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{{Infobox
|settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Colombia|Municipality]] and city
|official_name =
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_skyline = Ciudad de Aguachica César.jpg
|imagesize = 275px
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal = Escudo de Colombia (en Blanco y Negro).png
|image_map = Colombia - Cesar - Aguachica.svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location in the Department of Cesar. Municipality (
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|subdivision_type =
|subdivision_type1 = [[
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Caribbean Region of Colombia|Caribbean]]
|
|leader_title = [[List of mayors of Aguachica|Mayor]]
|leader_name = Vacant
|established_title = Foundation
|established_date =
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|area_water_percent =
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|population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/colombia/admin/cesar/20011__aguachica/ Citypopulation.de] Population of Aguachica municipality</ref>
|population_note =
|population_total =
|population_metro =
|population_urban = 103209
|
|population_density_urban_km2 = auto
|population_demonym =
|timezone =
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|8|18|45|N|73|37|37|W|display=inline}}
|elevation_m = 162
|
|website = [https://archive.today/20121129184025/http://www.aguachica-cesar.gov.co/sitio.shtml Official website] {{in lang|es}}
|footnotes =
}}
'''Aguachica''' ({{IPA|es|aɣwaˈtʃika}}), is a
In terms of transportation infrastructure, its geographically strategic position connects the Colombian Caribbean with the Santanderes through the Ruta del Sol, and is also a key communication point for the Catatumbo region via National Route 70. It also has air transportation through the Hacaritama Airport, a railway system, and in parallel with the Magdalena River waterway through the port of Gamarra.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://repositoriocdim.esap.edu.co/bitstream/handle/123456789/21685/25900-1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Plan de Desarrollo Municipio de Aguachica-Cesar (in Spanish) - Aguachica-Cesar Municipality Development Plan|access-date=February 10, 2023|website=Centro Documental e Información Municipal – CDIM, 2012}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:Ciudad de Aguachica César.jpg|thumb|upright|right|280px|[[Serranía de Los Motilones]] from Aguachica]]
The municipality is located south of the [[Cesar Department]], between the [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Cordillera Oriental]] [[Andes|Andean]] mountains and the [[Magdalena River]]. The municipality of Aguachica borders to the north with the municipality of [[La Gloria, Cesar|La Gloria]] and the [[Department of North Santander]] (municipality of [[El Carmen, Norte de Santander|El Carmen]]); to the east with the municipality of [[Río de Oro, Cesar|Rio de Oro]]; to the south with Rio de Oro once again, with the municipality of [[San Martín, Cesar|San Martín]] and the [[Department of Santander]] (municipality of [[Puerto Wilches]]) and to the west with the municipality of [[Gamarra, Cesar|Gamarra]] and the [[Department of Bolívar]] (municipality of [[Morales, Bolívar|Morales]]) covering a total area of 876 km<sup>2</sup>, 3.8% of the total area of the Department of Cesar.<ref name="alcaldiadeaguachica.gov.co">[http://www.alcaldiadeaguachica.gov.co/generalidades/parte1.pdf Townhall of Aguachica: Generalities: Geography] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070731163050/http://www.alcaldiadeaguachica.gov.co/generalidades/parte1.pdf |date=July 31, 2007 }}</ref>
The northern area of the municipality is mountainous part of the Cordillera Oriental mountain range with altitude varying between the 200 m and 2,150 m over sea level. The southern area of the municipality of Aguachica is predominantly flat with two major rivers flowing through the region; the [[Magdalena River]] and the [[Lebrija River]].<ref name="alcaldiadeaguachica.gov.co"/>
==History==
===Pre-Columbian===
The territory of present-day Aguachica was inhabited by [[amerindian]] [[Chimila people|Chimila]] tribes, before the Spanish conquerors arrived. This tribe was later brutally decimated by the Spanish.
===Spanish conquest and colonization===
During the first decades of the 17th century, the area was established as the [[Hacienda]] de San Roque by the Spanish and was owned by Don Antonio Garia de Bonilla, but due to pests and illnesses the settlement was moved a few hundred meters to the south. By 1722 the settlement had grown in the middle of an hacienda predominantly owned by Don Casimiro Ramos de Barahona (also spelled Barahoja). The settlement was serving now as a rest area for merchants traveling to and from the nearby fluvial port town of [[Gamarra, Cesar|Gamarra]] and [[Ocaña, Colombia|Ocaña]] (present-day [[Department of North Santander]]).<ref name="ReferenceA">[http://www.alcaldiadeaguachica.gov.co/generalidades/parte1.pdf Townhall of Aguachica: Generalities: History] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070731163050/http://www.alcaldiadeaguachica.gov.co/generalidades/parte1.pdf |date=July 31, 2007 }}</ref>
On 1748, the settlement received the royal grant in favor of Jose Lazaro de Rivera and established as a Roman Catholic [[parish]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banrep.gov.co/sites/default/files/publicaciones/archivos/DTSER-42.pdf|title=Aguachica: Centro Agroindustrial del Cesar (in Spanish) - Aguachica: Cesar Agroindustrial Center|access-date=February 10, 2023|website=Banco de la República, María M. Aguilera Díaz, Cartagena de Indias, February, 2004}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/> By this time the Spanish conqueror [[Jose Fernando de Mier y Guerra]] was ordered to "pacify" the [[Chimila people|Chimila]] indigenous groups and to reorganize some villages in the basin of the Magdalena river. These foundations and re-foundations were approved back then by [[José Alfonso Pizarro]] [[viceroy]] of the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]] between 1749 and 1753. In 1753 the Spanish ordered the construction of houses in Aguachica and was made part of the Government of Santa Marta.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
Between 1798 and 1804 a [[Plague (disease)|plague]] swept most of the population causing the village to move to its present ___location. In 1914 became a municipality.<ref>{{in lang|es}} Cesar 30 Años de Progreso – Gobernación del Cesar (1997). -Page 19-</ref>
=== The Republic===
By 1850 the first migrants arrived to Aguachica largely attracted by the plantations of [[coffee]] in neighboring Ocaña, [[Sovereign State of Santander]] and also introduced agricultural and farming practices for commerce in the region. During the 1920s, [[Petroleum]] deposits were found in the area triggering another wave of migrants mostly from the neighboring departments of Colombia; [[Department of Antioquia|Antioquia]], [[Department of Caldas|Caldas]], [[Department of Santander|Santander]], [[Department of North Santander|North Santander]] and [[Department of Boyacá|Boyaca]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
During the 1950s the construction of the highway and the Magdalena railroad turned Aguachica into a strategic area between the [[Andean Region of Colombia|Andean region]] and [[Caribbean Region of Colombia|Caribbean region]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The 1960s were marked by the migration of people from the [[Department of Tolima]] mostly farmers interested in exploiting the land, developing large plantations of [[cotton]], [[sorghum]], [[rice]], among other products. The economy grew, developing an economy based on agricultural products, commerce and services.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
====Colombian armed conflict====
{{See also|Colombian armed conflict}}
During the 1980s and early 1990s the region was influenced by the [[Colombian armed conflict]] producing the displacement of people from the countryside and from neighboring regions of the southern [[Department of Bolívar]] and the Department of Cesar into the municipality seat.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
==Politics==
===Administrative divisions===
The municipality of Aguachica is subdivided into [[Barrio]]s, Corregimientos (9) and Veredas (64).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montes |first=Henry |date=2019 |title=Estudio Técnico para determinar potencialidades naturales y turísticas en el municipio de Aguachica |trans-title=Technical study to determine the natural and tourist potential of the municipality of Aguachica. |url=https://camaraaguachica.org.co/static/img/turistico.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918194809/https://camaraaguachica.org.co/static/img/turistico.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Cámara de Comercio de Aguachica |page=9 |language=es }}</ref>
====[[Corregimiento]]s====
Barranca de Lebrija, Buturama, Campo Amalia, El Juncal, Loma de Corredor, Norean, Puerto Patiño, Santa Lucía, Villa de San Andrés (El Totumal).
====[[Vereda]]s====
Barcelona, Bombiadero, Cañada Ospina, Caracol, Costa Rica, El Corral, El Tope, Esmeralda Alta, Honduras, Cascabela, La Pajuila, La Ye, Las Bateas, Las Margaritas, Los Caliches, Los Llanos, Marinilla, Palmira, Peralonso, Soledad, Quebrada Seca, San Benito, San José, San Pablo, Santa Inés, Bella Vista, Campoalegre, Caño Caracolí, Cerro de los Bustos, El Carbón, El Faro, Esmeralda, Guaduas, La Bocatoma, Santo Domingo, La Unión, La Yegüerita, Las Latas, Las Piñas, Los Columpios, Maligüal, Palenquillo, Peñoncito, Planadas – Limoncito, Sabana de Caballeros, Puros Altos, San Francisco, San Lorenzo, San Pedro, La Ceiba, Cerro Bravo, La Morena, Las Adjuntas, Lucaicál, San Miguel, Santa Lucia, Villa Nueva, Boquerón, Cerro Redondo, La Campana, La Yegüera, Mucuras, Santa Bárbara, Santa Rosa.
== Heritage Sites ==
Aguachica has religious sites such as Cerro de la Cruz ({{Lit|The Cross Hill|i=yes|lk=yes}}) in which religious traditions are practiced<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-11-07 |title=Aguachica la ciudad de los morrocoyes |url=https://caracol.com.co/emisora/2018/11/07/bucaramanga/1541602077_789671.html |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Caracol Radio |language=es}}</ref> and where the pilgrimage of parishioners from the municipality begins,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ángel |first=Miguel |title=Un rincón para las memorias que cuentan al municipio de Aguachica |url=https://www.radionacional.co/cultura/un-rincon-para-las-memorias-que-cuentan-al-municipio-de-aguachica |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=[[Radio Nacional de Colombia]]}}</ref> in addition to the San Roque Parish, this building, built in the hacienda of the same name, is considered the starting point of the establishment of the church<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aguilera |first=María |date=2004 |title=Aguachica: Centro Agroindustrial del Cesar |url=https://www.banrep.gov.co/sites/default/files/publicaciones/archivos/DTSER-42.pdf |website=[[Bank of the Republic (Colombia)|Centro de Estudios Economicos Regionales del Banco de la República]] |page=10 |quote=La hacienda San Roque de Aguachica se considera como el punto de partida del surgimiento de la parroquia de Aguachica, pero no hay un respaldo histórico sobre la fecha de su fundación [The San Roque de Aguachica hacienda is considered to be the starting point for the emergence of the parish of Aguachica, but there is no historical support for the date of its foundation]}}</ref> and history of Aguachica.<ref name=":0" /> In the book "Floresta de la Santa Iglesia Catedral de la Ciudad y Provincia de Santa Marta" by José Nicolás de la Rosa, which was written between 1736 and 1738, is one of the first records documenting the existence of the San Roque Parish.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martínez Ubárnez |first=Simón |title=Orígen : el César y sus municipios |date=2003 |publisher=Editorial Ápice |others=Jorge Iguarán Aguilar |isbn=958-33-5122-9 |___location=Colombia |pages=17 |language=es |oclc=1120349552 |quote=}}</ref> By 1748, Aguachica was officially assigned as a parish.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roselli |first=Diego Andrés |title=Historias de Aguachica: de su desarrollo, sus leyendas y grandes personajes |url=https://panoramacultural.com.co/historia/7901/historias-de-aguachica-de-su-desarrollo-sus-leyendas-y-grandes-personajes |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Panorama Cultural |language=es}}</ref> Another religious temple in Aguachica is the Church of Maria Auxiliadora established by the [[Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus|Comboni Missionaries]], who in 1992, entered Aguachica to accompany the population, in 2006, the structure of the church was completed and was handed over to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ocaña|Diocese of Ocaña]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montes |first=Henry |date=2019 |title=Estudio Técnico para determinar potencialidades naturales y turísticas en el municipio de Aguachica |trans-title=Technical study to determine the natural and tourist potential of the municipality of Aguachica. |url=https://camaraaguachica.org.co/static/img/turistico.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918194809/https://camaraaguachica.org.co/static/img/turistico.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Cámara de Comercio de Aguachica |page=29 |language=es }}</ref> Another heritage site is the Eladio Vargas Cultural Center, which is in charge of documenting and preserving the history, traditions, culture and folkloric aspects of Aguachica, which has been in existence for more than 18 years.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2010-12-06 |title=Concejo de Aguachica exalta al Grupo Folclórico Buturama por sus logros culturales en Colombia |url=https://elpilon.com.co/concejo-de-aguachica-exalta-al-grupo-folclorico-buturama-por-sus-logros-culturales-en-colombia/ |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=El Pilón |language=es}}</ref>
== Nature Reserves ==
Aguachica has a natural reserve of the Agüil Forest, which has 40 different species of butterflies and 88 types of birds.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Bosque del Agüil (Aguachica - Cesar), biodiversidad, educación ambiental y conservación |date=2012 |publisher=CORPOCESAR |others=J. Orlando Rangel Ch. |isbn=978-958-761-198-4 |edition=1st |___location=Bogotá |oclc=915491965}}</ref> Currently the forest has 8 hectares in which there are 200 different species of plants.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Corpocesar lidera alianza para preservar al bosque El Agüil |url=https://www.larepublica.co/responsabilidad-social/corpocesar-lidera-alianza-para-preservar-al-bosque-el-aguil-2019329 |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Diario La República |language=es}}</ref> One of the main types of flowers found in the forest are [[Acalypha]], [[Machaerium (plant)|Machaerium]] and [[Solanum]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gónzalez |first1=J. D. |title=Composición florística del bosque el Agüil (Aguachica, Cesar) con anotaciones sobre su estructura |last2=Rivera Díaz |first2=O. |publisher=Universidad Nacional de Colombia |year=2009 |page=575}}</ref>
==Demographics==
In the 2005 Census by the [[DANE Colombia|DANE]] the municipality of Aguachica had a total population of 80,789.<ref name="dane.gov.co">[http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/regiones/cesar/aguachica.pdf DANE 2005 Census: Aguachica] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
The majority of the population 51% is female while 49% are male. Of these 0.1% considered itself of indigenous ancestry and 3.7% of [[Afro-Colombian]] ancestry.<ref name="ReferenceB">[http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/perfiles/cesar/aguachica.pdf 2005 DANE Census: Demographic statistics Municipality of Aguachica] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
87% of these 80,789 people living in houses, while 2.1% lived in apartment buildings and 10% in rented rooms. 4.8% of these homes were also used for home businesses. 90% of the municipality of Aguachica had electricity, 73% with sewage service, 87% had aqueduct services, 50% had natural gas services installed at home while 30% percent had a telephone line.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
==Climate==
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|___location = Aguachica (Aguas Claras), elevation {{convert|208|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1981–2010)
|Jan high C = 34.3
|Feb high C = 35.0
|Mar high C = 34.7
|Apr high C = 33.3
|May high C = 32.3
|Jun high C = 32.2
|Jul high C = 32.5
|Aug high C = 32.6
|Sep high C = 31.9
|Oct high C = 31.4
|Nov high C = 31.6
|Dec high C = 32.7
| year high C = 32.9
|Jan mean C = 29.2
|Feb mean C = 29.8
|Mar mean C = 29.7
|Apr mean C = 28.8
|May mean C = 28.3
|Jun mean C = 28.1
|Jul mean C = 28.3
|Aug mean C = 28.3
|Sep mean C = 27.9
|Oct mean C = 27.5
|Nov mean C = 27.8
|Dec mean C = 28.2
| year mean C = 28.5
|Jan low C = 23.2
|Feb low C = 24.0
|Mar low C = 24.4
|Apr low C = 24.3
|May low C = 23.9
|Jun low C = 23.7
|Jul low C = 23.5
|Aug low C = 23.4
|Sep low C = 23.2
|Oct low C = 23.3
|Nov low C = 23.4
|Dec low C = 23.1
| year low C = 23.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 16.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 33.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 49.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 145.7
|May precipitation mm = 190.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 153.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 124.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 161.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 189.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 161.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 104.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 48.2
|year precipitation mm = 1372.8
| Jan precipitation days = 2
| Feb precipitation days = 3
| Mar precipitation days = 5
| Apr precipitation days = 12
| May precipitation days = 14
| Jun precipitation days = 12
| Jul precipitation days = 13
| Aug precipitation days = 14
| Sep precipitation days = 15
| Oct precipitation days = 14
| Nov precipitation days = 10
| Dec precipitation days = 5
| year precipitation days = 116
| Jan humidity = 74
| Feb humidity = 70
| Mar humidity = 72
| Apr humidity = 77
| May humidity = 82
| Jun humidity = 82
| Jul humidity = 80
| Aug humidity = 80
| Sep humidity = 81
| Oct humidity = 82
| Nov humidity = 82
| Dec humidity = 78
| year humidity = 78
|Jan sun = 251.1
|Feb sun = 211.7
|Mar sun = 182.9
|Apr sun = 147.0
|May sun = 155.0
|Jun sun = 174.0
|Jul sun = 204.6
|Aug sun = 192.2
|Sep sun = 171.0
|Oct sun = 164.3
|Nov sun = 171.0
|Dec sun = 213.9
|year sun =
|Jand sun = 8.1
|Febd sun = 7.5
|Mard sun = 5.9
|Aprd sun = 4.9
|Mayd sun = 5.0
|Jund sun = 5.8
|Juld sun = 6.6
|Augd sun = 6.2
|Sepd sun = 5.7
|Octd sun = 5.3
|Novd sun = 5.7
|Decd sun = 6.9
|yeard sun =
|source 1 = [[Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia)|Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales]]<ref name=IDEAM1>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos++1981+-+2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815025712/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios%2BClimatol%C3%B3gicos%2B%2B1981%2B-%2B2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128
|archive-date=15 August 2016
|title=Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010
|publisher=Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales
|language=es
|access-date= 17 June 2024
|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
*{{in lang|es}} [https://archive.today/20121129184025/http://www.aguachica-cesar.gov.co/sitio.shtml Aguachica official website]
*{{in lang|es}} [http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/perfiles/cesar/aguachica.pdf 2005 Census: Aguachica]
*{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080925232621/http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/publicacionesbanrep/boletin/boleti5/bol27/agua.htm Luis Angel Arango Library: Aguachica y algodón: historias paralelas]
{{Coord|8|19|N|73|38|W|region:CO_type:city|display=title}}
{{Municipalities Cesar Department}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Aguachica| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Cesar Department]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1748]]
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