Basic oxide: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Oxide that shows basic properties}}

{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}

{{Original research|date=May 2021}}{{synthesis|date=May 2021}}

A '''basic oxide''' is an oxide that shows basic properties in opposition to [[acidic oxide]]s and that either

{{Acids and bases}}'''Basic oxides''' are [[oxide]]s that show [[Base (chemistry)|basic]] properties, in opposition to [[acidic oxide]]s. A basic oxide can either react with [[water]] to form a base, or with an [[acid]] to form a [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] and water in a [[Neutralization (chemistry)|neutralization reaction]].

*reacts with [[water]] to form a [[base (chemistry)|base]]; or

*reacts with an [[acid]] to form a [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] and water.

It is formed by reacting oxygen with metals.

Examples include:

*[[Sodium oxide]], which reacts with water to produce [[sodium hydroxide]]

*[[Magnesium oxide]], which reacts with [[hydrochloric acid]] to form [[magnesium chloride]]

*[[Copper(II) oxide]], which reacts with [[nitric acid]] to form [[copper nitrate]]

Basic oxides are oxides mostly of [[metals]], especially [[alkali metals|alkali]] and [[alkaline earth metals|alkaline earth]] metals.

==Definition==

Metals form basic oxides and non-metals form acidic oxides.

An oxide is a chemical compound in which one or more oxygen atoms combined with another element, such as [[H2O|H₂O]] or [[CO2|CO₂]]. Based on their acid-base characteristics, oxides can be classified into four categories: acidic oxides, basic oxides, and [[amphoteric]] oxides and neutral oxides.{{says who?|date=May 2021}}

A basic oxide, also called a [[base anhydride]] (meaning "base without water"), is usually formed in the reaction of oxygen with metals, especially [[alkali metals|alkali]] (group 1) and [[alkaline earth metals|alkaline earth]] (group 2) metals. Both of these groups form [[Ionic compound|ionic]] oxides that dissolve in water to form basic solutions of the corresponding [[metal hydroxide]]:

Alkali metals (Group 1)

:X₂O + H₂O → 2XOH (X = group 1 element)

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

:XO + H₂O → X(OH)₂ (X = group 2 element)

For example, the basic oxide [[Lithium oxide|Li₂O]] becomes the hydroxide [[Lithium hydroxide|LiOH]], and [[Barium oxide|BaO]] becomes [[Barium hydroxide|Ba(OH)₂]] after reacting with water. In contrast, non-metals usually form [[acidic oxide]]s. In general, the basicity of oxides increases when towards the lower-left corner of the [[periodic table]], which corresponds to increased metallic properties.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dr.Verma, Khanna, Dr.Kapila|title=Comprehensive Chemistry XI|publisher=Laxmi Publications|year=2017|pages=164}}</ref>

==Examples==

*All oxides of group 1 & 2 elements are basic (except BeO), they react with [[water]] to form a [[Base (chemistry)|base]]:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Atkins |first=P. |title=Inorganic Chemistry |last2=Overton |first2=T. |last3=Rourke |first3=J. |last4=Weller |first4=M. |last5=Armstrong |first5=F. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |pages=264, 278}}</ref>

** [[Lithium oxide]] reacts with water to produce [[lithium hydroxide]]: Li₂O + H₂O → 2 LiOH

** [[Sodium oxide]] reacts with water to produce [[sodium hydroxide]]: Na₂O + H₂O → 2 NaOH

** [[Potassium oxide]] reacts with water to produce [[potassium hydroxide]]: K₂O + H₂O → 2 KOH

** [[Rubidium oxide]] reacts with water to produce [[rubidium hydroxide]]: Rb₂O + H₂O → 2 RbOH

** [[Caesium oxide]] reacts with water to produce [[caesium hydroxide]]: Cs₂O + H₂O → 2 CsOH

** [[Magnesium oxide]] reacts with water to produce [[magnesium hydroxide]]: MgO + H₂O → Mg(OH)₂

** [[Calcium oxide]] reacts with water to produce [[calcium hydroxide]]: CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂

** [[Strontium oxide]] reacts with water to produce [[strontium hydroxide]]: SrO + H₂O → Sr(OH)₂

** [[Barium oxide]] reacts with water to produce [[barium hydroxide]]: BaO + H₂O → Ba(OH)₂

** [[Radium oxide]] reacts with water to produce [[radium hydroxide]]: RaO + H₂O → Ra(OH)₂

*reactsSome oxides of other main group elements are basic, reacting with [[water]] to form a [[baseBase (chemistry)|base]]; or:

** [[Thallium(I) oxide]], a group 13 oxide, reacts with water to produce [[thallium(I) hydroxide]]: Tl₂O + H₂O → 2 TlOH

** [[Bismuth(III) oxide]], a group 15 oxide, reacts with water to produce [[Bismuth hydroxide|bismuth(III) hydroxide]]: Bi₂O₃ + 3H₂O → 2 Bi(OH)₃

* In [[Neutralization (chemistry)|neutralization reactions]], basic oxides reacts with an [[acid]] to form [[salt]] and [[water]]:

** [[Magnesium oxide]] reacts with [[hydrogen chloride]] (acid) to produce [[magnesium chloride]] (salt) and water: MgO + 2 HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O

** [[Sodium oxide]] reacts with [[hydrogen chloride]] (acid) to produce [[sodium chloride]] (salt) and water: Na₂O + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl + H₂O

<gallery>

File:Magnesium oxide.jpg|Magnesium oxide

File:Calcium oxide powder.JPG|Calcium oxide

</gallery>

==See also==

{{Commons category|Basic oxides}}

*[[Acidic oxide]]

*[[Amphoterism#Amphoteric oxides|Amphoteric oxide]]

== References ==

<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basic Oxide}}