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{{Short description|Systems engineering methodology}}
'''Model-based systems engineering''' ('''MBSE''') represents a [[paradigm shift]] in [[systems engineering]], replacing traditional document-centric approaches with a methodology that uses structured [[Domain model|___domain models]] as the primary means of information exchange and system representation throughout the engineering lifecycle.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web |title=start [MBSE Wiki] |url=https://www.omgwiki.org/MBSE/doku.php?id=start |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.omgwiki.org}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Douglass |first=Bruce Powel |title=Chapter 1 - What Is Model-Based Systems Engineering? |date=2016-01-01 |work=Agile Systems Engineering |pages=1–39 |editor-last=Douglass |editor-first=Bruce Powel |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128021200000011 |access-date=2021-04-06 |place=Boston |publisher=Morgan Kaufmann |language=en |isbn=978-0-12-802120-0}}</ref>
Unlike document-based approaches where system specifications are scattered across numerous text documents, [[Spreadsheet|spreadsheets]], and [[Diagram|diagrams]] that can become inconsistent over time, MBSE centralizes information in interconnected models that automatically maintain relationships between system elements. These models serve as the authoritative source of truth for [[Systems design|system design]], enabling automated verification of requirements, real-time impact analysis of proposed changes, and generation of consistent documentation from a single source. This approach significantly reduces errors from manual synchronization, improves traceability between requirements and implementation, and facilitates earlier detection of design flaws through simulation and analysis.
More recently, the focus has also started to cover aspects related to the model execution in computer simulation experiment, to further overcome the gap between the system model specification and the respective simulation software. As a consequence, the term '''modeling and simulation-based systems engineering''' ('''M&SBSE''') has also been used along with MBSE.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Gianni|editor1-first=Daniele|editor2-last=D'Ambrogio|editor2-first=Andrea|editor3-last=Tolk|editor3-first=Andreas|title=Modeling and Simulation-Based Systems Engineering Handbook|date=December 2014|publisher=CRC Press|___location=USA|isbn=9781466571457|edition=1|url=}}</ref>▼
The MBSE approach has been widely adopted across industries dealing with complex systems development, including aerospace, defense, rail, automotive, and manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nouacer |first1=Réda |last2=Djemal |first2=Manel |last3=Niar |first3=Smail |last4=Mouchard |first4=Gilles |last5=Rapin |first5=Nicolas |last6=Gallois |first6=Jean-Pierre |last7=Fiani |first7=Philippe |last8=Chastrette |first8=François |last9=Lapitre |first9=Arnault |last10=Adriano |first10=Toni |last11=Mac-Eachen |first11=Bryan |date=2016-11-01 |title=EQUITAS: A tool-chain for functional safety and reliability improvement in automotive systems |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141933116301156 |journal=Microprocessors and Microsystems |language=en |volume=47 |pages=252–261 |doi=10.1016/j.micpro.2016.07.020 |issn=0141-9331|url-access= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chen |first1=B. |title=2018 International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation (ICIRT) |last2=Zhang |first2=S. |last3=Wang |first3=B. |date=December 2018 |isbn=978-1-5386-7528-1 |pages=1–5 |chapter=A Case Study of MBSE Method Used in the EMU Train Design |doi=10.1109/ICIRT.2018.8641645 |s2cid=61807576}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Weiss |first1=E. |title=MILCOM 2019 - 2019 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) |last2=Chung |first2=L. |last3=Nguyen |first3=L. |date=November 2019 |isbn=978-1-7281-4280-7 |pages=65–69 |chapter=A MBSE Approach to Satellite Clock Time and Frequency Adjustment in Highly Elliptical Orbit |doi=10.1109/MILCOM47813.2019.9020875 |s2cid=212648120}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hause |first1=M. |title=2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) |last2=Hummell |first2=J. |last3=Grelier |first3=F. |date=June 2018 |isbn=978-1-5386-4876-6 |pages=365–371 |chapter=MBSE Driven IoT for Smarter Cities |doi=10.1109/SYSOSE.2018.8428705 |s2cid=51976927}}</ref> By enabling consistent system representation across disciplines and development phases, MBSE helps organizations manage complexity, reduce development risks, improve quality, and enhance collaboration among multidisciplinary teams.
The [[International Council on Systems Engineering]] (INCOSE) defines MBSE as the ''formalized application of modeling to support system requirements, design, analysis, verification and validation activities beginning in the conceptual design phase and continuing throughout development and later life cycle phases.''<ref name=":022" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) (glossary) - SEBoK |url=https://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Model-Based_Systems_Engineering_(MBSE)_(glossary) |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=sebokwiki.org}}</ref>
==History==
The first known prominent public usage of the term "Model-Based Systems Engineering" is a book by A. Wayne Wymore with the same name.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wymore|first=A. Wayne|title=Model-based systems engineering : an introduction to the mathematical theory of discrete systems and to the tricotyledon theory of system design|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=0-8493-8012-X|___location=Boca Raton|oclc=26850986}}</ref> The MBSE term was also commonly used among the [[SysML Partners]] consortium during the formative years of their [[Systems Modeling Language]] (SysML) open source specification project during 2003-2005, so they could distinguish SysML from its parent language [[UML 2|UML v2]], where the latter was software-centric and associated with the term ''[[Model driven development|Model-Driven Development]]'' (MDD). The standardization of SysML in 2006 resulted in widespread modeling tool support for it and associated MBSE processes that emphasized SysML as their ''lingua franca''.
In September 2007, the MBSE approach was further generalized and popularized when [[International Council on Systems Engineering|INCOSE]] introduced its "MBSE 2020 Vision", which was not restricted to SysML, and supported other competitive modeling language standards, such as AP233, HLA, and [[Modelica]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=September 2007 |title=Systems Engineering Vision 2020, version 2.03 |url=http://www.ccose.org/media/upload/SEVision2020_20071003_v2_03.pdf |journal=INCOSE Technical Paper |issue=INCOSE-TP-2004-004-02}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=start [MBSE Wiki] |url=https://www.omgwiki.org/MBSE/doku.php?id=start |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.omgwiki.org}}</ref> According to the MBSE 2020 Vision: "MBSE is expected to replace the document-centric approach that has been practiced by systems engineers in the past and to influence the future practice of systems engineering by being fully integrated into the definition of systems engineering processes."
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According to the INCOSE ''SEBoK'' (''Systems Engineering Book of Knowledge'') MBSE may be considered a "subset of [[digital engineering]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Engineering - SEBoK |url=https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Digital_Engineering |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=www.sebokwiki.org}}</ref> INCOSE hosts an annual meeting on MBSE, as well as MBSE working groups.<ref name=":0" />
== See also ==
<!-- Please A-Z -->
* [[AUTOSAR]] (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture)
* [[Engineering information management|Engineering Information Management]] (EIM)
* [[Hardware-in-the-loop simulation]]
* [[List of requirements engineering tools]]
* [[List of SysML tools]]
* [[Model-based design]] (MBD)
* [[Model-driven development]] (MDD)
* [[Object Management Group]]
* [[Object Process Methodology|OPM]] - Object Process Methodology (ISO/PAS 19450:2015<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISO/PAS 19450:2015|url=https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/06/22/62274.html|access-date=2021-04-06|website=ISO|language=en}}</ref>)
* [[Systems engineering|Systems engineering (SE)]]
* [[Systems Modeling Language|SysML]] - Systems Modeling Language
* [[Unified Modeling Language|UML]] - Unified Modeling Language
==References==
<references />
== Further reading ==
* [[Eclipse (software)|Eclipse IDE]] Modeling Project: {{Cite web|last=Gronback|first=Richard|title=Eclipse Modeling Project|url=https://www.eclipse.org/modeling/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=www.eclipse.org|language=en}}
* Estefan, Jeff A. "[
* David Long, Zane Scott. ''[
* Patrice Micouin, ''Model Based Systems Engineering: Fundamentals and Methods,'' 2014.
*
* [[A. Wayne Wymore]], ''Model-Based Systems Engineering,'' 1993.
* Pascal Roques. [https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01258014/document MBSE with the ARCADIA Method and the Capella Tool] - 8th European Congress on Embedded Real Time Software and Systems (ERTS 2016).
* Somers, James. "[https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/09/saving-the-world-from-code/540393/ The Coming Software Apocalypse]," The Atlantic Magazine, 2017.
* Casteran, Regis. "[https://medium.com/seatwork/functions-in-systems-model-1f96f96a818?sk=fbfb1fee002cc0d525b7f6c464effdc9 Functions in systems model].", Medium article, 2019.
* Knizhnik et al. "[https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2020/05/04/MBE-2020_presentation_21_knizhnik.pdf An Exploration of Lessons Learned from NASA's MBSE Infusion and Modernization Initiative (MIAMI)]", NASA Systems Engineering, 2020.
* Meillier, Renaud. "[https://blogs.sw.siemens.com/simcenter/system-simulation-in-the-context-of-mbse/ System Simulation in the Context of MBSE]", Siemens article 2021.
== External links ==
<!-- Please A-Z -->
* [https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/blog/introduction-model-based-systems-engineering-mbse/ An Introduction to MBSE] - SEI Blog
* [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20190032390/downloads/20190032390.pdf Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) - NASA]
[[Category:Systems engineering]]
[[Category:Unified Modeling Language]]
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