Moorish Revival architecture: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Revival architectural style}}

{{refimprove|date=December 2007}}

{{more citations needed|date=December 2007}}

[[Image:FIOCRUZ-Palace-CCBYSA.jpg|thumb|Palace of the [[Fiocruz|Oswaldo Cruz Foundation]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]] (Brazil)]]

[[File:Sarajevo, knihovna.jpg|alt=Vijećnica in Sarajevo|thumb|Famed [[Vijećnica|Viječnica]] in [[Sarajevo]], 1894, building of the [[National Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina]].]]

'''Moorish Revival''' or '''Neo-Moorish''' is one of the exotic revival [[architectural style]]s that were adopted by architects of Europe and the [[Americas]] in the wake of the [[Romanticist]] [[Orientalism|fascination with all things oriental]]. It reached the height of its popularity after the mid-19th century, part of a widening vocabulary of [[articulation (architecture)|articulated]] decorative ornament drawn from historical sources beyond familiar [[Classical architecture|classical]] and [[Gothic architecture|Gothic modes]].

'''Moorish Revival''' or '''Neo-Moorish''' is one of the exotic revival [[architectural style]]s that were adopted by architects of [[Europe]] and the [[Americas]] in the wake of [[Romanticism|Romanticist]] [[Orientalism]]. It reached the height of its popularity after the mid-19th century, part of a widening vocabulary of [[articulation (architecture)|articulated]] decorative ornament drawn from historical sources beyond familiar [[Classical architecture|classical]] and [[Gothic architecture|Gothic modes]]. Neo-Moorish architecture drew on elements from classic [[Moorish architecture]] and, as a result, from the wider [[Islamic architecture]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Giese|first1=Francine|last2=Varela Braga|first2=Ariane|last3=Lahoz Kopiske|first3=Helena|last4=Kaufmann|first4=Katrin|last5=Castro Royo|first5=Laura|last6=Keller|first6=Sarah|date=2016|title=Resplendence of al-Andalus: Exchange and Transfer Processes in Mudéjar and Neo-Moorish Architecture|journal=Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques|volume=70|issue=4|pages=1307–1353|doi=10.1515/asia-2016-0499|s2cid=99943973|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/134280/1/%5B%5D_Resplendence_of_al-Andalus_.pdf}}</ref>

== In Europe ==

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| caption2 = The [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid]] was the inspiration for Blore's design.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brett|first=C.E.B.|title=Towers of Crim Tartary : English and Scottish architects and craftsmen in the Crimea, 1762–1853|publisher=Shaun Tyas|year=2005|page=65|___location=[[Donington, Lincolnshire]]|isbn=978-1-900289-73-3}}</ref>}}

The "[[Moorish]]" garden structures built at [[Sheringham Park|Sheringham]] Hall,in Norfolk]], ca. 1812, were an unusual touch at the time, a parallel to [[chinoiserie]], as a dream vision of fanciful whimsy, not meant to be taken seriously; however, as early as 1826, [[Edward Blore]] used [[Islamic architecture|Islamic arches]], domes of various size and shapes and other details of Near Eastern Islamic architecture to great effect in his design for [[Alupka Palace]] in [[Crimea]], a cultural setting that had already been penetrated by authentic [[Ottoman architecture|Ottoman styles]]. By the mid-19th century, the style was adopted by the [[Jews]] of [[Central Europe]], who associated [[Moorish architecture|Moorish]] and [[Mudéjar style|Mudéjar]] architectural forms with the golden age of [[Jewry]] in medieval [[Muslim Spain]]. As a consequence, Moorish Revival spread around the globe as a preferred style of [[synagogue architecture]].

By the mid-19th century, the style was adopted by the [[Jews]] of [[Central Europe]], who associated [[Moorish architecture|Moorish]] and [[Mudéjar style|Mudéjar]] architectural forms with the [[Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldridgestreet.org/art-architecture/moorish-revival-synagogues/|title=Why Moorish? Synagogues and the Moorish Revival|date=2017-04-27|website=Museum at Eldridge Street|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref> It has also been argued{{by whom|date=August 2021}} that Jewish communities adopted this architecture (which in [[Western world|Western eyes]] was seen as stereotypical of "Islamic" or "[[Orientalism|Oriental]]" culture more broadly) for more complex reasons; mainly, as an affirmation or reclamation of the Middle Eastern roots of their history and thus as a way of setting themselves apart from the surrounding Western or Christian society.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Kalmar|first=Ivan Davidson|date=2001|title=Moorish Style: Orientalism, the Jews, and Synagogue Architecture|journal=Jewish Social Studies|volume=7|issue=3|pages=68–100|doi=10.2979/JSS.2001.7.3.68|hdl=1807/35319|s2cid=162229425|hdl-access=free}}</ref> This came at time when Jews were gaining more freedoms in some European societies and the construction of ostentatious synagogues was possible for the first time, thus provoking a search for a new distinct style of architecture. Historian John M. Efron of the University of California at Berkeley regards the popularity of Moorish revival architecture among builders of synagogues as a counterpoint to [[Edward Said]]'s [[Orientalism (book)|''Orientalism'']], which criticizes European [[orientalism]] as inherently imperialist and racist, since the builders chose the style as an expression of admiration for the culture of the Muslim world.<ref name="BialeSephardic">{{cite journal|author1-link=David Biale|last1=Biale|first1=David|date=June 2017|title=German Jewry and the Allure of the Sephardic (book review)|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=122|issue=3|page=942|doi=10.1093/ahr/122.3.942}}</ref> As a consequence, Moorish Revival spread around the globe as a preferred style of [[synagogue architecture]] for a long period until the early 20th century.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

[[Image:Gran teatro falla.jpg|thumb|left| 200px|[[Gran Teatro Falla]], [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]]]]

In Spain, the country was conceived as the place of origin of Moorish ornamentation, and the interest in this sort of architecture fluctuated from province to province. The mainstream was called [[Neo-Mudéjar]]. In [[Catalonia]], [[Antoni Gaudí]]'s profound interest in [[Mudéjar style|Mudéjar]] heritage governed the design of his early works, such as [[Casa Vicens]] or [[:Image:Palacio Episcopal de Astorga de noche.jpg|Astorga Palace]]. In Andalusia, the Neo-Mudéjar style gained belated popularity in connection with the [[Ibero-American Exposition of 1929]]. andIt was epitomized by [[Plaza de España, Seville|Plaza de España of (Seville)]] and the [[:Image:Gran teatro falla.jpg|Gran Teatro Falla]] in [[Cádiz]]. In [[Madrid]], the Neo-Mudéjar was a characteristic style of housing and public buildings at the turn of the century,. whileIn contrast, the 1920s return of interest to the style resulted in such buildings as the [[Las Ventasbullring]] of [[bullringLas Ventas]] and [[Diario ABC]] office. A Spanish nobleman built the Palazzo [[Sammezzano]], one of Europe's largest and most elaborate Moorish Revival structures, in [[Tuscany]] between 1853 and 1889.

[[File:Alhambra Frederiksberg 2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Lithography of the [[Moorish Castle (Copenhagen)|Moorish Castle]], a theater built in Moorish Architecture. Location was [[Frederiksberg]], Denmark]]

Although [[Carlo Bugatti]] employed Moorish arcading among the exotic features of his furniture, shown at the 1902 exhibition at [[Turin]], by that time the Moorish Revival was very much on the wane almost everywhere. A notable exceptionsexception werewas [[Imperial Russia]], where the shell-encrusted [[:Image:DomArseniyaMorozova,Moscow,Russia,2004-03-21.jpeg|Morozov House]] in Moscow (a stylisation of the [[Pena National Palace]] in [[Sintra]]), the Neo-MamelukMamluk [[Dulber]] palace in [[Koreiz]], and the palace in [[Likani]] exemplified the continuing development of the style.

===In Hungary===

{{main|:hu:Neomór építészet Magyarországon}}

===In the Balkans===

{{main|Moorish Revival architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

Another exception was [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]], where, after its [[Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina|occupation by Austria-Hungary]], the new authorities commissioned a range of Neo-Moorish structures. The aim was to promote Bosnian national identity while avoiding its association with either the [[Ottoman Empire]] or the growing [[Pan-Slavism|pan-Slavic movement]] by creating an "[[Islamic architecture]] of European fantasy".<ref name=college>{{cite book|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|title=Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Economics, education, mobility, and space|last1=Joseph|first1=Suad|last2=Najmabadi|first2=Afsaneh |year=2003|isbn=9004128204}}</ref> This included application of ornamentations and other Moorish design strategies neither of which had much to do with prior architectural direction of indigenous [[Bosnian architecture]]. The central post office in [[Sarajevo]], for example, follows distinct formal characteristics of design like clarity of form, symmetry, and proportion while the interior followed the same doctrine. The [[National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in Sarajevo is an example of Pseudo Moorish architectural language using decorations and pointed arches while still integrating other formal elements into the design.

Other notable example in the region is the building of the Regional historical museum in [[Kardzhali]], [[Bulgaria]] build in the 1920s, combining also Central Asian styles.

[[File:Регионален исторически музей - Кърджали.jpg|thumb|Regional historical museum in Kardzhali in Bulgaria]]

== In the United States ==

[[File:Yeshiva University Zysman Hall and Gottesmann Library.jpg|thumb|[[Yeshiva University|Yeshiva University, New York City]]]]

In the United States, [[Washington Irving]]'s fanciful travel sketch, ''[[Tales of the Alhambra]]'' (1832), first brought Moorish Andalusia into readers' imaginations; one of the first neo-Moorish structures was [[Iranistan]], a mansion of [[P. T. Barnum]] in [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]]. Constructed in 1848 and destroyed by fire ten years later, this architectural extravaganza "sprouted bulbous domes and horseshoe arches".<ref>John C. Poppeliers, S. Allen Chambers Jr. ''What Style Is It: A Guide to American Architecture'', p. 63. {{ISBN|0-471-25036-8}} .</ref> In the 1860s, the style spread across America, with [[Olana]], the painter [[Frederic Edwin Church]]'s house overlooking the Hudson River, Castle Garden in [[Jacksonville]] and [[Longwood (Natchez, Mississippi)|Longwood]] in [[Natchez, Mississippi]] usually cited among the more prominent examples. After the American Civil War, Moorish or Turkish smoking rooms achieved some popularity. There were Moorish details in the interiors created for the [[Henry Osborne Havemeyer]] residence on Fifth Avenue by [[Louis Comfort Tiffany]]. The 1914 [[Pittock Mansion]] in [[Portland, Oregon]] incorporates Turkish design features, as well as French, English, and Italian ones; the smoking room in particular has notable Moorish revival elements. In 1937, the [[Corn Palace]] in [[Mitchell, South Dakota]] added unusual minarets and Moorish domes, unusual because the polychrome decorations are made out of corn cobs of various colors assembled like mosaic tiles to create patterns. The 1891 [[Tampa Bay Hotel]], whose minarets and Moorish domes are now the pride of the [[University of Tampa]], was a particularly extravagant example of the style. Other schools with Moorish Revival buildings include [[Yeshiva University]] in New York City. [[George Washington Smith (architect)|George Washington Smith]] used the style in his design for the 1920s Isham Beach Estate in [[Santa Barbara, California]].<ref>Gebhard, David. ''Santa Barbara Architecture, from Spanish Colonial to Modern''. Capra Press. Santa Barbara. 1980. (later editions avail.) p. 109</ref>

In the United States, [[Washington Irving]]'s fanciful travel sketch, ''[[Tales of the Alhambra]]'' (1832), first brought Moorish Andalusia into readers' imaginations; one of the first neo-Moorish structures was [[Iranistan]], a mansion of [[P. T. Barnum]] in [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]]. Constructed in 1848 and destroyed by fire ten years later, this architectural extravaganza "sprouted bulbous domes and horseshoe arches".<ref>John C. Poppeliers, S. Allen Chambers Jr. ''What Style Is It: A Guide to American Architecture'', p. 63. {{ISBN|0-471-25036-8}} .</ref> In the 1860s, the style spread across America, with [[Olana]], the painter [[Frederic Edwin Church]]'s house overlooking the Hudson River, Castle Garden in [[Jacksonville]] and [[Longwood (Natchez, Mississippi)|Longwood]] in [[Natchez, Mississippi]] usually cited among the more prominent examples. After the American Civil War, Moorish or Turkish smoking rooms achieved some popularity. There were Moorish details in the interiors created for the [[Henry Osborne Havemeyer]] residence on Fifth Avenue by [[Louis Comfort Tiffany]]. The most thorough example of Moorish Revival architecture was [[Villa Zorayda]] in [[St. Augustine, Florida]], built in 1883 by [[Franklin W. Smith]] as a winter home and showplace for the Boston businessman and architectural enthusiast. Today it is a museum, open for tourists. In 1893, [[Saltair (Utah)|The Great Saltair]] was built on the southern shores of [[Great Salt Lake|The Great Salt Lake]], adjacent to [[Salt Lake City]]. Under dozens of Moorish domes and lambrequin, polylobed, and keyhole arches, [[Saltair (Utah)|Saltair]] housed popular clubs, restaurants, bowling alleys, a hippodrome, rollercoaster, observation deck for the surrounding desert, and what was marketed as the largest dance hall in the world.<ref>{{cite web|author=Utah Division of State History|title=Saltair: A Photographic Exhibit|date=19 May 2016 |url=https://historytogo.utah.gov/saltair-photographic-exhibit/|accessdate=16 January 2023}}</ref> Like [[Iranistan]] before it, [[Saltair (Utah)|Saltair]] was destroyed by fire in 1925 and again in 1970; the first of which, less than 30 years after opening.

The trend continued into the early 1900s, for example in the 1909 [[Old National Centre|Murat Shrine Temple]] in [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]. The 1914 [[Pittock Mansion]] in [[Portland, Oregon]] incorporates Turkish design features, as well as French, English, and Italian ones; the smoking room in particular has notable Moorish revival elements. In 1937, the [[Corn Palace]] in [[Mitchell, South Dakota]] added unusual minarets and Moorish domes, unusual because the polychrome decorations are made out of corn cobs of various colors assembled like mosaic tiles to create patterns. The 1891 [[Tampa Bay Hotel]], whose minarets and Moorish domes are now the pride of the [[University of Tampa]], was a particularly extravagant example of the style. Other schools with Moorish Revival buildings include David H. Zysman Hall at [[Yeshiva University]] in New York City. [[George Washington Smith (architect)|George Washington Smith]] used the style in his design for the 1920s Isham Beach Estate in [[Santa Barbara, California]].<ref>Gebhard, David. ''Santa Barbara Architecture, from Spanish Colonial to Modern''. Capra Press. Santa Barbara. 1980. (later editions avail.) p. 109</ref>

[[File:Fountain at Irvine Spectrum.jpg|An example of the Andalusi architecture in the Center, a fountain designed after the [[Alhambra]]'s [[Court of the Lions]]|thumb]]

The [[Irvine Spectrum Center]] in [[Irvine, California]], also features Moorish-inspired architecture, specifically based on the [[Alhambra]], including stuff like a replica fountain of lions.

== In India ==

* [[Spanish Mosque]], built by [[Viqar-ul-Umra]] at [[Hyderabad]].

== In Saudi Arabia ==

* [[Al Rajhi Grand Mosque]], built by [[Sulaiman Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi|Sulaiman bin Abdulaziz Al Rajhi]] in [[Riyadh]] in 2004.

== Theaters ==

===In the United States===

[[Image:Side and elevated view of Fabulous Fox Threater.JPG|right|thumb|200px|[[Fox Theatre (Atlanta, Georgia)]]]]

[[FileImage:Alhambra Theatre El Paso TX ca1915.jpg|thumb|200px|[[The Alhambra Theatre (El Paso, Texas)]]]]

{| class="wikitable"

|-

Line 36 ⟶ 62:

! Date

|-

| [[Alhambra Theatre (El Paso, Texas)|Alhambra Theatre]]

| [[El Paso, Texas]]

| Henry C. Trost

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| Alhambra Theatre

| [[Evansville, Indiana]]

| Frank J. Schlotter

| 1913

|-

Line 71 ⟶ 97:

| 1927

|-

| [[Richmond CenterStage|The Carpenter Center]]

| [[Richmond, Virginia]]

| [[John Eberson]]

Line 81 ⟶ 107:

| 1929

|-

| Corn Palace

| Emporia&nbsp;Granada&nbsp;Theatre

| [[Mitchell, South Dakota]]

| [[Rapp and Rapp]]

| 1921

|-

| [[Emporia Granada Theatre|Emporia&nbsp;Granada&nbsp;Theatre]]

| [[Emporia, Kansas]]

| Boller Brothers

Line 106 ⟶ 137:

|1907

|-

| [[RKO Keith's Theater (Flushing, Queens)|Keith's Flushing Theater]]

| [[Queens, New York]]

| [[Thomas W. Lamb|Thomas Lamb]]

| 1928

|-

| [[Olympia Theater (Miami)|Olympia Theater]]

| Olympic Theatre

| [[Miami, Florida]]

| [[John Eberson]]

| 1926

|-

| [[Liberty Theatre (North Bend, Oregon)|Liberty Theatre]]

| [[North Bend, Oregon]]

| Tourtellotte & Hummel

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| [[Thomas W. Lamb]]

| 1932 (dem.)

|-

| [[The Majestic Theatre, San Antonio|The Majestic Theatre]]

| [[San Antonio, Texas]]

Line 141 ⟶ 172:

| 1927

|-

|[[Old National Centre|Murat Theatre at Old National Centre]]

| Music Box Theatre

|[[Indianapolis, Indiana]]

|[[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|Oscar D. Bohlen]]

|1910

|-

| [[Music Box Theatre (Chicago)|Music Box Theatre]]

| [[Chicago, Illinois]]

| Louis J. Simon

| 1929

|-

|[[New York City Center]]

|[[Manhattan|Manhattan, New York City]]

|Harry P. Knowles and [[Clinton and Russell|Clinton & Russell]]

|1922

|-

| Palace Theatre

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| [[John Eberson]]

| 1926

|-

|[[Paramount Theatre (Abilene, Texas)|Paramount Theater]]

|Abilene, Texas

|[[David S. Castle]] & Co.

|1930

|-

| [[Plaza Theatre (El Paso)|Plaza Theatre]]

Line 185 ⟶ 231:

| [[S. Charles Lee]]

| 1927

|-

| [[Village East Cinema]]

|[[Manhattan|Manhattan, New York City]]

| Harrison Wiseman; [[Willy Pogany]] (interior)

| 1926

|}

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| [[Tbilisi]]

| Georgia

| [[Victor Schröter|Victor schröter]]

| [[Giovanni Scudieri]]

| 1851, rebuilt 1896

|-

| [[Bains Dunkerquois]]

| Eastern Arcade (former Palace/Metro Theatre)

| [[Image:BuildingÉtablissement ondes bourkebains streetpublics melbournedunkerquois.jpg|100px]]

| [[Melbourne, VictoriaDunkerque]]

| France

| Australia

| [[Louis Gilquin]]

| Hyndman & Bates

| 1896

| 1894 (demolished in 2008)

|-

| [[OdessaOdesa Philharmonic Theater]]

| [[Image:Vue de Odessa La Bourse.JPG|100px]]

| [[OdessaOdesa]]

| Ukraine

| Alexander Bernardazzi

Line 224 ⟶ 275:

| Bohringer, Taylor & Johnson

| 1929

|-

|[[Civic Theatre (Auckland)|Civic Theatre]]

|[[Image:Civic Theatre Auckland.jpg|100px]]

|[[Auckland]]

|New Zealand

|Charles Bohringer and William T. Leighton

|1929

|}

==Synagogues==

{{Category see also|Moorish Revival synagogues}}

[[File:BudapestSynagogue.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Dohány Street Synagogue]], [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]]]

[[File:Berlin Neue Synagoge 2005.jpg|thumb|upright|[[New Synagogue, Berlin]], [[Germany]]]]

[[File:Sofia-synagogue-MihalOrel Synagogue 11c.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sofia Synagogue]], [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]]]]

===Europe===

* Munich synagogue, by [[Friedrich von Gärtner]], 1832 was the earliest Moorish revival synagogue (destroyed on [[Kristallnacht]])

* [[Semper Synagogue]], by [[Gottfried Semper]], Dresden, 1839–401839–1840 (destroyed on [[Kristallnacht]])

* [[Leopoldstädter Tempel]], Vienna, Austria, 1853-581853–1858 (destroyed on [[Kristallnacht]])

* [[Dohány Street Synagogue]], Budapest, Hungary, 1854–1859

* [[Leipzig synagogue]], 1855 (in the [[Gottschedstrasse (Leipzig)|Gottschedstrasse]], destroyed on [[Kristallnacht]] in 1938)

* [[Glockengasse synagogue]], Cologne, Germany, 1855-611855–1861 (destroyed on [[Kristallnacht]])

* [[New Synagogue (Berlin)|New Synagogue]] by [[Eduard Knoblauch]], Berlin, 1859–1866

* [[New Synagogue, Ostrów Wielkopolski|New Synagogue]], [[Ostrów Wielkopolski]], Poland, 1857–1860

* [[Tempel Synagogue (Kraków)|Tempel Synagogue]], Cracow, Poland, 1860–621860–1862

* [[Cetate Synagogue]], Timişoara, Romania, by Ignaz Schumann, 1864–651864–1865

* [[Templul Coral|Choral Temple]], [[Bucharest]], 1864–1866

* [[Zagreb Synagogue]], 1867

* [[Great Synagogue of Stockholm|The Great Synagogue of Stockholm]], Sweden, by [[Fredrik Wilhelm Scholander]], 1867–1870

* [[Spanish Synagogue (Prague)|Spanishof SynagogueBesançon]], [[Prague]]France, 18681867–1870

* [[Spanish Synagogue (Prague)|Spanish Synagogue]], [[Prague]], Czech Republic, 1868

* [[Rumbach Street synagogue]], Budapest, Hungary, 1872

* [[Czernowitz Synagogue]], [[CzernowitzChernivtsi]], Ukraine, 1873

* [[Great Synagogue of Florence]], ''Tempio Maggiore'', Florence, Italy, 1874–821874–1882

* [[Princes Road Synagogue]], [[Liverpool]], England, 1874

* [[Manchester Jewish Museum]], built as a [[Sephardic]] synagogue, [[Manchester]], England, 1874

* [[Vercelli Synagogue]], [[Vercelli]], Italy, 1878

* [[Synagogue (Vrbové)|Vrbové synagogue]], [[Vrbové]], Slovakia, 1883

* [[Synagogue of Turin|Turin]] synagogue]], Italy, 1884

* [[Synagoge Zürich Löwenstrasse]], Switzerland, 1884

* [[Great Synagogue in Pilsen]], [[Plzeň|Pilsen]], Bohemia, Czech Republic, 1888

* [[Grand ChoralGreat Synagogue (Plzeň)|TheGreat GrandSynagogue Choralin SynagoguePlzeň]], [[St. PetersburgPlzeň]], RussiaCzech Republic, 1888

* [[FabricGrand NewChoral Synagogue|The inGrand TimişoaraChoral Synagogue]],Romania, by [[LipotSaint BaumhornPetersburg]], 1889Russia, 1888

* [[Esztergom Synagogue]], Hungary, 1888

* [[Fabric New Synagogue in Timişoara]], Romania, by [[Lipot Baumhorn]], 1889

* Rosenberg synagogue, [[Olesno]], Poland, 1889 (destroyed on [[Kristallnacht]] in 1938)

* [[La Ferté-sous-Jouarre]] synagogue, France, 1891

* Prešov[[Hollandse synagogueSynagoge]], [[PrešovAntwerp]], SlovakiaBelgium, 18981893

* Second [[Great Choral Synagogue|The Great ChoralLuxembourg Synagogue]], [[KievLuxembourg City]], Ukraine[[Luxembourg]], 18951894

* [[Great Choral Synagogue (Kyiv)]], Ukraine, 1895

* [[Opava]] synagogue, Czech Republic, 1895

* [[Olomouc Synagogue]], [[Olomouc]], Czech Republic, 1897 (destroyed in 1938)

* Prešov synagogue, [[Prešov]], Slovakia, 1898

* [[Košice synagogue]], [[Košice]], Slovakia, 1899, interior of Rundbogenstil building

* [[Malacky]] synagogue, Slovakia, 1886, rebuilt 1900

* [[Sarajevo Synagogue]], 1902

* [[Karaite Kenesa (KievKyiv)|Karaite Kenesa]], [[KievKyiv]], Ukraine, 1902

* [[Palazzo Mazzone]], [[Catania]], Sicily, Italy, 1904

* [[Jubilee Synagogue]], Prague, Czech Republic, 1906

* [[Groningen Synagogue]], Groningen, Netherlands, 1906

* [[Choral Synagogue (Minsk)|Choral Synagogue]], Minsk, Belarus, 1906

* [[Bet Israel Synagogue (Belgrade)|Bet Israel Synagogue]], Belgrade, Serbia, 1908

* [[Sofia Synagogue]], Sofia, Bulgaria, 1909

* [[Galitska Synagogue]], KievKyiv, Ukraine, 1909

* [[UzhgorodUzhhorod Synagogue]], [[UzhgorodUzhhorod]], Ukraine, 1910

* [[Castello della Leucatia|Leucatia Castle]], Catania, Sicily, Italy, 1911

* [[Chișinău Choral Synagogue]], Moldova, 1913

* Arabian House (Hotel Jadran) [[Skopje]], North Macedonia, 1936–1938

===United States===

[[Image:Plum Street Temple.JPG|right|thumb|upright|[[Isaac M. Wise Temple]], [[Cincinnati, Ohio]]]]

[[File:Central Synagogue Lex jeh.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Central Synagogue (Manhattan)|Central Synagogue]] in [[New York City]]]]

* [[Isaac M. Wise Temple]], also known as the [[Plum Street Temple]], Cincinnati, Ohio, 1865

* [[Congregation Rodeph Shalom (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)|Congregation Rodeph Shalom]], Philadelphia, 1866 (no longer standing)

* ''Temple Emanu-El'' on Fifth Avenue at 43rd Street, [[Congregation Emanu-El of the City of New York]] built in 1868, designed by [[Leopold Eidlitz]], assisted by [[Henry Fernbach]], (no longer standing)

* [[Temple B’naiB'nai Sholom Temple]], [[Quincy, Illinois]], 1870

* [[Central Synagogue (Manhattan)|Central Synagogue]], Upper East Side, Manhattan, New York, 1872

* [[Vine Street Temple]], [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], Tennessee, 1874

* [[Temple Beth Israel (Hartford, Connecticut)|Charter Oak Temple (Congregation Beth Israel)]], [[Hartford, Connecticut]], 1876

* [[Temple of Israel (Wilmington, North Carolina)|Temple of Israel]], [[Wilmington, North Carolina]], 1876<ref>[https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/buch0421#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-2917%2C0%2C8472%2C3905 "View, Temple of Israel, Wilmington, North Carolina"], NC State University Libraries. Retrieved August 23, 2021.</ref>

* [[B'nai Israel Synagogue (Baltimore)]], Maryland, 1876

* [[Temple Adath Israel (Owensboro, Kentucky)|Temple Adath Israel]], [[Owensboro]], Kentucky, 1877

Line 289 ⟶ 362:

* [[Park East Synagogue]], Upper East Side, Manhattan, New York, 1889

* [[Gemiluth Chessed]], [[Port Gibson]], Mississippi, 1891

* [[Temple Emanu-El (Helena, Montana)]], 1891<ref>[{{Cite web |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/nrhp |title=National Register |access-date=2012-08-15 |archive-date=2012-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803035425/http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreghome.do?searchtype=natreghome] |url-status=live }}</ref>

* [[Temple Beth-El, Corsicana]], [[Corsicana]], Navarro County, Texas, 1898–1900

* [[Temple Sinai (Sumter, South Carolina)]], 1912

* [[Young Israel of Flatbush]], [[Midwood, Brooklyn]], 1923<ref>BJHI Author (December 5, 2013) [https://brooklynjewish.org/2013/12/young-israel-flatbush/ "Young Israel Of Flatbush"], Brooklyn Jewish Historical Initiative. Retrieved August 23, 2021.</ref>

* [[Ohabei Shalom]], [[Brookline, Massachusetts]], 1925

* [[Congregation Ohab Zedek]], Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, 1926

Line 297 ⟶ 371:

===Latin America===

* [[Sephardic Temple]], Barracas district, Buenos Aires, Argentina

* [[Palacio Arabe]], downtown [[Mar del Plata]], Argentina, 1945

==Churches and cathedrals==

[[File:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity.jpg|thumb|[[Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar]]]]

[[File:Church of St Andrew, Tangier.jpg|thumb|[[St Andrew's Church, Tangier]]]]

* [[Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar|The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity]], [[Gibraltar]] (1825–1832) an early example of Moorish revival architecture is located in Gibraltar, which formed part of Moorish [[Al-Andalus]] between 711 and 1462 AD.

* [[Immaculate Conception Church (New Orleans)]], (a.k.a. Jesuit Church) is a striking example of Moorish Revival Architecture. Across the street was the College of the Immaculate Conception, housing a chapel with two stained glass domes. The chapel was disassembled and about half of it (one of the stained glass domes, eleven of the windows) was installed in the present Jesuit High School.

* [[St Andrew's Church, Tangier|St Andrew's Church]], is an [[Anglican church]] in [[Tangier]], [[Morocco]]. Consecrated in 1905, the church is within the [[Archdeacons in the Diocese in Europe#Archdeacons of Gibraltar|Archdeaconry of Gibraltar]]. The building is constructed in a [[Moorish architecture|Moorish]] revival architectural style.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.lma.gov.uk/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/LMA_OPAC/web_detail/REFD+CLC~2F386?SESSIONSEARCH|title=St Andrew's Church, Tangier|publisher=London Metropolitan Archives|accessdate=3 January 2021}}</ref>

==ShrinersShrines Templesand temples==

[[File:Murat Centre 2.JPG|thumb|right|[[Murat Shrine]], Indianapolis, Indiana]]

[[Image:Tripoli Shrine Temple.jpg|thumb|right| [[Tripoli Shrine Temple]], Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]

The [[Shriners]], a fraternal organization, often chose a Moorish Revival style for their Temples. Architecturally notable Shriners Temples include:

* [[Acca Temple Shrine]], Richmond, Virginia, currently Altria Theater, formerly 'The Landmark Theater' and 'The Mosque'

* [[Algeria Shrine Temple]], Helena, Montana

* [[Almas Temple]], Washington D.C.

* [[El Zaribah Shrine Auditorium]], Phoenix, Arizona

* [[Jaffa Shrine Center]], [[Altoona, Pennsylvania]]

* Jerusalem Temple, New Orleans, Louisiana, built at 1137 St. Charles Avenue in 1918 by architect Emile Weil.

* [[Medinah Temple]], Chicago, Illinois now a [[Bloomingdale's]].

* [[Murat Shrine]], Indianapolis, Indiana, the largest Shrine temple in North America, now officially known as Old National Centre.

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* [[Zembo Shrine Building|Zembo Mosque]], a [[Masonic Temple]] in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

* The [[Scottish Rites Temple, Santa Fe, New Mexico|Scottish Rite Temple in Santa Fe, New Mexico]], while not a Shrine Temple, is a Masonic building that uses the Moorish Revival architectural style.

* Karem Shrine Temple, Waco, Texas; now Hotel 1928

==Other buildings==

* Building of the Regional historical museum in [[Kardzhali]], [[Bulgaria]], 1922–1930

* Palace of Manguinhos, site of the [[Oswaldo Cruz Foundation]], in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1905–1918

* "Mosque" shaped steam-generation plant in [[Sanssouci Park]], Potsdam, Prussia, 1842

* The [[Zacherlfabrik]], Vienna, 1892

* City hall, [[Brcko]], Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1892

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* [[Gimnazija Mostar|Mostar Gymnasium]], Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1902

* Former [[Yenidze|Yenidze Cigarette Factory]], Dresden, Germany, 1908 (here, the "minarets" are used to disguise smokestacks)

* [[Gedung Sate]], Bandung, Indonesia, 1924

* [[Casamaures]], Saint-Martin-le-Vinoux, France, 1855

* [[Villa Zorayda]], St. Augustine, FL, 1883

* [[Campo Pequeno bullring]], Lisbon, 1892

* [[Henry B. Plant Museum]], Tampa, FL, 1891

* Karlo Helmbold's House (Šeherezada), Zrenjanin, Serbia, by Ištvan Bart, 1900

* Atwater water treatment plant, [[Canal de l'Aqueduc]], Montreal, QC, 1912–18

* [[Scroll and Key]] Hall (Yale senior society building, New Haven, CT; 1869 and 1901)

* [[Palacio de Valle]] in [[Cienfuegos]], [[Cuba]] (1913–17)

* [[The Citadel]], a military college in [[Charleston, South Carolina]]

== Gallery ==

{{see also|Neo-Mudéjar#Gallery}}

<gallery widths="170px" heights="170px">

File:BarroneImmaculateOct07Lowfasc.jpg|[[Immaculate Conception Church (New Orleans)]], 1851, rebuilt 1930

File:Leopoldstädter Tempel 1858.jpg|[[Leopoldstädter Tempel]], Vienna, Austria, 1858

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File:Firenze synagoga 2009.JPG|[[Florence]] synagogue, Italy, 1882

File:Turin Synagogue 1.JPG|[[Turin]] synagogue, Italy, 1884

File:Fabric Synagogue in Timisoara Romania.jpg| [[Fabric New Synagogue in Timişoara]], Romania, 1889

File:Old Tampa Bay Hotel.jpg|[[Henry B. Plant Museum|Tampa Bay Hotel]], [[Tampa, Florida]], 1891

File:Grand Choral Synagogue of SPB.jpg|The [[Grand Choral Synagogue]], [[St. Petersburg]], Russia, 1893

File:PilsenSynagogue.JPG|[[Great Synagogue (Plzeň)|Great Synagogue]], [[Plzeň]], Czech Republic, 1893

File:Church of Our Lady of Victory of Tétouan.jpg|[[Church of Our Lady of Victory (Tetouan)|Tétouan Catholic Church]], built during the [[Spanish protectorate in Morocco]], and still active today<ref>{{cite book|title=Lonely Planet Morocco| first= Lorna |last=Parkes|year= 2017| isbn=9781787010093| page =111 |publisher=Lonely Planet|quote=Nuestra Señora de las Victorias Church: This Roman Catholic church was built in 1926 and is still active. We can't think of another place in Morocco where church bells sound the hour.}}</ref><ref name=pdf>{{cite web|url=https://diocesistanger.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Memoria-Tetuan.pdf|title=Iglesia Parroquial Ntra. Sra. de las Victorias Tetuán - Marruecos|date=20 January 2017|publisher=DiocesisTanger.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insightguides.com/destinations/africa-middle-east/morocco/the-rif/tetouan|title=Tetouan travel guide|date=20 January 2017|publisher=insightguides.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tangerport.com/en/excursions-at-tetouan/|title=Excursions from Tangier: Tetouan|date=20 January 2017|publisher=tangerport}}</ref>

File:Sarajevo Vijecnica 2013.JPG|[[Vijećnica|National Library]], [[Sarajevo]], Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1894

Image:Castelo fiocruz panoramico (cropped).jpg|The Palace of Manguinhos in [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil

File:Likani Palace.JPG|[[Likani]] Palace, Georgia, 1895

File:Dulber Palace.JPG|[[Dulber]], [[Koreiz]], [[Crimea]], 1897

File:Moscow Vozdvizhenka Morozov House 08-2016.jpg|[[Arseny Morozov House]], [[Moscow]], Russia, 1899

File:Šeherezada.jpg|Karlo Helmbold's House (Šeherezada) by Ištvan Bart in [[Zrenjanin]], [[Serbia]], 1900

File:Former Jewish Hospital in Lviv, Ukraine.jpg|Former Jewish Hospital in [[Lviv]], Ukraine, 1901

File:Gimnazija Mostar.jpg|[[Mostar Gymnasium]], [[Mostar]], Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1902

File:Dresden Yenidze2.jpg|[[Yenidze]] Tobacco Factory, [[Dresden]], Germany, 1907

File:Sinagoga Bet Israel.jpg|Bet Israel Synagogue, [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]], 1908

File:Синагога Ужгород.jpg|[[Uzhgorod Synagogue]], 1910

File:Синагога Ужгород.jpg|[[Uzhhorod Synagogue]], 1910

File:MoorishSantaFe2.jpg|[[Scottish Rite Temple (Santa Fe, New Mexico)|Scottish Rite Temple]], [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]], 1912

File:Синагога Смоленск.jpg|[[Choral Synagogue (Smolensk)]], 1917

File:SkopjeArapska X4kukja 2015 (5).JPG|Hotel Jadran (Arabian house) in [[Skopje]], [[RepublicNorth of Macedonia|Macedonia]], 1938

File:Praça de Touros do Campo Pequeno September 2014.jpg|[[:en:Campo Pequeno bullring|Campo Pequeno bullring]] in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]],1892.

File:655070 muzeum w zamku Kórnik (1).jpg|[[Kórnik Castle]], Poland

File:Scroll and Key Society building, Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut). Front and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd floors. Elevation and plans LCCN2013648230.jpg|Scroll and Key Hall; New Haven, Connecticut (Yale senior society building). This is a proposed plan of ca. 1867. Only far left structure was built.

File:Kardzhali History Museum, Историчеки музей Кърджали.jpg|History Museum, [[Kardzhali]], Bulgaria

</gallery>

==See also==

{{Portal|Architecture}}

* [[Moorish Revival architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]

* [[Islamic architecture]]

* [[Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture]]

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==Sources==

* {{Cite book |author=Naylor, David, ''|title=Great American Movie Theaters'', |publisher=The Preservation Press, |___location=Washington, D.C., |year=1987 |isbn=9780891331278}}

* {{Cite book |author=Thorne, Ross, ''|title=Picture Palace Architecture in Australia'', |publisher=Sun Books Pty. Ltd., |___location=South Melbourne, Australia, |year=1976 |isbn=072510225X }}

== External links ==

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{{Revivals}}

{{African architecture styles}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Moorish Revival architecture| ]]

[[Category:Architectural styles]]

[[Category:Revival architectural styles]]

[[Category:Spanish Revival architecture| ]]<!---no Spanish Revival articles yet, linking here to find its category-lists--->