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{{tmp|Bio}}

{{coord|47.667049|13.090339|type:landmark|name=Hallein Salt Mine|display=title}}

'''Maureen Adele Chase Dunlop de Popp''' (26 ottobre 1920 &ndash; 29 maggio 2012<ref name=TelgObit/>), nata '''Dunlop''', è stata una pilota anglo-argentina della British [[Air Transport Auxiliary]] (ATA) durante la [[seconda guerra mondiale]]<ref name=InpObit/>, diventata famosa per essere la [[pin-up]] della copertina del ''[[Picture Post]]'' <ref name=DMailObit/>.

[[File:Dürrnberg (Salzwelten).jpg|thumb|L'ingresso alle miniere di sale]]

Le '''Miniere di sale di Dürrnberg''' (''Salzbergwerk Dürrnberg''), sono delle miniere di [[sale]] sotterranee situate nell'altopiano di [[Dürrnberg]] sopra [[Hallein]], Austria. Le miniere sono state lavorate per oltre {{formatnum:7000}} anni, sin dai tempi dei [[Celti]]. Hanno aiutato la vicina [[Salisburgo]] a diventare un potente centro economico. Dopo la [[prima guerra mondiale]] le miniere sono state trasformate in un museo, noto per i suoi lunghi scivoli di legno tra i livelli.<ref name=nyt1970>{{cita news|url=http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F60815F63D5B137A93CBAB1788D85F448785F9|titolo=It's Back to the Salt Mines, But Not for Work|autore=Robert Sarian|data=29 marzo 1970|rivista=New York Times|accesso=2016|lingua=inglese}}</ref>

==DescrizioneEarly life==

Dunlop was born in [[Quilmes]], near [[Buenos Aires]], on 26 October 1920.<ref name=TelgObit/> Her parents were [[Australian people|Australian]] farm manager Eric Chase Dunlop, who had volunteered for the [[Royal Field Artillery]] during [[World War I]] and was now employed by a British company to manage {{convert|250000|ha}} of sheep farms in [[Patagonia]],<ref name=TelgObit/> and his English wife Jessimin May Williams.<ref name=InpObit/> The couple also had an elder daughter Joan, and a younger son Eric.<ref name=InpObit/>

Ci sono diverse gallerie denominate nella miniera, tra cui l'Obersteinberg aperta nel 1450, l'Untersteinberg, il Jackobberg, il Rupertsberg, il Wolf Deitrich tunnel ed il tunnel Dr. Nusko. Tutte quante scendono in direzione di Hallein.<ref name=nyt1970/>

Educated mainly by her [[governess]],<ref name=TelgObit/> Dunlop also attended [[St. Hilda's College, Buenos Aires|St. Hilda's College]] in [[Hurlingham, Buenos Aires| Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Province]].<ref name=DMailObit/> Surrounded by animals, she became an expert horse rider.<ref name=TelgObit/>

Early mining was done by hand and extracted salt rock crystals as a solid. To improve efficiency, fresh water would be pumped into a cavern. After several weeks of absorbing salt from the walls, the water was pumped out to a processing plant in Hallein.<ref name=nyt1970/><ref name="nytside">{{cite news|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/frommers/travel/guides/europe/austria/salzburg/frm_salzburg_0102010011.html?scp=2&sq=hallein%20salt%20mine&st=cse|title=Side Trips: Salzburg|work=New York Times|accessdate=2009-05-01 | date=2006-11-20}}</ref>

The three children regularly visited England.<ref name=DMailObit/> During a holiday there in 1936, Dunlop took flying lessons.<ref name=TelgObit/> On return to Argentina, she backdated her birth certificate to allow her to continue flight training,<ref name=TelgObit/> joining the Aeroclub Argentino.<ref name=InpObit/>

In 1829, the [[Bavarian–Austrian Salt Treaty]] was created, as the mine actually crosses under the border into Bavaria. The treaty stipulates that up to ninety [[Bavaria]]n farmers are allowed to work in the mine.<ref name=nyt1970/>

==ScientificWorld researchWar II==

At the outbreak of war, Dunlop decided actively to support the war effort. To join the ATA, women pilots needed a minimum of 500 hours' solo flying, twice that of a man.<ref name=DMailObit/> After sufficiently increasing her hours, in early 1942 Dunlop and her sister travelled across the [[Atlantic Ocean]] on a neutral Argentine-registered ship.<ref name=DMailObit/>

There has been scientific research which used ancient human feces found in the older tunnels to determine how resources were shared between cultures.<ref>{{cite journal|date=22 Jun 2005|title=ORGANIC RESOURCES AT THE IRON AGE DÜRRNBERG SALT-MINE (HALLEIN, AUSTRIA)—LONG-DISTANCE TRADE OR LOCAL SOURCES?|journal=Archaeometry|publisher=University of Oxford|volume=47|issue=2|pages=471–483|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118641797/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0|accessdate=2009-04-25|doi=10.1111/j.1475-4754.2005.00214.x|last1=Boenke|first1=N.}}</ref>

While her sister joined the [[BBC]],<ref name=TelgObit/> in April 1942 Maureen joined the ATA, one of 164 female pilots eventually to do so in three years.<ref name=TelgObit/> Trained to fly 38 types of aircraft, her 800 hours subsequently logged included time in [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfires]], [[North American P-51 Mustang|Mustangs]], [[Hawker Typhoon|Typhoons]], and bomber types including the [[Vickers Wellington|Wellington]].<ref name=TelgObit/> She later stated that her favourite type to fly was the [[de Havilland Mosquito]].<ref name=TelgObit/> Initially attached to No.6 Ferry Pool at [[RAF Ratcliffe]] near [[Leicester]],<ref name=TelgObit/> she then moved to the all-female [[Ferry flying|Ferry]] Pool at [[Hamble-le-Rice|Hamble]], [[Southampton]], which exclusively delivered Spitfires from [[Supermarine]]'s [[Ford Southampton plant|new factory]] at [[RAF Southampton]].<ref name=TelgObit/> She was forced into occasional emergency landings, once after the cockpit canopy of her Spitfire blew off after take off and another occasion put down in a field after the engine of her [[Fairchild Argus]] failed in the air.<ref name=TelgObit/><ref name=DMailObit/>

==Visiting==

There is a 90-minute guided tour which covers 1 kilometer.<ref name=showcave>{{cite web|url=http://www.showcaves.com/english/at/mines/Salzburg.html|title=Salzwelten Salzburg|date=October 9, 2008|publisher=showcaves.com|accessdate=2009-05-01}}</ref> Visitors put on white coveralls to protect their clothes inside the mine. There is a {{convert|400|m|ft}} electric train ride into the mine which leads to two sets of {{convert|42|m|ft}} wooden slides.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visit-salzburg.net/surroundings/halleinsaltmines.htm|title=Schaubergwerk Dürrnberg - Hallein Salt Mines|publisher=Visit Salzburg.net|accessdate=2009-05-01}}</ref> Visitors straddle two wooden rails and slide quickly down to the lower level of the mine. There is a boat trip across an underground lake before exiting the mine.

Dunlop became a [[cover girl]] when pictured pushing her hair out of her face after she left the cockpit of a [[Fairey Barracuda]] aircraft. The shot featured on the front page of ''Picture Post'' magazine in 1944, proving women could be fearless as well as glamorous, and integral to the war effort.<ref name=TelgObit/><ref name=DMailObit/>

In 1969, there were 150,000 visitors to the mine. At that time, the tour covered {{convert|2.5|mi|km}} and went down seven wooden slides.<ref name=nyt1970/>

==After the war==

At the end of hostilities, Dunlop qualified as a flying instructor at [[RAF Luton]], before returning to Argentina. There she instructed pilots and flew for the [[Argentine Air Force]], and also worked as a commercial pilot. Dunlop later held a partnership in an [[air taxi]] company, continuing to fly actively until 1969.<ref name=TelgObit/>

In 1955 she married retired [[Romania]]n [[diplomat]] Serban (Şerban) Victor Popp after meeting him at a [[British Embassy]] function in Buenos Aires. The couple had a son and two daughters, raised on their stud farm ''Milla Lauquen Stud''.<ref name=TelgObit/> In 1973, the family moved to [[Norfolk]] to breed pure-blood [[Arab horse]]s. Her husband died in 2000.<ref name=DMailObit/>

==Voci correlate==

*[[Dürrnberg]]

In 2003, Dunlop was one of three female ATA pilots who were awarded the [[Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators]] Master Air Pilot Award.<ref name=TelgObit/><ref name=DMailObit/>

==Note==

<references/>

She died in May 2012, at her home in Norfolk.<ref name=TelgObit>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9334827/Maureen-Dunlop-de-Popp.html|title=Maureen Dunlop de Popp|publisher=[[Daily Telegraph]]|date=15 June 2012|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref><ref name=InpObit>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/maureen-dunlop-pilot-for-the-air-transport-auxiliary-who-made-the-cover-of-picture-post-7834571.html?origin=internalSearch|title=Maureen Dunlop: Pilot for the Air Transport Auxiliary who made the cover of Picture Post|author=Anne Keleny|publisher=[[The Independent]]|date=11 June 2012|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref><ref name=DMailObit>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2160959/Pioneering-female-pilot-flew-Spitfires-Second-World-War-magazine-cover-girl-dies-aged-91.html#ixzz1y98SzqZG|title=Pioneering female pilot who flew Spitfires during Second World War and became magazine cover girl dies aged 91|author=Lucy Waterlow|publisher=[[Daily Mail]]|date=18 June 2012|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref>

==Collegamenti esterni==

*[http://www.salzwelten.at/salz_en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29&Itemid=61 Sito ufficiale]

*[http://www.salzburg.info/en/sights/excursions/salt_mines_hallein.htm/ Salzburg Tourist Office]

==See also==

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*[[List of World War I flying aces from Argentina]]

[[Category:Underground mines in Austria]]

*[[English settlement in Argentina]]

[[Category:Hallein|Salt Mine]]

*[[No. 164 Squadron RAF]]

[[Category:Mining museums in Austria]]

[[Category:Salt mines in Austria]]

==References==

[[Category:Museums in Salzburg (state)]]

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Salt museums]]

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Salzburg (state)]]

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[[Category:Show mines]]

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[[Category:People from Quilmes]]

[[Category:Argentine emigrants to England]]

[[Category:Argentine people of Australian descent]]

[[Category:Argentine people of English descent]]

[[Category:English people of Australian descent]]

[[Category:ShowFemale minesaviators]]

[[Category:Argentine aviators]]

[[Category:English aviators]]

[[Category:Air Transport Auxiliary pilots]]

[[Category:Salt minesWomen in AustriaWorld War II]]

[[Category:MuseumsArgentina in SalzburgWorld (state)War II]]

[[Category:Argentine Air Force personnel]]

[[Category:Hallein|Salt1920 Minebirths]]

[[Category:Salt2012 museumsdeaths]]

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