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{{short description|Sunni Islamic prayers specific to Ramadan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
[[File:Prière de Tarawih dans la Grande Mosquée de Kairouan. Ramadan 2012.jpg|thumb|Tarawih prayer at the [[Great Mosque of Kairouan]], [[Tunisia]]]]
'''Tarawih''' ({{langx|ar|التَّرَاوِيح|At-tarāwīḥ}}), also spelled '''Taraweeh''', refers to special [[Sunnah prayer|Sunnah prayers]] performed exclusively during the [[Islamic month]] of [[Ramadan]]. The prayers involve the recitation of long portions of the [[Quran]], consist of any number of even [[rak'a]] (cycles of [[prostration]] in an [[Salah|Islamic prayer]]), however most of the time either 8 or 20, and are often finished with the [[Witr]] prayer.
A key feature of Tarawih is the completion of the Quran during the month. The practice remains a significant aspect of Ramadan worship for many [[Muslims]].
== Overview ==
Tarawih prayers begin from the first Moon-sighted evening (the start of Ramadan) to second moon-sighted evening (the last day of Ramadan). This prayer is performed in congregation during Ramadan of the [[Islamic calendar]], after [[Isha prayer|Isha]] (and before [[witr]], which is also prayed following the imam, who leads the prayer aloud in one or three rakats unlike for the eleven other months).
Tarawih prayers are prayed in pairs. According to the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali schools of Sunni Islam, the standard number of rakats is twenty since it is referred to in a narration by ''[[Muwatta Imam Malik|Muwatta' Imam Malik]]'', which states, "In the time of Umar, the people used to offer 20 raka'āt." However, it clearly mentions in the before the said narration that when Umar assigned Ubay ibn Ka'b and Tamim al-Dari the duty lead the Tarawih, he ordered them to offer 11 [[rak'a|raka'āt]] (eight of Tarawih and three of witr). Sunni Muslims believe it is customary to attempt a ''takmil'' ("complete recitation" of the [[Quran]]) as one of the religious observances of [[Ramadan]], by reciting at least one ''[[juz']]'' per night in tarawih.
Tarawih prayers are considered [[Sunnah]], or meritorious but not obligatory. However, it is believed that the reward for them is great, as it is the Sunnah of [[Muhammad]] and is reported in multiple authentic [[hadiths]].
Muhammad, according to [[Abu Hurayra]] said, "Whoever stands with the imam (in Taraweeh prayer) until he finishes, it is equivalent to spending the whole night in prayer." The hadith was used as a proof by Imam [[Ahmad Bin Hanbal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/295752|title=The Taraweeh Prayer and Its Origins|work=Arab News|publisher=Susi Research & Publishing Company|date=12 March 2007|access-date=6 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Riyad as-Salihin 1187 - The Book of Virtues - كتاب الفضائل - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|url=https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:1187|access-date=2021-03-18|website=sunnah.com}}</ref>
==
{{Religious text primary|section|date=May 2018}}
Tarawih is a prayer that is mentioned in [[Sunni]] traditions as ''Qiyam al-Layl min Ramadan'' ("Standing of night in Ramadan") and ''Qiyam al-Ramadan'' ("Standing of Ramadan"). Some Sunni Muslims regard Tarawih as confirmed traditional prayers (''[[Sunnah prayer#Confirmed and non-confirmed prayers|sunnat al-mu'akkadah]]''). Other Sunni Muslims believe Tarawih is an optional prayer (''[[Nafl prayer|nafl]]'') that may be performed at home. According to that tradition, Muhammad initially and briefly prayed the Tarawih in congregations during Ramadan but discontinued the practice out of concern it would be mandated (''[[fard]]'') though he never forbade it.<ref>{{cite web|series=Book 4, Hadith 1663|url=http://sunnah.com/muslim/6/208| title=The Book of Prayer - Travellers| publisher=[[Sahih Muslim]] |access-date=1 September 2015}}</ref> When [[Umar]] was the [[caliph]], he reinstated the praying of Tarawih in congregation.<ref>{{cite web|series=Book 32, Hadith 227| publisher=[[Sahih Bukhari]]| url=http://sunnah.com/bukhari/31/3| access-date=1 September 2015|title=Praying at Night in Ramadaan (Taraweeh)}}</ref>
[[Shia]] Muslims regard congregational Tarawih as an "innovation" (''[[bid‘ah]]'') that was reintroduced by [[Umar]], according to his own words, after the death of Muhammad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sunnah.com/bukhari/31/3| title=Praying at Night in Ramadaan (Taraweeh)| publisher=[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]| series=Book 31, Hadith 3| access-date=1 September 2015}}</ref>
[[Category:Sawm]]▼
[[Category:Salat]]▼
A Shia hadith, however, is claimed to have authenticated the Sunni prayer Taraweeh, but that is disputed since not all hadiths in ''[[Kitab al-Kafi]]'' are [[sahih]] (genuine):
{{quote|‘Abu ‘Abdallah (peace be upon him) has said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and [[Ahl al-Bayt|his progeny]]) would increase his prayer during the month of Ramadan. After ''Al-‘Atmah'' (late evening prayer), he would perform more prayers. People behind would stand up [for prayer], but he would go inside and leave them. Then, after he came out, they would come and stand up behind him [for prayer], but he would leave them and go inside several times. He (the narrator) has said that the Imam then said, “You must not perform prayer after late evening prayer during the times other than the month of Ramadan.”
:—''[[Kitab al-Kafi|Al-Kafi]]'', vol. 4, p. 154-155 (declared ''sahih'' by Majlisi)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shiascans.com/2017/05/22/tarawih-proven-from-shia-books/|title = Tarawih proven from (12er) Shia books|date = 22 May 2017}}</ref>{{better source|date=March 2023}}}}
[[Muhammad al-Bukhari]] narrated regarding the Tarawih prayer in ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'':
{{quote|I went out in the company of 'Umar bin Al-Khattab one night in Ramadan to the mosque and found the people praying in different groups. A man praying alone or a man praying with a little group behind him. So, 'Umar said, “In my opinion I would better collect these [people] under the leadership of one Qari (Reciter) (i.e. let them pray in congregation!).” So, he made up his mind to congregate them behind [[Ubay ibn Ka'b|Ubai bin Ka'b]]. Then on another night I went again in his company and [saw that] the people were praying behind their reciter. On that, 'Umar remarked, “What an excellent ''bid'ah'' (i.e. innovation in religion) this is!”<ref>{{cite book |last=Muhammad al-Bukhari |author-link=Muhammad al-Bukhari |first=Muhammad |title=[[Sahih al-Bukhari]] |language=ar |page=Book 31, Ch. 1, Hadith 3, Nu. 2010 |quote=خَرَجْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ لَيْلَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ، إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَإِذَا النَّاسُ أَوْزَاعٌ مُتَفَرِّقُونَ يُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَيُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ فَيُصَلِّي بِصَلاَتِهِ الرَّهْطُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنِّي أَرَى لَوْ جَمَعْتُ هَؤُلاَءِ عَلَى قَارِئٍ وَاحِدٍ لَكَانَ أَمْثَلَ. ثُمَّ عَزَمَ فَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ لَيْلَةً أُخْرَى، وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلاَةِ قَارِئِهِمْ، قَالَ عُمَرُ نِعْمَ الْبِدْعَةُ هَذِهِ }}</ref>}}
Instead, [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelvers]] believe in the [[Tahajjud]] prayer, or {{Transliteration|ar|salat al-layl}} ("night prayer"), which is recommended throughout the year, especially during the nights of Ramadan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://najaf.org/?lang=english&tab=practice&cat=laws&id=2814| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617222435/http://najaf.org/?lang=english&tab=practice&cat=laws&id=2814| archive-date=17 June 2015| title=Imaam Ali Foundation - Ramadan Moon Crescent 1436}}</ref>
==Other==
On 3 January 2000, [[Malaysian Prime Minister]] [[Mahathir Mohamad]] expressed regret that Tarawih prayers were used by certain people for political gain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-01-04 |title=PM regrets tarawih prayers misused for political gains |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1603725/pm-regrets-tarawih-prayers-misused-for-political-gains |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}</ref>
On 2 April 2022, hundreds of [[Muslims]] gathered in [[Times Square]], [[New York City]], to perform the first Tarawih prayers of [[Ramadhan]]. Before the prayers, over 1,500 meals were handed out to the people to break their fast, known as [[iftar]]. The event marked the first public Tarawih prayers to be held in Times Square.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-02 |title= Hundreds gather in Times Square to mark beginning of Ramadan |url= https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/ramadan-times-square/ |access-date= |website=CBS New York}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*John L. Esposito: ''The Oxford Dictionary of Islam''. Oxford University Press US 2004, {{ISBN|978-0-19-512559-7}}, p. 276 ({{Google books|6VeCWQfVNjkC|restricted online version|page=276}})
==External links==
{{commons category}}[https://prayerintime.com/ Prayer Time in Egypt]{{Islamic prayer}}
{{Ramadan}}
{{portal bar|Islam}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Fasting in Islam]]
[[Category:Salah terminology]]
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