P (programming language): Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Event-driven programming language}}

{{Infobox programming language

| name = P

| logo = P = logo.png

| logo_size = 120px

| logo size =

| logo alt caption =

| paradigm =

| logo caption =

| designer =

| paradigm =

| developer = Ankush Desai, Vivek Gupta: not the politician, [[Ethan Jackson]], [[Shaz Qadeer]], [[Sriram Rajamani]], [[Microsoft]]

| designer =

| latest release version = 2.3.5

| developer = Vivek Gupta: not the politician, [[Ethan Jackson]], [[Shaz Qadeer]], [[Sriram Rajamani]], [[Microsoft]]

| latest release versiondate = {{Start date and age|2025|02|19}}

| typing =

| latest release date = {{start date and age|2012|11}}

| implementations =

| typing =

| dialects =

| implementations =

| influenced =

| dialects =

| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]

| influenced =

| year = {{Start date and age|2012}}

| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]

| turing-complete = Yes

| year = {{start date and age|2012}}

| influenced_by =

| turing-complete = Yes

| file ext = .p

| influenced_by =

| license = [[MIT License]]

| file ext = .p, {{Mono|.p}}

| website = {{url|https://p-org.github.io/P/}}

| wikibooks =

}}

'''P''' is a [[programming language]] for asynchronous [[event-driven programming]] and the [[Internet of things|IoT]] that was developed by [[Microsoft]] and [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref>[https://www.infoworld.com/article/3130998/microsoft-open-sources-p-language-for-iot.html Microsoft open-sources P language for IoT]</ref>

P enables programmers to specify systems consisting of a collection of [[finite state machine|state machines]] that communicate asynchronously in terms of events.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/p-safe-asynchronous-event-driven-programming/ |title=P: Safe Asynchronous Event-Driven Programming |authors=Vivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer and Sriram Rajamani |accessdate=20 February 2017}}</ref>

P enables programmers to specify systems consisting of a collection of [[state machine]]s that communicate asynchronously in terms of events.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/p-safe-asynchronous-event-driven-programming/ |title=P: Safe Asynchronous Event-Driven Programming |author=Ankush Desai |author2=Vivek Gupta |author3=Ethan Jackson |author4=Shaz Qadeer |author5=Sriram Rajamani |website=[[Microsoft]] |date=November 2012 |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref> P programs can run and be analyzed on any platform supported by [[.NET]]. Additionally, P programs can generate C# and C code.

Code can be run on [[Microsoft Windows]] and [[Windows Phone]], and is now [[open-source model|open source]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sergio De Simone|title=Microsoft Open-Sources P Language for Safe Async Event-Driven Programming|url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2016/10/microsoft-p-language-opensourced|website=InfoQ|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref>

P is [[open-source model|open source]], licensed under [[MIT License]], and available on [[GitHub]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sergio De Simone|title=Microsoft Open-Sources P Language for Safe Async Event-Driven Programming|url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2016/10/microsoft-p-language-opensourced|website=InfoQ|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>

== Example ==

<pre>

machine BankServer

{

var database: Database;

start state Init {

entry (initialBalance: map[int, int]){

database = new Database((server = this, initialBalance = initialBalance));

goto WaitForWithdrawRequests;

}

}

state WaitForWithdrawRequests {

on eWithDrawReq do (wReq: tWithDrawReq) {

var currentBalance: int;

var response: tWithDrawResp;

// read the current account balance from the database

currentBalance = ReadBankBalance(database, wReq.accountId);

// if there is enough money in account after withdrawal

if(currentBalance - wReq.amount >= 10)

{

UpdateBankBalance(database, wReq.accountId, currentBalance - wReq.amount);

response = (status = WITHDRAW_SUCCESS, accountId = wReq.accountId, balance = currentBalance - wReq.amount, rId = wReq.rId);

}

else // not enough money after withdraw

{

response = (status = WITHDRAW_ERROR, accountId = wReq.accountId, balance = currentBalance, rId = wReq.rId);

}

// send response to the client

send wReq.source, eWithDrawResp, response;

}

}

}

</pre>

== See also ==

{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}

* [[Microsoft Research]]

* [[Free software movement]]

== References ==

{{reflistReflist}}

*P: Safe asynchronous event-driven programming. Ankush Desai, Vivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, and Damien Zufferey. In Proceedings of ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI), 2013.

== Further reading ==

*Systematic testing of asynchronous reactive systems. Ankush Desai, Shaz Qadeer, and Sanjit A. Seshia. In Proceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2015).

* P: Safe asynchronous event-driven programming. Ankush Desai, Vivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, and Damien Zufferey. In Proceedings of [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] [[SIGPLAN]] Conference on [[Programming Language Design and Implementation]] (PLDI), 2013.

*Building Reliable Distributed Systems With P. Ankush Desai, Ethan Jackson, Amar Phanishayee, Shaz Qadeer and Sanjit A. Seshia. University of California, Berkeley.Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2015-198.

* Systematic testing of asynchronous reactive systems. Ankush Desai, Shaz Qadeer, and Sanjit A. Seshia. In Proceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2015).

* Building Reliable Distributed Systems With P. Ankush Desai, Ethan Jackson, Amar Phanishayee, Shaz Qadeer and Sanjit A. Seshia. [[University of California, Berkeley]]. Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2015-198.

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://github.com/p-org.github.io/P/}}

* {{URL|https://github.com/p-org/P|Source code on GitHub}}

* https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/p-safe-asynchronous-event-driven-programming/

* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blogpublication/p-programmingsafe-languageasynchronous-asynchronyevent-driven-programming/ P: Safe Asynchronous Event-Driven Programming]

* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/p-programming-language-asynchrony/ P: A programming language designed for asynchrony, fault-tolerance and uncertainty]

{{Programming languages}}

{{Microsoft FOSS}}

{{Microsoft development tools}}

{{Microsoft Research}}

[[Category:Free and open-source software]]

[[Category:Microsoft free software]]

[[Category:Microsoft programming languages]]

[[Category:Programming languages created in 2012]]

[[Category:Software using the MIT license]]

[[Category:Systems programming languages]]

[[Category:2012 software]]

{{Prog-lang-stub}}

[[Category:Programming languages]]

[[Category:Free software]]

[[Category:Domain-specific programming languages]]