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{{Short description|Chess endgame}}
The [[chess]] [[endgame]] of a '''queen versus pawn''' (with both sides having no other pieces other than the king) is usually an easy win for the side with the queen. However, if the pawn has advanced to its seventh [[rank (chess)|rank]] it has possibilities of reaching a [[draw (chess)|draw]]. This endgame arises most often from a race of pawns to [[promotion (chess)|promote]].
{| align="right"
| [[Image:Chess kll45.svg]]
| [[Image:Chess qll45.svg]]
| [[Image:Chess kdl45.svg]]
| [[Image:Chess pdl45.svg]]
|}
The [[chess]] [[Chess endgame|endgame]] of a '''queen versus pawn''' (with both sides having no other pieces except the [[King (chess)|kings]]) is usually an easy win for the side with the [[Queen (chess)|queen]]. However, if the [[Pawn (chess)|pawn]] has advanced to its seventh [[rank (chess)|rank]] it has possibilities of reaching a [[Draw (chess)|draw]], and there are some drawn positions with the pawn on the sixth rank. This endgame arises most often from a race of pawns to [[promotion (chess)|promote]].
 
We will call theThe side with the queen is the ''attacker'' and the side with the pawn the ''defender''. Assume that the attacker has the move.
If the pawn is not beyond its sixth rank, the attacker (to move) usually wins easily, but there are a few exceptions. The winning process is to either get the queen on a square in front of the pawn and moving the king over to help win the pawn or to check the defending king until it is forced in front of the pawn and using that [[tempo (chess)|tempo]] to bring the attacking king closer, until it can assist in winning the pawn.<ref>{{Harvcol|Fine|Benko|2003|p=529}}</ref> After the pawn is won, the attacker has an elementary [[checkmate]].<ref>{{Harvcol|Seirawan|2003|pp=49–53}}</ref>
 
{{algebraic notation|pos=tocleft}}
If the pawn is not beyond its sixth rank, the attacker (to move) usually wins easily, but there are a few exceptions. The winning process is to either get the queen on a square in front of the pawn and getting the king over to help win the pawn or to check the defending king until it is forced in front of the pawn and using that [[tempo (chess)|tempo]] to bring the king closer, until it can assist in winning the pawn {{Ref harvard|Fine2003|Fine and Benko 2003:529|}}. After the pawn is won, the attacker has an elementary [[checkmate]] {{Ref harvard|Seirawan2003|Seirawan 2003:49-53|}}.
 
==Queen versus a pawn on the sixth rank==
{{Chess diagram|= small
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|kl| |ql| | | | |
|=
|kl | |ql| | | | | |=
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| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | pd| | |=
| | | | | |pdkd| | |=
| | | | | |kd| | |=
|Black to move, White wins
| | | | | | | | |=
|Black to move, White wins
}}
The queen usually wins easily if the pawn is on the sixth rank. In thisthe first position, Black is to move, but White wins.
 
*: '''1... Kg2'''
*: '''2. Qg4+ Kf2'''
*: '''3. Kb7 Ke3'''
If Black plays 3...Ke2, White replies 4.Qe4+, forcing Black's king back in front of the pawn, and then advances his own king.
* '''4. Kc6 f2'''
*: '''54. Qd1Kc6 Kf4f2'''
: '''5. Qd1 Kf4'''
* '''6. Qf1''' and White wins {{Ref harvard|Fine2003|Fine and Benko 2003:530|}}.
: '''6. Qf1''' and White wins.<ref>{{Harvcol|Fine|Benko|2003|p=530}}</ref>
{{clear}}
 
===Exceptions===
{{Chess diagram|=
{{Chess diagram small
|tright
|
| | | | | | | |
|=
| | ql| | | | | kl| |=
| |ql | | | | |kl| |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | pd| | | | | |=
| | |pd| | | | | |=
| | | kd| | | | | |=
|White to move, draw (a rare exception because the white king blocks the queen)
| | |kd| | | | | |=
|White to move, draw
}}
Exceptions can occur when the king blocks the queen on a [[file (chess)|file]] or diagonal, as in the secondthis position.
*: '''1. Qh1+ Kb2!'''
White needs to [[pin (chess)|pin]] the pawn by 2. Qh8, but the king blocks the pin.
*'''2. Qb7+'''
:'''2. Qb7+'''
and Black responds
This was White's only check which prevents the pawn from advancing, and Black responds
*'''2... Kc1'''
:'''2... Kc1!'''
repeating the position. If the white king is anywhere else, the queen can pin the pawn and allow for the queen and then the king to approach {{Ref harvard|Fine2003|Fine and Benko 2003:530|}}.
repeating the position. If the white king is anywhere else (other than g7 and h8), the queen can pin the pawn and allow for the queen and then the king to approach.<ref>{{Harvcol|Fine|Benko|2003|p=530}}</ref>
<div style="clear: both">
{{clear}}
 
===Example===
{{Chess diagram
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|Horowitz, 1957
<!-- Program to generate diagrams: WikiChessDiagram 2.03 by Bubba73 -->
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|kd| | | | | | |
|White to move, 1.Qh6 wins
}}
The biggest problem for a queen versus a pawn on the sixth rank is when its own king gets in the way. In this position, the white king prevents the queen from getting on the a1 to h8 diagonal, to [[pin (chess)|pin]] the pawn to prevent it from advancing. White actually wins by:
:'''1. Qh6!!'''
Now if
: '''1... c2'''
then
:'''2. Qc1+'''
wins. If Black does not advance the pawn then the white queen can maneuver to pin the pawn along the diagonal, and wins easily.
 
If instead, White tries what may seem to be correct:
:'''1. Qh1+?'''
a draw results with correct play (but there are many chances for losing moves).
:'''1... Kb2!''' (1...Ka2 loses quickly to Qc1.)
:'''2. Qb7+''' (otherwise 2...c2 draws.)
:'''2... Kc1!'''
:'''3. Kf6!''' (White tries his best chance.)
:'''3... c2'''
:'''4. Ke5 Kd2'''
:'''5. Qd5+!'''
Black has five replies. Four of them lose, but
:'''5... Ke1!''' draws.
:'''6. Qa5+ Kd1''' (6...Ke2 loses to 7.Qa2.)
:'''7. Qa4 Kd2''' (7...Kc1 loses to 8.Qa2.)
:'''8. Qa2 Kc3!!'''
and White can make no progress.<ref>{{Harvcol|Horowitz|1957|pp=176–9}}</ref>
 
===Example from game===
{{Chess diagram small
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|Alatortsev vs. Chekhover
<!-- Program to generate diagrams: WikiChessDiagram 2.03 by Bubba73 -->
|ql| |kl| | | | |
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|Position after 71.a8{{=}}Q <!-- The braces around = are necessary, otherwise caption will not show up. -->
}}
In this 1937 game between [[Vladimir Alatortsev]] and [[Vitaly Chekhover]],<ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1313041 Alatortsev vs. Chekhover]</ref> White wins:
:'''71... Ke3'''
:'''72. Qd5 Kf2'''
If 72...Ke2 then 73.Qe4+ Kf2 forces the Black king in front of the pawn.
:'''73. Kd7 Kg3'''
:'''74. Ke6 f2'''
:'''75. Qh1! 1–0'''<ref>{{Harvcol|Giddins|2012|p=123}}</ref>
{{clear}}
 
==Queen versus a pawn on the seventh rank==
{{Chess diagram|=
|tright
|
| | | | | | |ql|
|=
| | | | | | |ql| |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | | |=kl
| | | | | | | |kl|=
| | | | kd| | | | |=
| | |pd| |kd| | | | |=
| | |pd| | | | | |=
|White wins by 1.Qg5!, followed by 2.Qc1.
| | | | | | | | |=
|White wins by '''1. Qg5!''', followed by '''2. Qc1'''
}}
In order for the defending side to have a chance at a draw (with the other side to move), the pawn must be on its seventh rank and the king must be near bynearby (plus a few drawing positions with the pawn on the sizthsixth rank, as above). Except Thefor unusual cases, the attacking side wins if the pawn is a [[knight pawn]] (b- or g-[[file (chess)|files]]) or a [[central pawn]] (d- or e-files). For [[bishop pawn]]s and [[rook pawn]]s, the result also depends on the ___location of the kings.attacking king. If the attacking king is close enough to the pawn, it wins; otherwise a draw results.<ref>{{Harvcol|Seirawan|2003|pp=49–53}}</ref>
 
First note that the attacker may win easily, depending on the ___location of the kings. In this position, White wins by '''1. Qg5!''' followed by '''2. Qc1''' (see [[algebraic chess notation]]), and then the white king is brought nearer to win the pawn. If the black king is on any other square around the pawn, the position is a draw, see below (position modified slightly).<ref>{{Ref harvardHarvcol|Seirawan2003Flear|Seirawan 2003:49-532004|p=155}}. </ref>
{{clear}}
 
===Central pawn or knight pawn===
{{Chess diagram|=
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|
| | | |ql| | | |
|=
| |kl| | |ql| | | | |=
| |kl| | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | kd| pd| | | |=
| | | |kd|pd | | | |=
|Black to move, White wins. White also wins against a knight pawn.
| | | | | | | | |=
|Black to move, White wins. White also wins against a knight pawn.
}}
If the pawn is a [[central pawn]] or [[knight pawn]] (i.e. on the b, d, e, or g-file), the queen wins easily, except for a few unusual positions. In thisthe position on the right, White wins. It takes several moves, but it is not difficult.
*: '''1... Ke3'''
Black threatens to [[promotion (chess)|queen]] the pawn. White prevents this by forcing the black king in front of the pawn.
*: '''2. Qh4 Kd2 3. Qd4+ Kc2 4. Qe3 Kd1 5. Qd3+ Ke1'''
Without the immediate threat of promotion, White has gained a tempo that can be used to bring his king closer. This process is repeated.
* '''3. Qd4+ Kc2'''
: '''6. Kc6 Kf2 7. Qd2 Kf1 8. Qf4+ Kg1 9. Qe3+ Kf1 10. Qf3+ Ke1'''
* '''4. Qe3 Kd1'''
* '''5. Qd3+ Ke1'''
Without the immediate threat of promotion, White has gained a tempo that can be used to bring his king closer. This process is repeated.
* '''6. Kc6 Kf2'''
* '''7. Qd2 Kf1'''
* '''8. Qf4+ Kg1'''
* '''9. Qe3+ Kf1'''
* '''10. Qf3+ Ke1'''
And now White can again bring his king closer.
: '''11. Kd5 Kd2 12. Qf2 Kd1 13. Qd4+ Kc2 14. Qe3 Kd1 15. Qd3+ Ke1 16. Ke4! Kf2 17. Qf3+ Ke1 18. Kd3'''
* '''11. Kd5 Kd2'''
and White wins the pawn and then checkmates. The winning process with a knight pawn is the same.<ref>{{Harvcol|Seirawan|2003|pp=49–53}}</ref>
* '''12. Qf2 Kd1'''
* '''13. Qf4+ Kc2'''
* '''14. Qe3 Kd1'''
* '''15. Qd3+ Ke1'''
* '''16. Ke4! Kf2'''
* '''17. Qf3+ Ke1'''
* '''18. Kd3'''
and White wins the pawn and then checkmates. The winning process with a knight pawn is the same {{Ref harvard|Seirawan2003|Seirawan 2003:49-53|}}.
 
{{Chess diagram|=
|tright
|
| | |ql| | | | |
|=
| | |ql| |xo| | | | |=
| | | |xo| | | | |=
| | | |xokl| | | | |=
| | | |xo| | | | |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | kd| pd| | | |=
| | | |kd|pd | | | |=
|White to move. If the White king is on d5 (or the marked squares d6 or d7), the game is drawn as the king interferes with the queen's ability to check.}}
| | | | | | | | |=
In some cases, the attacking king can block its own queen, as in the second diagram. If the white king is on d5, d6 or d7, the queen cannot approach the pawn, and the result is a draw.<ref>{{Harvcol|Müller|Lamprecht|2001|p=313}}</ref>
|White to move. Draw if the white king is on any of the marked squares, otherwise White wins.
{{clear}}
In some cases, the king can block the queen, as in the second diagram. If the white king is on any of the marked squares, the queen cannot approach the pawn, and the result is a draw {{Ref harvard|Müller2000|Müller and Lamprecht 2000:40-41|}}.
 
===Rook pawn===
{{Chess diagram|=
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|
| | | |ql| | | |
|=
| |kl| | |ql| | | | |=
| |kl| | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| pd| kd| | | | | | |=
|pd|kd | | | | | | |=
|White to move, draw
| | | | | | | | |=
|White to move, draw.
}}
The process above doesn'tdoes not work against a rook pawn. The reason is that when the king was forced in front of his pawn in other locations, he could move out the other side on the next move. With a rook pawn, this file isn'tis not available, and there can be a [[stalemate]].
 
In the first position, if the procedure above is tried,
*: '''1. Qd4+ Kb1'''
*: '''2. Qb4+ Kc2'''
*: '''3. Qa3 Kb1'''
*: '''4. Qb3+ Ka1!'''
and now the position is a stalemate unless White lets the black king back to the b-file. White can make no progress .<ref>{{Ref harvardHarvcol|Seirawan2003Seirawan|Seirawan 2003:49-53|pp=49–53}}.</ref>
 
{{Chess diagram|=
|tright
|
| | | |ql| | | |
|=
| | | |ql| | | | |=
| xx| xx| xx| xx| xx| | | |=
|xx |xx |xx |xxkl|xx| | | |=
| | | |kl|xx| | |xx| |=
| | xo| | | |xx| | |=
| pd| kd| xo| | |xx| | |=
|pd |kd | | | |xx| | |=
| | | | | |xx| | |=
|White to move, White wins if his king is inside the region marked with "X"s.
}}
White can win similar positions if his king is close enough to the pawn. In the second position, whiteWhite's king is close enough to win —– by allowing the pawn to promote but then checkmating the king .<ref>{{Ref harvard|Seirawan2003Harvcol|Seirawan |2003:49-53|pp=49–53}}</ref> White wins if the king is close enough to move to one of the squares marked with dots in two moves.<ref>{{Harvcol|de la Villa|2008|p=61}}</ref>
 
*: '''1. Qf6+ Kb1''' (if 1... Kc2 then 2. Qa1 wins)
*: '''2. Qf1+ Kb2'''
*: '''3. Qe2+ Kb1''' (3... Kb3 allows 4. Qe5 followed by 5. Qa1)
*: '''4. Kc4! a1=Q'''
*: '''5. Kb3'''
and White checkmates.
 
If the white king was on e3, the win is simple:
*: '''1. Qd2+ Kb1'''
*: '''2. Kd3 a1=Q'''
*: '''3. Qc2#'''
 
===Bishop pawn===
{{Chess diagram|=
|tright
|
| | | |ql| | | |
|=
| | | |ql| | | | |=
| | | | | | | | |=
| xx| xx| xx| xx| | | | |=
| | | | xx| kl| xx| | |=
| |xo| | | |klxx| | | |=
| | kd| pd| xo| | xx| | |=
| |kd|pd| | | | |xx| |=
|White to move, draw; win if the king is inside the area
| | | | | | | | |=
|White to move, draw.
}}
A bishop pawn may also draw, but for a different reason (a different stalemate position).
*:'''1. Qb6+ Ka1!'''
*:'''2. Qd4+ Kb1'''
*:'''3. Qb4+ Ka1'''
*:'''4. Qc3+ Kb1'''
*:'''5. Qb3+ Ka1!'''
and White can'tcannot take[[List of chess terms#Capture|capture]] the pawn because stalemate would result .<ref>{{Ref harvardHarvcol|Seirawan2003Seirawan|Seirawan 2003:49-53|pp=49–53}}.</ref> The rule is that White wins if histheir king canis reachclose b3enough into tworeach movesb3 or d2 in one move, because it can assist in checkmate .<ref>{{Harvcol|Müller|Lamprecht|2007|p=41}}</ref>
and White can't take the pawn because stalemate would result {{Ref harvard|Müller2000|Müller and Lamprecht 2000:41|}}.
 
If the defending king is not on the side of the pawn near the corner and the attacking king is close enough, the game can still be won —– often by letting the pawn promote and then checkmating.
{{Chess diagram|=
|tright
|Lolli, 1763
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |kl|
| | | | | | |ql|
| | |pd| | | | |
| | | |kd| | | |
|White to move, White wins
}}
The second position is a 1763 [[endgame study]] by [[Giambattista Lolli]]. The black king must be prevented from getting to the other side of his pawn, otherwise he can employ the stalemate defense.
: '''1. Qb3! Kd2'''
: '''2. Qb2 Kd1'''
: '''3. Kf3! Kd2''' (3...c1=Q 4.Qe2#, or 3...c1=N and White checkmates in three moves: 4.Ke3 Nb3 5.Qc3, and checkmate on the next move.)
: '''4. Kf2 Kd1'''
: '''5. Qd4+ Kc1'''
: '''6. Qb4!''' Black is in [[zugzwang]]
: '''6... Kd1'''
: '''7. Qe1#'''<ref>{{Harvcol|Fine|Benko|2003|pp=526–29}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcol|Angos|2005|p=144}}</ref>
{{clear}}
{{Chess diagram
|tright
|
| | | | | | |ql|
|=
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | | xx| xx| xx| |=xx
| | xx| xx| xx| kl| | | |=
| xx| | | | | | | |=
| xx| | | | | |klxo| |=
| xx| | | xo| kd|pd| |ql| |=
|xx| | |pd| | | | | |=
|White to move wins since the king is inside the area
| | | |kd| | | | |=
|White to move, White wins.
}}
InThe the secondthird position inshows thisanother section,win for the kingattacker, mustsince betheir preventedking fromis gettingclose toand the otherdefending sideking ofis hisnot pawn,(yet) otherwise he can employnear the stalemate defensecorner.
*: '''1. Qb3!Qc4+ Kd2Ke1'''
*: '''2. Qb2Qe4+ Kd1Kf1'''
*: '''3. Kf3!Kf4 Kd2Kg1''' (3...the c1=Qblack 4.Qe2#,king orgets 3...to c1=Nthe givescorner, but White ahas winningmoved endgametheir king close enough to checkmate.)
*: '''4. Kf2Qd4 Kd1Kh1'''
: '''5. Kg3''' (of course not 5. Qxf2 stalemate)
* '''5. Qd4+ Kc1'''
*: '''65... Qb4! Kd1f1=Q'''
: '''6. Qh8+'''
* '''7. Qe1#''' {{Ref harvard|Fine2003|Fine and Benko 2003:526-29|}}.
and White checkmates in two more moves.<ref>{{Harvcol|Snape|2003|p=88}}</ref> Note that it is possible to win against a bishop pawn on the seventh rank and the king in the corner if the attacking king and queen are in the proper position. White wins if the king is close enough to move to one of the squares marked with dots in two moves.<ref>{{Harvcol|de la Villa|2008|p=64}}</ref>
 
====Example from game====
{{Chess diagram|=
{{Chess diagram
|tright
|van Wely vs. Leko, 1996
| | | | | | |ql|
| | | | | | | |kl
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | |pd| | | | |
|kd| | | | | | |
|Position after 60...c2, draw
}}
 
This position from a 1996 game between [[Loek van Wely]] and [[Peter Leko]] was drawn because of the bishop pawn.<ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1269889 van Wely vs. Leko]</ref>
{{clear}}
 
====Petrosian versus Fischer====
{| align="left"
|-valign="top"
|+ Petrosian vs. Fischer, 1958
|
{{Chess diagram small
|=
|tleft
| | | | | | |ql| |=
|
| | | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | rd| |=
| | | | |kl| |pl| | |=
| | | | | | | pl| |=
| | | | | | | kl| |=
| | | | |kd|pd | | |=
| | | pd| | | | | |=
| | |kd| | | | |
|White to move, White wins.
| | | | | | | |
|Final position after 67.f7
}}
|
The third position shows another win for the attacker, since his king is close and the defending king is not (yet) near the corner.
{{Chess diagram small
* '''1. Qc4+ Ke1'''
|tleft
* '''2. Qe4+ Kf1'''
|
* '''3. Kf4 Kg1''' (the black king gets to the corner, but White has moved his king close enough to checkmate.)
| | | | | |ql| |
* '''4. Qd4 Kh1'''
| | | | | | | |
* '''5. Kg3''' (of course, not 5. Qxf2 stalemate)
| | | | | | |kl|
* '''5... f1=Q'''
| | | | | | | |
* '''6. Qh8+'''
| | | | | | | |
and White checkmates on the next move {{Ref harvard|Snape2003|Snape 2003:88|}}. Note that it is possible to win with a bishop pawn on the seventh rank and the king in the corner if the attacking king and queen are in the proper position.
| | | | | | | |
| | |pd| | | | |
| |kd| | | | | |
|Analysis position after 69...c2
}}<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:PetrosianFischer1958.jpg|right|thumb|Fischer (left) and Petrosian (right), 1958]] -->
|}
{{clear}}
 
The first position is from the end of a 1958 game between future [[World Chess Championship|World Champions]] [[Tigran Petrosian]] and [[Bobby Fischer]].<ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1008374 Petrosian vs. Fischer]</ref> The players [[draw by agreement|agreed to a draw]] because of the stalemate defense (above). The game could continue 67...Rxg6+ 68.Kxg6 Kb1 69.f8=Q c2 to the second position, which is a draw.<ref>{{Harvcol|Fischer|2008|p=31}}</ref>
==References==
* {{note label|Fine2003|Fine and Benko 2003|}} {{cite book
| author = [[Reuben Fine]] and [[Pal Benko]]
| title = Basic Chess Endings
| publisher = McKay
| year = 1941, 2003
| id = ISBN 0-8129-3493-8
}}
 
====Traps====
* {{note_label|Müller2000|Müller and Lamprecht 2000|}} {{cite book
{{Chess diagram
| author = [[Karsten Müller]] and [[Frank Lamprecht]]
|tright
| year = 2000
|de la Villa, position 4.10
| title = Secrets of Pawn Endings
<!-- generated by WikiChessDiagram 2.0 by Bubba73 -->
| publisher = Everyman Chess
| | | | | | | |
| id=ISBN 1-85744-255-5
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | |kl| | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |ql| | |
| | |pd| | | | |
| |kd| | | | | |
|A trap for Black
}}
There are some traps arising in the endgame with the bishop pawn when the attacking king is not quite close enough to force a win. In this position play could go:
:'''1. Qb3+ Ka1! 2. Qe3 Kb1 3. Qe4 Kb2'''
3...Ka1 also draws.
:'''4. Qe2'''
Setting the trap, and now
:'''4... Ka1!'''
is the only move to draw. The alternative move 4...Kb1?? is a typical mistake, allowing 5.Kc4!! c1=Q+ 6.Kb3, winning. If instead 4...Kc3??, then 5.Qe5+!, forcing the black king to the wrong side of the pawn and then the white king will be close enough to assist.<ref>{{Harvcol|de la Villa|2008|pp=65–66}}</ref>
{{clear}}
 
{{Chess diagram
* {{note_label|Seirawan2003|Seirawan 2003|}} {{cite book
|tright
| last = Seirawan
|de la Villa, position 4.12
| first = Yasser
<!-- generated by WikiChessDiagram 2.0 by Bubba73 -->
| authorlink = Yasser Seirawan
| | | | | | | |
| year = 2003
| | | | | | | |
| title = Winning Chess Endings
| | | | | | | |
| publisher = Everyman Chess
| | | | |kl| | |
| id=ISBN 1-85744-348-9
| | | | | | | |
| |ql| | | | | |
| | |pd|kd| | | |
| | | | | | | |
|Trap on the other side of the pawn
}}
The same trick can be tried with the king on the other side of the pawn. The white king is not close enough to force a win in this position, but the defense is difficult.
:'''1. Qb2 Kd1 2. Qb3 Kd2 3. Qa2!?'''
Setting the trap.
:'''3... Kc3!'''
The only move to draw.
:'''4. Qa1+ Kd2''', draw
If instead 3...Kd1??, then 4.Kd4! c1=Q 5.Kd3 wins. If 3...Kd3??, then 4.Qb2 and Black has to allow a [[pin (chess)|pin]] to avoid 5.Qc1. After 4...Kd2 the white king gets close enough to win with 5.Ke4.<ref>{{Harvcol|de la Villa|2008|p=66}}</ref>
 
===Extra pawn for the defense===
* {{note_label|Snape2003|Snape 2003|}} {{cite book
{{Chess diagram
| last = Snape
|tright
| first = Ian
|Müller & Lamprecht
| year = 2003
| | |ql| | | | |
| title = Chess Endings Made Simple: How to Approach the Endgame with Confidence
| | | | | | | |pd
| publisher = Gambit Publications
| | | | | | | |
| id=ISBN 1-901983-97-8
| |kl| | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | |pd| |
| | | | | | |kd|
|White to move wins – the extra pawn deprives Black of the stalemate defense.
}}
An extra pawn for the defense may be a disadvantage because it deprives the defender of the stalemate defense. In this position, White wins:
:'''1. Qg4+ Kh2'''
:'''2. Qf3! Kg1'''
:'''3. Qg3+! Kf1'''
3...Kh1 loses after 4.Qxf2. If black did not have the extra pawn, this would be stalemate instead.
:'''4. Kc4'''
and White wins.<ref>{{Harvcol|Müller|Lamprecht|2007|p=42}}</ref>
{{clear}}
 
==See also==
* [[Chess endgame]]
 
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
 
==References==
* {{Citation
|last=Angos|first=Alex
|title=You Move ... I Win!: A Lesson in Zugzwang
|year=2005
|publisher=Thinkers' Press, Inc.
|isbn= 978-1-888710-18-2
}}
*{{citation
| last = de la Villa| first = Jesús|author-link=Jesús de la Villa
| title = 100 Endgames You Must Know
| publisher = [[New in Chess]]
| year = 2008
| isbn= 978-90-5691-244-4
}}
*{{Citation
|last1=Fine|first1=Reuben|author-link1=Reuben Fine
|last2=Benko|first2=Pal|author-link2=Pal Benko
|year=2003
|title=[[Basic Chess Endings]]
|orig-year=1941
|publisher=McKay
|isbn= 0-8129-3493-8
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Fischer|first=Bobby|author-link=Bobby Fischer
|year=2008
|orig-year=1969
|title=[[My 60 Memorable Games]]
|publisher=Batsford
|isbn= 978-1-906388-30-0
}}
* {{Citation
|last=Flear|first=Glenn|author-link=Glenn Flear
|title=Starting Out: Pawn Endings
|year=2004
|publisher=[[Everyman Chess]]
|isbn= 1-85744-362-4
}}
*{{citation
|last=Giddins|first=Steve|author-link=Stephen Giddins
| year=2012
| title=The Greatest Ever Chess Endgames
| publisher=[[Everyman Chess]]
| isbn=978-1-85744-694-4}}
*{{Citation
|last=Horowitz|first=I. A.|author-link=I. A. Horowitz
|year=1957
|title=How to Win in the Chess Endings
|publisher=McKay
}}
*{{Citation
|last1=Müller|first1=Karsten|author-link1=Karsten Müller
|last2=Lamprecht|first2=Frank |author-link2=Frank Lamprecht
|year=2001
|title=Fundamental Chess Endings
|publisher=[[Gambit Publications]]
|isbn= 1-901983-53-6
}}
*{{Citation
|last1=Müller|first1=Karsten <!-- |author-link=Karsten Müller -->
|last2=Lamprecht|first2=Frank <!-- |author-link2=Frank Lamprecht -->
|year=2007
|title=Secrets of Pawn Endings
|publisher=Gambit Publications <!-- [[Gambit Publications]] -->
|isbn= 978-1-904600-88-6
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Seirawan|first=Yasser|author-link=Yasser Seirawan
|title=Winning Chess Endings
|year=2003
|publisher=Everyman Chess
|isbn= 1-85744-348-9
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Snape|first=Ian
|title=Chess Endings Made Simple: How to Approach the Endgame with Confidence
|year=2003
|publisher=Gambit Publications
|isbn= 1-901983-97-8
}}
 
==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEypLNcdjOY On Youtube, video from "Chessnetwork", Explanation + Quiz, 48 min]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipR0Rn9S_-k On Youtube, video by Jonathan Schrantz from Saint Louis Chess Club's Channel, 52 min]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ji8NjJknEjY On Youtube, video by "Hanging Pawns", 17 min]
 
{{Chess}}
 
[[Category:Chess endgames]]
[[Category:Chess theory]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_versus_pawn_endgame"