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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2012}}
 
{{Infobox dot-com companywebsite
|name = GitHub, Inc.
|logo = GitHub Octicons-logo 2013 padded-github.svg
|screenshot =
|caption =
|type company_type = [[Private company|Private]]
|founded = {{start date and age|df=no|2008|2|8}}
|___location = [[San Francisco]], [[California]], [[United States]]
|area served area_served = [[World|Worldwide]]
|founder = [[Tom Preston-Werner]] <br/> Chris Wanstrath <br/> PJ Hyett
|CEO = [[Chris Wanstrath]]
|key people key_people = [https://hyett.com/ P. J. Hyett] ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])
|industry = [[Software]]
|international = Yes
|employees = 723<ref>{{cite web|title=About - GitHub|url=https://github.com/about|website=GitHub}}</ref>
|slogan logo_caption = "Build software better, together.", "Where software is built"
|url = [https://github.com/ GitHub.com]
|programming language programming_language= [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
|alexa = {{IncreaseNegative}} 66 ({{as of|2017|12|04|alt=December 2017}})<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/GitHub.com |title = Github.com Alexa Ranking |publisher = Alexa Internet |accessdate = 2017-12-04 }}</ref>
|website type website_type = [[Git]] repository hosting service
|registration = Optional <small>(required for creating and joining projects)</small>
|users = 26 million (March 2017)
|language = [[English language|English]]
|launched = {{start date and age|df=yes|2008|4|10}}
|current status current_status = Active
}}
 
'''GitHub''' is a Web-based '''platform mostly used  for developers to post and collaborate on''' [[computer code]]. '''It is''' the largest host of [[source code]] in the world.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gousios|first1=Georgios|last2=Vasilescu|first2=Bogdan|last3=Serebrenik|first3=Alexander|last4=Zaidman|first4=Andy|title=Lean GHTorrent: GitHub Data on Demand|url=http://www.win.tue.nl/~aserebre/msr14georgios.pdf|___location=The Netherlands|publisher=Delft University of Technology & †Eindhoven University of Technology|page=1|accessdate=9 July 2014|quote=During recent years, GITHUB (2008) has become the largest code host in the world.}}</ref>
'''GitHub''' is a Web-based [[Git]] [[version control]] [[Repository (version control)|repository]] [[Internet hosting service|hosting service]]. It is mostly used for [[Source code|computer code]]. It offers all of the [[distributed version control]] and [[source code management]] (SCM) functionality of Git as well as adding its own features. It provides [[access control]] and several collaboration features such as [[bug tracking system|bug tracking]], [[software feature|feature requests]], [[task management]], and [[wiki]]s for every project.<ref name="hugeinvestment">{{cite web |url = https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/09/github-pours-energies-into-enterprise-raises-100-million-from-power-vc-andreesen-horowitz/ |title = GitHub Pours Energies into Enterprise – Raises $100 Million From Power VC Andreessen Horowitz |date = 9 July 2012 |first1 = Alex |last1 = Williams |publisher = TechCrunch |quote = Andreessen Horowitz is investing an eye-popping $100 million into GitHub }}</ref>
 
'''GitHub'''The platform is a Web-based [[Git]] [[version control]] [[Repository (version control)|repository]] [[Internet hosting service|hosting service]]. It is mostly used for [[Source code|computer code]]. It offers all of the [[distributed version control]] and [[source code management]] (SCM) functionality of Git as well as adding its own features. It provides [[access control]] and several collaboration features such as [[bug tracking system|bug tracking]], [[software feature|feature requests]], [[task management]], and [[wiki]]s for every project.<ref name="hugeinvestment">{{cite web |url = https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/09/github-pours-energies-into-enterprise-raises-100-million-from-power-vc-andreesen-horowitz/ |title = GitHub Pours Energies into Enterprise – Raises $100 Million From Power VC Andreessen Horowitz |date = 9 July 2012 |first1 = Alex |last1 = Williams |publisher = TechCrunch |quote = Andreessen Horowitz is investing an eye-popping $100 million into GitHub }}</ref>
GitHub offers both plans for private and free [[repository (version control)|repositories]] on the same account<ref>{{cite web |title = Why GitHub’s pricing model stinks (for us) |url = https://lostechies.com/jimmybogard/2012/11/07/why-githubs-pricing-model-stinks-for-us/ |website = LosTechies |accessdate = 29 June 2015 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150629153426/https://lostechies.com/jimmybogard/2012/11/07/why-githubs-pricing-model-stinks-for-us/ |archivedate = 29 June 2015 |dead-url = no |date = 7 November 2012 }}</ref> which are commonly used to host [[open-source]] software projects.<ref>{{cite web |title = The Problem With Putting All the World's Code in GitHub |url = https://www.wired.com/2015/06/problem-putting-worlds-code-github/ |website = [[Wired (website)|Wired]] |accessdate = 29 June 2015 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150629152927/http://www.wired.com/2015/06/problem-putting-worlds-code-github/ |archivedate = 29 June 2015 |dead-url = no |date = 29 June 2015 }}</ref> [As of April 2017, GitHub reports having almost 20 million users and 57 million repositories,<ref>{{cite web |url = https://github.com/blog/2345-celebrating-nine-years-of-github-with-an-anniversary-sale |title = Celebrating nine years of GitHub with an anniversary sale |website = github.com |publisher = Github |accessdate = 2017-04-11 }}</ref>]  '''As of October 2017, Github had 24 million developers affiliated to 1.5 million organizations and 67 million repositories, located in 200 countries of the world. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.i-programmer.info/news/136-open-source/11210-github-state-.html|title=GitHub's Latest State Of The Octoverse|last=Editor|website=www.i-programmer.info|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref> It is''' the largest host of [[source code]] in the world.<ref>{{cite journal |first1 = Georgios |last1 = Gousios |first2 = Bogdan |last2 = Vasilescu |first3 = Alexander |last3 = Serebrenik |first4 = Andy |last4 = Zaidman |title = Lean GHTorrent: GitHub Data on Demand |page = 1 |url = http://www.win.tue.nl/~aserebre/msr14georgios.pdf |accessdate = 9 July 2014 |publisher = Delft University of Technology & †Eindhoven University of Technology |___location = The Netherlands |quote = During recent years, GITHUB (2008) has become the largest code host in the world. }}</ref>
 
GitHub offers both plans for private and free [[repository (version control)|repositories]] on the same account<ref>{{cite web |title = Why GitHub’sGitHub's pricing model stinks (for us) |url = https://lostechies.com/jimmybogard/2012/11/07/why-githubs-pricing-model-stinks-for-us/ |website = LosTechies |accessdate = 29 June 2015 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150629153426/https://lostechies.com/jimmybogard/2012/11/07/why-githubs-pricing-model-stinks-for-us/ |archivedate = 29 June 2015 |dead-url-status = nolive |date = 7 November 2012 }}</ref> which are commonly used to host [[open-source]] software projects.<ref>{{cite web |title = The Problem With Putting All the World's Code in GitHub |url = https://www.wired.com/2015/06/problem-putting-worlds-code-github/ |website = [[Wired (website)|Wired]] |accessdate = 29 June 2015 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150629152927/http://www.wired.com/2015/06/problem-putting-worlds-code-github/ |archivedate = 29 June 2015 |dead-url-status = nolive |date = 29 June 2015 }}</ref> [As of April 2017, GitHub reports having almost 20 million users and 57 million repositories,<ref>{{cite web |url = https://github.com/blog/2345-celebrating-nine-years-of-github-with-an-anniversary-sale |title = Celebrating nine years of GitHub with an anniversary sale |website = github.com |publisher = Github |accessdate = 2017-04-11 }}</ref>]   '''As of October 2017, Github had 24 million developers affiliated to 1.5 million organizations and 67 million repositories, located in 200 countries of the world, in October 2017. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.i-programmer.info/news/136-open-source/11210-github-state-.html|title=GitHub's Latest State Of The Octoverse|last=Editor|website=www.i-programmer.info|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref> It is''' the largest host of [[source code]] in the world.<ref>{{cite journal |first1 = Georgios |last1 = Gousios |first2 = Bogdan |last2 = Vasilescu |first3 = Alexander |last3 = Serebrenik |first4 = Andy |last4 = Zaidman |title = Lean GHTorrent: GitHub Data on Demand |page = 1 |url = http://www.win.tue.nl/~aserebre/msr14georgios.pdf |accessdate = 9 July 2014 |publisher = Delft University of Technology & †Eindhoven University of Technology |___location = The Netherlands |quote = During recent years, GITHUB (2008) has become the largest code host in the world. }}</ref>
 
GitHub has a [[mascot]] called Octocat, a cat with five tentacles and a human-like face.<ref name="Octodex FAQ">{{cite web |title = GitHub Octodex FAQ |url = https://octodex.github.com/faq.html |accessdate = 21 September 2015 |website = github.com }}</ref><ref name="Jaramillo">{{cite web |url=https://github.com/blog/1929-from-sticker-to-sculpture-the-making-of-the-octocat-figurine |title=From Sticker to Sculpture: The making of the Octocat figurine |date=24 November 2014 |last=Jaramillo |first=Tony |website=The GitHub Blog |publisher=GitHub |access-date=2017-04-19}}</ref>
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== Services ==
=== GitHub ===
Development of the GitHub platform began on 19 October 2007.<ref name="beginning">{{cite web |url = http://blogs.esri.com/esri/arcgis/2014/02/10/github-ceo-and-co-founder-chris-wanstrath-keynoting-esris-devsummit/ |title = GitHub CEO and Co-Founder Chris Wanstrath Keynoting Esri’sEsri's DevSummit! |first1 = Kristina |last1 = Weis |date = 2014-02-10 |quote = in 2007 they began working on GitHub as a side project }}</ref><ref name="githuboneyear">{{cite web |url = https://github.com/blog/185-github-turns-one |title = GitHub Turns One! |work = GitHub |date = 19 October 2008 |first = Tom |last = Preston-Werner |accessdate = 2014-03-28 }}</ref><ref name="githubfirstcommit">{{cite web |url = https://www.slideshare.net/err/inside-github/28-2007_octoberThe_rst_commit_was |title = The first commit was on a Friday night in October, around 10pm. |date = 7 December 2009 |first = Chris |last = Wanstrath |accessdate = 2017-11-04 }}</ref> The site was launched in April 2008 by [[Tom Preston-Werner]], [[Chris Wanstrath]], and PJ Hyett after it had been made available for a few months prior as a beta release.<ref name="pastie">{{cite web |url = http://www.sitepoint.com/github-gist-is-pastie-on-steroids/ |title = GitHub Gist is Pastie on Steroids |date = 24 July 2008 |first1 = Josh |last1 = Catone |quote=GitHub hosts about 10,000 projects and officially launched in April of this year after a beta period of a few months.}}</ref>
 
Projects on GitHub can be accessed and manipulated using the standard Git command-line interface and all of the standard Git commands work with it. GitHub also allows registered and non-registered users to browse public repositories on the site. Multiple desktop clients and Git [[Plug-in (computing)|plugin]]s have also been created by GitHub and other third parties that integrate with the platform.
 
The site provides [[social networking]]-like functions such as feeds, followers, wikis (using [[wiki software]] called [[Gollum Wiki|Gollum]]) and a [[Collaboration graph|social network graph]] to display how developers work on their versions ("[[fork (software development)|forks]]") of a repository and what fork (and branch within that fork) is newest.
 
'''In October 2017, it said it added recommendations of relevant repositories to the homepage of logged in users.'''<ref name=":2" />
 
A user must create an account in order to contribute content to the site, but public repositories can be browsed and downloaded by anyone. With a registered user account, users are able to discuss, manage, create repositories, submit contributions to others' repositories, and [[code review|review changes to code]].
 
'''Users can pay a subscription fee to keep to keep their code private.'''<ref name=":0" />
 
The software that runs GitHub was written using [[Ruby on Rails]] and [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]] by GitHub, Inc. developers Chris Wanstrath,<ref name="wanstrathinterview">{{cite web |url = http://doeswhat.com/2012/03/06/interview-with-chris-wanstrath-github/ |title = Interview with Chris Wanstrath |publisher = Doeswhat.com |date = 2012-03-06 |accessdate = 2013-02-26 }}</ref> PJ Hyett, and [[Tom Preston-Werner]].
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* Photoshop's native PSD format can be previewed and compared to previous versions of the same file.
* PDF document viewer
* '''Newsfeeds'''<ref name=":3" />
* '''Explorer (connecting to curated collections, topics and other resources)'''<ref name=":3" />
* '''Dependency Graphs'''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://adtmag.com/articles/2017/10/12/github-security.aspx|title=GitHub Intros Dependency Graphs, Security Alerts Coming Soon -- ADTmag|website=ADTmag|language=en|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref>
* '''Security Alerts'''<ref name=":3" />
* '''Projects (card-based project management of repositories)'''<ref name=":4" />
* '''Marketplace (discover and purchase apps)'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenextweb.com/apps/2017/05/22/github-launches-developer-marketplace/|title=GitHub launches Marketplace to help developers find the tools they need|last=Mix|date=2017-05-22|work=The Next Web|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''Atom editor integration'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3196220/development-tools/atom-editor-now-has-native-github-integration.html|title=Atom editor now has native GitHub integration|last=Yegulalp|first=Serdar|work=InfoWorld|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref>
* '''Electron (framework for cross-platform development of desktop applications)'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3069453/javascript/github-releases-electron-10-for-desktop-app-developers.html|title=GitHub releases Electron 1.0 for desktop app developers|last=Krill|first=Paul|work=InfoWorld|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref>
 
==== Licensing of repositories ====
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=== GitHub Enterprise ===
GitHub Enterprise is similar to GitHub's public service but is designed for use by large-scale enterprise software development teams where the enterprise wishes to host their repositories behind a corporate [[firewall (computing)|firewalll]]. '''In the spring of 2017, GitHub Enterprise addedcustomers oncan ancluster optionservers to store workact onas thea majorsingle cloud servicesinstallation, includingenabling Amazonit Webto Servicessupport andlarge Microsoft Azureteams.'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=httphttps://www.businessinsidertechcrunch.com/githubs2016/02/09/github-enterpriseupdates-serviceits-bringsenterprise-inproduct-halfwith-itsclustering-200support-millionupdated-in-sales-2017-10design/|title=GitHub, theUpdates 'FacebookIts forEnterprise programmers,'Product hasWith quietlyClustering builtSupport, upUpdated an enterprise business that accounts for half its $200 million in salesDesign|last=Lardinois|first=Frederic|work=Business InsiderTechCrunch|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref>'''
 
'''In the spring of 2017, GitHub Enterprise added on an option to store work on the major cloud services, including Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/githubs-enterprise-service-brings-in-half-its-200-million-in-sales-2017-10|title=GitHub, the 'Facebook for programmers,' has quietly built up an enterprise business that accounts for half its $200 million in sales|work=Business Insider|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref>''' '''IBM's BlueMix cloud-platform was added in February, 2016.'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3036123/application-development/github-enterprise-is-coming-to-ibms-bluemix.html|title=GitHub Enterprise is coming to IBM's Bluemix|last=Noyes|first=Katherine|work=InfoWorld|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref>
Git Hub Enterprise allows users to follow each other, rate each other’s work, receive updates for specific projects and communicate publicly or privately.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.itjungle.com/2017/05/17/arcad-github-prepare-paradigm-shift/|title=ARCAD And GitHub Prepare For A Paradigm Shift - IT Jungle|date=2017-05-17|work=IT Jungle|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en-US}}</ref>  '''It also enables private workspaces and 24/7 support.'''
 
  '''GitHubGit Hub Enterprise addedallows supportusers forto [[Jupyter]]follow ineach Novemberother, 2016'''.rate '''Iteach alsoother’s allowswork, forreceive annotationsupdates and discussions aroundfor specific lines of codeprojects and, card-basedcommunicate project-managementpublicly softwareor created directly from GitHub objectsprivately.'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.infoworlditjungle.com/article2017/314015405/development-tools17/arcad-github-enterpriseprepare-28paradigm-adds-new-workflow-options.htmlshift/|title=ARCAD And GitHub EnterprisePrepare 2.8For addsA newParadigm workflowShift options- IT Jungle|lastdate=Yegulalp|first=Serdar2017-05-17|work=InfoWorldIT Jungle|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en-US}}</ref>'''  '''It also has private workspaces and 24/7 support.'''<ref name=":0" />
 
'''GitHub Enterprise added support for [[Jupyter]] in November 2016'''. '''It allows for annotations and discussions around specific lines of code and, card-based project-management software created directly from GitHub objects.'''<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3140154/development-tools/github-enterprise-28-adds-new-workflow-options.html|title=GitHub Enterprise 2.8 adds new workflow options|last=Yegulalp|first=Serdar|work=InfoWorld|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref>
'''GitHub Enterprise 2.9 added the following features in March 2017:'''
* '''Support for load balancers'''
 
'''GitHub Enterprise 2.9 added the following features in March 2017:'''<ref name=":1" />
* '''Resolve merge conflicts from within pull requests'''
* '''Support for load balancers'''<ref name=":1" />
* '''Dismiss pull request reviews'''
* '''Ask for pull request reviews from specific individuals'''
* '''Search commit messages in specific data fields, such as author, date, and message'''
* '''Organization-wide projects.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/03/02/github_opens_door_to_hosted_service_for_businesses/|title=You're mulling GitHub Enterprise. Not keen on on-prem hosting. You don't totally hate cloud...|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref>'''  
'''Forty five percent of the 100 largest companies in the United States (by revenue) use GitHub Enterprise to build software.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2017/11/20/github-vulnerability-security-alerts/|title=GitHub starts alerting developers of security vulnerabilities in dependencies - Help Net Security|date=2017-11-20|work=Help Net Security|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en-US}}</ref>   About $110 million of GitHub's $200 million in annual revenue, based on a run rate in August 2017, comes from GitHub Enterprise.'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/11/github-has-a-110-million-run-rate-from-business-products.html|title=GitHub has turned serious and now books more than $100m a year from businesses|last=Novet|first=Jordan|date=2017-10-11|work=CNBC|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref>
 
* '''Resolve merge conflicts from within pull requests'''<ref name=":1" />
GitHub Business offers many of the same features as GitHub Enterprise but is hosted by GitHub.
* '''Dismiss pull request reviews'''<ref name=":1" />
* '''Ask for pull request reviews from specific individuals'''<ref name=":1" />
* '''Search commit messages in specific data fields, such as author, date, and message'''<ref name=":1" />
* '''Organization-wide projects.''' <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/03/02/github_opens_door_to_hosted_service_for_businesses/|title=You're mulling GitHub Enterprise. Not keen on on-prem hosting. You don't totally hate cloud...|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref>'''  
'''In November 2017, Github adopted the "Git Virtual File System" created by Microsoft for [[Windows]] development. The system makes it easier to run large projects with thousands of developers and a very large codebase. Microsoft and Github are further extending the new system to include GitHub Enterprise projects built on MacOS and Linux.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/11/microsoft-and-github-team-up-to-take-git-virtual-file-system-to-macos-linux/|title=Microsoft and GitHub team up to take Git virtual file system to macOS, Linux|work=Ars Technica|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en-us}}</ref>'''
 
'''Forty five percent of the 100 largest companies in the United States (by revenue) use GitHub Enterprise to build software.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2017/11/20/github-vulnerability-security-alerts/|title=GitHub starts alerting developers of security vulnerabilities in dependencies - Help Net Security|date=2017-11-20|work=Help Net Security|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en-US}}</ref>   About $110 million of GitHub's $200 million in annual revenue, based on a run rate in August 2017, comescame from GitHub Enterprise.'''<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/11/github-has-a-110-million-run-rate-from-business-products.html|title=GitHub has turned serious and now books more than $100m a year from businesses|last=Novet|first=Jordan|date=2017-10-11|work=CNBC|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref>
 
'''GitHub Business offers many oflargely the same features as GitHub Enterprise but is hosted by GitHub. It also includes SAML single sign-on, and automated provisioning and deprovisioning.<ref name=":1" />'''
 
=== Gists ===
GitHub also operates other services: a [[pastebin]]-style site called '''Gist'''<ref name="pastie"/> that is for hosting [[Snippet (programming)|code snippets]] (GitHub proper is for hosting larger projects), and a [[slide hosting service]] called Speaker Deck.
 
Tom Preston-Werner presented the then-new Gist feature at a punk rock Ruby conference in 2008.<ref>{{cite conference |title = God's memory leak - a scientific treatment |first = Tom |last = Preston-Werner |url = https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/god-rb/Acyit8SlgcI |date = 2008-07-20 |conference = RubyFringe |conferenceurlconference-url = https://unspace.ca/rubyfringe/ |accessdate = 2014-10-21 |quote = He previewed the upcoming git feature gist }}</ref> Gist builds on the traditional simple concept of a [[pastebin]] by adding version control for code snippets, easy forking, and SSL encryption for private pastes. Because each "gist" has its own Git repository, multiple code snippets can be contained in a single paste and they can be pushed and pulled using Git. Further, forked code can be pushed back to the original author in the form of a patch, so gists (pastes) can become more like mini-projects.
<!-- Placeholder for potential section about Speaker Deck
=== Speaker Deck ===
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=== GitHub Marketplace service ===
GitHub also provides some  [[software as a service]]  integrations for adding extra features to projects. Those services include:
* Rollbar: Integrate with GitHub to provide real time debugging tools and full-stack exception reporting. It is compatible with all well used code languages, such as JavaScript, Python, .Net, Ruby, PHP, Node.js, Android, iOS, Go, Java and C#.
* Codebeat: For automated code analysis specialized in web and mobile developers. The supported languages for this software are: Elixir, Go, Java, Swift, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, Kotlin, Objective-C, TypeScript.
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On 9 July 2012, [[Peter Levine (venture capitalist)|Peter Levine]], general partner at GitHub's investor [[Andreessen Horowitz]], stated that GitHub had been growing revenue at 300% annually since 2008 "profitably nearly the entire way".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://peter.a16z.com/2012/07/09/software-eats-software-development/ |title = Software Eats Software Development |date = 2012-07-09 |first = Peter |last = Levine | author-link = Peter Levine (venture capitalist) }}</ref>
 
GitHub, Inc. was originally a [[flat organization]] with no middle managers; in other words, "everyone is a manager" ([[Workers' self-management|self-management]]).<ref name='"cto-mgmt-style'">{{cite web |url = http://tomayko.com/writings/management-style |title = Show How, Don't Tell What - A Management Style |last=Tomayko|first = Ryan |last = Tomayko |date = 2 April 2012 |accessdate = 28 August 2013 }}</ref> Employees can'''could''' choose to work on projects that interest them ([[open allocation]]). However, salaries are'''were''' set by the chief executive.<ref name='"nyt'">{{cite news |url = http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/28/github-has-big-dreams-for-open-source-software-and-more/?_r=0 |title = Dreams of 'Open' Everything |last=Hardy|first = Quentin |last work= Hardy |publisher = New York Times }}</ref>{{update inline|date=August By 2014}}, the company had adopted a traditional management structure.<ref name=":8" />
 
On 16 January 2013, GitHub announced it had passed the 3 million users mark and was then hosting more than 5 million repositories.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://thenextweb.com/insider/2013/04/11/code-sharing-site-github-turns-five-and-hits-3-5-million-users-6-million-repositories/ |title = Code-sharing site Github turns five and hits 3.5 million users, 6 million repositories |publisher = TheNextWeb.com |date = 2013-04-11 |accessdate = 2013-04-11 }}</ref> On 23 December 2013, GitHub announced it had reached 10 million repositories.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://github.com/blog/1724-10-million-repositories |title = 10 Million Repositories |publisher = GitHub.com |date = 2013-12-23 |accessdate = 2013-12-28 }}</ref>
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On 29 July 2015, GitHub announced it had raised $250 million in funding in a round led by [[Sequoia Capital]]. The round valued the company at approximately $2 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://fortune.com/2015/07/29/github-raises-250-million-in-new-funding-now-valued-at-2-billion/ |title = GitHub raises $250 million in new funding, now valued at $2 billion |publisher = Fortune |date = 2015-07-29 }}</ref>
 
In 2016, GitHub was ranked #14 on the [[Forbes|Forbes Cloud 100]] list.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/cloud100/|title=Forbes Cloud 100|publisherwork=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref>
 
With the first release on July 21, 2017, [[Brave (web browser)| Brave ]] web browser features Github as one of its default search engines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brave Browser Github page|url=https://github.com/brave/browser-laptop|website=Github|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
 
'''In November 2017, GitHub introduced security alerts for vulnerabilities in software packages that their projects depend upon.'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/open-sources-big-weak-spot-flawed-libraries-lurking-in-key-apps/|title=Open source's big weak spot? Flawed libraries lurking in key apps {{!}} ZDNet|last=Tung|first=Liam|work=ZDNet|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref>''' The security alerts service is based on a GitHub "dependency graphs" and include severity levels and suggested fixes.'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3230461/application-development/whats-new-at-github-dependency-management-security-alerts.html|title=What's new at GitHub: dependency management, security alerts|last=Krill|first=Paul|work=InfoWorld|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2017/11/20/github-vulnerability-security-alerts/|title=GitHub starts alerting developers of security vulnerabilities in dependencies - Help Net Security|date=2017-11-20|work=Help Net Security|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en-US}}</ref>'''
 
=== Censorship ===
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=== Harassment allegations ===
In March 2014, GitHub programmer Julie Ann Horvath alleged that founder and CEO [[Tom Preston-Werner]] and his wife Theresa engaged in a pattern of harassment against her that led to her leaving the company.<ref name="Valleywag March 2014">{{cite web|last1=Biddle |first1=Sam |last2=Tiku |first2=Nitasha |title=Meet the Married Duo Behind Tech's Biggest New Harassment Scandal |url=http://valleywag.gawker.com/meet-the-married-duo-behind-techs-biggest-new-harassme-1545685104 |accessdate=March 17, 2014 |newspaper=[[Vallywag]] |publisher=Gawker |date=March 17, 2014 |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317225437/http://valleywag.gawker.com/meet-the-married-duo-behind-techs-biggest-new-harassme-1545685104 |archivedate=17 March 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> In April 2014, GitHub released a statement denying Horvath's allegations.<ref name="NYTResigns">{{cite web |url = http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/04/21/github-founder-resigns-after-investigation/?_php=true&_type=blogs&hp&_r=0 |title = GitHub Founder Resigns After Investigation |first = Claire Cain |last = Miller |publisher = The New York Times |work = Bits |date = April 21, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/21/github-denies-allegations-of-gender-based-harassment-co-founder-preston-werner-resigns/ |title = GitHub Denies Allegations Of "Gender-Based Harassment," Co-Founder Preston-Werner Resigns |work = TechCrunch |last = Wilhelm |first = Alex |date = April 21, 2014 }}</ref> However, following an internal investigation, GitHub confirmed the claims. GitHub's CEO Chris Wanstrath wrote on the company [[blog]], "The investigation found Tom Preston-Werner in his capacity as GitHub’s CEO acted inappropriately, including confrontational conduct, disregard of workplace complaints, insensitivity to the impact of his spouse's presence in the workplace, and failure to enforce an agreement that his spouse should not work in the office."<ref name="Follow up to the investigation results">{{cite web |url = https://github.com/blog/1826-follow-up-to-the-investigation-results |title = Follow up to the investigation results |date = April 28, 2014 }}</ref> Preston-Werner then resigned from the company. In 2017 more allegations were made of discriminatory and unsupportive behavior at Github by a developer, who had been recruited following a commitment by Github to improve its diversity and inclusivity.<ref> {{cite web|title = Antisocial Coding: My Year at GitHub,|last=Ehmke |first=Coraline Ada [[blog]] |url=http://where.coraline.codes/blog/my-year-at-github/ |accessdate = July 5, 2017 }}</ref>
 
=== Mascot ===
GitHub's [[mascot]], Octocat, is an [[anthropomorphized]] female cat with five [[Cephalopod limb|octopus-like arms]].<ref name="Octodex FAQ" /><ref name="Jaramillo"/> The character was created by graphic designer [[Simon Oxley]] as [[clip art]] to sell on [[iStock]],<ref name="DeAmicis">{{Cite websiteweb |url=http://pando.com/2013/07/08/original-github-octocat-designer-simon-oxley-on-his-famous-creation-i-dont-remember-drawing-it/ |title=Original GitHub Octocat designer Simon Oxley on his famous creation: "I don’tdon't remember drawing it" |last=DeAmicis |first=Carmel |date=8 July 2013 |website=[[PandoDaily]] |access-date=2017-04-19}}</ref> a website that enables designers to market [[royalty-free]] [[digital image]]s.
 
GitHub became interested in Oxley's work after [[Twitter]] selected a bird that he designed for their own logo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fastcodesign.com/1672164/meet-the-accidental-designer-of-the-github-and-twitter-logos |title=Meet the Accidental Designer of the GitHub and Twitter Logos |last=Campbell-Dollaghan |first=Kelsey |date=26 April 2013 |website=Co.Design |publisher=Fast Company |access-date=2017-04-19}}</ref> The illustration GitHub chose was a character that Oxley had named Octopuss.<ref name="DeAmicis"/> Since GitHub wanted Octopuss for their logo (a use that the iStock license disallows), they negotiated with Oxley to buy exclusive rights to the image.<ref name="DeAmicis"/>
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=== Organizational structure ===
'''Originally a flat organization with little management structure, in 2014, GitHun introduced middle managers, including heads of engineering, legal, marketing, sales.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/small-business/startups/why-github-finally-abandoned-its-bossless-workplace/article31718152/|title=Why GitHub finally abandoned its bossless workplace|access-date=2018-03-12}}</ref> About 700 people worked at GitHub, as of October 2017.<ref name=":2" />'''
GitHub, Inc. was originally a [[flat organization]] with no middle managers; in other words, "everyone is a manager" ([[Workers' self-management|self-management]]).<ref name='cto-mgmt-style'>{{cite web |url = http://tomayko.com/writings/management-style |title = Show How, Don't Tell What - A Management Style |first = Ryan |last = Tomayko |date = 2 April 2012 |accessdate = 28 August 2013 }}</ref> Employees can choose to work on projects that interest them ([[open allocation]]). However, salaries are set by the chief executive.<ref name='nyt'>{{cite news |url = http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/28/github-has-big-dreams-for-open-source-software-and-more/?_r=0 |title = Dreams of 'Open' Everything |first = Quentin |last = Hardy |publisher = New York Times }}</ref>{{update inline|date=August 2014}}
 
In 2014, GitHub, Inc. introduced a layer of middle management.<ref name="wsj-2014">{{cite news |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/harassment-claims-make-startup-github-grow-up-1405639553 |title = Harassment claims make startup GitHub grow up |last = Evelyn |first = Rusli |work = [[Wall Street Journal]] |accessdate = 18 July 2014 |date = 17 July 2014 }}</ref>
 
=== Finance ===
GitHub.com was a [[Startup company|start-up business]], which in its first years provided enough revenue to be funded solely by its three founders and start taking on employees.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Michael |first1 = Carney |title = GitHub CEO explains why the company took so damn long to raise venture capital |url = http://pando.com/2013/06/20/github-ceo-explains-why-the-company-took-so-damn-long-to-raise-venture-capital/ |accessdate = 10 July 2014 |date = 20 June 2013 |publisher = PandoDaily }}</ref> In July 2012, four years after the company was founded, [[Andreessen Horowitz]] invested $100M in [[venture capital]].<ref name="hugeinvestment"/> In July 2015 GitHub raised another $250M of venture capital in a [[Series B|series B round]]. Investors were [[Sequoia Capital]], [[Andreessen Horowitz]], [[Thrive Capital]] and other venture capital funds.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://techcrunch.com/2015/07/29/github-raises-250m-series-b-round-to-take-risks/ |title = GitHub Raises $250M Series B Round To Take Risks |last = Lardinois |first = Frederic |website = TechCrunch |access-date = 2016-07-04 }}</ref> As of August 2016, GitHub was making $140M in Annual Recurring Revenue.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://medium.com/@moritzplassnig/github-is-doing-much-better-than-bloomberg-thinks-here-is-why-a4580b249044 |title = GitHub is making $140M in ARR |last = Plassnig |first = Moritz |website = Medium |access-date = 2016-12-19 }}</ref> '''GitHub reported annual revenue of about $200M based on its July 2017 annual run rate.'''<ref name=":2" /> '''About half the revenue comes from GitHub Enterprise and half from subscription fees to keep repositories private.'''<ref name=":0" />
 
=== Octoverse Report ===
'''GitHub releases an annual trends report based on data from its millions of code repositories, including the most popular programming languages used in its hosted projects and the most active repositories.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://adtmag.com/articles/2017/10/20/github-octoverse.aspx|title=GitHub Details Year's Most Popular Programming Languages, Active Projects, More -- ADTmag|website=ADTmag|language=en|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref>'''<ref name=":7" />
 
'''In October 2017, based on 67 million repositories, the report stated that Javascript is the most popular programming language, followed by Python and Java.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-9-most-popular-programming-languages-according-to-the-facebook-for-programmers-2017-10|title=The 15 most popular programming languages, according to the 'Facebook for programmers'|work=Business Insider|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref> The most forked project was [[TensorFlow]], a machine learning project.<ref name=":5" />'''<ref name=":7" /> '''[[Visual Studio Code]] was the project with the most contributors, at about 15,000. <ref name=":5" />'''
 
== See also ==
* [[Collaborative innovation network]]
* [[Collaborative intelligence|Collaborative intelligen]]
* [[Commons-based peer production]]
* [[Comparison of source code hosting facilities]]
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