Penis enlargement: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:06, 2 December 2004

Latest revision as of 21:50, 29 May 2025

Line 1:

{{Short description|Technique aimed to increase the size of a human penis}}

'''Penis enlargement''' is the goal of a number of men dissatisfied for some reason with their [[penis size]]. In general, where there is a perceived problem with penis size, ''medical advice should be sought'', rather than attempting self-treatment. Most self-treatment methods are believed to be either ineffective or dangerous, or both.

{{distinguish|erection}}

{{pp|small=yes}}

[[File:Gray1154.png|thumb|Penile enlargement procedures are designed to increase the size of the cavernous cylinders of the penis or to stimulate blood flow to increase hardness.]]

'''Penis enlargement''', or '''male enhancement''', is any technique aimed to increase the [[Human penis size|size of a human penis]]. Some methods aim to increase total length, others the shaft's girth, and yet others the [[Glans penis|glans]] and [[foreskin]] size.<ref name="Urology 2023">{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=MK |last2=Shahinyan |first2=G |last3=Sigalos |first3=JT |last4=Mills |first4=JN |last5=Eleswarapu |first5=SV |date=May 2023 |title=Penile and Foreskin Stretching Practices Through Time and Culture |journal=[[Urology (journal)|Urology]] |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=175 |pages=2–5 |doi=10.1016/j.urology.2023.02.018 |doi-access=free |pmid=36868413 |issn=0090-4295 |s2cid=257305118}}</ref> Techniques include [[surgery]], supplements, [[Topical medication|ointments]], patches, and physical methods like pumping, [[jelqing]], and traction.<ref name="Urology 2023"/>

A survey by sexologists showed that almost all men who believed that their [[penis]] was of inadequate size actually had a normal-sized penis. Most sexologists believe that a desire for penis enlargement comes from some other source of anxiety or perceived inadequacy.

Surgical penis enlargement methods can be effective; however, such methods carry risks of complications and are not medically indicated except in cases involving a micropenis. [[Minimally invasive procedure|Non-invasive methods]] have received little scientific study, and most lack scientific evidence of effectiveness.<ref name="Urology 2023"/> However, limited scientific evidence supports some elongation by prolonged traction.<ref name="Urology 2023"/><ref name=O-and-G>{{cite journal | vauthors = Oderda M, Gontero P | title = Non-invasive methods of penile lengthening: fact or fiction? | journal = BJU International | volume = 107 | issue = 8 | pages = 1278–1282 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 20868389 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09647.x | doi-access = free }}</ref> Some [[Quackery|quack products]] may improve penis erection, mistaken by consumers for penis enlargement.

A very few men have very small penes: this is known as a [[micropenis]], and is a very unusual condition which will generally have been detected in early childhood. Penis-enlargement self-treatments are not effective on this condition.

=== Surgical methods ===

Many commercial [[advertisement]]s are sent via [[e-mail]] [[spamming|spam]], direct mail, and in sexually-oriented magazines for penis enlargement aids. These are almost universally misleading and in the case of e-mail spam, are perceived as disturbing or offensive by many users.

[[File:Penis Enlargement Sign in Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Such advertisements are common in [[South Africa]].]]

There are several surgical penis enlargement treatments, most of which carry a risk of significant complications.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Levine LA, Becher EF, Bella AJ, Brant WO, Kohler TS, Martinez-Salamanca JI, Trost L, Morey AF | display-authors = 6 | title = Penile Prosthesis Surgery: Current Recommendations From the International Consultation on Sexual Medicine | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | volume = 13 | issue = 4 | pages = 489–518 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 27045255 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.01.017 }}</ref> Procedures by unlicensed surgeons can lead to serious complications.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.psurg.com/nationalpost-2001-05-02.html|title=The beauty butchers| vauthors = Blatchford C |author-link=Christie Blatchford |date=May 2, 2001|newspaper=[[National Post]]|access-date=July 14, 2014}}</ref>

Surgical penis enlargement methods include penile augmentation and [[Suspensory ligament of penis|suspensory ligament release]]. Penile augmentation involves injecting fat cells into the penis or grafting fat cells onto the penis. Injecting fat cells into the penis can cause swelling and deformity; in some instances, removal of the penis may be necessary. Grafting fat cells onto the penis can be effective; however, the increase in size may disappear over time. Suspensory ligament release increases flaccid penis length, but does not increase the length of an erect penis<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4tiyNn2B9EC&pg=RA1-PA657|page=657|title=Plastic Surgery|volume=6|edition=3d| veditors = Neligan PC |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4377-1733-4}}</ref> and can create problems with sexual function.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323688.php|title=Does penis enlargement work? Methods and effectiveness| vauthors = Barrell A |website=[[Medical News Today]]|date=12 January 2020|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>

== Self-treatment methods ==

The [[American Urological Association]] (AUA) and the Urology Care Foundation "consider subcutaneous fat injection for increasing penile girth to be a procedure which has not been shown to be safe or efficacious. The AUA also considers the division of the suspensory ligament of the penis for increasing penile length in adults to be a procedure which has not been shown to be safe or efficacious."<ref name=aua>{{Cite web|url=https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/penile-augmentation-surgery|title=Penile Augmentation Surgery|website=[[American Urological Association]]|language=en|access-date=1 March 2020

===Cosmetic===

}}</ref> Both statements were first published in January 1994 and re-affirmed ever since.<ref name=aua /> Complications from penis enlargement procedures include [[fibrosis|scarring]] that may lead, ultimately, to penis shrinkage or [[erectile dysfunction]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nugteren HM, Balkema GT, Pascal AL, Schultz WC, Nijman JM, van Driel MF | title = Penile enlargement: from medication to surgery | journal = Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy | volume = 36 | issue = 2 | pages = 118–123 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20169492 | doi = 10.1080/00926230903554453 | s2cid = 39984361 }}</ref><ref name=Vardi>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vardi Y | title = Is penile enlargement an ethical procedure for patients with a normal-sized penis? | journal = European Urology | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 609–611 | date = April 2006 | pmid = 16439051 | doi = 10.1016/j.eururo.2005.12.053 }}</ref>

Rather than attempt to change the actual size of the penis, one may make it ''appear'' bigger, by trimming the [[pubic hair]] or by losing weight, if one is [[overweight]].

Other surgical treatments include the injection of [[dermal filler]]s, [[silicone gel]], or [[Poly(methyl methacrylate)|PMMA]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shamsodini A, Al-Ansari AA, Talib RA, Alkhafaji HM, Shokeir AA, Toth C | title = Complications of penile augmentation by use of nonmedical industrial silicone | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = 3279–3283 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 22145947 | doi = 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02563.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fukuda H, Endo H, Katsuzaki J, Mukai H | title = Development of nodules on the glans penis due to hyaluronic acid filler injection | journal = European Journal of Dermatology | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 416–417 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 26081014 | doi = 10.1684/ejd.2015.2600 | s2cid = 41634996 }}</ref> Dermal fillers are also not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the penis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/productsandmedicalprocedures/cosmeticdevices/wrinklefillers/default.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604113159/http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/CosmeticDevices/WrinkleFillers/default.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 4, 2009|title=Dermal Fillers (Soft Tissue Fillers) | author = Center for Devices and Radiological Health|website=www.fda.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-03-14}}</ref> Injectables such as hyaluronic acid and polyactic acid have shown some limited efficacy, however the Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA) "strongly recommends against" permanent fillers such as paraffins and silicone.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trost |first1=Landon |last2=Watter |first2=Daniel |last3=Carrier |first3=Serge |last4=Khera |first4=Mohit |last5=Yafi |first5=Faysal |last6=Bernie |first6=Helen |last7=Ziegelmann |first7=Matthew |last8=Köhler |first8=Tobias |title=Cosmetic penile enhancement procedures: an SMSNA position statement |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |date=April 23, 2024 |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=573–578 |doi=10.1093/jsxmed/qdae045 |pmid=38654638 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

===Traction===

The only effective nonsurgical method to lengthen the penis is by employing devices that pull at the glans of the penis for extended periods of time. This is known as traction; where tissues under continuous tension will undergo cellular multiplication. The result is tissue expansion, resulting in a permanent increase of the tissue. If the applied tension is too large, injury to the tissues or nerves of the penis can result.

Because of great risk and uncertainty, medical professionals are generally skeptical of penile enlargement and avoid attempting it.<ref name=Vardi/><ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Griffin RM | url=https://www.webmd.com/men/features/penis-enlargement-does-it-work | title=Penis enlargement: Does it work? |year=2010 |website=WebMD | access-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref> A 2019 study in ''Sexual Medicine Reviews'' found that surgical methods of penis enlargement are typically ineffective and can be damaging to both physical and mental health.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20190513/Penis-enlargement-surgery-ineffective-and-potentially-dangerous.aspx|title=Penis enlargement surgery ineffective and potentially dangerous|date=July 9, 2020|website=News-Medical.net| vauthors = Ratan NM }}</ref> The authors found that such treatments are "'supported by scant, low-quality evidence... Injectables and surgery should remain a last option, considered unethical outside of clinical trials'".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/penis-extensions-are-ineffective-and-risky-leave-men-mercy-charlatans-study-1421829|title=Penis enlargements are "ineffective and risky" and leave men at mercy of charlatans, study finds| vauthors = Kashmira G | date=May 10, 2019|website=Newsweek}}</ref> According to the study, "'overall treatment outcomes were poor, with low satisfaction rates and significant risk of major complications, including penile deformity, shortening, and erectile dysfunction'".<ref name="auto1"/>

===Pills===

"Penis enlargement pills" or ointments are commonly offered over the Internet; for the most part, they are [[scam]]s. At best, they promote blood flow to the penis in one way or another, temporarily resulting in a slightly larger erection.

===Penis pump===

Another method usually referred to in advertising is the '''penis pump'''. This is a cylinder that is fitted over the penis, and a pump creates a vacuum. These are valuable sexual aids for men who have difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection, as they can be used to achieve an erection, with a compressive ring on the base of the penis then maintaining the erection. However, their efficacy at increasing absolute penis size is marginal. They apparently have no measurable effect on shaft size. There may be some possibility of achieving a slight increase in size of the [[glans penis]], but this may come at the cost of a roughened and coarsened texture of the [[mucous membrane]] covering the glans. Excessive use of these devices can also cause burst blood vessels. Attempts at using vacuum cleaner base units for this purpose have resulted in severe damage when the fan of the vacuum cleaner is contacted.

===Jelqing===

Another method is known as '''jelqing''' or '''jelquing'''. Depending on the source, this technique is variously said to have its roots in tribal Africa, or the Middle East. In jelqing, the penis is milked from root to glans while in a semi-erect state, thus encouraging more vascularity in the [[corpus cavernosum|corpus cavernosa]] and associated tissues. Internet claims range in gains from .25 inches to 3 inches or more in length and 1 to 5 inches in girth. The upper end of the girth claims are highly suspect and the length claims represent many years of multiple enlargement techniques. However, there have been warnings that one possible cause of the growth is the presence of scar tissue caused by the exercise, which may harm penile function.

Medical doctors do treat [[micropenis]] with surgical procedures.<ref name="auto"/> In such cases, surgery can improve urinary or sexual function.<ref name=C-and-G>{{cite journal | vauthors = Campbell J, Gillis J | title = A review of penile elongation surgery | journal = Translational Andrology and Urology | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–78 | date = February 2017 | pmid = 28217452 | pmc = 5313298 | doi = 10.21037/tau.2016.11.19 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

=== Surgical methods ===

An innovation in [[cosmetic surgery]] takes fat cells from elsewhere in the body and injects them below the surface of the skin of the shaft of the penis to increase the thickness (but not length) of the penis. The penile shaft normally has little or no fat, and this method results in an unnatural appearance and feel, as well as risking radical shifting of the fat injected.

== Supplements ==

Another method is to cut the [[basal penile ligament]], which can result in an apparent lengthening of the penis by up to two inches in some individuals. However, it also means that, while the penis elongates and hardens with an erection, it can no longer become truly erect, but only hangs. The results of this surgery vary greatly between individuals, with some subjects reporting no measurable lengthening at all.

Penis-enlargement pills, patches, and ointments are sold online. Such products are generally considered ineffective.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nugteren HM, Balkema GT, Pascal AL, Schultz WC, Nijman JM, van Driel MF | title = Penile enlargement: from medication to surgery | journal = Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy | volume = 36 | issue = 2 | pages = 118–123 | date = 2010 | pmid = 20169492 | doi = 10.1080/00926230903554453 | s2cid = 39984361 }}</ref>

== Physical techniques ==

Another method is to replace the two [[corpora cavernosa]] with '''inflatable penile implants'''. This is performed primarily as a therapeutic surgery for men suffering from complete impotence; an implanted pump in the groin can be manipulated by hand to fill these cylinders from an implanted reservoir in order to achieve an erection. The replacement cylinders are normally sized to be direct replacements for the corpus cavernosa, but larger ones can be implanted. However, the result is an uncomfortable stretching of the other penile tissues which can have a number of complications.

Physical techniques involve extension devices, hanging weights, and vacuum pressure. There is also significant overlap between techniques intended to enlarge the penis and techniques intended to achieve other, related objectives, such as reversing impotence, extending the duration of erections, or enhancing sexual climax.

=== Pumping{{anchor|Penis pump}} ===

An experimental method is a complete '''penile transplant'''. With modern techniques and anti-rejection drugs, this certainly should be possible, but there has been no record of a successful attempt until very recently, when a rather odd situation occurred in which a penis was taken from a male infant with two penises and attached to another male infant lacking a penis. The overwhelming drawback to this method, apart from the necessity to ever after take anti-rejection drugs with their side effects and restrictions in lifestyle, is the unfortunate fact that, performed on an adult, the penis then is an organ dead to the touch, which largely negates its usefulness. The ultimate consequences of the first penis transplant noted above are still unknown.

[[File:Water-based Penis Enlargement Pump.jpg|thumb|A water-based penis pump]]

Commonly called a "penis pump", a vacuum erection device, or VED, creates negative pressure that expands and thereby draws blood into the penis.<ref name=Stein-etal>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stein MJ, Lin H, Wang R | title = New advances in erectile technology | journal = Therapeutic Advances in Urology | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 15–24 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24489605 | pmc = 3891291 | doi = 10.1177/1756287213505670 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=VEDreview>{{cite journal | vauthors = Qian SQ, Gao L, Wei Q, Yuan J | title = Vacuum therapy in penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: review of hemodynamic and antihypoxic evidence | journal = Asian Journal of Andrology | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 446–451 | date = May–June 2016 | pmid = 26289397 | pmc = 4854102 | doi = 10.4103/1008-682X.159716 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Medically approved VEDs, which treat [[erectile dysfunction]], limit maximum pressure, whereas the pumps commonly bought by consumers seeking penis enlargement can reach dangerous pressure, damaging penis tissue.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Engber D | url = http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2006/06/do_penis_pumps_work.html | title = Do penis pumps work? | work = Slate | date = 29 June 2006 }}</ref> To retain tumescence after breaking the device's airtight seal, one must constrict the penis' base, but constriction worn over 30 minutes can permanently damage the penis and cause erectile dysfunction.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lehrfeld T, Lee DI | title = The role of vacuum erection devices in penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy | journal = International Journal of Impotence Research | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 158–164 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19225465 | doi = 10.1038/ijir.2009.3 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Although vacuum therapy can treat erectile dysfunction sufficiently to prevent penis deterioration and shrinkage,<ref name=VEDreview/> clinical trials have not found it effective for penis enlargement.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Min KS | chapter = Chapter 20: Penile traction therapy (penile lengthening device | veditors = Park NC, Kim SW, Moon DG | title = Penile Augmentation | publisher = Springer | date = 2016 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=T2LNCwAAQBAJ&dq=vacuum&pg=PA162 | page = 162 | isbn = 9783662467534 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Hecht SL, Hedges JC | chapter = Chapter 13: Vacuum therapy for erectile dysfunction | veditors = Köhler TS, McVary KT | title = Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide | edition = 2nd | publisher = Humana Press | date = 2016 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-57VDAAAQBAJ&dq=myth&pg=PA181 | page = 181 | isbn = 9783319315874 }}</ref>

=== Jelqing ===

The [[Romanization|latinized]] name "jelqing" is the [[Corruption (linguistic)|corrupt]] form derived from the [[Persian language|Persian]] ''jalq zadan'' (<big>جلق زدن</big>), ''jalq'' meaning "to masturbate" followed by an auxiliary verb ''zadan'' meaning "to strike, hit or throb". Performed on the halfway tumescent penis, jelqing is a manual manipulation of simultaneous squeezing and stroking the shaft from base to [[Corona of glans penis|corona]].<ref name="Urology 2023"/> Also called "milking",<ref name=Salon>{{cite news| vauthors = Salvini M |title=Size matters|url=http://www.salon.com/2005/04/12/salvini/|access-date=6 January 2013|newspaper=[[Salon (website)|Salon]]|date=12 April 2005}}</ref> the technique has [[Ancient Arab tribes|ancient Arab origins]].<ref name="Urology 2023"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wylie KR, Eardley I | title = Penile size and the 'small penis syndrome' | journal = BJU International | volume = 99 | issue = 6 | pages = 1449–1455 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17355371 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06806.x | doi-access = free }}{{open access}}</ref> Despite many anecdotal reports of success, medical evidence is absent.<ref name="Urology 2023"/><ref name=Mayoclinic>{{cite web|last=Mayo Clinic Staff|title=Penis-enlargement products|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/penis/MC00026|publisher=[[Mayo Clinic]]|access-date=6 January 2013}}</ref> Journalists have dismissed the method as biologically implausible,<ref name="Wanjek">{{cite web |date=February 20, 2007 |title=Penis enlargement products come up short |url=http://www.livescience.com/4387-penis-enlargement-products-short.html |access-date=6 January 2013 |website=livescience.com |publisher=Tech Media Network |vauthors=Wanjek C}}</ref> or even impossible. Some [[clinicians]] caution against the routine use of jelqing techniques, including excessive or aggressive manipulations of the penis, due to concerns of potential [[fibrosis]] and [[Skin plaque|plaque formation]].<ref name="Urology 2023"/> Jelqing may increase the risk of developing [[hard flaccid syndrome]], a condition characterized by a flaccid penis that remains in a firm, semi-rigid state in the absence of sexual arousal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Billis |first1=Evdokia |last2=Kontogiannis |first2=Stavros |last3=Tsounakos |first3=Spyridon |last4=Konstantinidou |first4=Eleni |last5=Giannitsas |first5=Konstantinos |date=2023-10-22 |title=Hard Flaccid Syndrome: A Biopsychosocial Management Approach with Emphasis on Pain Management, Exercise Therapy and Education |journal=Healthcare |volume=11 |issue=20 |pages=2793 |doi=10.3390/healthcare11202793 |doi-access=free |issn=2227-9032 |pmid=37893867|pmc=10606578 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hard Flaccid Syndrome Proposed to Be Secondary to Pathological Activation of a Pelvic/Pudendal-Hypogastric Reflex - American Urological Association |url=https://auanews.net/issues/articles/2023/may-2023/hard-flaccid-syndrome-proposed-to-be-secondary-to-pathological-activation-of-a-pelvic/pudendal-hypogastric-reflex |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=auanews.net}}</ref>

=== Traction ===

{{Main|Penis extender}}

[[File:Penile Traction Device.jpg|thumb|One type of traction device]]

Traction is a nonsurgical method to lengthen the penis by employing devices that pull at the glans of the penis for extended periods of time. As of 2013, the majority of research investigating the use of penile traction focuses on treating the curvature and shrinkage of the penis as a result of [[Peyronie's disease]], although some literature exists on the effects on men with short penises.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chung E, Brock G | title = Penile traction therapy and Peyronie's disease: a state of art review of the current literature | journal = Therapeutic Advances in Urology | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 59–65 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23372611 | pmc = 3547530 | doi = 10.1177/1756287212454932 }}</ref>

[[Scientific evidence]] supports some elongation by prolonged traction.<ref name=O-and-G/> There are also medical studies that indicate that the lengthening effects can be negligible.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Usta MF, Ipekci T | title = Penile traction therapy for Peyronie's disease-what's the evidence? | journal = Translational Andrology and Urology | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 303–309 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 27298777 | pmc = 4893512 | doi = 10.21037/tau.2016.03.25 | publisher = AME Publishing Company | doi-access = free }}</ref>

===External links===

* [http://www.thundersplace.com Thunders Place PE Forums]- Informational site about all aspects of penis enlargement and penis health

* [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/3077050/ Anatomy of a penis pill swindle] ([[MSNBC]], [[June 5]], [[2003]])

==Society and culture ==

[[de:Penisvergrößerung]]

Some doctors say that most men seeking penis enlargement have normal-sized penises, and many may experience ''penile [[body dysmorphic disorder|dysmorphophobia]]'' by underestimating their own penis size while overestimating the average penis size.<ref name=C-and-G/>

[[Category:Andrology]]

Products purported to enlarge one's penis were frequently promoted via [[spam email]] in the late 1990s and early 2000s.<ref name="nytspam">{{cite web | vauthors = Herrman J |title=Is Spam Trying to Tell Us Something? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/20/style/spam-email.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=8 October 2021 |date=20 August 2019}}</ref> In 2003, a log file from an e-commerce site used by one such spammer was accidentally exposed on the public Internet. It showed that they received around 6,000 orders for their herbal supplement product "Pinacle" {{sic}} in a period of four weeks, with most orders being for $100 worth of product. The US [[Federal Trade Commission]] said at the time that "there is no proof the pills work as advertised".<ref name="wiredspam">{{cite magazine | vauthors = McWilliams B |title=Swollen Orders Show Spam's Allure |url=https://www.wired.com/2003/08/swollen-orders-show-spams-allure/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>

In 2013 in Vietnam, many Vietnamese men attempted to enlarge their penises by injecting liquid [[silicone]] into them. They were hospitalized for complications such as infections, [[necrosis]], tumors, swelling, deformities, and sexual dysfunction.<ref>{{cite news |date= August 31, 2013 |title= More Vietnamese men using silicone to enlarge their penises |url= http://www.thanhniennews.com/health/more-vietnamese-men-using-silicone-to-enlarge-their-penises-1317.html |archive-url= https://archive.today/20140717211152/http://www.thanhniennews.com/health/more-vietnamese-men-using-silicone-to-enlarge-their-penises-1317.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= July 17, 2014 |newspaper= Thanh Nien News |access-date=July 14, 2014 }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Clitoral enlargement methods]]

* [[Penis reduction]]

* [[Peyronie's disease]]

* [[Plastic surgery]]

* [[Tissue expansion]]

== References ==

{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==

{{refbegin|30em}}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tealab AA, Maarouf AM, Habous M, Ralph DJ, Abohashem S | title = The use of an acellular collagen matrix in penile augmentation: A pilot study in Saudi Arabia | journal = Arab Journal of Urology | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 169–173 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 26558077 | pmc = 4442917 | doi = 10.1016/j.aju.2013.02.001 | publisher = Elsevier | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Austoni E, Guarneri A, Gatti G | title = Penile elongation and thickening--a myth? Is there a cosmetic or medical indication? | journal = Andrologia | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–51 | date = 27 April 2009 | pmid = 10643519 | doi = 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1999.tb01450.x | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Romero-Otero J, Manfredi C, Ralph D, Osmonov D, Verze P, Castiglione F, Serefoglu EC, Bozzini G, García-Gómez B | display-authors = 6 | title = Non-invasive and surgical penile enhancement interventions for aesthetic or therapeutic purposes: a systematic review | journal = BJU International | volume = 127 | issue = 3 | pages = 269–291 | date = March 2021 | pmid = 32575166 | doi = 10.1111/bju.15145 | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Marra G, Drury A, Tran L, Veale D, Muir GH | title = Systematic Review of Surgical and Nonsurgical Interventions in Normal Men Complaining of Small Penis Size | journal = Sexual Medicine Reviews | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 158–180 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 31027932 | doi = 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.01.004 | publisher = Elsevier | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wilson SK, Wen L, Egydio PH | title = Evolution of techniques for aesthetic penile enlargement during prosthesis placement: a chronicle of the Egydio non-grafting strategy | journal = International Journal of Impotence Research | date = December 2020 | volume = 35 | issue = 4 | pages = 1–8 | pmid = 33273716 | doi = 10.1038/s41443-020-00379-3 | publisher = Springer Nature | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hehemann MC, Towe M, Huynh LM, El-Khatib FM, Yafi FA | title = Penile Girth Enlargement Strategies: What's the Evidence? | journal = Sexual Medicine Reviews | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 535–547 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 30612977 | doi = 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.11.003 | publisher = Elsevier | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Vardi Y, Har-Shai Y, Harshai Y, Gil T, Gruenwald I | title = A critical analysis of penile enhancement procedures for patients with normal penile size: surgical techniques, success, and complications | journal = European Urology | volume = 54 | issue = 5 | pages = 1042–1050 | date = November 2008 | pmid = 18760874 | doi = 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.07.080 | publisher = Elsevier | doi-access = free }}

{{refend}}

{{pharmacological body alteration}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:AndrologyHuman penis]]

[[Category:Male genital modification]]