Local programming: Difference between revisions

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{{globalize/USGlobalize|article|USA|2name=the United States|date=September 2011}}

The terms '''local programme''', '''local programming''', '''local content''' or '''local television''' refers to a [[television program]] made by a [[television station]] or independent [[television producer]] for [[broadcast]] only within the station's transmission area or [[television market]]. Local programmes can encompass the whole range of programme [[television genre|genres]] but will usually only cover subjects or people of particular interest to an [[audience]] within the station’sstation's [[broadcast range|coverage]] area.

For example, a local sports programme will present results, interviews and coverage of games or matches, just like a network sports programme, but it would only feature teams and players from within the broadcaster's transmission area.

In some cases a [[television network]] programme may include a local element as well. This is particularly the case in the [[Television in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] and still happens today{{when|date=November 2023}} with ''[[The Politics Show]]''. The [[BBC]] regions will all [[opt-out]] at the same time from the main programme to present a locally produced segment.

Sometimes locally made programmes that are not too specific to the transmission area, will be sold to other local stations for broadcast in their region.

Historically there was a large percentage of local programming on television. Late in the 20th century this has significantly fallen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/media/speeches/2004/11/ipprrf |title=What Future for Regional TV? |accessdate=2007-06-12 |last=Foster |first=Robin |date=November 2004 |publisher=[http://www.ofcom.org.uk Ofcom] |deadurlurl-status=yes dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930041523/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/media/speeches/2004/11/ipprrf |archivedate=30 September 2007 |dfaccessdate= 2007-06-12}}

</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://keywords.dsvr.co.uk/freepress/body.phtml?category=&id=842 |title=We must save regional TV |accessdate= 2007-06-12 |last=McLaughlin |first=Paul |date=November 2004 |publisher=[http://www.cpbf.org.uk Campaign for Press & Broadcasting Freedom]}} {{Dead link|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002355/http://keywords.dsvr.co.uk/freepress/body.phtml?category=&id=842|archive-date=October28 2010September 2007|botaccessdate=H3llBot2007-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nuj.org.uk/inner.php?docid=887 |title=Ofcom slashes ITV local programming |accessdate=2007-06-12 |date=February 2005 |publisher=[[National Union of Journalists]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608224445/http://www.nuj.org.uk/inner.php?docid=887 |archivedate=8 June 2007 |deadurl=yes |dfurl-status=dmydead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/insidetv/regionalism/regionalism_a_s.php |title=Regional TV – a spent force? |accessdate=2007-06-12 |last=Hopkins |first=Stephen |date=March 2006 |publisher=[http://www.transdiffusion.org Transdiffusion] |deadurlurl-status=yes dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913024631/http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/insidetv/regionalism/regionalism_a_s.php |archivedate=13 September 2007 |dfaccessdate= 2007-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/insidetv/regionalism/deja.php |title=Regional TV – Déjà vu Down Under |accessdate=2007-06-12 |last=Palmer |first=Danny |date=June 2003 |publisher=[http://www.transdiffusion.org Transdiffusion] |deadurlurl-status=yes dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404071532/http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/insidetv/regionalism/deja.php |archivedate=4 April 2007 |dfaccessdate= 2007-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0705/S00194.htm |title=NZ made programmes lowest since Charter introduced |accessdate=2007-06-12 |last=Kedgley |first=Sue |date=May 2007 |publisher=[http://www.greens.org.nz Green Party of New Zealand] |deadurlurl-status=nolive |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930030703/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0705/S00194.htm |archivedate=30 September 2007 }}</ref> In many cases the only local programmes on a television station today will be the [[local news]]cast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stateofthemedia.org/2004/local-tv-intro/ |title=State of the US local news media |accessdate=2007-06-12 |author=Project for Excellence in Journalism |year=2004 |publisher=[http://www.journalism.org Journalism.org] |deadurlurl-status=no live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509012859/http://stateofthemedia.org/2004/local-tv-intro/ |archivedate=9 May 2011 |accessdate=2007-06-12}}</ref>

The above can also apply to [[radio station|radio]]. A national [[radio network]] may have local studios or affiliates who opt-out at various times to present local programs and content.

In the late-1950s, many of the early Australian television series such as ''[[Melbourne Magazine]]'' (1957), [[Sydney Tonight]] (1956-19591956–1959), and ''[[TV Talent Scout]]'' (1957-19581957–1958) were broadcast in only a single city.

==Canada==

In Canada, historically local television stations produced a significant volume of local programming, including newscasts, locally or regionally oriented talk shows, and variety entertainment programs such as ''[[Tiny Talent Time]]'' or ''[[Homegrown Cafe]]''.; Witha thefew cross-nationalstations, such as [[consolidationCHCH-DT|CHCH-TV]] ofin media[[Hamilton, ownershipOntario|consolidationHamilton]], of[[Ontario]] Canadianand media ownership[[CJOH]] in the 1990s and 2000s[[Ottawa]], network-affiliatedalso stationsdistributed nowsome rarely produce much more thanof their own local orprogramming regionalmore newscasts,widely althoughthrough some[[television stationssyndication]], maymost continuenotably toCHCH's produce''[[Hilarious a small amountHouse of additionalFrightenstein]]'' localand programming.CJOH's Independent''[[You stationsCan't mayDo produceThat moreon local programmingTelevision]]'', althoughboth suchof stationswhich arewere nowbroadcast rareacross inboth theCanada Canadianand mediathe landscape[[United States]].

With the cross-national [[consolidation of media ownership|consolidation]] of Canadian media ownership in the 1990s and 2000s, network-affiliated stations now rarely produce much more than their own local or regional newscasts, although some stations may continue to produce a small amount of additional local programming. Independent stations may produce more local programming, although such stations are now rare in the Canadian media landscape.

In radio, virtually all Canadian commercial radio stations are officially programmed locally, although many stations cut costs by contracting some dayparts out to [[voice-tracking|voice-tracked]] hosts who are not actually located in the station's physical studio or even necessarily in the same city. The [[CBC Radio One]], [[CBC Radio 2]] and [[Ici Radio-Canada Première]] networks consist primarily of networked programming, although all include some degree of local programming in certain time blocks. Radio One and Première stations each have a significant number of production centres which create and air their own local morning and/or afternoon talk shows, while Radio 2's local content is largely limited to local news and weather updates. See also [[CBC Radio One local programming]].

In radio, virtually all Canadian commercial radio stations are officially programmed locally, although many stations cut costs by contracting some dayparts out to [[voice-tracking|voice-tracked]] hosts who are not actually located in the station's physical studio or even necessarily in the same city, using a [[home studio]], and may even be performing their show from the United States. The [[CBC Radio One]], [[CBC Radio 2]] and, [[Ici Radio-Canada Première]] and [[Ici Musique]] networks consist primarily of networked national programming, although all include [[CBC Radio One local programming|some degree of local programming]] in certain time blocks. Radio One and Première stations each have a significant number of production centres which create and air their own local morning and/or afternoon talk shows, while Radio 2's and Ici Musique's local content is largely limited to local news and weather updates. See also [[CBC Radio One local programming]].

== United States==

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===Placeholder use of term===

Additionally, the term is used in a more generic form in the United States, [[Canada]], [[Mexico]] and other countries in the [[Western Hemisphere]] as a [[Placeholder name|placeholder term]] within published national program guide listings in publications such as the post-2006 format ''[[TV Guide]]'' or ''[[USA Today]]'' which only carry the default schedules of national networks, where the "local programming" designation replaces detailed listings for a local station that would be impossible to print in a national publication. Outside of local newscasts and some rare non-news programming however, the term merely describes time periods under a local station's control, where [[broadcast syndication|syndicated]] content airs rather than true local programming. For equivalent [[electronic program guide]] listings for [[set-top box]]es, the term is used mainly with [[Public, educational, and government access|PEG stations and networks]] which do not have a schedule compiled by a cable operator as a default placeholder; other instances are with only broadcast stations who outright refuse or do not release their program listings due to lack of staff, though as advertisers usually demand a minimum schedule to place their ads on a television station (and most of these stations are associated with smaller national [[digital subchannel]] networks which do provide a default schedule for distribution), the vast majority of broadcast stations do provide program listings. Wikipedia itself also uses this designation in its series of [[Lists of United States network television schedules|American network television schedule]] articles for non-network programming time.

==United Kingdom==

{{Main|Restricted Service Licence}}

* [[{{Main|Local television in the United Kingdom]]}}

Many [[List of television stations in the United Kingdom#Local TV broadcasters|local television stations]] in the United Kingdom ceased broadcasting due to a lack of viability, but some stations are still being broadcast., including:

*[[Midlands Asian Television|Midlands Asian Television (MATV)]]

===List of local television stations currently broadcasting in the United Kingdom===

*[[NVTV|NVTV (Northern Visions Television)]], [[Belfast]]

*[[C9TVThat's TV]]

*[[Midlands Asian Television|MATV]]

*[[NVTV]]

*[[TV Norwich]]

*[[That's Solent]]

==See also==

* [[Advertorial]], a common form of local programming in North America where local businesses advertise their products and services

* [[Regional variations|Regional Variations]]

* [[List of local children's television series (United States)]]

* [[Network affiliate]]

* [[Local Children's Television Programs|Local Children's Television (US)]]

* [[Regional television in Australia]]

* [[Local television in the United Kingdom]]

* [[Local television in Greece]]

* [[Local origination (disambiguation)]]

* [[Network affiliate]]

* [[Regional television in Australia]]

* [[Regional variation]]

==References==

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[[Category:Local television programming in the United States| ]]

[[Category:LocalAustralian television channels in the United Kingdom| shows]]

[[Category:Television in Canada]]

[[Category:Television in Australia]]

[[Category:Television terminology]]

[[Category:Radio terminologybroadcasting]]