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{{short description|German nobleman}}
'''Adolph I of Cleves''' was born on 2 August 1373 to Adolph III Comte de la Mark and Margaret of Julich. He married Marie of Burgundy daughter of [[John II of Burgundy]] and [[Margaret of Bavaria]], they had the following issue:
{{ infobox nobility
| name = Adolph I, Duke of Cleves
| image = Adolf IV van Kleef-Mark.jpg
| caption = Adolph I, Duke of Cleves|thumb
| image_size = 150px
| noble family= [[House of La Marck|La Marck]]
| father = [[Adolph III, Count of Mark]]
| mother = [[Margaret of Jülich]]
| spouse = Agnes of the Palatinate<br/>[[Marie of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves|Marie of Burgundy]]
| issue = [[Margaret of Cleves (1416&ndash;1444)|Margaret, Duchess of Bavaria]]<br>[[Catherine of Cleves (1417&ndash;1479)|Catherine, Duchess of Guelders]]<br>[[John I, Duke of Cleves]]<br>[[Elisabeth of Cleves (1420 – 1488)|Elisabeth, Countess of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg]]<br>[[Agnes of Cleves|Agnes, Queen of Navarre]]<br>Helen, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg<br>[[Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein|Adolph, Lord of Ravenstein]]<br>[[Marie of Cleves|Marie, Duchess of Orléans]]
| birth_date = {{birth_date|1373|8|2|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1448|9|23|1373|8|2|df=yes}}
| death_place = Carthusian monastery at [[Wesel]]
}}
'''Adolph I of Cleves''' ({{langx|de|Adolf I}}) (2 August 1373 – 23 September 1448) was the second [[Count of Cleves]] and the fourth [[Count of Mark]].
 
== Life ==
* Katharina [[1417]]-[[1479]] married on [[23 July]] [[1423]] to Arnold van Egmond, Duke of Gueldres ca [[1410]]-[[1473]]
He was the son of [[Adolph III, Count of Mark]], and [[Margaret of Jülich]] (and thus the brother of [[Margaret of Cleves, Duchess of Bavaria-Straubing|Margaret of Cleves]]).
* [[John I of Cleves]] [[1419]]-[[1481]]
* Elisabeth [[1420]]-[[1488]] Married on [[15 July]] [[1434]] to Henry XXVI, of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg [[1418]]-[[1488]]
* Agnes 1422-1446 30 September 1439, Olite, to [[Charles of Viana]]
* Helena 1423-1471 Married on 12 February 1436 to Henry [[Welf]], of Brunswick Wolfenbüttel ca 1411-1473
* Adolf 1425-1492 13 May 1453, Bruges, Belgique, to Beatriz de Aviz, infanta de Portugal 1435-1462
* [[Marie of Cleves]] 1426-1487 married [[Charles, Duke of Orleans]]
 
After his father's death in 1394, he became [[Count of Cleves]]. In 1397 he defeated his uncle [[William VII of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg]] in the battle of Kleverhamm and became [[Ravenstein, Netherlands|Lord of Ravenstein]].
Adolph died on 23 September 1448 aged 75 years old.
 
When his brother [[Dietrich IX, Count of Mark]] died in battle in 1398, he also became [[Count of Mark]]. Adolph further expanded his influence by marrying a daughter of the Duke of Burgundy. As a result, Cleves was raised to a Duchy by the Holy Roman Emperor, [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]], in 1417.
 
From 1409 onwards he faced opposition from his younger brother [[Gerhard, Count of Mark|Gerhard]], who claimed the County of Mark. By 1423, their dispute resulted in an armed conflict, with Gerhard allying himself with the [[Archbishop of Cologne]].
 
A peace was signed between the two brothers in 1430 and confirmed in 1437. As a result, Gerhard ruled the largest part of Mark, but was to be succeeded by his nephew [[John I, Duke of Cleves|John]]. He was not allowed to call himself Count '''of''' Mark, but has to use the title Count '''zur''' Mark. After Gerhard's death in 1461, the County of Mark and the Duchy of Cleves were reunited again.
[[File:Armoiries de la Marck 1.svg|thumb|100px|coat-of-arms of La Mark]]
[[File:Kleef graafschap wapen.svg|thumb|100px|coat-of-arms of Cleves]]
 
== Marriage and children ==
 
Shortly before the year 1400 he married Agnes, daughter of [[Rupert of Germany]] and [[Elisabeth of Nuremberg]]. Agnes died a year later with no issue.<br>
In 1406 Adolf married [[Marie of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves|Marie of Burgundy]], daughter of [[John the Fearless]] and [[Margaret of Bavaria]].{{sfn|Boulton|2000|p=577}} They had the following issue:
 
* [[Margaret of Cleves (1416&ndash;1444)|Margarethe]] (23 February 1416 – 20 May 1444) married as her first husband [[William III, Duke of Bavaria]] on 11 May 1433; and as her second husband [[Ulrich V, Count of Württemberg]] on 29 January 1441
* [[Catherine of Cleves (1417&ndash;1479)|Catherine]] (25 May 1417 – 10 February 1479) married [[Arnold, Duke of Gelderland|Arnold]], Duke of [[Guelders]], on 23 July 1430
* [[John I, Duke of Cleves|John]] (1419–1481), succeeded as Duke of Cleves{{sfn|Boulton|2000|p=577}}
* [[Elisabeth [[of Cleves (1420]]-[[1488)|Elisabeth]] Married(1420–1488) married on [[15 July]] [[1434]] to Henry XXVI, of [[Schwarzburg-Blankenburg [[1418]]-[[1488]] (1418–1488)
* [[Agnes of Cleves|Agnes]] (1422–1446) married [[Charles IV of Navarre|Charles IV]], King of [[Navarre]], on 30 September 1439 in [[Olite]]
* Helen (1423–1471) married on 12 February 1436 [[Henry the Peaceful, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry "the Peaceful"]], Duke of [[Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (c. 1411–1473)
* [[Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein|Adolph]] (1425–1492){{sfn|Boulton|2000|p=577}} married on 13 May 1453, to [[Beatriz of Coimbra|Beatrice of Portugal]] (1435–1462), daughter of [[Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra|Peter, Duke of Coimbra]]
* [[Marie of Cleves|Mary]] (1426–1487) married [[Charles, Duke of Orléans]]; became parents of [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]], King of France
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
==Sources==
*{{cite book |title=The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later |first=D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre |last=Boulton |publisher=The Boyell Press |year=2000 }}
 
{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of La Marck]]|2 August|1373|23 September|1448}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Dietrich IX, Count of Mark]] }}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Count of Mark]] | years=1398–1448/ de facto 1430}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Gerhard, Count of Mark]] }}
{{s-bef | before=[[Adolf III, Count of Cleves]] }}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Count of Cleves]] | years=1394–1417 }}
{{s-non | reason=Raised to Duchy }}
|-
{{s-non | reason=New creation }}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duke of Cleves]] | years=1417–1448 }}
{{s-aft | after=[[John I, Duke of Cleves]]}}
{{s-end}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Counts of the Mark]]
[[Category:Dukes of Cleves]]
[[Category:1373 births]]
[[Category:1448 deaths]]
[[Category:Lords of Ravenstein]]
[[Category:14th-century German nobility]]
[[Category:15th-century German nobility]]