalization. Structural damage was relatively limited, with only 63 homes and businesses, mostly [[mobile home|trailers]], being destroyed; 159 other structures sustained major damage while a further 631 experienced minor damage.<ref name="Damage1"/> The majority of damage from Isbell was not from the hurricane itself but rather [[tornado]]es spawned by its [[rainband|outer bands]].<ref name="MWR"/> At least nine, and as many as twelve, tornadoes affected the state with the greatest effects being felt in the [[Miami metropolitan area]]. All storm-related injuries were attributed to these tornadoes as well as the majority of structural damage.<ref name="NCDC">{{cite report|url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-32CFA76D-6599-4340-A99D-76DCF14082DB.pdf|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena: October 1964|author=Robert M. White, United States Weather Bureau|date=1964|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|pages=2–3|access-date=August 30, 2015|___location=Asheville, North Carolina|volume=6|issue=10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830222940/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-32CFA76D-6599-4340-A99D-76DCF14082DB.pdf|archive-date=August 30, 2015}}</ref> According to the [[National Climatic Data Center]], four of these tornadoes were of [[Fujita scale|F2 intensity]].<ref name="Tornadoes">{{cite web|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=Tornado History Project|year=2014|access-date=June 18, 2014|title=October 14, 1964 Tornado Summary for Florida|url=http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com/tornado/Florida/1964/10/14/table|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225805/http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com/tornado/Florida/1964/10/14/table|url-status=usurped|archive-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref>
Despite the close passage of the storm to the Florida Keys, damage in the area was light and amounted to $175,000.<ref name="MWR"/> Of this, $125,000 was attributed to structural damage. Hurricane-force winds in the archipelago only lasted 15 minutes and gale-force winds occurred over a 5-hour span. The brevity of damaging winds limited the effects of the storm. Most damage was constrained to downed trees, signs, and power poles. Two trailers were overturned, however, and an oil barge sank in the Key West Harbor.<ref>{{cite web|work=United States Weather Bureau Office in Key West, Florida|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 15, 1964|access-date=June 18, 2014|title=Preliminary Report on Hurricane Isbell|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/preloc/psheyw.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref> Two people drowned after their shrimp boat was destroyed.<ref name="MWR"/> In and around the [[Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park]], [[Roystonea|Royal Palms]], and [[Delonix regia|Royal Poincianas]] were defoliated by the hurricane's winds. Downed trees and power lines in [[Collier County, Florida|Collier County]] temporarily left many customers without phone and electrical service. Residents in nearby Lee Cypress stated that the effects from Isbell were worse than [[Hurricane Donna]] which struck the region as a [[Category 4 hurricane|Category 4]] in [[1960 Atlantic hurricane season|September 1960]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Fred G. Winter|newspaper=Ft. Myers News Press|date=October 16, 1964|access-date=June 20, 2014|title=Hurricane Isbell Damage Runs Half-Million In Collier County|___location=Naples, Florida|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/news/fmnp16a.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref>
[[Palm Beach County, Florida|Palm Beach County]] was the most affected area, accounting for more than half of the losses,<ref name="Damage1">{{cite report|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1964|access-date=June 18, 2014|title=Hurricane Isbell Florida Damage Summary|page=1|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/preloc/damage1.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref><ref name="Damage2">{{cite report|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1964|access-date=June 18, 2014|title=Hurricane Isbell Florida Damage Summary|page=2|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/preloc/damage3.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref> and approximately $700,000 in damage.<ref name="kleinburg"/> One indirect death occurred when a man suffered a [[heart attack]] in [[Lake Worth, Florida|Lake Worth]] while installing storm shutters.<ref name="MWR"/><ref name="kleinburg">{{cite news|url=http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/weather/hurricanes/1964-hurricane-spawned-tornado-that-smashed-briny-/nhd8B/|title=1964 hurricane spawned tornado that smashed Briny Breezes|author=Elliott Kleinberg|date=October 16, 2014|newspaper=[[The Palm Beach Post]]|access-date=August 30, 2015}}</ref> At least three tornadoes were spawned in Palm Beach County. The strongest was an [[Fujita scale|F2]] that struck a [[trailer park]] in [[Briny Breezes, Florida|Briny Breezes]], damaging numerous trailers and injuring 22 people. Shortly thereafter the same tornado or possibly a second one struck [[Boynton Beach, Florida|Boynton Beach]], injuring three people and damaging several structures.<ref name="NCDC"/><ref name="Tornadoes"/> The event lasted roughly 20 minutes and the tornadoes moved along a path {{convert|10|mi|km|abbr=on}} long.<ref>{{cite report|author=Jack L. Hudnall|work=United States Weather Bureau|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 14, 1964|access-date=June 18, 2014|title=Summary of Effects of Hurricane Isbell on Eastern Palm Beach County, Florida|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/preloc/pbi1014a.gif|page=1|format=.GIF}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|author=Jack L. Hudnall|work=United States Weather Bureau|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 14, 1964|access-date=June 18, 2014|title=Summary of Effects of Hurricane Isbell on Eastern Palm Beach County, Florida|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/preloc/pbi1014b.gif|page=2|format=.GIF}}</ref> Another tornado in [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]] caused a number of minor injuries. In West Palm Beach, a twister that crossed the intersection of [[Florida State Road 802|State Roads 802]] and [[Florida State Road 809|809]] damaged adjacent properties and injured several people.<ref name="NCDC"/> Throughout Palm Beach County, 492 homes suffered damage, while 36 mobile homes were demolished and 60 others were inflicted major impact. Additionally, 33 farm buildings and 9 small businesses were severely damaged or destroyed.<ref name="Damage1"/>
In [[Martin County, Florida|Martin County]], an F2 was spawned in [[Hobe Sound, Florida|Hobe Sound]] and affected the area near [[U.S. Route 1]].<ref name="NCDC"/> About 39 homes and 13 mobile homes were damaged, while two farm buildings and two businesses also received impact.<ref name="Damage1"/> The fourth F2 tornado was spawned in [[Brevard County, Florida|Brevard County]] near [[Eau Gallie, Florida|Eau Gallie]]. It caused extensive damage and injured 17 people in the Orange Court trailer park.<ref name="NCDC"/><ref name="Tornadoes"/> Collectively, 35 homes in [[Flagler County, Florida|Flagler]] and [[Volusia County, Florida|Volusia]] counties were damaged.<ref name="Damage1"/>
===The Carolinas and elsewhere===
[[File:Hurricane Isbell surface map October 16, 1964.png|thumb|left|Surface analysis of Hurricane Isbell's extratropical remnants on October 16 over The Carolinas]]
Heavy rains associated with Isbell and a nearby non-tropical low resulted in heavy rains across [[The Carolinas]] on October 15 and 16. In and around the [[Columbia, South Carolina]] area, {{convert|3|to|6|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain fell, with a peak of {{convert|6.11|in|mm|abbr=on}} in the city itself. Significant flooding took place along all rivers in the state;<ref name="pshcae"/> the [[Broad River (Carolinas)|Broad River]] crested at {{convert|32.1|ft|m|abbr=on}}, its highest level since 1940, in [[Blair, South Carolina|Blair]]. The [[Pee Dee River]] rose to {{convert|39|ft|m|abbr=on}} at [[Cheraw, South Carolina|Cheraw]] by October 18, roughly {{convert|9|ft|m|abbr=on}} above flood-stage.<ref name="FMN1"/> The [[cotton]] crop sustained the greatest losses during the event, with damage estimated in excess of $1 million.<ref name="pshcae">{{cite web|work=United States Weather Bureau|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 17, 1964|access-date=June 18, 2014|title=Hurricane Isbell|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/preloc/pshcae.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref> Along the coast, tides rose to {{convert|6.2|ft|m|abbr=on}}, {{convert|2.1|ft|m|abbr=on}} above normal, in [[Charleston Harbor]]. What little [[coastal flooding]] took place mostly resulted from wave run-up rather than tidal flooding. Some [[beach erosion]] occurred in exposed areas.<ref>{{cite web|work=United States Weather Bureau Office in Charleston, South Carolina|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 17, 1964|access-date=June 18, 2014|title=Preliminary Report on Hurricane Isbell October 14–17, 1964|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/preloc/pshchs.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref>
Much of North Carolina was affected by Isbell with rain extending into interior parts of the state. Totals were generally light, however, and peaked at around {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}} in eastern areas. Some flash flooding took place in the [[Piedmont (United States)|Piedmont]], though overall effects were minimal.<ref name="NCdamage"/> In the [[Blue Ridge Mountains]], the [[French Broad River]] topped its banks and prompted evacuations in [[Hot Springs, North Carolina|Hot Springs]] and [[Marshall, North Carolina|Marshall]].<ref name="APOct18">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=San Antonio Express|date=October 18, 1964|access-date=June 20, 2014|title=Hurricane Remnants Now At Sea|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/58325253/|page=56|___location=Norfolk, Virginia}} {{subscription required|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The greatest impacts were felt along the [[Neuse River]] in [[Kinston, North Carolina|Kinston]] within [[Lenoir County, North Carolina|Lenoir County]]. Rains from Isbell exacerbated ongoing floods in the area, resulting in heavy damage to many homes.<ref name="FMN1">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=Florence Morning News|date=October 19, 1964|access-date=June 20, 2014|title=Cleanup Begins Of Tar Heel Flood Areas|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/66807697/|page=2}} {{subscription required|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> A man was swept away by swift currents near a [[Duke Energy]] steam plant in [[Cliffside, North Carolina|Cliffside]]; however, it is unknown if he perished or was later rescued.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Odessa American|date=October 18, 1964|access-date=June 20, 2014|title=Winded Isbell Quits; Leaves Sky All Clear|___location=Norfolk, Virginia|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/65375985/|page=3}} {{subscription required|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Losses to the [[peanut]] crop were extensive, though no monetary value is available.<ref name="MWR"/> With the storm arriving at low-tide, no notable coastal flooding occurred.<ref name="NCdamage">{{cite web|author=Albert V. Hardy|work=Office of Climatology|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 26, 1964|access-date=June 18, 2014|title=Hurricane Isbell in North Carolina|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1964/isbell/preloc/rdu1026a.gif|format=.GIF}}</ref> The significant weakening of Isbell prior to landfall also lessened the effects from wind as gale-force winds were mostly constrained to coastal areas; a peak gust of {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} was measured in [[Elizabeth City, North Carolina|Elizabeth City]].<ref name="MWR"/>
Elsewhere along the East Coast, the remnants of Isbell produced generally light to moderate rain. A localized maximum of around {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}} occurred in [[Massachusetts]] as the system began to dissipate.<ref name="WPC"/> Immediately following the storm, an unseasonably strong [[cold front]] brought near-freezing temperatures to [[Virginia]], resulting in [[frost]]. The combination of the cold air and the hurricane prevented any peanut [[bumper crop]] harvesting in the state.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Progress-Index|date=October 19, 1964|access-date=June 20, 2014|title=Bumper Peanut Ruled Out|___location=Suffolk, Virginia|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/49154187/|page=10}} {{subscription required|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
*[[List of Florida hurricanes]]
**[[Tropical Storm Barry (2007)]]
**[[Hurricane Wilma]]
**[[Hurricane Dennis (1981)]]
**[[Hurricane Charley]]
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
* [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/isbell1964.html (National Hurricane Center Summary)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140404160413/http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/flsgp/flsgpb97001.pdf (NGLS Info)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311045226/http://repository.wrclib.noaa.gov/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=nws_tech_memos (NOAA summary)]
* [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easy_1961-70.htm#1964_11 (Storm intensity archive)]
* [http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/093/mwr-093-03-0175.pdf#search=%22Hurricane%20Isbell%2Bcuba%22 (MWR)]
{{1964 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}}
{{Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Isbell}}
[[Category:1964 Atlantic hurricane season]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in Florida]]
[[Category:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes]]
[[Category:1964 in Florida]]
[[Category:1964 natural disasters in the United States]]
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